Acoustic-electric transducer and noise collection system

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses an acoustoelectric transducer and a noise collection system, the acoustoelectric transducer comprises a shell, the shell comprises a containing cavity and a moving coil microphone, the moving coil microphone is arranged in the containing cavity and comprises a vibrating diaphragm assembly, a coil assembly and a magnetic assembly, the coil assembly is fixedly connected with the vibrating diaphragm assembly, and the magnetic assembly is arranged in the containing cavity. The vibrating diaphragm assembly is located in a magnetic field generated by the magnetic assembly, and the vibrating diaphragm assembly is pushed by a sound medium to move to drive the coil assembly to cut magnetic lines of force of the magnetic field to generate a first electric signal; and the storage battery is used for generating a second electric signal through an internal electric polarization phenomenon and outputting the second electric signal to the storage battery for storage. Therefore, noise in the environment can be reduced, and effective conversion from sound energy to electric energy is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of transducers, and in particular to an acoustic-electric transducer and a noise collection system. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of modern industrialized society, energy demand has increased dramatically, leading to an increasingly prominent energy crisis. At the same time, noise pollution, as a byproduct of the industrialization process, poses a significant threat to people's daily lives and physical health. Noise not only interferes with people's normal work and rest, but may also cause a series of health problems, such as hearing loss and increased psychological stress. The sources of noise are extremely wide, covering many fields such as industry, transportation, and life. Among them, machine noise, traffic noise, fan noise, and exhaust noise are particularly common and often have high decibel values. However, it is worth noting that these noises, which are regarded as pollution sources, actually contain huge energy potential. If this part of energy can be effectively recycled and utilized, it can not only reduce the noise in the environment, but also achieve effective conversion of sound energy to electrical energy. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, an embodiment of the present invention provides an acoustic-electric transducer and a noise collection system, which can reduce noise in the environment and achieve effective conversion of acoustic energy into electrical energy.

[0004] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an acoustic-electric transducer, the acoustic-electric transducer comprising:

[0005] A housing, comprising a receiving chamber;

[0006] A dynamic microphone is arranged in the accommodating cavity, comprising a diaphragm assembly, a coil assembly and a magnetic assembly, wherein the coil assembly is fixedly connected to the diaphragm assembly, the coil assembly and the diaphragm assembly are located in a magnetic field generated by the magnetic assembly, and the diaphragm assembly moves under the external force of the acoustic medium, driving the coil assembly to cut the magnetic field lines of the magnetic field to generate a first electrical signal;

[0007] The piezoelectric converter is arranged at the top of the accommodating cavity, and is used to generate a second electrical signal through internal polarization phenomenon when subjected to external force and output the second electrical signal to the battery for storage.

[0008] In some embodiments, the diaphragm assembly includes an arc-shaped portion and a connecting portion, the vertical cross-section of the arc-shaped portion is an arc-shaped structure, and the arc-shaped portion extends in all directions along the vertical plane direction to form the connecting portion.

[0009] In some embodiments, the coil assembly includes a connecting frame and a coil, the coil is wound around one end of the connecting frame and extends into the interior of the magnetic assembly, and the other end of the connecting frame is connected to the diaphragm assembly.

[0010] In some embodiments, the magnetic assembly includes side magnets and a center magnet, the side magnets are provided with vertically downward grooves, the center magnet is arranged inside the grooves of the side magnets and forms a magnetic gap with the side magnets, and the coil is located inside the magnetic gap.

[0011] In some embodiments, the acoustic-electric transducer further comprises a support frame, a top of the support frame is connected to the edge magnet, and a bottom of the support frame is connected to an edge of the connecting portion.

[0012] In some embodiments, a vibration connector is internally connected to the support frame, and the vibration connector is connected to the connection skeleton.

[0013] In some embodiments, the support frame is externally connected to a terminal, and the terminal is used to output the first electrical signal, and the first electrical signal is used to analyze the relationship between the frequency of the noise signal and the resonant frequency of the acoustic-electric transducer.

[0014] In some embodiments, the shell further includes a vent hole, and the vent hole is arranged on the side of the shell to connect the shell with the outside.

[0015] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a noise collection system, the system comprising:

[0016] A plurality of acoustic-electric transducers, the acoustic-electric transducers comprising: a housing; a dynamic microphone, comprising a diaphragm assembly, a coil assembly and a magnetic assembly, the coil assembly being fixedly connected to the diaphragm assembly and being located in a magnetic field generated by the magnetic assembly, the diaphragm assembly moving under the impetus of an acoustic medium, driving the coil assembly to cut the magnetic field lines of the magnetic field to generate a first electrical signal; a piezoelectric converter, arranged on the top of the housing, for generating a second electrical signal through an internal electric polarization phenomenon;

[0017] a DC-AC converter, used for converting the second electrical signal from DC to AC;

[0018] A voltage transformer, used for adjusting the voltage value of the second electrical signal;

[0019] A storage battery is used to receive and store the second electrical signal.

