Petroleum coke calcination control method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum coke calcination, and particularly relates to a petroleum coke calcination control method, which comprises the following steps: adding a flame path negative pressure control threshold value in a preset flame path negative pressure interval, taking the value as a reference, monitoring the flame path negative pressure, and controlling and adjusting the movement of an air flashboard so as to avoid excessive disturbance of the negative pressure. Meanwhile, the negative pressure is compared with a control threshold value, the air flashboard makes a reasonable moving distance every time, the air inlet and outlet amount is further controlled, reasonable matching and coordinated operation of the preheating zone temperature and the flame path negative pressure are achieved at the same time through'fine adjustment ', and then volatile components escape in a preset area instead of blasting along with downward movement of calcined coke.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum coke calcination, and particularly relates to a petroleum coke calcination control method. Background Art

[0002] In actual production, considering the advantages of pot calciners such as stability, less maintenance and overhaul, and high petroleum coke recovery rate, pot calciners are often used to calcine petroleum coke, and "explosion" is a common problem of pot calciners. The volatile matter produced by petroleum coke after heating mainly includes H2, CH4, CO, CO2, etc. If these volatiles do not escape smoothly, they will not all enter the fire channel, but move down with the petroleum coke. After contacting with the air at the discharger, since the material temperature is still above 150°C, the flammable and explosive gases in the volatiles mix with the air and burn rapidly when heated, forming high-pressure gas that rushes out, thus causing "explosion". "Explosion" can cause damage to the equipment, such as cracks in the outer shell of the crusher, deformation and damage to the aggregate hopper, etc.

[0003] At present, the main countermeasures taken to address the "explosion" problem caused by the downward movement of volatiles with petroleum coke are: (1) increasing the negative pressure of the fire channel to make the volatiles escape more smoothly; (2) evenly matching the coarse and fine materials of petroleum coke; (3) increasing the temperature of the first and second fire channels, absorbing the heat transferred from the fire channels on both sides of the tank wall to quickly heat up, so that the volatiles can fully escape in the preheating zone (above the second fire channel); (4) shortening the furnace cleaning cycle, regularly cleaning the main channel and the lower fire port to ensure smooth removal of volatiles.

[0004] However, volatile matter is the main source of fuel, and air is a prerequisite for combustion. Volatile matter and air are forced to flow by the suction force generated by negative pressure. In controlling the amount of air to regulate the preheating zone temperature and the negative pressure of the fire channel, for example, when the preheating zone temperature is low, increasing the amount of air entering conflicts with using a reasonable negative pressure in the fire channel to allow volatile matter to escape. How to coordinate the regulation so that the preheating zone temperature is stable and meets the actual temperature requirements, while ensuring the requirements of the negative pressure in the fire channel and avoiding the situation of losing one while focusing on the other requires further research. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the problems raised by the background technology, the present invention provides a petroleum coke calcination control method.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0007] The present invention provides a petroleum coke calcining control method, which controls the negative pressure of the fire channel and the temperature of the preheating zone by controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper and adjusting the air volume of the gas channel connected to the fire channel, and comprises the following steps:

[0008] S1: Obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel;

[0009] S2: preset the temperature interval Ta-Tb of the preheating zone, preset the negative pressure interval Pa-Pb of the fire channel, set the control threshold Pm, where Pa<Pm<Pb, preset the first moving distance L1 of the air damper, preset the second moving distance L2 of the air damper, L2<L1, compare the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone with Ta and Tb, and compare the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel with Pa, Pm and Pb;

[0010] If T<Ta and Pa≤P<Pm, the air damper is controlled to move in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas channel by an amount L1. After the first preset heating time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again, compared with Ta, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the first preset heating time, the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb;

[0011] If T<Ta and Pm≤P≤Pb, the air damper is controlled to move in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas channel by L2. After the second preset heating time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again, compared with Ta, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the second preset heating time, the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb;

[0012] If T>Tb and Pa≤P<Pm, the air damper is controlled to move in the direction of reducing the air volume of the gas channel by L2. After the first preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again, compared with Tb, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the first preset cooling time, the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb;

[0013] If T>Tb and Pm≤P≤Pb, the air damper is controlled to move L1 in the direction of reducing the air volume in the gas channel. After the third preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Tb, the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and distance of the air damper are controlled. After the third preset cooling time, the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel with Pa, Pm and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper are repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb.

