A method for controlling petroleum coke calcination

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum coke calcination, and particularly relates to a method for controlling petroleum coke calcination. A fire flue negative pressure control threshold is added in a preset fire flue negative pressure range. Taking this value as a reference, the fire flue negative pressure is monitored, and the movement of the air damper is controlled and adjusted to avoid excessive disturbance of the negative pressure. At the same time, for the comparison of the negative pressure with the control threshold, the air damper makes a reasonable moving distance each time, further controlling the air inflow and outflow, so as to "fine-tune" and realize the reasonable matching and coordinated operation of the preheating zone temperature and the fire flue negative pressure at the same time, thereby realizing the volatilization of volatile components in a predetermined area, rather than "exploding" as the calcined coke moves downward.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum coke calcination, and particularly relates to a petroleum coke calcination control method. Background Art

[0002] In actual production, considering the advantages of pot calciners such as stability, less maintenance and overhaul, and high petroleum coke recovery rate, pot calciners are often used to calcine petroleum coke, and "explosion" is a common problem of pot calciners. The volatile matter produced by petroleum coke after heating mainly includes H2, CH4, CO, CO2, etc. If these volatiles do not escape smoothly, they will not all enter the fire channel, but move down with the petroleum coke. After contacting with the air at the discharger, since the material temperature is still above 150°C, the flammable and explosive gases in the volatiles mix with the air and burn rapidly when heated, forming high-pressure gas that rushes out, thus causing "explosion". "Explosion" can cause damage to the equipment, such as cracks in the outer shell of the crusher, deformation and damage to the aggregate hopper, etc.

[0003] At present, the main countermeasures taken to address the "explosion" problem caused by the downward movement of volatiles with petroleum coke are: (1) increasing the negative pressure of the fire channel to make the volatiles escape more smoothly; (2) evenly matching the coarse and fine materials of petroleum coke; (3) increasing the temperature of the first and second fire channels, absorbing the heat transferred from the fire channels on both sides of the tank wall to quickly heat up, so that the volatiles can fully escape in the preheating zone (above the second fire channel); (4) shortening the furnace cleaning cycle, regularly cleaning the main channel and the lower fire port to ensure smooth removal of volatiles.

[0004] However, volatile matter is the main source of fuel, and air is a prerequisite for combustion. Volatile matter and air are forced to flow by the suction force generated by negative pressure. In controlling the amount of air to regulate the preheating zone temperature and the negative pressure of the fire channel, for example, when the preheating zone temperature is low, increasing the amount of air entering conflicts with using a reasonable negative pressure in the fire channel to allow volatile matter to escape. How to coordinate the regulation so that the preheating zone temperature is stable and meets the actual temperature requirements, while ensuring the requirements of the negative pressure in the fire channel and avoiding the situation of losing one while focusing on the other requires further research. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the problems raised by the background technology, the present invention provides a petroleum coke calcination control method.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0007] The present invention provides a petroleum coke calcining control method, which controls the negative pressure of the fire channel and the temperature of the preheating zone by controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper and adjusting the air volume of the gas channel connected to the fire channel, and comprises the following steps:

[0008] S1: Obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone and the real-time negative pressure P of the fire channel;

[0009] S2: Preset the temperature range Ta - Tb of the preheating zone, the flue negative pressure range Pa - Pb, and set the control threshold Pm, where Pa < Pm < Pb. Preset the first moving distance L1 of the air damper and the second moving distance L2 of the air damper, with L2 < L1. Compare the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone with Ta and Tb, and compare the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb;

[0010] If T < Ta and Pa ≤ P < Pm, control the air damper to move in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas passage by a distance of L1. After the first preset heating time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Ta, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and control the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results. After the first preset heating time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb;

[0011] If T < Ta and Pm ≤ P ≤ Pb, control the air damper to move in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas passage by a distance of L2. After the second preset heating time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Ta, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and control the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results. After the second preset heating time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb;

[0012] If T > Tb and Pa ≤ P < Pm, control the air damper to move in the direction of decreasing the air volume of the gas passage by a distance of L2. After the first preset cooling time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Tb, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and control the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results. After the first preset cooling time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb;

[0013] If T > Tb and Pm ≤ P ≤ Pb, then control the air damper to move in the direction of reducing the air volume in the gas passage by an amount L1. After the third preset temperature reduction time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Tb, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and control the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results. After the third preset temperature reduction time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb.