[0020] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a testing device, comprising: a noise generator, a sound pressure meter, a detection microphone, an acoustic-electric transducer, an electrical signal analysis system and an electric energy collection system, wherein the detection microphone is located directly in front of the diaphragm of the acoustic-electric transducer, and the acoustic-electric transducer comprises: a shell; a dynamic microphone, comprising a diaphragm assembly, a coil assembly and a magnetic assembly, wherein the coil assembly is fixedly connected to the diaphragm assembly and is located in a magnetic field generated by the magnetic assembly, wherein the diaphragm assembly moves under the push of an acoustic medium, driving the coil assembly to cut the magnetic lines of force of the magnetic field to generate a first electrical signal; a piezoelectric converter, disposed on the top of the shell, for generating a second electrical signal through internal electric polarization.

[0021] In some embodiments, the sound pressure meter is connected to the detection microphone, the detection microphone is used to detect the sound pressure intensity of the noise source, and the sound pressure meter is used to obtain the sound pressure intensity to analyze the sound characteristics of the noise source.

[0022] In some embodiments, the electrical signal analysis system is connected to terminals on both sides of the coil of the acoustic-electric transducer via wires, and the electrical signal analysis system is used to obtain a first electrical signal generated by the coil, and the electrical signal analysis system is used to obtain the frequency of the noise signal based on the first electrical signal.

[0023] In some embodiments, the electrical signal analysis system is used to obtain the resonant frequency of the acoustic-electric transducer by connecting terminals on both sides of the coil of the acoustic-electric transducer through wires, and analyze the change in the resonant frequency of the acoustic-electric resonant transducer at different noise frequencies based on the frequency of the noise signal and the resonant frequency of the acoustic-electric resonant transducer.

[0024] The acoustic-electric transducer of the embodiment of the present invention comprises a shell, the shell comprises a receiving cavity, a dynamic microphone, which is arranged in the receiving cavity, and comprises a diaphragm assembly, a coil assembly and a magnetic assembly, the coil assembly is fixedly connected to the diaphragm assembly, and is located in the magnetic field generated by the magnetic assembly, the diaphragm assembly moves under the impetus of the acoustic medium, and drives the coil assembly to cut the magnetic lines of force of the magnetic field to generate a first electric signal, and a piezoelectric converter is arranged at the top of the receiving cavity, and is used to generate a second electric signal through internal electric polarization phenomenon and output the second electric signal to a battery for storage. This can reduce the noise in the environment and realize the effective conversion of sound energy to electric energy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent through the following description of the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0026] Figure 1 is a side view of the three-dimensional structure of the acoustic-electric converter according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional structure of the acoustic-electric converter according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional structure of a dynamic microphone according to an embodiment of the present invention

[0029] Figure 4 is a side view of the three-dimensional structure of a dynamic microphone according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 is a bottom view of the three-dimensional structure of a dynamic microphone according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 is a side view of the three-dimensional structure of the support frame according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a test system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 is a functional schematic diagram of an electrical signal analysis system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a noise collection system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Fig.10 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The present application is described below based on embodiments, but the present application is not limited to these embodiments. In the detailed description of the present application below, some specific details are described in detail. It is possible for those skilled in the art to fully understand the present application without the description of these details. In order to avoid confusing the essence of the present application, known methods, processes, flows, components and circuits are not described in detail.

[0037] In addition, persons of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the drawings provided herein are for illustration purposes and are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0038] Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, the words "include", "comprising" and similar words throughout the application should be interpreted as including rather than exclusive or exhaustive; that is, the meaning is "including but not limited to".

[0039] When an element or layer is referred to as being “on,” “engaged to,” “connected to” or “coupled to” another element or layer, it may be directly on, engaged to, connected to or coupled to the other element or layer, or intervening elements or layers may be present.

[0040] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, in the description of this application, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more.

[0041] Figure 1-Figure 2 It is a side view and a cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional structure of the acoustic-electric converter according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3-Figure 5 1 and 2 are a sectional view, a side view and a bottom view of the three-dimensional structure of a dynamic microphone according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 It is a side view of the three-dimensional structure of the support frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Reference Figure 1-Figure 6 The acoustic-electric converter of the embodiment of the present invention comprises a piezoelectric converter 100, a housing 200, a dynamic microphone 300 and the housing 200. The housing 200 is configured as a cylindrical structure and is provided with a vent hole 400 on the side. The vent hole 400 is provided on the side of the housing to connect the housing with the outside. The piezoelectric converter 100 comprises a piezoelectric layer 110 and a metal sheet 120. The piezoelectric layer 110 is provided on the metal sheet 120. The metal sheet 120 and the piezoelectric layer 110 are tightly bonded by strong glue or AB glue to ensure good contact and vibration transmission between the metal sheet 120 and the piezoelectric layer 110. The cavity between the metal sheet 120 and the connecting portion 312 of the dynamic microphone 300 is the accommodating cavity of the housing 200. The dynamic microphone 300 is provided in the accommodating cavity. The metal sheet 120 and the housing 200 can be sealed by AB glue to ensure airtight sealing.

[0043] The shell 200 can be configured as a Helmholtz resonator, which is a closed container composed of a narrow tube and a cavity, and is connected to the outside atmosphere through a small opening. When there is noise from the outside, the air in the open tube and near the tube mouth vibrates with the sound waves, the air pressure in the cavity also changes with the expansion and contraction of the air, and the air in the cavity also vibrates with the sound waves. Therefore, when there is a noise source outside the shell 200, the air in the vent 400 and near the vent 400 vibrates with the noise source, and the air inside the shell 200 also vibrates accordingly.