[0014] As described above, if T<Ta and Pa≤P<Pm, the air damper is controlled to move in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas channel by L1. After the first preset heating time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again, compared with Ta, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the first preset heating time, the real-time temperature T is compared with Ta, the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and the process of controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper is repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb, specifically:

[0015] If T<Ta and Pa≤P<Pm, the air damper is controlled to move L1 in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas channel. After the first preset heating time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Ta. The real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb.

[0016] If T<Ta and Pa≤P<Pm, the air damper is controlled to continue to move L1 in the direction of increasing the air volume in the gas channel. After the first preset heating time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Ta, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and distance of the air damper are controlled. After the first preset heating time, the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P with Pa, Pm and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper are repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P<Pb.

[0017] As described above, if T<Ta and Pa≤P<Pm, the air damper is controlled to continue to move in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas channel by L1. After the first preset heating time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again, compared with Ta, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the first preset heating time, the real-time temperature T is compared with Ta, the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and the process of controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper is repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P<Pb, specifically:

[0018] If T<Ta and Pa≤P<Pm, the air damper is controlled to continue to move in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas channel by L1. After the first preset heating time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again, compared with Ta, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the first preset heating time, the real-time temperature T is compared with Ta, the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and the process of controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper is repeated according to the comparison result.

[0019] When the number of repetitions reaches the preset number of times, if T<Ta and Pa≤P<Pm, the air damper is controlled to move L2 in the direction of increasing the air volume in the gas channel. After the second preset heating time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Ta, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and distance of the air damper are controlled. After the second preset heating time, the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper are repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P<Pb.

[0020] As described above, if T<Ta and Pm≤P≤Pb, the air damper is controlled to move in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas channel by L2. After the second preset heating time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again, compared with Ta, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained, and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the second preset heating time, the real-time temperature T is compared with Ta, the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and the process of controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper is repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb, specifically:

[0021] If T<Ta and Pm≤P≤Pb, the air damper is controlled to move L2 in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas channel. After the second preset heating time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Ta. The real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb.

[0022] If T<Ta and Pm≤P≤Pb, the air damper is controlled to continue to move L2 in the direction of increasing the air volume in the gas channel. After the second preset heating time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Ta, the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and distance of the air damper are controlled. After the second preset heating time, the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P with Pa, Pm and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper are repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb.

[0023] As described above, if T<Ta and Pm≤P≤Pb, the air damper is controlled to continue to move in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas channel by L2. After the second preset heating time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again, compared with Ta, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained, and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the second preset heating time, the real-time temperature T is compared with Ta, the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and the process of controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper is repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb, specifically:

[0024] If T<Ta and Pm≤P≤Pb, the air damper is controlled to continue to move in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas channel by L2. After the second preset heating time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again, compared with Ta, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the second preset heating time, the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper is repeated.

[0025] When the number of repetitions reaches the preset number of times, if T<Ta and Pm≤P≤Pb, then after the third preset heating time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Ta, the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and the moving direction and distance of the air gate are controlled according to the comparison result. After the third preset heating time, the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air gate according to the comparison result is repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb.

[0026] As described above, if T>Tb and Pa≤P<Pm, the air damper is controlled to move in the direction of reducing the air volume of the gas channel by L2. After the first preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again, compared with Tb, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the first preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T is compared with Tb, the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and the process of controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper is repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb, specifically:

[0027] If T>Tb and Pa≤P<Pm, the air damper is controlled to move L2 in the direction of reducing the air volume in the gas channel. After the first preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Tb. The real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb.

[0028] If T>Tb and Pa≤P<Pm, the air damper is controlled to continue to move in the direction of reducing the air volume of the gas channel by L2. After the first preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Tb, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and distance of the air damper are controlled. After the first preset cooling time, the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel with Pa, Pm and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper are repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb.

[0029] As described above, if T>Tb and Pa≤P<Pm, the air damper is controlled to continue to move in the direction of reducing the air volume of the gas channel by L2. After the first preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again, compared with Tb, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the first preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T is compared with Tb, the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and the process of controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper is repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb, specifically:

[0030] If T>Tb and Pa≤P<Pm, the air damper is controlled to continue to move in the direction of reducing the air volume of the gas channel by L2. After the first preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again, compared with Tb, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the first preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T is compared with Tb, the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and the process of controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper is repeated according to the comparison result.