[0014] As described above, if T < Ta and Pa ≤ P < Pm, then control the air damper to move in the direction of increasing the air volume in the gas passage by an amount L1. After the first preset temperature increase time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Ta, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and control the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results. After the first preset temperature increase time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb. Specifically:

[0015] If T < Ta and Pa ≤ P < Pm, then control the air damper to move in the direction of increasing the air volume in the gas passage by an amount L1. After the first preset temperature increase time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Ta, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb.

[0016] If T < Ta and Pa ≤ P < Pm, then control the air damper to continue to move in the direction of increasing the air volume in the gas passage by an amount L1. After the first preset temperature increase time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Ta, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and control the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results. After the first preset temperature increase time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P < Pb.

[0017] As described above, if T < Ta and Pa ≤ P < Pm, then control the air damper to continue moving in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas passage by an amount L1. After the first preset heating-up time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Ta, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and control the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results. After the first preset heating-up time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P < Pb. Specifically:

[0018] If T < Ta and Pa ≤ P < Pm, then control the air damper to continue moving in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas passage by an amount L1. After the first preset heating-up time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Ta, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and control the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results. After the first preset heating-up time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results,

[0019] When the number of repetitions reaches the preset number, if T < Ta and Pa ≤ P < Pm, then control the air damper to move in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas passage by an amount L2. After the second preset heating-up time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Ta, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and control the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results. After the second preset heating-up time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P < Pb.

[0020] As described above, if T < Ta and Pm ≤ P ≤ Pb, then control the air damper to move in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas passage by an amount L2. After the second preset heating-up time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Ta, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and control the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results. After the second preset heating-up time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb. Specifically:

[0021] If T < Ta and Pm ≤ P ≤ Pb, then control the air damper to move in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas passage by an amount L2. After the second preset temperature rise time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Ta, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, and compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb.

[0022] If T < Ta and Pm ≤ P ≤ Pb, then control the air damper to continue moving in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas passage by an amount L2. After the second preset temperature rise time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Ta, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, and compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison results, control the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper. After the second preset temperature rise time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb.

[0023] As described above, if T < Ta and Pm ≤ P ≤ Pb, then control the air damper to continue moving in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas passage by an amount L2. After the second preset temperature rise time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Ta, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, and compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison results, control the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper. After the second preset temperature rise time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb. Specifically:

[0024] If T < Ta and Pm ≤ P ≤ Pb, then control the air damper to continue moving in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas passage by an amount L2. After the second preset temperature rise time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Ta, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, and compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison results, control the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper. After the second preset temperature rise time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results.

[0025] When the number of repetitions reaches the preset number, if T < Ta and Pm ≤ P ≤ Pb, then after the third preset temperature rise time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Ta, the real-time negative pressure P of the flue is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison results, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the third preset temperature rise time, the comparison of the real-time temperature T with Ta, the comparison of the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and the control of the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results are repeated until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb.

[0026] As described above, if T > Tb and Pa ≤ P < Pm, then control the air damper to move in the direction of reducing the air volume of the gas passage by an L2. After the first preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Tb, the real-time negative pressure P of the flue is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison results, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the first preset cooling time, the comparison of the real-time temperature T with Tb, the comparison of the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and the control of the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results are repeated until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb. Specifically:

[0027] If T > Tb and Pa ≤ P < Pm, then control the air damper to move in the direction of reducing the air volume of the gas passage by an L2. After the first preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Tb, the real-time negative pressure P of the flue is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb.