[0044] In this embodiment, the piezoelectric converter 100 is disposed on the top of the housing 200, ensuring that when the air in the housing 200 produces pressure changes due to sound wave vibration, it can directly act on the sensitive element of the piezoelectric converter 100. The piezoelectric material commonly used in the piezoelectric converter 100 is PbZr 0.52 Ti 0.48O3 (a ferroelectric material) has a high piezoelectric constant and can generate a large amount of charge when subjected to external force. When the frequency of the external sound wave matches the frequency of the air vibration in the shell 200, resonance occurs, and the sound waves are repeatedly reflected in the shell 200 and reinforce each other, resulting in a significant increase in the pressure and vibration amplitude of the shell 200. When the shell 200 resonates, the air vibration causes the piezoelectric crystal to deform, and polarization occurs inside it. At the same time, opposite positive and negative charges appear on its two opposite surfaces to generate a second electrical signal, that is, the conversion of sound energy to electrical energy is achieved through the piezoelectric effect. At the same time, the generated second electrical signal is sent to the battery for storage through the terminal connection wire of the piezoelectric converter 100.

[0045] The piezoelectric converter 100 achieves the conversion of sound energy into electrical energy by utilizing the piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric materials and the resonance phenomenon of the shell. When the frequency of the external sound wave matches the frequency of the air vibration inside the shell, a resonance phenomenon occurs, which enhances the effect of the sound wave on the piezoelectric crystal. When the piezoelectric crystal is deformed by the sound wave, it will generate positive and negative opposite charges and form an electrical signal through the external circuit.

[0046] In this embodiment, the working principle of the dynamic microphone is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. The sound wave is incident on the diaphragm to cause vibration, the diaphragm drives the coil to move in the magnetic field, and the coil cuts the magnetic lines of force to generate an electrical signal. The size of this electrical signal is proportional to the sound pressure of the incident sound wave, so it can be used to represent the intensity and frequency characteristics of the sound. This conversion process enables the dynamic microphone to convert the sound signal into an electrical signal.

[0047] Specifically, the dynamic microphone 300 is an electromagnetic transducer element based on Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, and the dynamic microphone 300 includes a diaphragm assembly 310, a coil assembly 320 and a magnetic assembly 330. The diaphragm assembly 310 includes an arc-shaped portion 311 and a connecting portion 312, the vertical cross-section of the arc-shaped portion 311 is an arc-shaped structure, and the arc-shaped portion 311 extends in all directions along the vertical plane direction to form the connecting portion 312. The arc-shaped portion 311 is used to effectively receive and convert sound waves into mechanical vibrations. The connecting portion 312 extends in all directions from the arc-shaped portion 311 in the vertical plane direction to form a conical structure, one side of the connecting portion 312 is a free end, and the other side is connected to the connecting frame 322 of the coil assembly. The connecting portion 312 ensures that the vibration of the diaphragm assembly can be smoothly transmitted to the coil assembly. The coil assembly 320 includes a connecting frame 322 and a coil 321, and the coil 321 is tightly wound on the connecting frame 322. The coil 321 is located in the magnetic gap of the magnetic component. When the diaphragm assembly vibrates, the coil 321 will cut the magnetic lines of force in the magnetic field. The connecting frame 322 is used to support the coil 321 and ensure that the coil can vibrate stably in the magnetic gap. One end of the connecting frame 322 is connected to the coil 321, and the other end of the connecting frame 322 is connected to the diaphragm assembly 310. The magnetic component 330 includes a side magnet 332 and a center magnet 331. The side magnet 332 is provided with a vertically downward groove. The center magnet 331 is arranged inside the groove of the side magnet 332 and forms a magnetic gap with the side magnet 332. The coil 321 is located inside the magnetic gap. Specifically, the side magnets 332 are arranged around the center magnet 331 to form a magnetic gap together. This magnetic gap is the key area where the coil 321 can cut the magnetic lines of force and generate electrical signals. The diaphragm assembly 310 is located in the magnetic field generated by the magnetic assembly 330 . The diaphragm assembly 310 moves under the external force of the acoustic medium, driving the coil assembly 320 to cut the magnetic lines of force of the magnetic field to generate a first electrical signal.

[0048] Specifically, when a sound wave of a certain frequency is incident on the diaphragm assembly 310 of the dynamic microphone 300 of the acoustic-electric converter, the diaphragm assembly 310 drives the coil 321 located in the magnetic field formed by the magnetic assembly 330 to move together. The rate at which the coil 321 cuts the magnetic lines of force is determined by the vibration speed and amplitude of the diaphragm, and the vibration of the diaphragm is determined by the sound pressure of the incident sound wave. When the coil 321 vibrates in the magnetic field, an electrical signal is generated at both ends of the coil assembly 320, and the magnitude of this electrical signal is proportional to the sound pressure of the incident sound wave. That is, the greater the pressure of the sound wave, the greater the amplitude and speed of the diaphragm vibration, the faster the rate at which the coil cuts the magnetic lines of force, and the larger the electrical signal generated. Therefore, according to the principle of electromagnetic induction, when the diaphragm assembly 310 vibrates, a first electrical signal output is generated at both ends of the coil assembly 320, and the first electrical signal can be obtained by the following formula:

[0049] E=BLV

[0050] Wherein, E is the first electrical signal, B is the magnetic field strength, L is the length of the coil 321 , and V is the vibration speed of the coil 321 .