[0031] When the number of repetitions reaches the preset number of times, if T>Tb and Pa≤P<Pm, then after the second preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Tb, the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and the moving direction and distance of the air gate are controlled according to the comparison result. After the second preset cooling time, the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air gate according to the comparison result is repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb.

[0032] As described above, if T>Tb and Pm≤P≤Pb, the air damper is controlled to move in the direction of reducing the air volume of the gas channel by L1. After the third preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again, compared with Tb, the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained, and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the third preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T is compared with Tb, the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and the process of controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper is repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb, specifically:

[0033] If T>Tb and Pm≤P≤Pb, the air damper is controlled to move L1 in the direction of reducing the air volume in the gas channel. After the third preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Ta. The real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb.

[0034] If T>Tb and Pm≤P≤Pb, the air damper is controlled to continue to move L1 in the direction of reducing the air volume in the gas channel. After the third preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Tb, the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and distance of the air damper are controlled. After the third preset cooling time, the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel with Pa, Pm and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper are repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb.

[0035] As described above, if T>Tb and Pm≤P≤Pb, the air damper is controlled to continue to move in the direction of reducing the air volume of the gas channel by L1. After the third preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again, compared with Tb, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained, and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the third preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T is compared with Tb, the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and the process of controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper is repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb, specifically:

[0036] If T>Tb and Pm≤P≤Pb, the air damper is controlled to continue to move in the direction of reducing the air volume of the gas channel by L1. After the third preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again, compared with Tb, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the third preset cooling time, the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are repeated.

[0037] When the number of repetitions reaches the preset number of times, if T>Tb and Pm≤P≤Pb, the air damper is controlled to move in the direction of reducing the air volume of the gas channel by L2. After the first preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Tb, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and distance of the air damper are controlled. After the first preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T is compared with Tb, the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and the moving direction and distance of the air damper are controlled according to the comparison result, until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb.

[0038] Beneficial Effects

[0039] The present invention adds a fire channel negative pressure control threshold value in the preset fire channel negative pressure range, uses this value as a reference, monitors the fire channel negative pressure, and controls and adjusts the movement of the air damper to avoid excessive disturbance of the negative pressure. At the same time, for the comparison between the negative pressure and the control threshold value, the air damper is allowed to move a reasonable distance each time, further controlling the air inlet and outlet, so as to achieve a reasonable combination and coordinated operation of the preheating zone temperature and the fire channel negative pressure by "fine tuning", thereby achieving the escape of volatiles in a predetermined area, rather than "explosion" as the calcined coke moves downward. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention rather than to further limit the present invention.

[0041] Based on the petroleum coke calcining furnace device disclosed in the publication number CN117073395A (An efficient petroleum coke calcining furnace and use method), the present invention provides a petroleum coke calcining control method, which controls the negative pressure of the fire channel and the temperature of the preheating zone by controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper and adjusting the air volume of the gas channel connected to the fire channel, and comprises the following steps:

[0042] S1: Obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel.

[0043] The real-time temperature can be detected by a temperature measuring element, such as a thermocouple; the real-time negative pressure can be detected by a pressure detecting element, such as a pressure gauge. After the real-time temperature T and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel detected by the relevant elements are uploaded to the control system, the control system controls the relevant device, namely the air damper, to adjust the temperature and negative pressure. The moving distance of the air damper can be detected by a displacement sensor.

[0044] S2: Preset the temperature range Ta-Tb of the preheating zone, preset the negative pressure range Pa-Pb of the fire channel, set the control threshold Pm, where Pa<Pm<Pb, preset the first moving distance L1 of the air damper, preset the second moving distance L2 of the air damper, L2<L1, compare the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone with Ta and Tb, and compare the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel with Pa, Pm and Pb.

[0045] In addition, the first preset heating time is less than the second preset heating time, and the second preset heating time is less than the third preset heating time; the first preset cooling time is less than the second preset cooling time, and the third preset cooling time is less than the first preset cooling time.

[0046] When using a tank calciner to calcine petroleum coke, volatile matter is the main source of fuel, air is a prerequisite for combustion, and fuel combustion drives the temperature of the fire channel to rise. Volatile matter in the preheat zone (above the second fire channel) absorbs the heat transferred from the fire channels on both sides of the tank wall to quickly heat up, so the temperature of the first and second fire channels is increased to allow volatile matter to fully escape in the preheat zone to reduce the residual amount of volatile matter in the calcined coke.

