Feed for improving brightness and whiteness of body surfaces of butterfly carps and preparation method of feed

Abstract

The invention provides a feed for improving brightness and whiteness of body surfaces of butterfly carps and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the field of fish feeds. The feed comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 5-35% of fish meal, 5-20% of puffed soybean meal, 5-20% of peanut kernel meal, 2-10% of coconut meal, 5-10% of vital gluten, 10-35% of flour, 1-10% of attapulgite powder, 1-10% of fish oil, 2-10% of hermetia illucens powder, 1-10% of chlorella, 1-10% of spirulina, 0.01-2% of vitamin C, 0.01-2% of phytase, 0.01-2% of lipase, 1-10% of yeast hydrolysate and 0.01-3% of multivitamins. The feed additive comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1-5% of yeast, 0.01-5% of composite mineral substances, 1-5% of selenium yeast, 0.1-3% of choline chloride and 0.1-5% of bacillus subtilis powder. The feed can improve the body color brightness degree of the butterfly carp, the growth performance is stable, and the body shape is beautiful.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of fish feed, in particular to a feed for improving the whitening of butterfly carp body surface and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Butterfly carp is an ornamental fish belonging to the genus Cyprinidae. In recent years, butterfly carp has been favored by fish lovers for its bright white color and elegant posture. This unique fish not only adds vivid colors to the aquarium, but also becomes the object of research in the germplasm field of the ornamental fish industry due to market needs and its diverse varieties and forms. Butterfly carp has high requirements for breeding technology, water quality environment and feed, and is also relatively sensitive. If it is slightly inappropriate, it will be reflected in the change of body color, such as dull body color; decreased white brightness; yellow body color; black spots and red spots on white scales; congestion, redness, and ulceration of gill covers or fins, etc. If it is not solved for a long time, it will die or the symptoms will be irreversible, thus losing its ornamental value.

[0003] Methods to improve the body color of butterfly carp include: increasing light, feeding color-enhancing feed, feeding high-quality feed. Adjusting water quality, constant water temperature, etc. At present, butterfly carp on the market are basically commercial fish bred by artificial selection, with beautiful body shape and fair color. In nature, they can be omnivorous, like to eat fish, insects, small fish, shrimps and various water plants and mosses, and their nutritional intake is relatively balanced. However, in artificial breeding, the main food of butterfly carp is artificially prepared feed, so the nutritional components and the compound ratio of functional nutrients in the feed formula will directly affect the nutritional status, health status, body surface color, etc. of butterfly carp.

[0004] Currently, there are few feeds on the market that are specifically designed to enhance the color of butterfly carp, which cannot meet the market demand. Long-term consumption of non-specialized feeds by butterfly carp may cause their color to become dull, their body to become deformed, and they will lose their ornamental value. Summary of the invention

[0005] The invention aims to provide a feed for improving the whiteness of the body surface of butterfly carp, which can improve the whiteness of the body color of butterfly carp, stabilize the growth performance and make the body shape beautiful.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing feed for improving the whitening of the body surface of butterfly carp, which comprises crushing various raw materials and then expanding them, so as to facilitate the butterfly carp to absorb the nutrients in the feed.

[0007] The present invention solves the technical problem by adopting the following technical solutions.

[0008] On the one hand, an embodiment of the present invention provides a feed for improving the whitening of the body surface of butterfly carp, which includes the following raw materials by mass percentage:

[0009] Fish meal 5-35%, puffed soybean meal 5-20%, peanut kernel meal 5-20%, coconut meal 2-10%, gluten 5-10%, flour 10-35%, attapulgite powder 1-10%, fish oil 1-10%, black soldier fly powder 2-10%, chlorella 1-10%, spirulina 1-10%, vitamin C 0.01-2%, phytase 0.01-2%, lipase 0.01-2%, yeast hydrolyzate 1-10%, multivitamins 0.01-3%, multi minerals 0.01-5%, yeast selenium 1-5%, choline chloride 0.1-3%, Bacillus subtilis powder 0.1-5%.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present invention, the following raw materials are included by mass percentage:

[0011] Fish meal 15%, puffed soybean meal 15%, peanut kernel meal 17%, coconut meal 2%, gluten powder 5%, flour 20%, attapulgite powder 3%, fish oil 2%, black soldier fly powder 3%, chlorella 1%, spirulina 2%, vitamin C 1%, phytase 1%, lipase 0.1%, yeast hydrolyzate 2%, multivitamins 3%, multiminerals 4%, yeast selenium 2%, choline chloride 0.9%, Bacillus subtilis powder 1%.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present invention, the following raw materials are included by mass percentage:

[0013] Fish meal 20%, puffed soybean meal 8%, peanut kernel meal 7%, coconut meal 5%, gluten powder 6%, flour 15%, attapulgite powder 5%, fish oil 4%, black soldier fly powder 6%, chlorella 3%, spirulina 6%, vitamin C 0.2%, phytase 0.3%, lipase 0.5%, yeast hydrolyzate 4%, multivitamins 2%, multiminerals 4%, yeast selenium 1%, choline chloride 1%, Bacillus subtilis powder 3%.