[0051] At the same time, the acoustic-electric converter is also provided with a support frame 600, and the top of the support frame 600 can be connected to the side magnet 332 of the magnetic assembly 330 by screws, welding or other fastening methods to ensure that the support frame 600 can stably support the magnetic assembly 330. The bottom of the support frame 600 is connected to the edge of the connecting portion 312 of the diaphragm assembly 310 and the bottom of the housing 200 to ensure that the diaphragm assembly 310 can smoothly transmit the vibration to the support frame 600 when receiving the sound wave vibration, thereby driving the coil assembly 320 to vibrate. At the same time, the support frame 600 is provided with an opening, and a vibration connector 610 is also connected inside it. One end of the vibration connector 610 is connected to the side of the connecting frame 322 of the coil assembly 320. When the air inside the housing 200 vibrates, the vibration connector 610 will also vibrate. Since one end of the vibration connector 610 is connected to the connecting frame 322, the connecting frame 322 can drive the coil 321 wound on the connecting frame 322 to vibrate together.

[0052] Therefore, when the sound wave is incident on the diaphragm assembly 310 of the dynamic microphone 300 of the acoustic-electric converter, the diaphragm assembly 310 drives the coil 321 located in the magnetic field formed by the magnetic assembly 330 to vibrate together. At the same time, the air in the shell 200 vibrates due to the vibration of the sound wave around the vent 400 of the shell 200, and the vibration connector 610 also vibrates accordingly, driving the coil 321 wound on the connecting frame 322 to start vibrating. When the two vibrations reach resonance, the coil 321 cuts the magnetic lines of force and vibrates at the highest frequency in the magnetic field formed by the magnetic assembly 330, generating a first electrical signal. The dynamic microphone 300 outputs the first electrical signal by connecting the wire 500 led out of the connecting frame 322 to the terminal 620 set on the side of the support frame 600. The first electrical signal is used to analyze the relationship between the frequency of the noise signal and the resonant frequency of the acoustic-electric transducer.

[0053] In this embodiment, when sound waves are incident on the acoustoelectric converter, the diaphragm assembly 310 of the dynamic microphone 300 will first be vibrated. The vibration of the diaphragm assembly 310 drives the coil 321 to move in the magnetic field formed by the magnetic assembly 330, cutting the magnetic lines of force to generate a first electrical signal. At the same time, the sound waves will also enter the interior of the shell 200 through the vent 400, causing the air in the shell to vibrate. When the frequency of the external sound wave matches the resonant frequency of the shell 200, the piezoelectric converter 100 will generate a second electrical signal. These two electrical signals represent different characteristics of the sound wave, which can be used to analyze the relationship between the frequency of the noise signal and the resonant frequency of the acoustoelectric transducer.

[0054] The acoustic-electric transducer of the embodiment of the present invention comprises a shell, the shell comprises a receiving cavity, a dynamic microphone, which is arranged in the receiving cavity, and comprises a diaphragm assembly, a coil assembly and a magnetic assembly, the coil assembly is fixedly connected to the diaphragm assembly, and is located in the magnetic field generated by the magnetic assembly, the diaphragm assembly moves under the impetus of the acoustic medium, and drives the coil assembly to cut the magnetic lines of force of the magnetic field to generate a first electric signal, and a piezoelectric converter is arranged at the top of the receiving cavity, and is used to generate a second electric signal through internal electric polarization phenomenon and output the second electric signal to a battery for storage. This can reduce the noise in the environment and realize the effective conversion of sound energy to electric energy.

[0055] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of a test system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 The test system shown includes a sound box 11, a detection microphone 12, an acoustic-electric transducer 13, an electrical signal analysis system 14 and an electric energy collection system 15. In order to facilitate the analysis of the accuracy of the entire test device and not be interfered by other factors, the test environment of the test device can be carried out in an anechoic chamber.

[0056] Specifically, the speaker 11 can be connected to a noise generator, which provides a sound source similar to environmental noise and controls the input of the noise source. In the anechoic chamber, the speaker 11 emits a noise source to simulate environmental noise.

[0057] The detection microphone 12 is arranged in front of the diaphragm assembly of the dynamic microphone of the acoustic-electric transducer. In order to facilitate the analysis and detection of the acoustic characteristics of the noise, the detection microphone 12 can be connected to a sound pressure meter, and the sound pressure meter is used to obtain the sound pressure intensity of the noise detected by the detection microphone 12, that is, the loudness or amplitude of the noise. Or an acoustic test system is used to detect the frequency range of the noise. Specifically, the sound pressure meter receives the sound wave through the detection microphone and converts it into an electrical signal, processes the electrical signal, and calculates the sound pressure intensity of the noise. The measurement result of the sound pressure intensity can be used to evaluate the environmental noise level and determine the strength of the noise source, thereby optimizing the efficiency of sound energy collection.

