Matrix for muskmelon bag type cultivation and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of planting, and discloses a muskmelon bag type cultivation substrate which comprises a straw mixture, sawdust, plant ash, poultry manure, a nutrient solution and supplementary elements. Wherein the straw mixture comprises one or more of corn straw, wheat straw, soybean straw, sorghum straw and the like; wherein the plant ash is ash generated after grass and tree are burnt; wherein the poultry manure is common poultry and livestock manure of chickens, ducks, pigs and the like. According to the muskmelon bag type cultivation substrate and the application thereof, the survival rate of transplanted muskmelons is high, meanwhile, the manufacturing cost is low, the straw mixture serves as the main raw material, the phenomenon that straw is stacked and placed disorderly can be reduced, sufficient nutrition is provided for transplanted muskmelon seedlings through plant ash, supplementary elements and nutrition of livestock manure, and the yield of the muskmelons is increased. Meanwhile, the roots grow more vigorously, so that the growth cycle is not affected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of planting, in particular to a substrate for bag-type cultivation of melons and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Muskmelon belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family and has a wide variety of varieties. Muskmelon is one of the crops that likes warmth and is heat-resistant. It is not cold-resistant and will die when it encounters frost. The suitable temperature for its growth is 26-32℃ during the day and 15-20℃ at night. It is sensitive to low temperatures. Muskmelon can adapt to a wide range of soils. It can be planted in sandy loam, sandy soil, and clay. However, loose, thick, and fertile sandy loam is the best, with a pH value of 6-6.8. Muskmelon is a fertilizer-loving crop. Because the plant has lush branches and leaves, a large nutritional area, and a high yield per unit area, it requires a large amount of N, P, and K fertilizers.

[0003] With the continuous expansion of facility cultivation area and the continuous shortening of crop rotation cycle, continuous cropping obstacles caused by soil-borne diseases, autotoxicity, deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties and other factors are becoming increasingly serious, becoming one of the main reasons restricting the sustainable development of melon and other melon production. Chemical control is not only costly, but also pollutes the environment and affects the food safety of the product. Soilless cultivation is one of the effective methods to solve such soil problems. In view of this, a substrate for melon bag cultivation is proposed to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0004] 1. Technical issues to be resolved

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a substrate for bag-type cultivation of melons and its application, which solves the problem that with the continuous expansion of facility cultivation area and the continuous shortening of crop rotation cycle, continuous cropping obstacles caused by factors such as soil-borne diseases, autotoxicity, and deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties are becoming increasingly serious, becoming one of the main reasons restricting the sustainable development of melon and other melon production. Chemical control is not only costly, but also pollutes the environment and affects the food safety of the product. Soilless cultivation is one of the effective methods to solve such soil problems.

[0006] (II) Technical solution

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A melon bag cultivation substrate, comprising a straw mixture, sawdust, plant ash, poultry manure, nutrient solution, and supplementary elements;

[0009] The straw mixture includes a mixture of one or more of corn straw, wheat straw, soybean straw, and sorghum straw;

[0010] Among them, plant ash is the ashes left after burning plants;

[0011] Among them, poultry manure is common manure of poultry and livestock such as chickens, ducks, and pigs;

[0012] The nutrient solution is composed of 20-40 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of calcium nitrate, 10-15 parts of potassium nitrate, 1-5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3-9 parts of potassium sulfate, 1-5 parts of manganese sulfate, and 1-5 parts of ammonium molybdate;

[0013] Among them, the supplementary elements are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer.

[0014] Preferably, the straw mixture accounts for 40%-60%, sawdust accounts for 10%-25%, wood ash accounts for 2%-5%, poultry manure accounts for 5%-10%, nutrient solution accounts for 2%-5%, and supplementary elements account for 2%-5%.