[0047] Volatile matter and air are forced to flow by the suction force generated by negative pressure. Regarding negative pressure, the negative pressure of the fire channel is adjusted through the gas channel by using the supply and exhaust fans as the gas source to reach the set value. Therefore, the amount of air entering not only affects the combustion of fuel, but also brings fluctuations in the negative pressure of the fire channel. The opening and closing degree of the air damper controls the amount of air entering.

[0048] When the preheat zone is in the preset temperature range, whether the volatiles can fully escape depends on whether the negative pressure of the fire channel is large enough. When the negative pressure of the fire channel meets the conditions, the volatiles enter the fire channel through the volatile channel.

[0049] However, when the real-time temperature is low, it is necessary to increase the amount of air entering to promote fuel combustion and increase the fire channel temperature, thereby allowing the volatiles to escape in the preheating zone. At the same time, the negative pressure in the fire channel must be controlled to prevent a large amount of air from entering, causing the negative pressure to be outside the preset fire channel negative pressure range.

[0050] In one case, if T<Ta and Pa≤P<Pm, the air damper is controlled to move L1 in the direction of increasing the air volume in the gas channel. After the first preset heating time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again, compared with Ta, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and distance of the air damper are controlled. After the first preset heating time, the real-time temperature T is compared with Ta, the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and the process of controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper is repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb. Specifically:

[0051] If T<Ta and Pa≤P<Pm, the air damper is controlled to move L1 in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas channel, and the air volume of the gas channel is increased, so that the fuel in the fire channel burns, and the heat is transferred to the preheating zone through the fire channel wall. After the first preset heating time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Ta, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb.

[0052] If Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb, the air damper will not be moved. Under this condition, the volatile matter can escape fully.

[0053] If T<Ta and Pa≤P<Pm, and the temperature requirement for the escape of volatiles still cannot be met, the air damper is controlled to continue to move L1 in the direction of increasing the air volume in the gas channel. After the first preset heating time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Ta, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and distance of the air damper are controlled. After the first preset heating time, the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper are repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P<Pb.

[0054] Furthermore, if T<Ta and Pa≤P<Pm, that is, the temperature requirement for the escape of volatiles is still not met, the air damper is controlled to continue to move in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas channel by L1. After the first preset heating time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Ta. The real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the first preset heating time, the real-time temperature T is compared with Ta, the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and the process of controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper is repeated.

[0055] When the number of repetitions reaches the preset number of times, if T<Ta and Pa≤P<Pm, the air damper is controlled to move L2 in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas channel, and the air volume of the gas channel is increased, so that the fuel in the fire channel burns, and the heat is transferred to the preheating zone through the fire channel wall. After the second preset heating time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Ta, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the second preset heating time, the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P<Pb.

[0056] The above situation is: when the real-time temperature is lower than the preset minimum temperature and the real-time negative pressure is lower than the control threshold, the amount of air required for fuel combustion is large, and the air gate can move an appropriate distance each time to meet the coordinated control of negative pressure and temperature.

[0057] In one case, if T<Ta and Pm≤P≤Pb, the air damper is controlled to move in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas channel by L2. After the second preset heating time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again, compared with Ta, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the second preset heating time, the real-time temperature T is compared with Ta, the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled according to the comparison result until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb. Specifically:

[0058] If T<Ta and Pm≤P≤Pb, the air damper is controlled to move L2 in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas channel, and the air volume of the gas channel is increased, so that the fuel in the fire channel burns, and the heat is transferred to the preheating zone through the fire channel wall. After the second preset heating time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Ta, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb.

[0059] If Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb, the air damper will not be moved. Under this condition, the volatile matter can escape fully.

[0060] If T<Ta and Pm≤P≤Pb, the air damper is controlled to continue to move L2 in the direction of increasing the air volume in the gas channel. After the second preset heating time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Ta, the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and distance of the air damper are controlled. After the second preset heating time, the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P with Pa, Pm and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper are repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb.

[0061] Further, if T<Ta and Pm≤P≤Pb, the air damper is controlled to continue to move in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas channel by L2. After the second preset heating time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again, compared with Ta, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the second preset heating time, the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are repeated.

[0062] When the number of repetitions reaches the preset number of times, if T<Ta and Pm≤P≤Pb, the air damper maintains the current state. After the third preset heating time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again, compared with Ta, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained, compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the third preset heating time, the real-time temperature T is compared with Ta, the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled according to the comparison result until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb. In other words, when the number of repetitions reaches the preset number of times, if T<Ta and Pm≤P≤Pb, the air damper is no longer moved, only the heating time is extended, and the real-time temperature T and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel are monitored.