[0058] When the incident light is incident on the diaphragm assembly 310 of the dynamic microphone 300 of the acoustic-electric transducer 13, the diaphragm assembly 310 drives the coil 321 located in the magnetic field formed by the magnetic assembly 330 to vibrate together, and the air in the housing 200 also vibrates along with the vibration of the noise source, and the vibration connector 610 also vibrates accordingly, driving the coil 321 wound on the connecting frame 322 to start vibrating. When the two vibrations reach resonance, the coil 321 cuts the magnetic lines of force and vibrates at the highest frequency in the magnetic field formed by the magnetic assembly 330, generating a first electrical signal. The acoustic-electric transducer 13 outputs the first electrical signal to the electrical signal analysis system 14 by connecting the wire 500 led out from the connecting frame 322 of the dynamic microphone 300 to the terminal 620 set on the side of the support frame 600.

[0059] In this embodiment, the signal analysis system can monitor and analyze the electrical signal in real time, and can also determine the resonant frequency and the best efficiency operating point of the acoustic-to-electric transducer through spectrum analysis and impedance curve measurement, thereby optimizing the acoustic-to-electric conversion efficiency.

[0060] The acoustic-electric transducer of the embodiment of the present invention comprises a shell, the shell comprises a receiving cavity, a dynamic microphone, which is arranged in the receiving cavity, and comprises a diaphragm assembly, a coil assembly and a magnetic assembly, the coil assembly is fixedly connected to the diaphragm assembly, and is located in the magnetic field generated by the magnetic assembly, the diaphragm assembly moves under the impetus of the acoustic medium, and drives the coil assembly to cut the magnetic lines of force of the magnetic field to generate a first electric signal, and a piezoelectric converter is arranged at the top of the receiving cavity, and is used to generate a second electric signal through internal electric polarization phenomenon and output the second electric signal to a battery for storage. This can reduce the noise in the environment and realize the effective conversion of sound energy to electric energy.

[0061] Figure 8 1 is a functional schematic diagram of an electrical signal analysis system of an embodiment of the present invention. The electrical signal analysis system 14 is an advanced device for observing and analyzing electrical signal waveforms and their characteristics, and generally includes multiple functions such as waveform display, spectrum analysis, time domain and frequency domain analysis, and can provide detailed and accurate information about electrical signals, and can perform various detection and analysis based on the first electrical signal.

[0062] Specifically, the electrical signal analysis system 14 continuously monitors the first electrical signal output by the dynamic microphone through its real-time monitoring function, and observes the size of the first electrical signal in real time. Since the first electrical signal is generated by the vibration of the voice coil in the dynamic microphone under the action of sound waves, the electrical signal analysis system 14 can convert the first electrical signal into a digital signal that can be analyzed. The electrical signal analysis system 14 converts the time domain signal into a frequency domain signal through mathematical algorithms such as fast Fourier transform. The fast Fourier transform algorithm can decompose the first electrical signal into multiple frequency components, each component has a corresponding intensity. By analyzing these frequency components and their intensities, the system can identify the main frequency components in the noise signal and the impact of these components on the overall signal. At the same time, the electrical signal analysis system 14 can also observe the changes of the first electrical signal over time and the intensity of the signal. Therefore, the electrical signal analysis system 14 obtains the time domain distribution of the noise signal and the intensity and frequency distribution of the noise signal by real-time monitoring and spectrum analysis of the first electrical signal. At the same time, in addition to obtaining the time domain distribution of the noise signal and the intensity and frequency distribution of the noise signal according to the first electrical signal, the electrical signal analysis system 14 can also directly obtain the time domain distribution of the noise and the intensity and frequency of the noise signal obtained by the sound pressure meter.

[0063] At the same time, the electrical signal analysis system 14 can also send a series of test signals of different frequencies to the dynamic microphone and measure the voltage response of the dynamic microphone at each frequency. By comparing these responses, the electrical signal analysis system 14 can calculate the impedance values ​​at different frequencies. These impedance values ​​can be plotted into a curve, namely an impedance curve, which describes the impedance characteristics of the dynamic microphone at different frequencies. Therefore, the resonant frequency of the acoustic-electric transducer can be obtained by observing the impedance curve, and the optimal efficiency working point of the acoustic-electric transducer can be confirmed according to the resonant frequency.

[0064] Specifically, the electrical signal analysis system 14 is first connected to both ends of the dynamic microphone, and the impedance value of the dynamic microphone at different frequencies is measured by sending a series of test signals of different frequencies and monitoring the response, and these impedance values ​​are plotted into an impedance curve, which describes the impedance characteristics of the acoustic-electric transducer at different frequencies. On the impedance curve, the system looks for the frequency point where the impedance reaches an extreme value, and the extreme value can be set to a maximum value. Therefore, the frequency point where the impedance reaches a maximum value is called the resonant frequency of the acoustic-electric transducer. Secondly, the electrical signal analysis system 14 analyzes the frequency distribution of the noise signal to determine whether it is mainly concentrated near the resonant frequency. If the frequency distribution of the noise matches or is close to the resonant frequency, the efficiency of the acoustic-electric transducer will be in the best state. If the frequency distribution of the noise does not match or is close to the resonant frequency, the height of the acoustic-electric transducer can be adjusted to change the volume of the cavity, or the depth and opening area of ​​the vent can be adjusted to change the resonant frequency of the acoustic-electric transducer.

