Hopper capable of automatically discharging and crane

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of load hanging elements or load hanging devices for cranes, and particularly discloses a hopper capable of automatically discharging and a crane, the hopper comprises a hopper shell, screw rods are rotatably mounted on the front side face and the rear side face of the hopper shell, each screw rod is in threaded connection with a movable hanging ring, and the movable hanging rings are in threaded connection with the movable hanging rings. The movable hanging ring is slidably connected with the hopper shell in the left-right direction, and a fixed hanging ring is installed at the upper end of the left half part of the hopper shell. The device can solve the problems that in the prior art, the building material transferring efficiency is low, and potential safety hazards exist in construction operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of load hanging elements or load hanging devices for cranes, and in particular discloses a hopper capable of automatically unloading and a crane. Background Art

[0002] The hopper structure of the existing crane is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, two horizontal lifting ropes are installed at the upper end of the hopper to lift the hopper horizontally. At the same time, an end lifting rope for unloading is installed on one of the sides of the hopper. When unloading is required, the crane first places the hopper filled with construction materials flat at a designated location. A worker walks to the side of the hopper, removes the horizontal lifting rope from the hook of the crane, and hangs the end lifting rope on the hook. After the worker leaves, the crane lifts one end of the hopper through the end lifting rope. The hopper tilts and the construction materials in the hopper can be dumped out. After dumping the materials, the worker replaces the end lifting rope on the hook with a horizontal lifting rope to lift and transport the materials again. This operation mode requires the crane driver and the rope-hanging worker to coordinate and cooperate, and the transportation efficiency of construction materials is relatively low. For the dumping of construction waste and other waste materials, as the waste pile is getting higher and higher, after hanging the end rope, it can only be dumped, and the bucket can no longer be transferred horizontally or vertically. Therefore, the worker who switches the rope needs to climb to the top of the waste pile to wait for the bucket, and then switch the rope. This does not guarantee the personal safety of the rope-hanging worker, and there are great safety hazards during the construction process. At the same time, in the hot summer or cold winter, workers cannot work for a long time in extreme climates, so the construction conditions are obviously restricted by the weather. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the above problems, the present invention discloses a hopper and a crane capable of automatically unloading materials, which can solve the problems of low efficiency in transferring building materials and potential safety hazards in construction operations in the prior art.

[0004] A hopper capable of automatically unloading materials comprises a hopper shell, wherein screw rods are rotatably mounted on the front and rear sides of the hopper shell, each screw rod is threadedly connected to a movable lifting ring, the movable lifting ring is slidably connected to the hopper shell in the left and right directions, and a fixed lifting ring is mounted on the upper end of the left half of the hopper shell.

[0005] Preferably, a transmission rod is installed at the left end of the hopper shell, and worm gear mechanisms are provided at the front and rear ends of the transmission rod, and each set of worm gear mechanisms is connected to the screw on the corresponding side.

[0006] Preferably, a worm is provided at both the front and rear ends of the transmission rod, and the worms at the front and rear ends are respectively connected to worm wheels in driving connection, and each worm wheel is coaxially connected to the lead screw at the corresponding side.

[0007] Preferably, the transmission rod is provided with a bevel gear combination, and the bevel gear combination is connected to a drive motor.

[0008] Preferably, a level is provided on the upper surface of the hopper shell, and the level is used to send instructions to the drive motor to adjust the position of the movable lifting ring on the screw rod.

[0009] Preferably, an elastic protective cover is sleeved on the outside of the screw rod, and the elastic protective cover is installed between the end of the hopper shell and the movable lifting ring.

[0010] Preferably, the front and rear sides of the hopper shell are both provided with slide grooves, the movable lifting ring is connected to the screw rod through a nut, and the side of the nut is provided with a sliding block that cooperates with the slide groove.

[0011] Preferably, the front and rear sides of the hopper shell are provided with limit switches for limiting the travel of the moving lifting ring.

[0012] The present invention also discloses a crane, wherein the crane is provided with the hopper capable of automatically unloading as described above.