[0014] In some embodiments of the present invention, the following raw materials are included by mass percentage:

[0015] Fish meal 30%, puffed soybean meal 5%, peanut kernel meal 5%, coconut meal 6%, gluten powder 8%, flour 10%, attapulgite powder 8%, fish oil 5%, black soldier fly powder 4%, chlorella 6%, spirulina 5%, vitamin C 0.5%, phytase 0.3%, lipase 0.5%, yeast hydrolyzate 1%, multivitamin 0.05%, multi mineral 0.05%, yeast selenium 3%, choline chloride 2%, Bacillus subtilis powder 0.6%.

[0016] The effects of the raw materials in the butterfly carp feed provided by the present invention are as follows:

[0017] The fish meal is white fish meal purchased directly from the market (for feed, 25kg / bag), which provides high-quality protein and balanced amino acids; increases the appetizing property of the feed; reduces the bait coefficient, and promotes the growth and development of butterfly carp.

[0018] Extruded soybean powder, that is, cooked soybean powder, is rich in vegetable protein and oil, which is helpful for metabolism and the delivery of fat-soluble nutrients; sufficient lipids can improve the absorption and utilization of carotenoids by butterfly carp, thus affecting body color. On the other hand, soybean powder can also reduce the use of fish meal and save costs; soybean powder reduces the anti-inhibitory factor of trypsin. Secondly, the smell of soybean powder is rich and fragrant, which increases the appetizing effect.

[0019] Peanut kernel meal provides excellent plant protein and reduces the use of fish meal. It is high in arginine, which can balance the amino acids in puffed soybean meal, stimulate the secretion of growth hormone in fish, and regulate the metabolism of body color cells.

[0020] Coconut meal provides rich crude fiber. A small amount of it can increase the gap in feed and increase the adsorption of oil substances. It can also accelerate the peristalsis of fish intestines and promote intestinal health.

[0021] Gluten provides natural wheat protein; rich glutamic acid can regulate immunity, improve fish vitality, and make the body color healthy; it is beneficial to the molding of puffed feed, increase the elasticity of puffed feed, enhance the water absorption of feed, and reduce the powdering rate of feed.

[0022] Flour is low in cost and provides rich carbohydrates for butterfly carp, which is an important source of energy for butterfly carp. It can also increase the hardness of puffed feed and reduce the breakage rate of feed after entering water.

[0023] Attapulgite powder, a natural composite mineral powder, has strong adsorption properties and can disperse trace nutrients to prevent uneven nutrients in feed.

[0024] Fish oil, an important lipid substance, saves protein, provides energy, provides unsaturated fatty acids, and is an important carrier of fat-soluble vitamins and pigment cells.

[0025] Black soldier fly powder is a high-quality fat. It contains unsaturated fatty acids that can stabilize pigment secretion. It also contains antimicrobial peptides that can boost the body's immunity.

[0026] Chlorella, which contains a large amount of natural pigments, can improve the skin color and meat texture of fish.

[0027] Spirulina, which contains a large amount of natural pigments, can improve the skin color and meat texture of butterfly carp.

[0028] Vitamin C promotes fish health, improves immunity and antioxidant capacity, and inhibits the formation of melanin.

[0029] Phytase balances feed nutrition and promotes the release of inorganic phosphate from the above-mentioned meal substances.

[0030] Lipase: This feed formula contains more lipid substances, and lipase can assist in the hydrolysis, digestion, absorption and utilization of fat.

[0031] Yeast hydrolyzate is rich in nutrients such as amino acids, small peptides, nucleotides, B vitamins, etc., which can be directly absorbed and utilized by fish and have a certain promoting effect on body color.

[0032] Multivitamins, balance and supplement the vitamin content in feed.

[0033] Complex minerals, balanced supplement of mineral and trace element content in feed.

[0034] Yeast selenium, an organic selenium supplement, maintains the function of the immune system and resists viruses. It is a raw material for glutathione peroxidase, an antioxidant that removes free radicals and helps to increase the reflective brightness of pigment cells.

