Lubricating oil filling structure, automatic filling system and electric loading vehicle

Abstract

According to the lubricating oil filling structure, the automatic filling system and the electric loading vehicle, oil pipes can be connected to the two ends of a pin shaft through an oil passing channel formed in the pin shaft, so that lubricating oil can continuously pass through the oil passing channel in a flowing state; lubricating oil continuously flows from the shaft oil hole and the lining oil hole to the contact surface of the neck bush and the outer bush for lubrication, and meanwhile, the lubricating oil is more uniformly distributed during rotation due to the oil balancing part arranged on the outer surface of the neck bush; meanwhile, by arranging the lubricating oil circulating passage, lubricating oil can be circulated at the rotating node, so that small foreign matters at the rotating node can be taken away and frictional wear can be reduced while lubricating oil filling is ensured, and heat accumulated at the rotating node during long-time working can also be taken away; and the safety and the service life of the equipment during working are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of loading vehicles, and in particular to a lubricating oil filling structure, an automatic filling system and an electric loading vehicle. Background Art

[0002] In large-scale construction machinery (such as loaders, etc.), some pin-coordinated rotating structures are often used at some rotating connection nodes, such as Figure 1 The connection nodes of the loader working device shown in the figure, where the control part (including rocker arm, dipper arm, etc.) and the bucket are connected, are also hinged by using a pin structure.

[0003] In construction machinery, there are often multiple such connection nodes. During operation, the connection nodes (i.e., pin connections) will often rotate and are subject to greater pressure and friction (i.e., under high load). Therefore, these connection nodes need to be lubricated in a timely manner. Otherwise, during long-term operation, heat will accumulate at the connection nodes, accelerating wear, seriously affecting operational safety and machine life. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to propose a lubricating oil filling structure, an automatic filling system and an electric loader, which can intelligently, automatically and efficiently lubricate the pin shaft connection nodes to ensure the service life and safety of the entire construction machinery.

[0005] To achieve this object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A lubricating oil filling structure provided by the present invention comprises an articulated seat and a piston rod, the articulated seat and the piston rod are articulated by a pin shaft, and limit rings are further arranged at both ends of the articulated seat, the limit rings are fixedly connected to the pin shaft, an inner bushing is fixedly arranged on the pin shaft, an outer bushing that cooperates with the inner bushing is fixedly arranged at the connection between the piston rod and the pin shaft, the inner bushing and the outer bushing are coaxially arranged, an oil passage is provided in the pin shaft in the axial direction, connecting parts that cooperate with the oil passage piece are provided at both ends of the pin shaft, so as to connect an external oil pipe by using the connecting parts, an inner lining oil hole is provided on the inner bushing, and the pin shaft has a The shaft oil hole and the inner liner oil hole are coaxially arranged, and an oil guide groove cooperating with the inner liner oil hole is also provided on the outer surface of the inner bushing along the circumferential direction. After the outer surface of the inner bushing and the inner surface of the outer bushing are abutted against each other, the oil guide groove and the inner surface of the outer bushing form a lubricating oil channel; in this way, after the lubricating oil enters the oil passage, it can further enter the lubricating oil channel through the shaft oil hole and the inner liner oil hole to lubricate the contact surface of the inner bushing and the outer bushing, and the outer surface of the inner bushing is evenly provided with a plurality of oil equalizing parts cooperating with the oil guide groove along the circumferential direction, and the oil equalizing part and the oil guide groove form a cross-shaped structure, so that lubrication is more uniform.

[0007] In the above structure, the inner bushing and the outer bushing are also provided with anti-oil leakage arrangements, and removable sealing covers are provided at both ends of the inner bushing and the outer bushing to prevent the lubricating oil between the inner bushing and the outer bushing from leaking out during rotation.

[0008] An automatic lubricating oil filling system uses the lubricating oil filling structure as described above, and also includes an oil tank, an oil pump, a purifier, a cooler and a controller. The oil tank, the oil pump, the purifier, the pin shaft and the cooler are connected end to end with oil pipes to form a lubricating oil circulation passage. The oil pump, the purifier and the cooler are electrically connected to the controller. It also includes a sensing module, which includes a temperature sensor and a vibration sensor. The piston rod is provided with a mounting hole that matches the sensing module at the connection with the pin shaft, and the sensing module is connected to the controller.

[0009] Preferably, an electromagnetic switch valve is also provided on the pipeline connecting the outlet end of the pin shaft and the cooler to control the on-off of the lubricating oil circulation passage.

[0010] At the same time, the controller is further used to record the number of times the oil cylinder is extended and retracted N, and then optimize the oil injection time interval T according to the number of times the oil cylinder is extended and retracted N, specifically including:

[0011] The cylinder extension times N and oil injection time interval T satisfy:

[0012]

[0013] Among them, T max is the maximum oil filling interval time, which is a fixed value when the cylinder is initially used; k is a proportional constant, which is used to adjust the rate at which the oil filling interval decreases as the number of extension and retraction times increases.