[0013] The driving motor drives the transmission rod to rotate, and the transmission rod drives the screws on the front and rear sides of the hopper shell to rotate through the worm gear mechanism at both ends. Under the guidance of the slide block, the nut drives the mobile lifting ring to move along the left and right directions of the hopper shell. After moving to the designated position, when the crane lifts the lifting rope of the fixed lifting ring and the lifting rope of the mobile lifting ring, the hopper can be lifted horizontally and transferred to the designated position. After the hopper reaches the designated position, the driving motor drives the screw to rotate in the opposite direction through the transmission rod and the worm gear mechanism, and the nut drives the mobile lifting ring and the related lifting rope to move to the left end of the hopper shell. At this time, only the left end of the hopper is subjected to the lifting force, so the right end of the hopper will tilt downward, and the building materials in the hopper can be dumped out. After dumping, the driving motor drives the screw to rotate forward through the worm gear mechanism, and the mobile lifting ring and the lifting rope connected to it move to the right to the designated position, and the hopper is lifted horizontally again. The entire movement of the mobile lifting ring is achieved by the driver remotely controlling the drive motor in the cab, without the need for additional workers to assist at the hopper side, saving labor input, improving work efficiency, and eliminating construction hazards.

[0014] Beneficial effects: The present invention can realize automatic driving of the movable lifting ring to move in the horizontal direction by installing a motor-driven screw rod and a nut transmission mechanism on the existing hopper. By changing the position of the movable lifting ring on the hopper, the hopper can be switched between a horizontal state and an inclined state when being hoisted, thereby realizing smooth and efficient dumping of materials in the hopper. No additional manual participation is required in the whole process, the cooperation between workers is eliminated, the production efficiency is improved, and safety hazards are eliminated. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0016] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an existing hopper in the background technology; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure when the hopper is in a horizontal state in the present invention; Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Middle AA section view; Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of B in the middle; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure when the hopper is in a tilted state in the present invention; Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the elastic protective cover structure; In the figure, 1, hopper shell, 2, driving motor, 3, active bevel gear, 4, first support, 5, transmission rod, 6, worm gear, 7, fixed lifting ring, 8, elastic protective cover, 9, passive bevel gear, 10, worm, 11, nut, 12, movable lifting ring, 13, screw, 14, second support. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0018] The description of the positional relationship of the front, rear, left, right, top, bottom, etc. with the hopper as a reference in the present invention is for Figure 2 The hopper placement state shown is proposed.

[0019] like Figure 1 As shown, the hopper in the prior art has four lifting rings installed on its upper end surface, and two lifting rings at the same position on the front and rear sides are connected to each other through two horizontal lifting ropes, which are used to lift and transfer the hopper horizontally. Two lifting rings are installed on the left end surface of the hopper, and the two lifting rings are connected by an end lifting rope, which is used to tilt the hopper and then pour out the building materials in the hopper. The lifting rope at the upper end and the lifting rope at the left end cannot be hung on the hook of the crane at the same time, and manual switching back and forth is required, which has a relatively low work efficiency. In addition, the workers are in close contact with the hopper filled with building materials, which may cause safety hazards such as accidental collision and being hit by falling materials.

[0020] To this end, the present invention discloses a Figures 2 to 5 The hopper that can unload automatically as shown is a modification of the existing hopper. Two parallel rectangular tubes or square steels are welded to the front and rear sides of the hopper shell 1 to form a slide groove along the left and right directions of the hopper shell 1. A second support 14 is installed at both ends of each group of slide grooves. The two second supports 14 at both ends of the same group of slide grooves rotate together to connect the screw rod 13. The screw rod 13 is threadedly connected to the nut 11. A movable lifting ring 12 is installed at the upper end of the nut 11. A slider is provided on the side of the nut 11 close to the hopper shell 1. The slider is slidably matched with the slide groove on the hopper shell 1 in the left and right directions. When the screw rod 13 rotates, the nut 11 can drive the movable lifting ring 12 to slide along the left and right directions of the hopper shell 1 under the guidance of the slide groove slider, thereby changing the position of the movable lifting ring 12 on the hopper shell 1. The two movable lifting rings 12 located on the front and rear sides of the hopper shell 1 are connected to a lifting rope together, and the two fixed lifting rings 7 installed on the front and rear sides of the left half of the hopper shell 1 are connected to another lifting rope together. The two lifting ropes are hung on the hook of the crane together. The position of the movable lifting ring 12 in the left and right directions of the hopper shell 1 changes, and the force application point of the lifting rope connected to the movable lifting ring 12 on the hopper also changes, so that the entire hopper can be switched between a horizontal state and an inclined state during lifting.