[0015] A method for preparing a substrate for bag-type cultivation of melons comprises the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: Select a straw mixture with a proportion of 40%-60%, sawdust with a proportion of 10%-25%, plant ash with a proportion of 2%-5%, poultry manure with a proportion of 5%-10%, nutrient solution with a proportion of 2%-5%, and supplementary elements with a proportion of 2%-5%;

[0017] Step 2: Grind the straw mixture evenly and mix it with sawdust, wood ash and poultry manure to obtain a prefabricated matrix;

[0018] Step 3: fermenting the prefabricated substrate obtained in step 2 until a mature material is obtained, and during the fermentation process, a corresponding amount of nutrient solution can be added and water can be sprayed to ensure the humidity of the prefabricated substrate;

[0019] Step 4: After the prefabricated substrate is completely decomposed, the supplementary elements are mixed with the decomposed prefabricated substrate;

[0020] Step 5: After the mixing in step 4 is completed, the finished matrix is ​​bagged.

[0021] Preferably, the fermentation time in step three is 15-20 days, and the fermentation temperature is 35°C-40°C.

[0022] Preferably, in step 3, when the fermentation temperature exceeds 40° C., the prefabricated substrate is turned over, and the number of times of turning over is at least once a day.

[0023] Preferably, the fermentation process in step three maintains the moisture content of the prefabricated substrate between 30% and 40%.

[0024] Preferably, in step five, each bag contains 3-5 jin of finished matrix.

[0025] The invention discloses a substrate application for bag-type cultivation of melons. The loaded bags are placed on a planting frame with a spacing of 40-50 cm, the substrate is watered thoroughly, holes are dug to transplant the melon seedlings, and topdressing is performed after transplanting to ensure the growth of the melon seedlings.

[0026] (III) Beneficial effects

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a melon bag cultivation substrate and its application, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] 1. The substrate for bag-type cultivation of melons and its application. The substrate obtained through the above steps not only makes the survival rate of melons higher after transplantation, but also has low production cost. The straw mixture is used as the main raw material, which can reduce the phenomenon of random stacking of straw. The nutrients in wood ash, supplementary elements and poultry manure itself provide sufficient nutrition for the transplanted melon seedlings, and make the root system grow stronger, thereby ensuring that its growth cycle will not be affected. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] A melon bag cultivation substrate, comprising a straw mixture, sawdust, plant ash, poultry manure, nutrient solution, and supplementary elements;

[0031] The straw mixture includes one or more mixtures of corn straw, wheat straw, soybean straw, sorghum straw, etc.;

[0032] Among them, plant ash is the ashes left after burning plants;

[0033] Among them, poultry manure is common manure of poultry and livestock such as chickens, ducks, and pigs;

[0034] The nutrient solution is composed of urea, calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, manganese sulfate, ammonium molybdate, etc.

[0035] Among them, the supplementary elements are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium three-element compound fertilizer;

[0036] The straw mixture accounts for 40%-60%, the sawdust accounts for 10%-25%, the plant ash accounts for 2%-5%, the poultry manure accounts for 5%-10%, the nutrient solution accounts for 2%-5%, and the supplementary elements account for 2%-5%.

[0037] Embodiment 1:

[0038] A method for preparing a substrate for bag-type cultivation of melons comprises the following steps:

[0039] Step 1: Select a straw mixture with a proportion of 60%, sawdust with a proportion of 25%, plant ash with a proportion of 5%, poultry manure with a proportion of 10%, nutrient solution with a proportion of 5%, and supplementary elements with a proportion of 5%;

[0040] Step 2: Grind the straw mixture evenly and mix it with sawdust, wood ash and poultry manure to obtain a prefabricated matrix;

[0041] Step 3: fermenting the prefabricated substrate obtained in step 2 until a mature material is obtained, and during the fermentation process, a corresponding amount of nutrient solution can be added and water can be sprayed to ensure the humidity of the prefabricated substrate;

[0042] Among them, the fermentation time is 15 days and the fermentation temperature is 40°C;

[0043] The fermentation process maintains the moisture content of the prefabricated substrate between 40%;

[0044] Among them, when the fermentation temperature exceeds 40℃, the pre-made substrate should be turned over at least once a day;

[0045] Step 4: After the prefabricated substrate is completely decomposed, the supplementary elements are mixed with the decomposed prefabricated substrate;

[0046] Step 5: After the mixing in step 4 is completed, the finished matrix is ​​bagged;

[0047] Among them, each bag is loaded with 3-5 catties ​​of finished matrix;

[0048] The invention discloses a substrate application for bag-type cultivation of melons. The loaded bags are placed on a planting frame with a spacing of 40-50 cm. The substrate is irrigated thoroughly, and holes are dug to transplant the melon seedlings. After transplanting, topdressing is performed to ensure the growth of the melon seedlings.

