The invention relates to PH-sensitive targeted LPNs (lipid poly-L-histidine hybrid nanoparticles) for encapsulating anti-tumor drugs. The LPNs comprise raw materials in percentage by mass as follows:50%-80% of PHIS (poly-histidine) and 20%-50% of lipid (including lipid-PEG), wherein the lipid PEG accounts for 1%-100% of the total mass of lipid. A hydrophobic core consists of PHIS, and the surfaceis modified with polyethylene glycol and tumor targeted peptide. The PEGylated lipid surface has the characteristics of good biocompatibility, high stability and long in-vivo circulation. A histidinecore can encapsulate the hydrophobic anti-cancer drugs under the neutral condition, histidine is protonized in the tumor microenvironment to mediate the carrier potential to change from negative to near neutral, intake and endocytosis of a carrier arepromoted, the carrier mediates the lysosome to escape after endocytosis, the drugs are released rapidly, tumor cells are effectively killed, and accordingly, the problems that the PEGylated nano-carrier endocytosis efficiency is low and cannot release the drugs in cells effectively after endocytosis are solved. The surface of the carrier can bemodified with a tumor-specific antibody or ligand, the tumor targeting property is further improved, and the therapeutic effect is improved.