[0063] The above situation is: when the real-time temperature is lower than the preset minimum temperature and the real-time negative pressure is not lower than the control threshold, although the amount of air required for fuel combustion is large, the negative pressure value of the fire channel is high at this time. Therefore, it is necessary to adapt the air gate movement distance each time under this condition to meet the coordinated control of negative pressure and temperature.

[0064] In one case, if T>Tb and Pa≤P<Pm, the air damper is controlled to move in the direction of reducing the air volume of the gas channel by L2. After the first preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again, compared with Tb, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the first preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T is compared with Tb, the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and the process of controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper is repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb. Specifically:

[0065] If T>Tb and Pa≤P<Pm, the air damper is controlled to move L2 in the direction of reducing the air volume of the gas channel to reduce the heat transferred from the fire channel to the preheating zone. After the first preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Tb. The real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb.

[0066] If Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb, the air damper will not be moved. Under this condition, the volatile matter can escape fully.

[0067] If T>Tb and Pa≤P<Pm, the air damper is controlled to continue to move in the direction of reducing the air volume of the gas channel by L2, so as to reduce the heat transferred from the fire channel to the preheating zone. After the first preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Tb, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and distance of the air damper are controlled. After the first preset cooling time, the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel with Pa, Pm and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper are repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb.

[0068] Further, if T>Tb and Pa≤P<Pm, the air damper is controlled to continue to move in the direction of reducing the air volume of the gas channel by L2. After the first preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again, compared with Tb, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the first preset cooling time, the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper is repeated.

[0069] When the number of repetitions reaches the preset number of times, if T>Tb and Pa≤P<Pm, then after the second preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again, compared with Tb, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained, compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and the moving direction and moving distance of the air gate are controlled according to the comparison results. After the second preset cooling time, the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air gate according to the comparison results is repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb. In other words, when the number of repetitions reaches the preset number of times, if T>Tb and Pa≤P<Pm, the air gate is no longer moved, only the cooling time is extended, and the real-time temperature T and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel are monitored.

[0070] The above situation is: when the real-time temperature is greater than the preset maximum temperature, the amount of air required for fuel combustion needs to be reduced to meet the combustion temperature requirement at this time. At the same time, the real-time negative pressure is less than the control threshold. Therefore, the opening and closing degree of the air gate needs to be appropriate each time it moves, and the air volume needs to be reasonably controlled so that the real-time temperature can be reduced, thereby ensuring that the volatile matter fully enters the fire channel.

[0071] In one case, if T>Tb and Pm≤P≤Pb, the air damper is controlled to move in the direction of reducing the air volume of the gas channel by L1. After the third preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again, compared with Tb, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the third preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T is compared with Tb, the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and the process of controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper is repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb. Specifically:

[0072] If T>Tb and Pm≤P≤Pb, the air damper is controlled to move L1 in the direction of reducing the air volume of the gas channel to reduce the heat transferred from the fire channel to the preheating zone. After the third preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Ta. The real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb.

[0073] If Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb, the air damper will not be moved. Under this condition, the volatile matter can escape fully.

[0074] If T>Tb and Pm≤P≤Pb, the air damper is controlled to continue to move L1 in the direction of reducing the air volume of the gas channel, so as to reduce the heat transferred from the fire channel to the preheating zone. After the third preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Tb, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and distance of the air damper are controlled. After the third preset cooling time, the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel with Pa, Pm and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper are repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb.

[0075] Further, if T>Tb and Pm≤P≤Pb, the air damper is controlled to continue to move in the direction of reducing the air volume of the gas channel by L1. After the third preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again, compared with Tb, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the third preset cooling time, the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are repeated.

[0076] When the number of repetitions reaches the preset number of times, if T>Tb and Pm≤P≤Pb, the air damper is controlled to move in the direction of reducing the air volume of the gas channel by L2. After the first preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Tb, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and distance of the air damper are controlled. After the first preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T is compared with Tb, the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and the moving direction and distance of the air damper are controlled according to the comparison result, until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb.