[0049] The matrix obtained through the above steps not only makes the survival rate of melons higher after transplanting, but also has low production cost. By using the straw mixture as the main raw material, the phenomenon of straw being randomly stacked can be reduced. The nutrients in wood ash, supplementary elements and poultry manure itself can provide sufficient nutrition for the transplanted melon seedlings and make their root systems grow stronger, thereby ensuring that their growth cycle will not be affected.

[0050] Embodiment 2:

[0051] A method for preparing a substrate for bag-type cultivation of melons comprises the following steps:

[0052] Step 1: Select a straw mixture with a proportion of 40%, sawdust with a proportion of 10%, plant ash with a proportion of 2%, poultry manure with a proportion of 5%, nutrient solution with a proportion of 2%, and supplementary elements with a proportion of 2%;

[0053] Step 2: Grind the straw mixture evenly and mix it with sawdust, wood ash and poultry manure to obtain a prefabricated matrix;

[0054] Step 3: fermenting the prefabricated substrate obtained in step 2 until a mature material is obtained, and during the fermentation process, a corresponding amount of nutrient solution can be added and water can be sprayed to ensure the humidity of the prefabricated substrate;

[0055] Among them, the fermentation time is 20 days and the fermentation temperature is 35°C;

[0056] The fermentation process maintains the moisture content of the prefabricated substrate between 35%;

[0057] Among them, when the fermentation temperature exceeds 40℃, the pre-made substrate should be turned over at least once a day;

[0058] Step 4: After the prefabricated substrate is completely decomposed, the supplementary elements are mixed with the decomposed prefabricated substrate;

[0059] Step 5: After the mixing in step 4 is completed, the finished matrix is ​​bagged;

[0060] Among them, each bag is loaded with 3-5 catties ​​of finished matrix;

[0061] The invention discloses a substrate application for bag-type cultivation of melons. The loaded bags are placed on a planting frame with a spacing of 40-50 cm. The substrate is irrigated thoroughly, and holes are dug to transplant the melon seedlings. After transplanting, topdressing is performed to ensure the growth of the melon seedlings.

[0062] The matrix obtained through the above steps not only makes the survival rate of melons higher after transplanting, but also has low production cost. By using the straw mixture as the main raw material, the phenomenon of straw being randomly stacked can be reduced. The nutrients in wood ash, supplementary elements and poultry manure itself can provide sufficient nutrition for the transplanted melon seedlings and make their root systems grow stronger, thereby ensuring that their growth cycle will not be affected.

[0063] Embodiment three:

[0064] A method for preparing a substrate for bag-type cultivation of melons comprises the following steps:

[0065] Step 1: Select a straw mixture of 50%, sawdust of 17%, plant ash of 3.5%, poultry manure of 7%, nutrient solution of 3.5%, and supplementary elements of 3.5%;

[0066] Step 2: Grind the straw mixture evenly and mix it with sawdust, wood ash and poultry manure to obtain a prefabricated matrix;

[0067] Step 3: fermenting the prefabricated substrate obtained in step 2 until a mature material is obtained, and during the fermentation process, a corresponding amount of nutrient solution can be added and water can be sprayed to ensure the humidity of the prefabricated substrate;

[0068] Among them, the fermentation time is 18 days and the fermentation temperature is 37°C;

[0069] The fermentation process maintains the moisture content of the prefabricated substrate between 37%;

[0070] Among them, when the fermentation temperature exceeds 40℃, the pre-made substrate should be turned over at least once a day;

[0071] Step 4: After the prefabricated substrate is completely decomposed, the supplementary elements are mixed with the decomposed prefabricated substrate;

[0072] Step 5: After the mixing in step 4 is completed, the finished matrix is ​​bagged;

[0073] Among them, each bag is loaded with 3-5 catties ​​of finished matrix;

[0074] The invention discloses a substrate application for bag-type cultivation of melons. The loaded bags are placed on a planting frame with a spacing of 40-50 cm. The substrate is irrigated thoroughly, and holes are dug to transplant the melon seedlings. After transplanting, topdressing is performed to ensure the growth of the melon seedlings.