[0065] In this embodiment, the relationship between the frequency of the noise signal and the resonant frequency of the acoustic-electric transducer is analyzed by a signal analysis system, and the resonant frequency of the acoustic-electric transducer is adjusted to be close to the frequency of the noise. Resonance occurs in the shell 200, and the sound waves are repeatedly reflected and reinforced in the shell 200, resulting in a significant increase in the pressure and vibration amplitude of the shell 200. The air vibration causes the piezoelectric crystal of the piezoelectric converter to deform, and the piezoelectric crystal produces an electric polarization phenomenon. Positive and negative charges appear on the two opposite surfaces of the piezoelectric converter to generate a second electrical signal, and the second electrical signal is sent to the electric energy collection system 15 through the terminal connection wire of the piezoelectric converter 100. Since the output voltage of a single acoustic-electric transducer is small, multiple acoustic-electric transducers can be connected in series and then in parallel to achieve effective collection of electrical energy. The electric energy collection system 15 sends the acquired second electrical signal to the battery, and the battery stores the electrical energy.

[0066] In an embodiment of the present invention, the specific implementation steps of using the test system to analyze the relationship between the frequency of the noise signal and the resonant frequency of the acoustic-electric transducer include:

[0067] Step S1, prepare the test system.

[0068] Specifically, the test system includes a speaker 11, a detection microphone 12, an acoustic-electric transducer 13, an electrical signal analysis system 14, and an electric energy collection system 15. The speaker 11, the detection microphone 12, and the acoustic-electric transducer 13 are placed in a soundproof chamber to ensure that the internal environment of the soundproof chamber is quiet to reduce the interference of external noise on the test. At the same time, the sealing and sound insulation effect of the soundproof chamber are checked.

[0069] Step S2: Simulate environmental noise through a noise generator.

[0070] Specifically, the speaker 11 is connected to a noise generator, and the noise generator is used to generate a noise source. The noise generator provides a sound source similar to environmental noise, and the noise source is played in the anechoic room through the speaker 11 to simulate the noise situation in the actual environment.

[0071] Step S3: Acquire the acoustic characteristics of the noise using a sound pressure meter.

[0072] Specifically, the detection microphone 12 is accurately set in front of the dynamic microphone diaphragm assembly of the acoustic-electric transducer 13 to ensure that the microphone can accurately capture the noise signal. The detection microphone 12 is connected to a sound pressure meter, and the sound pressure intensity of the noise is obtained through the sound pressure meter to evaluate the loudness or amplitude of the noise. At the same time, an acoustic test system can also be used to detect the frequency range of the noise to obtain more comprehensive acoustic characteristic information. Among them, the acoustic characteristic information can be combined with the analysis results of the first electrical signal to determine the optimal operating frequency range of the acoustic-electric transducer, thereby adjusting its design parameters to improve the acoustic-electric conversion efficiency.

[0073] Step S4: output a first electrical signal through the dynamic microphone.

[0074] Specifically, when the noise source is incident on the diaphragm assembly 310 of the dynamic microphone 300 of the acoustic-electric transducer 13, the diaphragm assembly 310 begins to vibrate after receiving the vibration of the noise source. This vibration is a mechanical vibration caused by the sound wave of the noise source. The vibration of the diaphragm assembly 310 drives the coil 321 located in the magnetic field formed by the magnetic assembly 330 to vibrate together. At the same time, since the air in the housing 200 also vibrates with the vibration of the noise source, this vibration is transmitted through the vibration connector 610, further driving the coil 321 wound on the connecting skeleton 322 to vibrate. When the vibration of the diaphragm assembly 310 and the vibration transmitted through the vibration connector 610 reach resonance, the coil 321 vibrates at the highest frequency in the magnetic field formed by the magnetic assembly 330. In this process, the coil 321 continuously cuts the magnetic lines of force, and according to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, an induced electromotive force is generated in the coil. This induced electromotive force is the first electrical signal, which represents the process of converting the sound wave vibration of the noise source into electrical energy. Finally, the first electrical signal is transmitted to the terminal 620 provided on the side of the support frame 600 through the wire 500 led out from the connection frame 322 of the dynamic microphone 300, and is outputted from there to the electrical signal analysis system 14 for further analysis and processing.

[0075] Step S5: Analyze the first electrical signal by an electrical signal analysis system.

[0076] Specifically, the first electrical signal is monitored and analyzed in real time using the electrical signal analysis system 14. Detailed and accurate information about the electrical signal is obtained by means of spectrum analysis and impedance curve measurement. The time domain signal is converted into a frequency domain signal using mathematical algorithms such as fast Fourier transform, and multiple frequency components and their corresponding intensities are decomposed. By analyzing these frequency components and intensities, the main frequency components in the noise signal and their influence on the overall signal are identified. The acoustic characteristics of the noise can also be directly obtained by a sound pressure meter. At the same time, a series of test signals of different frequencies are sent to the dynamic microphone through the electrical signal analysis system 14, and the voltage response of the dynamic microphone at each frequency is measured. By comparing these responses, the impedance values ​​at different frequencies are calculated and plotted into an impedance curve. By observing the impedance curve and the acoustic characteristics of the noise, the resonant frequency and the optimal efficiency working point of the acoustic-electric transducer are determined. According to the analysis results, the parameters such as the height, the volume of the empty shell, the depth of the vent hole and the opening area of ​​the acoustic-electric transducer are adjusted to optimize the acoustic-electric conversion efficiency.