[0077] Similarly, the above situation is: when the real-time temperature is greater than the preset maximum temperature, the amount of air intake required for fuel combustion needs to be reduced to meet the combustion temperature requirement at this time. At the same time, the real-time negative pressure is not less than the control threshold. Therefore, the opening and closing degree of the air damper also needs to be adjusted appropriately each time to avoid blindly lowering the temperature but causing the fire channel negative pressure to exceed the preset fire channel negative pressure range.

[0078] The present invention adds a fire channel negative pressure control threshold value in the preset fire channel negative pressure range, uses this value as a reference, monitors the fire channel negative pressure, and controls and adjusts the movement of the air damper to avoid excessive disturbance of the negative pressure. At the same time, for the comparison between the negative pressure and the control threshold value, the air damper is allowed to move a reasonable distance each time, further controlling the air inlet and outlet, so as to achieve a reasonable combination and coordinated operation of the preheating zone temperature and the fire channel negative pressure by "fine tuning", thereby achieving the escape of volatiles in a predetermined area, rather than "explosion" as the calcined coke moves downward.

Claims

1. A petroleum coke calcination control method, characterized in that: By controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper and adjusting the air volume of the gas channel connected to the fire channel, the negative pressure of the fire channel and the temperature of the preheating zone are controlled, including the following steps: S1: Obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel; S2: preset the temperature interval Ta-Tb of the preheating zone, preset the negative pressure interval Pa-Pb of the fire channel, set the control threshold Pm, where Pa<Pm<Pb, preset the first moving distance L1 of the air damper, preset the second moving distance L2 of the air damper, L2<L1, compare the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone with Ta and Tb, and compare the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel with Pa, Pm and Pb; If T<Ta and Pa≤P<Pm, the air damper is controlled to move in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas channel by an amount L1. After the first preset heating time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again, compared with Ta, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the first preset heating time, the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb; If T<Ta and Pm≤P≤Pb, the air damper is controlled to move in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas channel by L2. After the second preset heating time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again, compared with Ta, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the second preset heating time, the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb; If T>Tb and Pa≤P<Pm, the air damper is controlled to move in the direction of reducing the air volume of the gas channel by L2. After the first preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again, compared with Tb, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the first preset cooling time, the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb; If T>Tb and Pm≤P≤Pb, the air damper is controlled to move L1 in the direction of reducing the air volume in the gas channel. After the third preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Tb, the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and distance of the air damper are controlled. After the third preset cooling time, the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel with Pa, Pm and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper are repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb.

2. The petroleum coke calcination control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: As described above, if T<Ta and Pa≤P<Pm, the air damper is controlled to move in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas channel by L1. After the first preset heating time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again, compared with Ta, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the first preset heating time, the real-time temperature T is compared with Ta, the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and the process of controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper is repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb, specifically: If T<Ta and Pa≤P<Pm, the air damper is controlled to move L1 in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas channel. After the first preset heating time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Ta. The real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. If T<Ta and Pa≤P<Pm, the air damper is controlled to continue to move L1 in the direction of increasing the air volume in the gas channel. After the first preset heating time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Ta, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and distance of the air damper are controlled. After the first preset heating time, the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P with Pa, Pm and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper are repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P<Pb.

3. The petroleum coke calcination control method according to claim 2, characterized in that: As described above, if T<Ta and Pa≤P<Pm, the air damper is controlled to continue to move in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas channel by L1. After the first preset heating time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again, compared with Ta, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the first preset heating time, the real-time temperature T is compared with Ta, the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and the process of controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper is repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P<Pb, specifically: If T<Ta and Pa≤P<Pm, the air damper is controlled to continue to move in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas channel by L1. After the first preset heating time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again, compared with Ta, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the first preset heating time, the real-time temperature T is compared with Ta, the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and the process of controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper is repeated according to the comparison result. When the number of repetitions reaches the preset number of times, if T<Ta and Pa≤P<Pm, the air damper is controlled to move L2 in the direction of increasing the air volume in the gas channel. After the second preset heating time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Ta, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and distance of the air damper are controlled. After the second preset heating time, the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper are repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P<Pb.

4. The petroleum coke calcination control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: As described above, if T<Ta and Pm≤P≤Pb, the air damper is controlled to move in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas channel by L2. After the second preset heating time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again, compared with Ta, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained, and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the second preset heating time, the real-time temperature T is compared with Ta, the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and the process of controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper is repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb, specifically: If T<Ta and Pm≤P≤Pb, the air damper is controlled to move L2 in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas channel. After the second preset heating time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Ta. The real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. If T<Ta and Pm≤P≤Pb, the air damper is controlled to continue to move L2 in the direction of increasing the air volume in the gas channel. After the second preset heating time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Ta, the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and distance of the air damper are controlled. After the second preset heating time, the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P with Pa, Pm and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper are repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb.