[0028] If T > Tb and Pa ≤ P < Pm, then control the air damper to continue to move in the direction of reducing the air volume of the gas passage by an L2. After the first preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Tb, the real-time negative pressure P of the flue is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison results, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the first preset cooling time, the comparison of the real-time temperature T with Tb, the comparison of the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and the control of the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results are repeated until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb.

[0029] As described above, if T > Tb and Pa ≤ P < Pm, then control the air damper to continue moving in the direction of reducing the air volume in the gas passage by an amount L2. After the first preset cooling time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Tb, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and control the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results. After the first preset cooling time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb. Specifically:

[0030] If T > Tb and Pa ≤ P < Pm, then control the air damper to continue moving in the direction of reducing the air volume in the gas passage by an amount L2. After the first preset cooling time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Tb, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and control the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results. After the first preset cooling time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results,

[0031] When the number of repetitions reaches the preset number, if T > Tb and Pa ≤ P < Pm, then after the second preset cooling time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Tb, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and control the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results. After the second preset cooling time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb.

[0032] As described above, if T > Tb and Pm ≤ P ≤ Pb, then control the air damper to move in the direction of reducing the air volume in the gas passage by an amount L1. After the third preset cooling time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Tb, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and control the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results. After the third preset cooling time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb. Specifically:

[0033] If T > Tb and Pm ≤ P ≤ Pb, then control the air damper to move in the direction of reducing the air volume in the gas passage by an amount L1. After the third preset cooling time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Ta, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, and compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb.

[0034] If T > Tb and Pm ≤ P ≤ Pb, then control the air damper to continue moving in the direction of reducing the air volume in the gas passage by an amount L1. After the third preset cooling time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Tb, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, and compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison results, control the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper. After the third preset cooling time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb.

[0035] As described above, if T > Tb and Pm ≤ P ≤ Pb, then control the air damper to continue moving in the direction of reducing the air volume in the gas passage by an amount L1. After the third preset cooling time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Tb, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, and compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison results, control the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper. After the third preset cooling time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb. Specifically:

[0036] If T > Tb and Pm ≤ P ≤ Pb, then control the air damper to continue moving in the direction of reducing the air volume in the gas passage by an amount L1. After the third preset cooling time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Tb, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, and compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison results, control the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper. After the third preset cooling time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results.

[0037] When the number of repetitions reaches the preset number, if T > Tb and Pm ≤ P ≤ Pb, control the air damper to move in the direction of reducing the air volume in the gas passage by an amount L2. After the first preset cooling time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Tb, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and according to the comparison results, control the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper. After the first preset cooling time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb.

[0038] Beneficial effects

[0039] In the present invention, a flue negative pressure control threshold is added in the preset flue negative pressure range. Taking this value as a reference, the flue negative pressure is monitored, and the movement of the air damper is controlled and adjusted to avoid excessive disturbance of the negative pressure. At the same time, for the comparison of the negative pressure with the control threshold, the air damper makes a reasonable moving distance each time, further controlling the air inlet and outlet volume, so as to "fine-tune" to achieve a reasonable combination and coordinated operation of the temperature in the preheating zone and the flue negative pressure at the same time, and then realize the volatilization in the predetermined area, rather than "exploding" as the calcined coke moves downward. Specific embodiments

[0040] The following embodiments are intended to illustrate the present invention, rather than further limiting the present invention.

[0041] Based on the petroleum coke calcination furnace device in the patent with the publication number CN117073395A (an efficient petroleum coke calcination furnace and its use method), the present invention provides a method for controlling petroleum coke calcination. By controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper, adjusting the air volume in the gas passage connected to the flue, to control the flue negative pressure and the temperature in the preheating zone, including the following steps:

[0042] S1: Obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone and the real-time negative pressure P of the flue.

[0043] Regarding the real-time temperature, it can be detected by a temperature measuring element, such as a thermocouple; the real-time negative pressure can be detected by a pressure detecting element, such as a pressure gauge. After the real-time temperature T and the real-time negative pressure P of the flue detected by the relevant elements are uploaded to the control system, the control system controls the relevant device, that is, the air damper, to regulate the temperature and negative pressure. Among them, the moving distance of the air damper can be detected by a displacement sensor.