[0077] In the embodiment of the present invention, the test system can be used to more accurately analyze the relationship between the frequency of the noise signal and the resonant frequency of the acoustic-electric transducer, and provide strong support for subsequent electric energy collection and optimization.

[0078] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of a noise collection system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 9 The noise collection system includes a plurality of acoustic and electric transducers 13 , an electric energy collection system 15 and a battery 16 , wherein the electric energy collection system 15 includes a DC-AC converter 151 and a transformer converter 152 .

[0079] Specifically, after the frequency of the noise signal is first analyzed by the signal analysis system, the resonant frequency of the acoustic-electric transducer 13 is adjusted according to the analysis result to make it as close to the frequency of the noise signal as possible. Therefore, when the resonant frequency of the acoustic-electric converter matches the frequency of the noise signal, resonance will occur in the shell 200. The sound waves are repeatedly reflected in the shell and reinforce each other, resulting in a significant increase in the shell pressure and vibration amplitude. At this time, the air vibration will cause the piezoelectric crystal of the piezoelectric converter 100 to deform. The piezoelectric crystal will produce electric polarization during the deformation process, resulting in opposite positive and negative charges on the two opposite surfaces of the piezoelectric converter, thereby generating a second electrical signal.

[0080] At the same time, the generated second electrical signal is sent to the electric energy collection system 15 through the terminal connecting wire of the piezoelectric converter 100. Since the output voltage of a single acoustic-electric transducer is small, in order to achieve effective collection of electric energy, the system uses multiple acoustic-electric transducers in series to form a series circuit, and then connects multiple series circuits in parallel to significantly increase the output voltage, thereby increasing the efficiency of electric energy collection. The second electrical signal after parallel connection is first sent to the DC-AC converter 151 for conversion, and the collected electric energy is converted from DC form to AC form for subsequent voltage conversion processing. The converted AC electric energy is then sent to the transformer converter 152 for voltage conversion processing. The transformer converter adjusts the output voltage according to the charging voltage requirements of the battery 16 to ensure that the electric energy can be safely and effectively stored in the battery. After being processed by the DC-AC converter and the transformer converter, the electric energy is finally sent to the battery 16 for storage. As an energy storage unit of the noise collection system, the battery can provide electric energy for other devices when needed.

[0081] In this embodiment, the noise collection system achieves the goal of collecting electric energy from environmental noise through steps such as signal analysis, acoustic resonance, piezoelectric conversion, electric energy collection and conversion, and electric energy storage.

[0082] The acoustic-electric transducer of the embodiment of the present invention comprises a shell, the shell comprises a receiving cavity, a dynamic microphone, which is arranged in the receiving cavity, and comprises a diaphragm assembly, a coil assembly and a magnetic assembly, the coil assembly is fixedly connected to the diaphragm assembly, and is located in the magnetic field generated by the magnetic assembly, the diaphragm assembly moves under the impetus of the acoustic medium, and drives the coil assembly to cut the magnetic lines of force of the magnetic field to generate a first electric signal, and a piezoelectric converter is arranged at the top of the receiving cavity, and is used to generate a second electric signal through internal electric polarization phenomenon and output the second electric signal to a battery for storage. This can reduce the noise in the environment and realize the effective conversion of sound energy to electric energy.

[0083] Fig.10 Schematic diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig.10 As shown, Fig.10The electronic device shown includes a general computer hardware structure, which includes at least a processor 91 and a memory 92. The processor 91 and the memory 92 are connected via a bus 93. The memory 92 is suitable for storing instructions or programs executable by the processor 91. The processor 91 can be an independent microprocessor or a collection of one or more microprocessors. Thus, the processor 91 executes the instructions stored in the memory 92, thereby executing the method flow of the embodiment of the present invention as described above to realize the processing of data and the control of other devices. The bus 93 connects the above-mentioned multiple components together, and at the same time connects the above-mentioned components to the display controller 94 and the display device and the input / output (I / O) device 95. The input / output (I / O) device 95 can be a mouse, a keyboard, a modem, a network interface, a touch input device, a somatosensory input device, a printer, and other devices known in the art. Typically, the input / output device 95 is connected to the system via an input / output (I / O) controller 96.

[0084] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, devices (equipment) or computer program products. Therefore, the present application may adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Moreover, the present application may adopt a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-readable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0085] The present application is described with reference to flowcharts of methods, apparatuses (devices) and computer program products according to embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each process in the flowchart can be implemented by computer program instructions.

[0086] These computer program instructions may be stored in a computer readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture including an instruction device that implements the process Figure 1 A function specified in a process or multiple processes.

[0087] These computer program instructions may also be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device produce the instructions for implementing the process Figure 1 A device that specifies functions in a process or multiple processes.

[0088] Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a non-volatile storage medium for storing a computer-readable program, wherein the computer-readable program is used for a computer to execute part or all of the above method embodiments.