5. The petroleum coke calcination control method according to claim 4, characterized in that: As described above, if T<Ta and Pm≤P≤Pb, the air damper is controlled to continue to move in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas channel by L2. After the second preset heating time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again, compared with Ta, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained, and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the second preset heating time, the real-time temperature T is compared with Ta, the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and the process of controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper is repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb, specifically: If T<Ta and Pm≤P≤Pb, the air damper is controlled to continue to move in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas channel by L2. After the second preset heating time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again, compared with Ta, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the second preset heating time, the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper is repeated. When the number of repetitions reaches the preset number of times, if T<Ta and Pm≤P≤Pb, then after the third preset heating time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Ta, the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and the moving direction and distance of the air gate are controlled according to the comparison result. After the third preset heating time, the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air gate according to the comparison result is repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb.

6. The petroleum coke calcination control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: As described above, if T>Tb and Pa≤P<Pm, the air damper is controlled to move in the direction of reducing the air volume of the gas channel by L2. After the first preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again, compared with Tb, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the first preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T is compared with Tb, the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and the process of controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper is repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb, specifically: If T>Tb and Pa≤P<Pm, the air damper is controlled to move L2 in the direction of reducing the air volume in the gas channel. After the first preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Tb. The real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. If T>Tb and Pa≤P<Pm, the air damper is controlled to continue to move in the direction of reducing the air volume of the gas channel by L2. After the first preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Tb, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and distance of the air damper are controlled. After the first preset cooling time, the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel with Pa, Pm and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper are repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb.

7. The petroleum coke calcination control method according to claim 6, characterized in that: As described above, if T>Tb and Pa≤P<Pm, the air damper is controlled to continue to move in the direction of reducing the air volume of the gas channel by L2. After the first preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again, compared with Tb, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the first preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T is compared with Tb, the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and the process of controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper is repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb, specifically: If T>Tb and Pa≤P<Pm, the air damper is controlled to continue to move in the direction of reducing the air volume of the gas channel by L2. After the first preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again, compared with Tb, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the first preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T is compared with Tb, the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and the process of controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper is repeated according to the comparison result. When the number of repetitions reaches the preset number of times, if T>Tb and Pa≤P<Pm, then after the second preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Tb, the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and the moving direction and distance of the air gate are controlled according to the comparison result. After the second preset cooling time, the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air gate according to the comparison result is repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb.

8. The petroleum coke calcination control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: As described above, if T>Tb and Pm≤P≤Pb, the air damper is controlled to move in the direction of reducing the air volume of the gas channel by L1. After the third preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again, compared with Tb, the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained, and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the third preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T is compared with Tb, the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and the process of controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper is repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb, specifically: If T>Tb and Pm≤P≤Pb, the air damper is controlled to move L1 in the direction of reducing the air volume in the gas channel. After the third preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Ta. The real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. If T>Tb and Pm≤P≤Pb, the air damper is controlled to continue to move L1 in the direction of reducing the air volume in the gas channel. After the third preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Tb, the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and distance of the air damper are controlled. After the third preset cooling time, the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel with Pa, Pm and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper are repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb.

9. The petroleum coke calcination control method according to claim 8, characterized in that: As described above, if T>Tb and Pm≤P≤Pb, the air damper is controlled to continue to move in the direction of reducing the air volume of the gas channel by L1. After the third preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again, compared with Tb, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained, and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the third preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T is compared with Tb, the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and the process of controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper is repeated until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb, specifically: If T>Tb and Pm≤P≤Pb, the air damper is controlled to continue to move in the direction of reducing the air volume of the gas channel by L1. After the third preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again, compared with Tb, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the third preset cooling time, the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are repeated. When the number of repetitions reaches the preset number of times, if T>Tb and Pm≤P≤Pb, the air damper is controlled to move in the direction of reducing the air volume of the gas channel by L2. After the first preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Tb, and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison result, the moving direction and distance of the air damper are controlled. After the first preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T is compared with Tb, the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel is compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and the moving direction and distance of the air damper are controlled according to the comparison result, until Ta≤T≤Tb and Pa≤P≤Pb.