[0035] Choline chloride, synergistically with the above-mentioned lipase, promotes fat metabolism, prevents fatty liver, and promotes the growth and differentiation of somatic cells.

[0036] Bacillus subtilis powder secretes heavy enzymes such as protease, amylase, lipase, etc., which can cooperate with the above-mentioned phytase and lipase to release the nutrients in the feed, help butterfly carp better digest the nutrients in the food, and improve feed utilization.

[0037] On the other hand, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing a feed for improving the whitening of the body surface of butterfly carp, comprising the following steps:

[0038] S1, grind fish meal, puffed soybean, peanut kernel meal, coconut meal and black water sorghum meal respectively, and pass through an 80-mesh sieve;

[0039] S2, mixing the raw materials except the fish oil uniformly to obtain raw material powder;

[0040] S3, feeding the raw material powder into an extruder for extrusion granulation and drying to obtain extruded granules;

[0041] S4, sending the expanded particles into an oil spraying drum, spraying fish oil evenly on the surface of the expanded particles, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the feed.

[0042] In some embodiments of the present invention, in step S2, the working parameters of the expander are: temperature and pressure.

[0043] In some embodiments of the present invention, in step S3, the moisture content after drying is less than 8%.

[0044] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0045] The feed provided by the present invention has fish meal, soybean meal and peanut kernel meal as main components, which can not only provide the nutrients required by butterfly carp, but also improve the body color brightness of butterfly carp. Fish meal can provide high-quality protein and balanced amino acids; increase the appetizing property of feed; reduce the bait coefficient and promote the growth and development of aquatic animals. Mature soybean meal is rich in plant protein and oil, which is helpful for metabolism and the transportation of fat-soluble nutrients; sufficient lipids can improve the absorption and utilization of carotenoids by butterfly carp, thereby affecting body color. At the same time, adding soybean meal can reduce the use of fish meal and save costs; and reduce the anti-inhibition factor of trypsin. The smell is rich and fragrant, which increases the appetizing property.

[0046] The preparation method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: firstly crushing part of the raw materials, then carrying out puffing and granulation, and then spraying fish oil on the surface, so that the crushed and puffed feed is conducive to absorption by butterfly carp. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below. If the specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer of the reagents or instruments used is not specified, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0048] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0049] The features and performance of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] The butterfly carp feed of the present embodiment is prepared according to the following ratio and preparation method:

[0052] Fish meal 15%, puffed soybean meal 15%, peanut kernel meal 17%, coconut meal 2%, gluten powder 5%, flour 20%, attapulgite powder 3%, fish oil 2%, black soldier fly powder 3%, chlorella 1%, spirulina 2%, vitamin C 1%, phytase 1%, lipase 0.1%, yeast hydrolyzate 2%, multivitamins 3%, multiminerals 4%, yeast selenium 2%, choline chloride 0.9%, Bacillus subtilis powder 1%.

[0053] S1, grind fish meal, puffed soybean, peanut kernel meal, coconut meal and black water sorghum meal respectively, and pass through an 80-mesh sieve;

[0054] S2, mixing the raw materials except the fish oil uniformly to obtain raw material powder;

[0055] S3, feeding the raw material powder into an extruder for extrusion and granulation, and drying until the water content is less than 8%, to obtain extruded granules;

[0056] S4, sending the expanded particles into an oil spraying drum, spraying fish oil evenly on the surface of the expanded particles, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the feed.

[0057] Example 2

[0058] The butterfly carp feed of the present embodiment is prepared according to the following ratio and preparation method:

[0059] Fish meal 20%, puffed soybean meal 8%, peanut kernel meal 7%, coconut meal 5%, gluten powder 6%, flour 15%, attapulgite powder 5%, fish oil 4%, black soldier fly powder 6%, chlorella 3%, spirulina 6%, vitamin C 0.2%, phytase 0.3%, lipase 0.5%, yeast hydrolyzate 4%, multivitamins 2%, multiminerals 4%, yeast selenium 1%, choline chloride 1%, Bacillus subtilis powder 3%.

[0060] S1, grind fish meal, puffed soybean, peanut kernel meal, coconut meal and black water sorghum meal respectively, and pass through an 80-mesh sieve;

[0061] S2, mixing the raw materials except the fish oil uniformly to obtain raw material powder;

[0062] S3, feeding the raw material powder into an extruder for extrusion and granulation, and drying until the water content is less than 8%, to obtain extruded granules;

[0063] S4, sending the expanded particles into an oil spraying drum, spraying fish oil evenly on the surface of the expanded particles, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the feed.