[0089] That is, those skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the steps in the above-mentioned embodiment method can be completed by specifying relevant hardware through a program, and the program is stored in a storage medium, including several instructions for a device (which can be a single-chip microcomputer, chip, etc.) or a processor (processor) to execute all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), disk or optical disk and other media that can store program codes.

[0090] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An acoustic-electric transducer, characterized in that: The acoustic-electric transducer comprises: A housing, comprising a receiving chamber; A dynamic microphone is arranged in the accommodating cavity, comprising a diaphragm assembly, a coil assembly and a magnetic assembly, wherein the coil assembly is fixedly connected to the diaphragm assembly, the coil assembly and the diaphragm assembly are located in a magnetic field generated by the magnetic assembly, and the diaphragm assembly moves under the external force of the acoustic medium, driving the coil assembly to cut the magnetic field lines of the magnetic field to generate a first electrical signal; The piezoelectric converter is arranged at the top of the accommodating cavity, and is used to generate a second electrical signal through internal polarization phenomenon when subjected to external force and output the second electrical signal to the battery for storage.

2. The acoustic-electric transducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diaphragm assembly includes an arc-shaped portion and a connecting portion. The vertical cross-section of the arc-shaped portion is an arc-shaped structure. The arc-shaped portion extends in all directions along the vertical plane direction to form the connecting portion.

3. The acoustic-electric transducer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The coil assembly comprises a connecting frame and a coil. The coil is wound around one end of the connecting frame and extends into the interior of the magnetic assembly. The other end of the connecting frame is connected to the diaphragm assembly.

4. The acoustic-electric transducer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The magnetic assembly includes a side magnet and a center magnet. The side magnet is provided with a vertical downward groove. The center magnet is arranged inside the groove of the side magnet and forms a magnetic gap with the side magnet. The coil is located inside the magnetic gap.

5. The acoustic-electric transducer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The acoustic-electric transducer further comprises a support frame, the top of the support frame is connected to the edge magnet, and the bottom of the support frame is connected to the edge of the connecting portion.

6. The acoustic-electric transducer according to claim 5, characterized in that: A vibration connecting piece is connected inside the support frame, and the vibration connecting piece is connected to the connecting frame.

7. The acoustic-electric transducer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The support frame is externally connected with a terminal, and the terminal is used to output the first electrical signal, and the first electrical signal is used to analyze the relationship between the frequency of the noise signal and the resonant frequency of the acoustic-electric transducer.

8. The acoustic-electric transducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shell further comprises a vent hole, which is arranged on the side of the shell to connect the shell with the outside.

9. A noise collection system, characterized in that: The system comprises: A plurality of acoustic-electric transducers, the acoustic-electric transducers comprising: a housing; a dynamic microphone, comprising a diaphragm assembly, a coil assembly and a magnetic assembly, the coil assembly being fixedly connected to the diaphragm assembly and being located in a magnetic field generated by the magnetic assembly, the diaphragm assembly moving under the impetus of an acoustic medium, driving the coil assembly to cut the magnetic field lines of the magnetic field to generate a first electrical signal; a piezoelectric converter, arranged on the top of the housing, for generating a second electrical signal through an internal electric polarization phenomenon; a DC-AC converter, used for converting the second electrical signal from DC to AC; A voltage transformer, used for adjusting the voltage value of the second electrical signal; A storage battery is used to receive and store the second electrical signal.

10. A testing device, characterized in that: The device includes: a noise generator, a sound pressure meter, a detection microphone, an acoustic-electric transducer, an electric signal analysis system and an electric energy collection system, wherein the detection microphone is located directly in front of the diaphragm of the acoustic-electric transducer, and the acoustic-electric transducer includes: a shell; a dynamic microphone, including a diaphragm assembly, a coil assembly and a magnetic assembly, wherein the coil assembly is fixedly connected to the diaphragm assembly and is located in the magnetic field generated by the magnetic assembly, wherein the diaphragm assembly moves under the impetus of the acoustic medium, driving the coil assembly to cut the magnetic lines of force of the magnetic field to generate a first electric signal; and a piezoelectric converter, which is arranged on the top of the shell and is used to generate a second electric signal through internal electric polarization.

11. The testing device according to claim 10, characterized in that: The sound pressure meter is connected to the detection microphone, the detection microphone is used to detect the sound pressure intensity of the noise source, and the sound pressure meter is used to obtain the sound pressure intensity to analyze the sound characteristics of the noise source.

12. The testing device according to claim 10, characterized in that: The electrical signal analysis system is connected to the terminals on both sides of the coil of the acoustic-electric transducer through wires, and is used to obtain a first electrical signal generated by the coil, and the electrical signal analysis system is used to obtain the frequency of the noise signal based on the first electrical signal.

13. The testing device according to claim 12, characterized in that: The electrical signal analysis system is used to obtain the resonant frequency of the acoustic-electric transducer by connecting the terminals on both sides of the coil of the acoustic-electric transducer through wires, and analyze the change in the resonant frequency of the acoustic-electric resonant transducer at different noise frequencies based on the frequency of the noise signal and the resonant frequency of the acoustic-electric resonant transducer.

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