[0075] The matrix obtained through the above steps not only makes the survival rate of melons higher after transplanting, but also has low production cost. By using the straw mixture as the main raw material, the phenomenon of straw being randomly stacked can be reduced. The nutrients in wood ash, supplementary elements and poultry manure itself can provide sufficient nutrition for the transplanted melon seedlings and make their root systems grow stronger, thereby ensuring that their growth cycle will not be affected.

[0076] Embodiment 4:

[0077] A method for preparing a substrate for bag-type cultivation of melons comprises the following steps:

[0078] Step 1: Select a straw mixture with a proportion of 60%, sawdust with a proportion of 10%, plant ash with a proportion of 5%, poultry manure with a proportion of 5%, nutrient solution with a proportion of 5%, and supplementary elements with a proportion of 2%;

[0079] Step 2: Grind the straw mixture evenly and mix it with sawdust, wood ash and poultry manure to obtain a prefabricated matrix;

[0080] Step 3: fermenting the prefabricated substrate obtained in step 2 until a mature material is obtained, and during the fermentation process, a corresponding amount of nutrient solution can be added and water can be sprayed to ensure the humidity of the prefabricated substrate;

[0081] Among them, the fermentation time is 17 days and the fermentation temperature is 37°C;

[0082] The fermentation process maintains the moisture content of the prefabricated substrate between 37%;

[0083] Among them, when the fermentation temperature exceeds 40℃, the pre-made substrate should be turned over at least once a day;

[0084] Step 4: After the prefabricated substrate is completely decomposed, the supplementary elements are mixed with the decomposed prefabricated substrate;

[0085] Step 5: After the mixing in step 4 is completed, the finished matrix is ​​bagged;

[0086] Among them, each bag is loaded with 3-5 catties ​​of finished matrix;

[0087] The invention discloses a substrate application for bag-type cultivation of melons. The loaded bags are placed on a planting frame with a spacing of 40-50 cm. The substrate is irrigated thoroughly, and holes are dug to transplant the melon seedlings. After transplanting, topdressing is performed to ensure the growth of the melon seedlings.

[0088] The matrix obtained through the above steps not only makes the survival rate of melons higher after transplanting, but also has low production cost. By using the straw mixture as the main raw material, the phenomenon of straw being randomly stacked can be reduced. The nutrients in wood ash, supplementary elements and poultry manure itself can provide sufficient nutrition for the transplanted melon seedlings and make their root systems grow stronger, thereby ensuring that their growth cycle will not be affected.

[0089] Embodiment five:

[0090] A method for preparing a substrate for bag-type cultivation of melons comprises the following steps:

[0091] Step 1: Select a straw mixture with a proportion of 40%, sawdust with a proportion of 25%, plant ash with a proportion of 2%, poultry manure with a proportion of 10%, nutrient solution with a proportion of 2%, and supplementary elements with a proportion of 5%;

[0092] Step 2: Grind the straw mixture evenly and mix it with sawdust, wood ash and poultry manure to obtain a prefabricated matrix;

[0093] Step 3: fermenting the prefabricated substrate obtained in step 2 until a mature material is obtained, and during the fermentation process, a corresponding amount of nutrient solution can be added and water can be sprayed to ensure the humidity of the prefabricated substrate;

[0094] Among them, the fermentation time is 15 days and the fermentation temperature is 39°C;

[0095] The fermentation process maintains the moisture content of the prefabricated substrate between 30%;

[0096] Among them, when the fermentation temperature exceeds 40℃, the pre-made substrate should be turned over at least once a day;

[0097] Step 4: After the prefabricated substrate is completely decomposed, the supplementary elements are mixed with the decomposed prefabricated substrate;

[0098] Step 5: After the mixing in step 4 is completed, the finished matrix is ​​bagged;

[0099] Among them, each bag is loaded with 3-5 catties ​​of finished matrix;

[0100] The invention discloses a substrate application for bag-type cultivation of melons. The loaded bags are placed on a planting frame with a spacing of 40-50 cm. The substrate is irrigated thoroughly, and holes are dug to transplant the melon seedlings. After transplanting, topdressing is performed to ensure the growth of the melon seedlings.