[0021] Due to the large amount of dust and sometimes bad weather during construction, in order to properly protect the transmission system composed of the screw rod 13 and the nut 11 and prevent dust from entering the gap of the screw rod 13 and affecting the transmission accuracy or smoothness, a sleeve such as the outer sleeve of the screw rod 13 is provided. Figure 6 The elastic protective cover 8 shown is a shell made of nylon or silicone material, and a slightly rigid spiral support rib is embedded inside the shell, so that the entire elastic protective cover 8 has a certain compression elasticity and extension elasticity, which effectively plays a role in dust and water resistance. One end of the elastic protective cover 8 is connected to the side of the nut 11, and the other end of the elastic protective cover 8 is connected to the second support 14 on the corresponding side. With the horizontal movement of the nut 11, the elastic protective cover 8 can shrink and stretch, and always covers the outside of the screw rod 13.

[0022] In order to ensure that the two movable lifting rings 12 on the front and rear sides of the hopper shell 1 run synchronously, the present invention designs a set of driving mechanisms, which can drive the screw rods 13 on the front and rear sides of the hopper shell 1 to move synchronously, specifically: a driving motor 2 is installed on the left end surface of the hopper shell 1, and the output shaft of the driving motor 2 is connected to the active bevel gear 3, and the active bevel gear 3 is meshed with the passive bevel gear 9. A first support 4 is welded on the left end side of the hopper shell 1, and the first support 4 is two pieces, and the two first supports 4 are symmetrically arranged along the front and rear center lines of the hopper shell 1. The two first supports 4 are connected to the transmission rod 5 for rotating together, and the passive bevel gear 9 is mounted on the middle part of the transmission rod 5. The two ends of the transmission rod 5 respectively penetrate through and protrude from the first support 4 on the corresponding side forward and rearward, and the protruding part of each end is processed with a worm 10. A worm wheel 6 is coaxially installed on the left end of each screw rod 13, and the worm wheel 6 is transmission-connected with the worm 10 on the corresponding side, so that a driving motor 2 can drive the screw rods 13 on the front and rear sides of the hopper shell 1 to rotate simultaneously, thereby achieving the technical effect of synchronous movement of the moving rings 12 on both sides, so that the hopper can switch between the horizontal state and the inclined state smoothly.

[0023] The switching process of the hopper between the horizontal state and the inclined state is as follows: When the two movable lifting rings 12 are located at a certain position of the right half of the hopper shell 1, the crane lifts the lifting rope between the two movable lifting rings 12 and the lifting rope between the two fixed lifting rings 7, so that the entire hopper is in a horizontal state; when the two movable lifting rings 12 move to the left under the transmission action of the screw rod 13 and the nut 11, the lifting rope between the two movable lifting rings 12 is deviated to the left, so that the entire hopper is subjected to a lifting force inclined to the left, so the right half of the hopper gradually tilts downward, and when the movable lifting ring 12 moves to a position near the fixed lifting ring 7, the hopper is almost in a vertical state, and the building materials in the hopper are dumped out under the action of their own gravity.

[0024] The transmission mode in which the worm wheel 6 and the worm 10 mesh with each other fully utilizes the self-locking performance of the mechanism, so that the rotation of the screw rod 13 is smooth and reliable, preventing the screw rod 13 from accidentally rotating in an unexpected power outage or overload state, causing the hopper to lose balance and cause construction failure, thereby ensuring the stability of the hopper during transportation.