[0044] S2: Preset the temperature range Ta - Tb in the preheating zone, the negative pressure range Pa - Pb in the flue, and set the control threshold Pm, where Pa < Pm < Pb. Preset the first moving distance L1 of the air damper and the second moving distance L2 of the air damper, with L2 < L1. Compare the real-time temperature T in the preheating zone with Ta and Tb, and compare the real-time negative pressure P in the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb.

[0045] In addition, the first preset heating time is less than the second preset heating time, and the second preset heating time is less than the third preset heating time; the first preset cooling time is less than the second preset cooling time, and the third preset cooling time is less than the first preset cooling time.

[0046] When using a pot-type calciner to calcine petroleum coke, volatile matter is the main source of fuel, air is a prerequisite for combustion, and fuel combustion drives the flue temperature to rise. The volatile matter rapidly heats up by absorbing the heat transferred from the flues on both sides of the tank wall in the preheating zone (above the second-layer flue). Therefore, by increasing the temperature of the first-layer and second-layer flues, the volatile matter can fully escape in the preheating zone to reduce the residual volatile matter in the calcined coke.

[0047] The volatile matter and air are forced to flow by the suction force generated by the negative pressure. Regarding the negative pressure, by using the blower and induced draft fan as the gas source, the negative pressure in the flue is adjusted through the gas channel to reach the set value. Therefore, the amount of air entering affects fuel combustion on the one hand and causes fluctuations in the flue negative pressure on the other hand. And the opening degree of the air damper controls the amount of air entering.

[0048] When the preheating zone is within the preset temperature range, whether the volatile matter can fully escape depends on whether the flue negative pressure is large enough. When the flue negative pressure meets the condition, the volatile matter enters the flue through the volatile matter channel.

[0049] However, when the real-time temperature is low, it is necessary to increase the amount of air entering to promote fuel combustion, raise the flue temperature, so that the volatile matter escapes in the preheating zone. At the same time, it is also necessary to control the flue negative pressure to prevent a large amount of air from entering and causing the negative pressure to be outside the preset flue negative pressure range.

[0050] In one case, if T < Ta and Pa ≤ P < Pm, control the air damper to move in the direction of increasing the air volume in the gas channel by a distance of L1. After the first preset heating time, obtain the real-time temperature T in the preheating zone again and compare it with Ta, obtain the real-time negative pressure P in the flue and compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison results, control the moving direction and distance of the air damper. After the first preset heating time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P in the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb. Specifically:

[0051] If T < Ta and Pa ≤ P < Pm, then control the air damper to move in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas passage by an amount L1, adjust the air volume of the gas passage to make the fuel in the flue burn, and the heat is transferred to the preheating zone through the flue wall. After the first preset heating time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Ta, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, and compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb.

[0052] If Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb, then do not move the air damper anymore. Under this condition, the volatile matter can escape sufficiently.

[0053] If T < Ta and Pa ≤ P < Pm, and the temperature requirement for the escape of volatile matter still cannot be met, then control the air damper to continue to move in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas passage by an amount L1. After the first preset heating time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Ta, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, and compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison results, control the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper. After the first preset heating time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P < Pb.

[0054] Furthermore, if T < Ta and Pa ≤ P < Pm, that is, when the temperature requirement for the escape of volatile matter still cannot be met, then control the air damper to continue to move in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas passage by an amount L1. After the first preset heating time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Ta, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, and compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison results, control the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper. After the first preset heating time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results.

[0055] When the number of repetitions reaches the preset number, if T < Ta and Pa ≤ P < Pm, then control the air damper to move in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas passage by an amount L2, adjust the air volume of the gas passage to make the fuel in the flue burn, and the heat is transferred to the preheating zone through the flue wall. After the second preset heating time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Ta, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, and compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison results, control the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper. After the second preset heating time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P < Pb.