[0064] Example 3

[0065] The butterfly carp feed of the present embodiment is prepared according to the following ratio and preparation method:

[0066] Fish meal 30%, puffed soybean meal 5%, peanut kernel meal 5%, coconut meal 6%, gluten powder 8%, flour 10%, attapulgite powder 8%, fish oil 5%, black soldier fly powder 4%, chlorella 6%, spirulina 5%, vitamin C 0.5%, phytase 0.3%, lipase 0.5%, yeast hydrolyzate 1%, multivitamin 0.05%, multi mineral 0.05%, yeast selenium 3%, choline chloride 2%, Bacillus subtilis powder 0.6%.

[0067] S1, grind fish meal, puffed soybean, peanut kernel meal, coconut meal and black water sorghum meal respectively, and pass through an 80-mesh sieve;

[0068] S2, mixing the raw materials except the fish oil uniformly to obtain raw material powder;

[0069] S3, feeding the raw material powder into an extruder for extrusion and granulation, and drying until the water content is less than 8%, to obtain extruded granules;

[0070] S4, sending the expanded particles into an oil spraying drum, spraying fish oil evenly on the surface of the expanded particles, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the feed.

[0071] In Examples 1-3, all the raw materials used were purchased directly from the market, wherein the fish meal was white fish meal for feed, 25 kg / bag; yeast hydrolyzate: Kangbeilai R type (yeast hydrolyzate) from Guangdong Xintun Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 25 kg / bag; compound vitamins: 0.1% freshwater fish vitamin compound premix from Beijing Friendship Hengtai Technology Co., Ltd., 10 kg / bag; compound minerals: 0.15% aquatic trace element compound premix from Beijing Friendship Hengtai Technology Co., Ltd., model YK014, 25 kg / bag;

[0072] Experimental example

[0073] Using Example 2 and commercially available butterfly carp feed to raise butterfly carp, and comparing them to increase the degree of bright whitening on the butterfly carp's body surface;

[0074] Experimental method: The experimental fish were 90 butterfly carps of the same batch purchased from an ornamental fish farm, with a body length of about 20 cm, active feeding and healthy physique. They were divided into 3 groups, each with 30 butterfly carps. After being temporarily raised for 5 days, they began to be fed with fullness. The experimental period was 30 days, during which the natural water temperature was about 21 degrees. Only water was replenished without changing the water during the whole process. Each group was fed with different feeds. The first group was fed with the feed of Example 2; the second group was fed with a commercially available butterfly carp special feed, and the trade name was: butterfly carp food. Its ingredient list is: imported fish meal, Antarctic krill meal, brewer's yeast powder, soybean meal, wheat flour, wheat germ, lecithin, fish oil, corn protein powder, spirulina powder, astaxanthin, probiotics, multi-dimensional, multi-mineral, and trace elements. The third group was fed with a commercially available Taiwan platinum butterfly carp special feed. The ingredients are: high-quality imported fish meal, shrimp meal, wheat germ, yeast powder, lecithin, soy protein, biological enzyme, fish oil, trace elements and trace nutrient additives.

[0075] At the beginning of the experiment, the body color of the butterfly carp was measured at a uniform position 1 cm below the dorsal fin. Three values, L, a, and b, were obtained at each measuring point (the L value represents the degree of black and white. The larger the L value, the brighter the color appears, and the smaller the L value, the darker the color appears; the a value represents the degree of redness and greenness. The larger the a value, the more the color tends to red, and the smaller the a value, the more the color tends to green; the b value represents the degree of yellowness and blueness. The larger the b value, the more the color tends to yellow, and the smaller the b value, the more the color tends to blue).

[0076] After the experiment, the same colorimeter was used, the same time period was conducted, and the same person was used to measure the body color of the butterfly carp. The body surface data obtained are shown in the table below.

[0077]

[0078] Note: Different superscript letters in the table indicate significant differences in the numbers in the same column (P < 0.05).