[0014] An electric loading vehicle uses the automatic lubricating oil filling system as described above.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0016] (1) The lubricating oil filling structure proposed in the present invention can connect oil pipes at both ends of the pin shaft through the oil passage opened inside the pin shaft, so that the lubricating oil can keep flowing through the oil passage and continuously flow from the shaft oil hole and the inner liner oil hole to the contact surface of the inner bushing and the outer bushing for lubrication. At the same time, the oil distribution part is arranged on the outer surface of the inner bushing, so that the lubricating oil is more evenly distributed during rotation;

[0017] (2) The automatic lubricating oil filling system in this case is set up, so that compared with the lubrication scheme of the traditional pin shaft structure, this case can circulate the lubricating oil at the rotating node by setting up a lubricating oil circulation passage. While ensuring the filling of lubricating oil, it can not only remove the tiny foreign matter at the rotating node to reduce friction and wear, but also remove the heat accumulated at the rotating node during long-term operation, thereby improving the safety and life of the equipment during operation;

[0018] (3) In this case, a learning control module is also set up. By collecting, processing and analyzing the relationship between the number of piston rod extension and retraction times and the lubricant filling time in different environments in the early stage, the lubrication can be made more stable in the later operation, and it can also scientifically adapt to operations under different working conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bucket operation part of the electric loader;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a one-view structural diagram of the connection between the piston rod and the articulated seat of the oil cylinder;

[0021] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the connection between the piston rod and the articulated seat of the oil cylinder from another perspective;

[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of a lubricating oil filling structure provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of an inner liner provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention from one perspective;

[0024] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of another viewing angle of the inner sleeve provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a pin shaft provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention from one perspective;

[0026] Figure 8 It is a principle logic diagram of the automatic lubricating oil filling system provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] In the figure:

[0028] 1. Articulated seat;

[0029] 2. Piston rod; 21. Outer bushing;

[0030] 3. Pin shaft; 31. Inner bushing; 32. Oil passage; 33. Connecting part; 311. Inner liner oil hole; 321. Shaft oil hole; 34. Oil guide groove; 35. Oil distribution part;

[0031] 4. Lubricating oil channel;

[0032] 5. Sealing cover;

[0033] 6. Limiting ring;

[0034] 7. Mounting hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and through specific implementation methods.

[0036] like Figures 4 to 7As shown, the present invention provides a lubricating oil filling structure, including an articulated seat 1 and a piston rod 2, the articulated seat 1 and the piston rod 2 are articulated by a pin shaft 3, and limit rings 6 are also arranged at both ends of the articulated seat 1, the limit rings 6 are fixedly connected to the pin shaft 3, an inner bushing 31 is fixedly arranged on the pin shaft 3, and an outer bushing 21 matching the inner bushing 31 is fixedly arranged at the connection between the piston rod 2 and the pin shaft 3, the inner bushing 31 and the outer bushing 21 are coaxially arranged, and an arc surface can be applied to the contacting surface of the inner bushing 31 and the outer bushing 21 for convenient rotation, so that the contact area is larger during rotation, and it is convenient to rotate even when subjected to greater pressure, and the pin shaft An oil passage 32 is provided in the axial direction of the inner sleeve 3, and connecting parts 33 cooperating with the oil passage 32 are provided at both ends of the pin shaft 3, so as to connect the external oil pipe by using the connecting parts 33, so that the connecting parts 33 at both ends of the oil passage 32 can be connected to the external oil pipe, so that the lubricating oil enters the oil passage 32 from the connecting part 33 at one end of the pin shaft 3, and then flows out from the other end. Further, an inner liner oil hole 311 is provided on the inner sleeve 31, and an axial oil hole 321 cooperating with the inner liner oil hole 311 is provided on the pin shaft 3, and the axial oil hole 321 and the inner liner oil hole 311 are arranged coaxially, and a circumferential direction is also provided on the outer surface of the inner sleeve 31. The oil guide groove 34 cooperates with the inner liner oil hole 311. After the outer surface of the inner bushing 31 and the inner surface of the outer bushing 21 are against each other, the oil guide groove 34 and the inner surface of the outer bushing 21 form a lubricating oil channel 4; in this way, after the lubricating oil enters the oil channel 32, it can then enter the lubricating oil channel 4 through the shaft oil hole 321 and the inner liner oil hole 311, that is, the lubricating oil enters between the inner bushing 31 and the outer bushing 21 to lubricate the contact surface of the inner bushing 31 and the outer bushing 21. In order to further improve the uniformity of distribution of the oil on the contact surface of the inner bushing 31 and the outer bushing 21 during lubrication, the outer surface of the inner bushing 31 is evenly opened along the circumferential direction. There are a plurality of oil equalizing parts 35 cooperating with the oil guide grooves 34, and the oil equalizing parts 35 and the oil guide grooves 34 form a cross-shaped structure; in this way, the lubricating oil can reach each oil equalizing part 35 along the oil guide grooves 34, and during relative rotation, the lubricating oil can more fully lubricate the contact surface of the inner bushing 31 and the outer bushing 21. During the process of oil filling and lubrication of the above structure, the oil is easy to leak from both sides of the junction of the inner bushing 31 and the outer bushing 21. Therefore, removable sealing covers 5 are provided at both ends of the inner bushing 31 and the outer bushing 21 to prevent the lubricating oil between the inner bushing 31 and the outer bushing 21 from leaking during rotation.