[0101] The matrix obtained through the above steps not only makes the survival rate of melons higher after transplanting, but also has low production cost. By using the straw mixture as the main raw material, the phenomenon of straw being randomly stacked can be reduced. The nutrients in wood ash, supplementary elements and poultry manure itself can provide sufficient nutrition for the transplanted melon seedlings and make their root systems grow stronger, thereby ensuring that their growth cycle will not be affected.

[0102] The following table is the experimental ratio data of the matrix of the present invention:

[0103]

[0104] The following table shows the survival rate, root system and other melon growth conditions of the matrix of the present invention after the melons are transplanted:

[0105] The experiment was conducted on July 2, 2024 in a greenhouse in Baoding City, Hebei Province, my country. The experimental object was melon. The experimental area was 1 mu. The comparison matrix was a transplanting matrix commonly available on the market, specifically the cultivation matrix produced by Yunnan Aite Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.

[0106]

[0107] It can be concluded from the above table that the matrix of the present invention has a high survival rate of melons after transplanting the melons, and the root system continues to increase, thereby improving the survival rate of the melons.

[0108] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A substrate for bag-type cultivation of melons, characterized in that: It includes straw mixture, sawdust, wood ash, poultry manure, nutrient solution, and supplementary elements; The straw mixture includes a mixture of one or more of corn straw, wheat straw, soybean straw, and sorghum straw; Among them, plant ash is the ashes left after burning plants; Among them, poultry manure is common chicken, duck, pig poultry and livestock manure; The nutrient solution is composed of 20-40 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of calcium nitrate, 10-15 parts of potassium nitrate, 1-5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3-9 parts of potassium sulfate, 1-5 parts of manganese sulfate, and 1-5 parts of ammonium molybdate; Among them, the supplementary elements are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer.

2. The substrate for melon bag cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The straw mixture accounts for 40%-60%, the sawdust accounts for 10%-25%, the plant ash accounts for 2%-5%, the poultry manure accounts for 5%-10%, the nutrient solution accounts for 2%-5%, and the supplementary elements account for 2%-5%.

3. A substrate for melon bag cultivation according to any one of claims 1 to 2, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Select a straw mixture with a proportion of 40%-60%, sawdust with a proportion of 10%-25%, plant ash with a proportion of 2%-5%, poultry manure with a proportion of 5%-10%, nutrient solution with a proportion of 2%-5%, and supplementary elements with a proportion of 2%-5%; Step 2: Grind the straw mixture evenly and mix it with sawdust, wood ash and poultry manure to obtain a prefabricated matrix; Step 3: fermenting the prefabricated substrate obtained in step 2 until a mature material is obtained, and during the fermentation process, a corresponding amount of nutrient solution can be added and water can be sprayed to ensure the humidity of the prefabricated substrate; Step 4: After the prefabricated substrate is completely decomposed, the supplementary elements are mixed with the decomposed prefabricated substrate; Step 5: After the mixing in step 4 is completed, the finished matrix is ​​bagged.

4. The substrate for melon bag cultivation according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fermentation time in step 3 is 15-20 days, and the fermentation temperature is 35°C-40°C.

5. The substrate for melon bag cultivation according to claim 3, characterized in that: As described in step 3, when the fermentation temperature exceeds 40°C, the prefabricated substrate is turned over, and the number of times of turning over is at least once a day.

6. The substrate for melon bag cultivation according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step 3, the fermentation process maintains the moisture content of the prefabricated substrate between 30% and 40%.

7. The substrate for melon bag cultivation according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step 5, each bag is loaded with 3-5 kilograms of finished matrix.

8. A substrate application for bag-type cultivation of melons, characterized in that: The loaded bags are placed on the planting racks with a spacing of 40-50 cm, the substrate is watered thoroughly, holes are dug to transplant the melon seedlings, and topdressing is performed after transplanting.

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