[0056] The above situation is as follows: when the real-time temperature is less than the preset minimum temperature and the real-time negative pressure is less than the control threshold, the air intake required for fuel combustion is relatively large, and the air damper can move an appropriate distance each time to meet the coordinated control of negative pressure and temperature.

[0057] One situation is that if T < Ta and Pm ≤ P ≤ Pb, the air damper is controlled to move in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas passage by an L2. After the second preset temperature rise time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Ta, the real-time negative pressure P of the flue is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison results, the moving direction and distance of the air damper are controlled. After the second preset temperature rise time, the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results is repeated until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb. Specifically:

[0058] If T < Ta and Pm ≤ P ≤ Pb, the air damper is controlled to move in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas passage by an L2, and the air volume of the gas passage is increased to make the fuel in the flue burn. The heat is transferred to the preheating zone through the flue wall. After the second preset temperature rise time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Ta, the real-time negative pressure P of the flue is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb.

[0059] If Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb, the air damper is not moved anymore. Under this condition, the volatile matter can escape sufficiently.

[0060] If T < Ta and Pm ≤ P ≤ Pb, the air damper is controlled to continue to move in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas passage by an L2. After the second preset temperature rise time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Ta, the real-time negative pressure P of the flue is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison results, the moving direction and distance of the air damper are controlled. After the second preset temperature rise time, the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results is repeated until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb.

[0061] Furthermore, if T < Ta and Pm ≤ P ≤ Pb, the air damper is controlled to continue to move in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas passage by an L2. After the second preset temperature rise time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Ta, the real-time negative pressure P of the flue is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison results, the moving direction and distance of the air damper are controlled. After the second preset temperature rise time, the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results is repeated.

[0062] When the number of repetitions reaches the preset number, if T < Ta and Pm ≤ P ≤ Pb, the air damper remains in its current state. After the third preset temperature increase time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Ta, the real-time negative pressure P of the flue is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison results, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the third preset temperature increase time, the comparison of the real-time temperature T with Ta, the comparison of the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and the control of the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results are repeated until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb. That is to say, when the number of repetitions reaches the preset number, if T < Ta and Pm ≤ P ≤ Pb, the air damper is no longer moved, only the temperature increase time is extended, and the real-time temperature T and the real-time negative pressure P of the flue are monitored.

[0063] The above situation is: when the real-time temperature is less than the minimum value of the preset temperature and the real-time negative pressure is not less than the control threshold, although the air intake required for fuel combustion is large, the negative pressure value of the flue is relatively high at this time. Therefore, the moving distance of the air damper each time needs to be adapted to meet the coordinated control of the negative pressure and temperature.

[0064] In one case, if T > Tb and Pa ≤ P < Pm, the air damper is controlled to move in the direction of reducing the air volume of the gas passage by an L2. After the first preset temperature decrease time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Tb, the real-time negative pressure P of the flue is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison results, the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper are controlled. After the first preset temperature decrease time, the comparison of the real-time temperature T with Tb, the comparison of the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and the control of the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results are repeated until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb. Specifically:

[0065] If T > Tb and Pa ≤ P < Pm, the air damper is controlled to move in the direction of reducing the air volume of the gas passage by an L2, reducing the heat transferred from the flue to the preheating zone. After the first preset temperature decrease time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Tb, the real-time negative pressure P of the flue is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb.

[0066] If Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb, the air damper is no longer moved. Under this condition, the volatile matter can escape sufficiently.

[0067] If T > Tb and Pa ≤ P < Pm, then control the air damper to continue moving in the direction of reducing the air volume in the gas passage by an amount L2, reducing the heat transferred from the flue to the preheating zone. After the first preset cooling time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Tb, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and according to the comparison results, control the moving direction and distance of the air damper. After the first preset cooling time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb.

[0068] Further, if T > Tb and Pa ≤ P < Pm, then control the air damper to continue moving in the direction of reducing the air volume in the gas passage by an amount L2. After the first preset cooling time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Tb, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and according to the comparison results, control the moving direction and distance of the air damper. After the first preset cooling time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results.