[0037] The present embodiment also provides an automatic lubricating oil filling system, which uses the lubricating oil filling structure as described above, and also includes an oil tank, an oil pump, a purifier, a cooler and a controller. The oil tank, the oil pump, the purifier, the pin shaft 3 and the cooler are connected end to end with oil pipes in sequence to form a lubricating oil circulation passage. The oil pump, the purifier and the cooler are electrically connected to the controller. Further, it also includes a sensing module, the sensing module includes a temperature sensor and a vibration sensor, and the piston rod 2 is provided with a mounting hole 7 that cooperates with the sensing module at the connection with the pin shaft 3. The sensing module is connected to the controller, so that the temperature and friction vibration frequency at the rotation node are collected by the temperature sensor and the vibration sensor, and then the information is fed back to the controller for corresponding real-time control. Compared with the traditional solution in which the oil passage 32 has only half of the stroke in the pin shaft 3 and can only fill the friction part with oil, the lubricating oil set in this case The circulation passage can make the lubricating oil circulate in the structure that needs lubrication, which not only has the effect of oil injection and lubrication, but also can continuously take away the heat of the rotating node, avoid the heat accumulation caused by friction in the rotating node during long-term work, and improve the safety of the equipment during operation. Furthermore, if it is necessary to quickly inject oil into the rotating node during use, an electromagnetic switch valve is also provided on the pipeline connected to the cooler at the outlet end of the pin shaft 3 to control the on-off of the lubricating oil circulation passage; in this way, when it is necessary to quickly inject oil into the rotating node, the controller will close the electromagnetic valve switch, and the lubricating oil can only enter the lubricating oil channel 4 through the shaft oil hole 321 and the lining oil hole 311 to lubricate the contact surface of the inner sleeve 31 and the outer sleeve 21; then after the rapid oil injection is completed, the controller will open the electromagnetic valve switch to allow the lubricating oil circulation passage to continue to circulate.

[0038] Preferably, in different working conditions, when the lubricating oil circulation passage is used to inject oil into the rotating node, the circulation duration of the lubricating oil circulation passage and the time interval for whether the rotating node needs to be injected with oil are different; the controller is further used to record the number of times the oil cylinder is extended and retracted N, and then optimize the injection time interval T according to the number of times the oil cylinder is extended and retracted N. In order to optimize the number of times the oil cylinder is extended and retracted N and the injection time interval T, the injection strategy can be adjusted according to the frequency of use of the oil cylinder and the wear of the rotating node, as follows:

[0039]

[0040] The simplified mathematical model above is used to determine the oil filling time interval T as a function of the number of times the cylinder is extended and retracted N. In the function T(N), T gradually decreases as N increases, and Tmax is the maximum oil filling interval, which is a fixed value when the cylinder is initially used; k is a proportional constant, which is used to adjust the rate at which the oil filling interval decreases as the number of extensions and retractions increases. In this model, as the number of times the cylinder is used increases, the wear of the rotating nodes increases, so more frequent lubrication is required to prevent performance degradation. The value of k can be determined based on the specific use and maintenance records of the cylinder.

[0041] In other embodiments, the oil injection time interval T is optimized by combining the cylinder extension and contraction times N and the vibration amplitude V of the rotation node, as follows:

[0042]

[0043] Among them: Tmax is the maximum oil filling interval, which is a fixed value when the cylinder is initially used; k1 is a proportional constant used to adjust the effect of the cylinder extension and retraction times N on the oil filling interval; k2 is another proportional constant used to adjust the effect of the vibration amplitude V on the oil filling interval, which reflects the load condition of the rotating node of the cylinder during operation. In this formula, as the number of cylinder uses increases and the vibration amplitude increases, the oil filling interval should be reduced to maintain a good lubrication state of the rotating node. The values ​​of k1 and k2 can be determined based on the specific use and maintenance records of the cylinder.