[0025] Since building materials include sand, cement, gravel, discarded bricks and other forms, the hoisting balance point of the bucket is different when containing different building materials. In order to facilitate the rapid search for the hoisting balance point, the present invention also provides an automatic adjustment device on the bucket. Specifically: a spirit level is installed on the surface of the bucket shell 1, and the spirit level is provided with a signal feedback system, and three angle range thresholds are set in advance in the signal feedback system. When the crane lifts the bucket through the lifting rope, if the spirit level detects that the bucket is not in a horizontal state but in an inclined state, when the inclination angle is within the first angle range threshold, it is assumed that the bucket is in a horizontal state at this time and can be lifted; if the spirit level detects that the inclination angle of the bucket is within the second angle range threshold, the signal feedback system will feedback a signal to the drive motor 2, and the drive motor 2 drives the screw rod 13 to rotate. Through the transmission action of the screw rod 13, the nut 11 drives the movable lifting ring 12 to move a set distance to the left or right until the spirit level detects that the bucket is in the first angle range threshold. When the level instrument detects that the tilt angle of the hopper is within the threshold value of the third angle range, the signal feedback system will feed back a signal again and the drive motor 2 can stop; if the spirit level detects that the tilt angle of the hopper is within the threshold value of the third angle range, the hopper is in the state of dumping construction materials at this time, and the signal feedback system will not feed back a signal requiring operation to the drive motor 2. After the dumping of the construction materials is completed, the driver manually operates the relevant buttons or operating levers in the cab to run the drive motor 2, driving the screw rod 13 to rotate, and the nut 11, driven by the screw rod 13, drives the movable lifting ring 12 and the lifting rope to run back to the right half of the hopper shell 1, and the hopper returns to a horizontal state.

[0026] In order to prevent the driver from operating the drive motor 2 by mistake and starting the drive motor 2 without knowing it, the nut 11 drives the movable ring 12 to move infinitely to the left or right, causing the drive motor 2 to be overloaded and damaged. The present invention installs a limit switch on the front and rear sides of the hopper housing 1 and at the extreme position of the nut 11. When the nut 11 runs to touch the limit switch, the drive motor 2 automatically stops.

[0027] The invention also discloses a crane, which is equipped with the automatic unloading hopper.

[0028] Although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, this specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present invention and is not a limitation of the invention. The specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make modifications, substitutions and variations to the embodiments without creative contributions as needed without departing from the principles and purpose of the present invention. However, as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention, they are protected by patent law.

Claims

1. A hopper capable of automatically unloading, characterized in that: The hopper shell (1) comprises a hopper shell (1), wherein the front and rear sides of the hopper shell (1) are rotatably mounted with screw rods (13), each screw rod (13) is threadedly connected to a movable lifting ring (12), the movable lifting ring (12) is slidably connected to the hopper shell (1) in the left and right directions, and a fixed lifting ring (7) is mounted on the upper end of the left half of the hopper shell (1).

2. The automatic unloading hopper according to claim 1, characterized in that: A transmission rod (5) is mounted on the left end of the hopper housing (1), and worm gear mechanisms are provided at the front and rear ends of the transmission rod (5), and each set of worm gear mechanisms is connected to a lead screw (13) on the corresponding side.

3. The automatic unloading hopper according to claim 2, characterized in that: The front and rear ends of the transmission rod (5) are both provided with worms (10), and the worms (10) at the front and rear ends are respectively connected to worm wheels (6) in a transmission manner, and each worm wheel (6) is coaxially connected to the lead screw (13) on the corresponding side.

4. The automatic unloading hopper according to claim 2, characterized in that: The transmission rod (5) is provided with a bevel gear assembly, and the bevel gear assembly is connected to a drive motor (2).

5. The automatic unloading hopper according to claim 4, characterized in that: A level gauge is provided on the upper surface of the hopper shell (1), and the level gauge is used to send instructions to the drive motor (2) to adjust the position of the movable lifting ring (12) on the screw rod (13).

6. The automatic unloading hopper according to claim 2, characterized in that: An elastic protective cover (8) is sleeved on the outside of the screw rod (13), and the elastic protective cover (8) is installed between the end of the hopper shell (1) and the movable lifting ring (12).

7. The automatic unloading hopper according to claim 2, characterized in that: The front and rear sides of the hopper housing (1) are both provided with slide grooves, the movable lifting ring (12) is connected to the screw rod (13) via a nut (11), and a sliding block cooperating with the slide groove is provided on the side of the nut (11).

8. The automatic unloading hopper according to claim 2, characterized in that: The front and rear sides of the hopper housing (1) are both provided with limit switches for limiting the travel of the movable lifting ring (12).

9. A crane, characterized in that: The crane is equipped with a hopper capable of automatically unloading according to any one of claims 2 to 8.

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