[0069] When the number of repetitions reaches the preset number, if T > Tb and Pa ≤ P < Pm, then after the second preset cooling time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Tb, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and according to the comparison results, control the moving direction and distance of the air damper. After the second preset cooling time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb. That is to say, when the number of repetitions reaches the preset number, if T > Tb and Pa ≤ P < Pm, then do not move the air damper any more, only extend the cooling time, and monitor the real-time temperature T and the real-time negative pressure P of the flue.

[0070] The above situation is: when the real-time temperature is greater than the maximum preset temperature, the air intake required for fuel combustion needs to be reduced to meet the combustion temperature requirement at this time. At the same time, the real-time negative pressure is less than the control threshold. Therefore, the moving distance of the opening and closing degree of the air damper needs to be appropriate each time to reasonably control the air volume, so that the real-time temperature can be reduced, and thus ensure that the volatile matter fully enters the flue.

[0071] In one case, if T > Tb and Pm ≤ P ≤ Pb, the air damper is controlled to move in the direction of reducing the air volume in the gas passage by an amount L1. After the third preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Tb, and the real-time negative pressure P of the flue is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison results, the moving direction and distance of the air damper are controlled. After the third preset cooling time, the comparison of the real-time temperature T with Tb, the comparison of the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and the control of the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results are repeated until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb. Specifically:

[0072] If T > Tb and Pm ≤ P ≤ Pb, the air damper is controlled to move in the direction of reducing the air volume in the gas passage by an amount L1, reducing the heat transferred from the flue to the preheating zone. After the third preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Ta, and the real-time negative pressure P of the flue is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb.

[0073] If Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb, the air damper is not moved, and under this condition, the volatile matter can escape fully;

[0074] If T > Tb and Pm ≤ P ≤ Pb, the air damper is controlled to continue to move in the direction of reducing the air volume in the gas passage by an amount L1, reducing the heat transferred from the flue to the preheating zone. After the third preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Tb, and the real-time negative pressure P of the flue is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison results, the moving direction and distance of the air damper are controlled. After the third preset cooling time, the comparison of the real-time temperature T with Tb, the comparison of the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and the control of the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results are repeated until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb.

[0075] Furthermore, if T > Tb and Pm ≤ P ≤ Pb, the air damper is controlled to continue to move in the direction of reducing the air volume in the gas passage by an amount L1. After the third preset cooling time, the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone is obtained again and compared with Tb, and the real-time negative pressure P of the flue is obtained and compared with Pa, Pm, and Pb. According to the comparison results, the moving direction and distance of the air damper are controlled. After the third preset cooling time, the comparison of the real-time temperature T with Tb, the comparison of the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and the control of the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results are repeated.

[0076] When the number of repetitions reaches the preset number, if T > Tb and Pm ≤ P ≤ Pb, control the air damper to move in the direction of reducing the air volume in the gas passage by an amount L2. After the first preset cooling time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Tb, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and according to the comparison results, control the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper. After the first preset cooling time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb.

[0077] Similarly, the above situation is as follows: when the real-time temperature is greater than the maximum preset temperature, the air intake required for fuel combustion needs to be reduced to meet the combustion temperature requirement at this time. At the same time, the real-time negative pressure is not less than the control threshold. Therefore, the opening degree of the air damper also needs to be adjusted appropriately each time to avoid blindly reducing the temperature while causing the flue negative pressure to exceed the preset flue negative pressure range.

[0078] In the present invention, a flue negative pressure control threshold is added to the preset flue negative pressure range. Taking this value as a reference, the flue negative pressure is monitored, and the movement of the air damper is controlled and adjusted to avoid excessive disturbance of the negative pressure. At the same time, for the comparison of the negative pressure with the control threshold, the air damper makes a reasonable moving distance each time to further control the air intake and output, so as to "fine-tune" and simultaneously achieve the reasonable matching and coordinated operation of the preheating zone temperature and the flue negative pressure, and then realize the escape of volatile components in a predetermined area, rather than "exploding" as the calcined coke moves downward.