[0044] As a further improvement, the controller is further used to obtain the vibration amplitudes V1 and V2 of the rotating node before and after the lubricating oil is added. It can be understood that by obtaining the vibration amplitudes V1 and V2 of the rotating node before and after the lubricating oil is added, the wear of the rotating node can be judged by the changes in V1 and V2. Specifically, if V2 is significantly smaller than V1, it can be roughly judged that: after the lubricating oil is added, the vibration amplitude is significantly reduced, so it can be judged that the wear of the rotating node is relatively slight, and the lubricity of the rotating node can be maintained by adding lubricant. However, if V2 tends to V1, it can be roughly judged that: after the lubricating oil is added, the vibration amplitude remains basically unchanged, so it can be judged that the wear of the rotating node is relatively large, and the addition of lubricant is not enough to maintain the lubricity of the rotating node. In other embodiments, when V2 is less than or equal to 0.8*V1, it is judged that V2 is significantly smaller than V1.

[0045] As a further improvement, in other special working conditions, if the vibration amplitude V of the rotating node exceeds the maximum limit setting value, the controller can be further used to add lubricating oil. Of course, in the actual application process, the noise in the vibration amplitude can be removed by filtering methods such as median filtering and moving average filtering to improve the accuracy of lubricating oil filling.

[0046] This embodiment also provides an electric loader, which uses the automatic lubricating oil filling system described in the above embodiment.

[0047] The present invention is described by preferred embodiments, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes or equivalent substitutions may be made to these features and embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and other embodiments falling within the claims of this application are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A lubricating oil filling structure, comprising an articulated seat (1) and a piston rod (2), wherein the articulated seat (1) and the piston rod (2) are articulated via a pin (3), and is characterized in that: The pin shaft (3) is fixedly provided with an inner bushing (31), and the piston rod (2) is fixedly provided with an outer bushing (21) matching with the inner bushing (31) at the connection position with the pin shaft (3). The inner bushing (31) and the outer bushing (21) are arranged coaxially. An oil passage (32) is provided in the pin shaft (3) in the axial direction. Connecting parts (33) matching with the oil passage (32) are provided at both ends of the pin shaft (3) so as to connect with an external oil pipe by using the connecting parts (33). An inner lining oil hole (311) is provided, the pin shaft (3) is provided with an axial oil hole (321) which cooperates with the inner lining oil hole (311), the axial oil hole (321) and the inner lining oil hole (311) are arranged coaxially, and an oil guide groove (34) which cooperates with the inner lining oil hole (311) is also provided on the outer surface of the inner sleeve (31) along the circumferential direction, and after the outer surface of the inner sleeve (31) and the inner surface of the outer sleeve (21) are abutted against each other, the oil guide groove (34) and the inner surface of the outer sleeve (21) form a lubricating oil channel (4).

2. The lubricating oil filling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the inner bushing (31) is evenly provided with a plurality of oil distribution portions (35) that cooperate with the oil guide groove (34) along the circumferential direction, and the oil distribution portions (35) and the oil guide groove (34) form a cross-shaped structure.

3. The lubricating oil filling structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: Removable sealing covers (5) are provided at both ends of the inner bushing (31) and the outer bushing (21) to prevent lubricating oil from leaking out between the inner bushing (31) and the outer bushing (21) during rotation.

4. The lubricating oil filling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Limiting rings (6) are also provided at both ends of the hinge seat (1), and the limiting rings (6) are fixedly connected to the pin shaft (3).

5. An automatic lubricating oil filling system, characterized in that: The lubricating oil filling structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 4 further comprises an oil tank, an oil pump, a purifier, a cooler and a controller, wherein the oil tank, the oil pump, the purifier, the pin shaft (3) and the cooler are connected end to end by oil pipes in sequence to form a lubricating oil circulation passage, and the oil pump, the purifier and the cooler are electrically connected to the controller.

6. The automatic lubricating oil filling system according to claim 5 is characterized in that: It also includes a sensing module, which includes a vibration sensor. The piston rod (2) is provided with a mounting hole (7) that matches the sensing module at the connection with the pin shaft (3), and the sensing module is connected to the controller.

7. The automatic lubricating oil filling system according to claim 6, characterized in that: An electromagnetic switch valve is also provided on the pipeline connecting the outlet end of the pin shaft (3) and the cooler to control the on-off of the lubricating oil circulation passage.

8. The automatic lubricating oil filling system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The controller is further used to record the number of times the oil cylinder is extended and retracted N, and then optimize the oil injection time interval according to the number of times the oil cylinder is extended and retracted N, specifically including: The cylinder extension times N and oil injection time interval T satisfy: Among them, T max is the maximum oil filling interval time, which is a fixed value when the cylinder is initially used; k is a proportional constant, which is used to adjust the rate at which the oil filling interval decreases as the number of extension and retraction times increases.

9. An electric loader, characterized in that: Use the automatic lubricating oil filling system as described in any one of claims 5 to 8.

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