[0079] The statistical results show that at the end of the experiment, the L value of Group 1> the L value of Group 3> the L value of Group 2, and the three groups are significantly different from each other, which proves that the effect of Group 1 feed on whitening and brightening the body surface of butterfly carp is higher than that of Group 3 and Group 2; the a value of Group 1<Group 2<Group 3, the a value of Group 1 is significantly different from both Group 2 and Group 3, and the a value difference between Group 2 and Group 3 is not significant, the b value of Group 1<Group 2<Group 3, the b value of Group 1 is significantly different from both Group 2 and Group 3, and the b value difference between Group 2 and Group 3 is not significant, and the a value and b value of Group 1 are lower than the a value and b value at the beginning of the experiment, which proves that the feed of Group 1 (Example 2) has a certain dilution and inhibitory effect on the red color and yellow color of the body surface of butterfly carp, which helps to highlight the white body color of butterfly carp. The L value of group 2 is lower than the initial L value, the a value is higher than the initial a value, and the b value is lower than the initial b value, indicating that the body color of butterfly carp in group 2 is reduced and tends to be red. The L value of group 3 is higher than the initial L value, the a value is higher than the initial a value, and the b value is higher than the initial b value, proving that the body color of butterfly carp in group 3 is improved and tends to be red and yellow.

[0080] In summary, feeding the butterfly carp feed of Group 1 (Example 2) has a strong effect of improving the body surface whiteness and brightness of the butterfly carp, and has a good effect of diluting and inhibiting the redness and yellowness, which can better highlight the whitening and brightening effect.

[0081] The embodiments described above are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A feed for improving the whitening of butterfly carp body surface, characterized in that: The following raw materials are included by mass percentage: Fish meal 5-35%, puffed soybean meal 5-20%, peanut kernel meal 5-20%, coconut meal 2-10%, gluten powder 5-10%, flour 10-35%, attapulgite powder 1-10%, fish oil 1-10%, black soldier fly powder 2-10%, chlorella 1-10%, spirulina 1-10%, vitamin C 0.01-2%, phytase 0.01-2%, lipase 0.01-2%, yeast hydrolyzate 1-10%, multivitamins 0.01-3%, multi minerals 0.01-5%, yeast selenium 1-5%, choline chloride 0.1-3%, Bacillus subtilis powder 0.1-5%.

2. The feed for improving the bright whitening of butterfly carp body surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following raw materials are included by mass percentage: Fish meal 15%, puffed soybean meal 15%, peanut kernel meal 17%, coconut meal 2%, gluten powder 5%, flour 20%, attapulgite powder 3%, fish oil 2%, black soldier fly powder 3%, chlorella 1%, spirulina 2%, vitamin C 1%, phytase 1%, lipase 0.1%, yeast hydrolyzate 2%, multivitamins 3%, multiminerals 4%, yeast selenium 2%, choline chloride 0.9%, Bacillus subtilis powder 1%.

3. The feed for improving the bright whitening of butterfly carp body surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following raw materials are included by mass percentage: Fish meal 20%, puffed soybean meal 8%, peanut kernel meal 7%, coconut meal 5%, gluten powder 6%, flour 15%, attapulgite powder 5%, fish oil 4%, black soldier fly powder 6%, chlorella 3%, spirulina 6%, vitamin C 0.2%, phytase 0.3%, lipase 0.5%, yeast hydrolyzate 4%, multivitamins 2%, multiminerals 4%, yeast selenium 1%, choline chloride 1%, Bacillus subtilis powder 3%.

4. The feed for improving the bright whitening of butterfly carp body surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following raw materials are included by mass percentage: Fish meal 30%, puffed soybean meal 5%, peanut kernel meal 5%, coconut meal 6%, gluten powder 8%, flour 10%, attapulgite powder 8%, fish oil 5%, black soldier fly powder 4%, chlorella 6%, spirulina 5%, vitamin C 0.5%, phytase 0.3%, lipase 0.5%, yeast hydrolyzate 1%, multivitamin 0.05%, multi mineral 0.05%, yeast selenium 3%, choline chloride 2%, Bacillus subtilis powder 0.6%.

5. A method for preparing a feed for improving the whitening of the butterfly carp's body surface as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, grind fish meal, puffed soybean, peanut kernel meal, coconut meal and black water sorghum meal respectively, and pass through an 80-mesh sieve; S2, mixing the raw materials except the fish oil uniformly to obtain raw material powder; S3, feeding the raw material powder into an extruder for extrusion granulation and drying to obtain extruded granules; S4, sending the expanded particles into an oil spraying drum, spraying fish oil evenly on the surface of the expanded particles, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the feed.

6. The method for preparing a feed for improving the whitening of the butterfly carp body surface according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S3, the working parameters of the extruder are: temperature of 110-130° C. and pressure of 30 standard atmospheres.

7. The method for preparing a feed for improving the whitening of the butterfly carp body surface according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S3, the moisture content after drying is less than 8%.

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