Claims

1. A method for controlling petroleum coke calcination, characterized in that By controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper, adjusting the air volume of the gas passage connected to the flue, and controlling the negative pressure of the flue and the temperature in the preheating zone, the method includes the following steps: S1: Obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone and the real-time negative pressure P of the flue; S2: Preset the temperature range Ta - Tb of the preheating zone, preset the negative pressure range Pa - Pb of the flue, set the control threshold Pm, where Pa < Pm < Pb, preset the first moving distance L1 of the air damper, preset the second moving distance L2 of the air damper, L2 < L1, compare the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone with Ta and Tb, and compare the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb; If T < Ta and Pa ≤ P < Pm, control the air damper to move in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas passage by a distance of L1. After the first preset temperature increase time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Ta, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and control the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results. After the first preset temperature increase time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb; If T < Ta and Pm ≤ P ≤ Pb, control the air damper to move in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas passage by a distance of L2. After the second preset temperature increase time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Ta, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and control the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results. After the second preset temperature increase time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb; If T > Tb and Pa ≤ P < Pm, control the air damper to move in the direction of decreasing the air volume of the gas passage by a distance of L2. After the first preset temperature decrease time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Tb, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and control the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results. After the first preset temperature decrease time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb; If T > Tb and Pm ≤ P ≤ Pb, then control the air damper to move in the direction of reducing the air volume in the gas passage by an amount L1. After the third preset temperature reduction time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Tb, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and according to the comparison results, control the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper. After the third preset temperature reduction time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb.

2. The petroleum coke calcination control method according to claim 1, wherein As described above, if T < Ta and Pa ≤ P < Pm, then control the air damper to move in the direction of increasing the air volume in the gas passage by an amount L1. After the first preset temperature increase time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Ta, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and according to the comparison results, control the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper. After the first preset temperature increase time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb. Specifically: If T < Ta and Pa ≤ P < Pm, then control the air damper to move in the direction of increasing the air volume in the gas passage by an amount L1. After the first preset temperature increase time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Ta, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb. If T < Ta and Pa ≤ P < Pm, then control the air damper to continue to move in the direction of increasing the air volume in the gas passage by an amount L1. After the first preset temperature increase time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Ta, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and according to the comparison results, control the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper. After the first preset temperature increase time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P < Pb.

3. The petroleum coke calcination control method according to claim 2, wherein, As described above, if T < Ta and Pa ≤ P < Pm, then control the air damper to continue to move in the direction of increasing the air volume in the gas passage by an amount L1. After the first preset temperature increase time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Ta, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and according to the comparison results, control the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper. After the first preset temperature increase time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P < Pb. Specifically: If T < Ta and Pa ≤ P < Pm, then control the air damper to continue moving in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas passage by a distance of L1. After the first preset temperature rise time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Ta, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and control the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results. After the first preset temperature rise time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results. When the number of repetitions reaches the preset number, if T < Ta and Pa ≤ P < Pm, then control the air damper to move in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas passage by a distance of L2. After the second preset temperature rise time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Ta, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and control the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results. After the second preset temperature rise time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P < Pb.

4. The petroleum coke calcination control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, As described above, if T < Ta and Pm ≤ P ≤ Pb, then control the air damper to move in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas passage by a distance of L2. After the second preset temperature rise time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Ta, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and control the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results. After the second preset temperature rise time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb. Specifically: If T < Ta and Pm ≤ P ≤ Pb, then control the air damper to move in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas passage by a distance of L2. After the second preset temperature rise time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Ta, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb. If T < Ta and Pm ≤ P ≤ Pb, then control the air damper to continue moving in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas passage by a distance of L2. After the second preset temperature rise time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Ta, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and control the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results. After the second preset temperature rise time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb.

5. The petroleum coke calcination control method according to claim 4, characterized in that, As described above, if T < Ta and Pm ≤ P ≤ Pb, then control the air damper to continue moving in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas passage by an amount L2. After the second preset heating-up time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Ta, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and control the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results. After the second preset heating-up time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb. Specifically: If T < Ta and Pm ≤ P ≤ Pb, then control the air damper to continue moving in the direction of increasing the air volume of the gas passage by an amount L2. After the second preset heating-up time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Ta, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and control the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results. After the second preset heating-up time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results, When the number of repetitions reaches the preset number, if T < Ta and Pm ≤ P ≤ Pb, then after the third preset heating-up time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Ta, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and control the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results. After the third preset heating-up time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Ta, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb.

6. The petroleum coke calcination control method according to claim 1, characterized in that As described above, if T > Tb and Pa ≤ P < Pm, then control the air damper to move in the direction of reducing the air volume of the gas passage by an amount L2. After the first preset cooling-down time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Tb, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and control the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results. After the first preset cooling-down time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb. Specifically: If T > Tb and Pa ≤ P < Pm, then control the air damper to move in the direction of reducing the air volume of the gas passage by an amount L2. After the first preset cooling-down time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Tb, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, If T > Tb and Pa ≤ P < Pm, then control the air damper to continue moving in the direction of reducing the air volume in the gas passage by an amount L2. After the first preset cooling time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Tb, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and control the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results. After the first preset cooling time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb.

7. The petroleum coke calcination control method according to claim 6, characterized in that, As described above, if T > Tb and Pa ≤ P < Pm, then control the air damper to continue moving in the direction of reducing the air volume in the gas passage by an amount L2. After the first preset cooling time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Tb, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and control the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results. After the first preset cooling time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb. Specifically: If T > Tb and Pa ≤ P < Pm, then control the air damper to continue moving in the direction of reducing the air volume in the gas passage by an amount L2. After the first preset cooling time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Tb, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and control the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results. After the first preset cooling time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results. When the number of repetitions reaches the preset number, if T > Tb and Pa ≤ P < Pm, then after the second preset cooling time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Tb, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and control the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results. After the second preset cooling time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb.

8. The petroleum coke calcination control method according to claim 1, wherein As described above, if T > Tb and Pm ≤ P ≤ Pb, then control the air damper to move in the direction of reducing the air volume in the gas passage by an amount L1. After the third preset cooling time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Tb, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and according to the comparison results, control the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper. After the third preset cooling time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb. Specifically: If T > Tb and Pm ≤ P ≤ Pb, then control the air damper to move in the direction of reducing the air volume in the gas passage by an amount L1. After the third preset cooling time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Ta, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, If T > Tb and Pm ≤ P ≤ Pb, then control the air damper to continue moving in the direction of reducing the air volume in the gas passage by an amount L1. After the third preset cooling time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Tb, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and according to the comparison results, control the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper. After the third preset cooling time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb.

9. The petroleum coke calcination control method according to claim 8, wherein, As described above, if T > Tb and Pm ≤ P ≤ Pb, then control the air damper to continue moving in the direction of reducing the air volume in the gas passage by an amount L1. After the third preset cooling time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Tb, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and according to the comparison results, control the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper. After the third preset cooling time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb. Specifically: If T > Tb and Pm ≤ P ≤ Pb, then control the air damper to continue moving in the direction of reducing the air volume in the gas passage by an amount L1. After the third preset cooling time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Tb, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and according to the comparison results, control the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper. After the third preset cooling time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results, When the number of repetitions reaches the preset number, if T > Tb and Pm ≤ P ≤ Pb, control the air damper to move in the direction of reducing the air volume in the gas passage by an amount L2. After the first preset cooling time, obtain the real-time temperature T of the preheating zone again, compare it with Tb, obtain the real-time negative pressure P of the flue, compare it with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and according to the comparison results, control the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper. After the first preset cooling time, repeat the process of comparing the real-time temperature T with Tb, comparing the real-time negative pressure P of the flue with Pa, Pm, and Pb, and controlling the moving direction and moving distance of the air damper according to the comparison results until Ta ≤ T ≤ Tb and Pa ≤ P ≤ Pb.