Photochromic tungsten oxide sub-nanowire as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a tungsten oxide sub-nanowire as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The diameter of the tungsten oxide sub-nanowire ranges from 0.6 nm to 1.4 nm. Therefore, the diameter of the tungsten oxide sub-nanowire is relatively small, so that the tungsten oxide sub-nanowire has a relatively large specific surface area, and the photochromic sensitivity of the tungsten oxide sub-nanowire can be improved; and the tungsten oxide sub-nanowires have flexibility and processability similar to those of macromolecules and have dual advantages of inorganic matters and organic matters, so that the application field of the tungsten oxide material is expanded.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of material technology, and in particular to tungsten oxide sub-nanowires and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Subnanowires are new one-dimensional nanomaterials with a diameter of about 1 nanometer, which is comparable to the diameter of conventional linear polymers. Therefore, the size and configuration of subnanowires are very similar to polymers. They exhibit similar intrinsic flexibility to polymers at the microscopic level, and similar rheological properties to polymers at the macroscopic level. After inorganic materials are made into subnanowires, they can retain the characteristics of the inorganic materials themselves while having flexibility and processability comparable to polymers. In addition, since the diameter of subnanowires is extremely small and the radial size is comparable to that of a single unit cell, the specific surface area is very large, and most of the atoms are surface atoms, which have very strong interactions with the external field, which is conducive to expanding the application field of the material. Therefore, the technology of subnanowires needs further research. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent. To this end, one purpose of the present invention is to provide a tungsten oxide sub-nanowire, which has the flexibility and processability comparable to polymers, and expands the application field of tungsten oxide materials.

[0004] In one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a tungsten oxide sub-nanowire. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the tungsten oxide sub-nanowire is 0.6-1.4 nm. Therefore, the diameter of the tungsten oxide sub-nanowire is small, so that it has a relatively large specific surface area, which helps to improve the sensitivity of the photochromic tungsten oxide sub-nanowire; and the tungsten oxide sub-nanowire has similar flexibility and processability to polymers, and has the dual advantages of inorganic and organic substances, which is conducive to expanding the application field of tungsten oxide materials.

[0005] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the tungsten oxide sub-nanowires form a uniform and stable dispersion system in a polar organic solvent, and the polar organic solvent includes at least one of alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, nitriles, carboxylic acids and amides.

[0006] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the dispersion system and the tungsten oxide sub-nanowire film formed by the dispersion system are both transparent.

[0007] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the tungsten oxide sub-nanowire is blue under ultraviolet light and changes from blue to colorless when placed in a dark place.

[0008] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the color change time of the tungsten oxide sub-nanowire is 0.1 to 2 seconds.

[0009] In another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for preparing the aforementioned tungsten oxide sub-nanowire. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method for preparing tungsten oxide sub-nanowires includes: mixing a tungsten-containing precursor, a surfactant and a first organic solvent to obtain a mixed solution; reacting the mixed solution at 80 to 220°C for a predetermined time to obtain a product mixture; centrifuging and washing the product mixture to obtain tungsten oxide sub-nanowires. Thus, the above method can efficiently prepare tungsten oxide sub-nanowires, and the diameter of the obtained tungsten oxide sub-nanowires is small, so that it has a relatively large specific surface area, which is helpful to improve the sensitivity of the photochromic tungsten oxide sub-nanowires; and the tungsten oxide sub-nanowires have similar flexibility and processability to polymers, and have the dual advantages of inorganic and organic substances, which is conducive to expanding the application field of tungsten oxide materials; and the above preparation method is simple and easy to implement, which is conducive to the realization of industrial mass production; at the same time, the tungsten oxide sub-nanowires prepared by the above method have uniform morphology and size, and can be freely, uniformly and stably dispersed in the solvent.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the reaction conditions also satisfy at least one of the following conditions: the dosage ratio of the tungsten-containing precursor, the surfactant and the first organic solvent is (5-25) mg: (0.5-2) g: 1 ml; the predetermined time is 0.5-48 hours; the mixed liquid is reacted in a closed environment; the mixed liquid is reacted in a hydrothermal reactor.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method for preparing tungsten oxide sub-nanowires further satisfies at least one of the following conditions: the tungsten-containing precursor includes at least one of tungsten fluoride, tungsten chloride, tungsten bromide, tungsten iodide, tungsten sulfide, tungsten selenide, tungsten telluride, carbonyl tungsten, tungsten acetylacetonate and tungsten isopropoxide; the surfactant includes aliphatic alcohols; the first organic solvent includes methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, tert-butanol, benzyl alcohol, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, acetone, butanone, acetonitrile, formamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, acetamide, N,N- at least one of dimethylacetamide, acetic acid, propionic acid, chloroform and dichloromethane; the second organic solvent used for washing comprises at least one of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, tert-butanol, benzyl alcohol, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, acetone, butanone, acetonitrile, formamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, acetamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, acetic acid, propionic acid, ethyl acetate, cyclohexane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, toluene, xylene, trimethylbenzene, chloroform and dichloromethane.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the hydrocarbon main chain in the aliphatic alcohol has 5 to 22 carbon atoms.

[0013] In another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides an application of tungsten oxide sub-nanowires in photodetectors, photosensors, adjustable transparent devices, photoelectric switch devices, and non-self-luminous display devices. Therefore, tungsten oxide sub-nanowires have a relatively wide range of application fields, that is, they have a high application value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0015] Figure 1 is a transmission electron microscope image of tungsten oxide sub-nanowires in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 is a photograph of the tungsten oxide sub-nanowire in Example 1 of the present invention in a dark place;

[0017] Figure 3 This is a photograph of tungsten oxide sub-nanowires in Example 1 of the present invention under ultraviolet light irradiation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The scheme of the present invention will be explained below in conjunction with the embodiments. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention. Where specific techniques or conditions are not indicated in the embodiments, the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this area or the product specifications are used. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer and are all conventional products that can be obtained commercially.

[0019] The present invention is described below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be noted that these embodiments are merely illustrative and do not limit the present invention in any way.

[0020] In one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a tungsten oxide sub-nanowire. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the tungsten oxide sub-nanowire is 0.6-1.4nm, such as 0.6nm, 0.7nm, 0.8nm, 0.9nm, 1.0nm, 1.1nm, 1.2nm, 1.3nm, 1.4nm, etc. Therefore, the diameter of the tungsten oxide sub-nanowire is small, so that it has a relatively large specific surface area, which helps to improve the sensitivity of the photochromic tungsten oxide sub-nanowire; and the tungsten oxide sub-nanowire has similar flexibility and processability to polymers, and has the dual advantages of inorganic and organic substances, which is conducive to expanding the application field of tungsten oxide materials.

[0021] In some embodiments of the present invention, there is no special requirement for the length of the tungsten oxide sub-nanowires, and those skilled in the art can set or prepare tungsten oxide sub-nanowires of a desired length according to requirements.

[0022] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the tungsten oxide sub-nanowire forms a uniform and stable dispersion system in a polar organic solvent, so that a uniformly dispersed tungsten oxide sub-nanowire dispersion system can be obtained. In some embodiments, the polar organic solvent includes at least one of alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, nitriles, carboxylic acids and amides. In some examples, it can be at least one of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, tert-butanol, benzyl alcohol, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, acetone, butanone, acetonitrile, formamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, acetamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, acetic acid, propionic acid, chloroform and dichloromethane. The tungsten oxide sub-nanowire can form a uniform and stable dispersion system in the above organic solvent.

[0023] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the dispersion system and the tungsten oxide sub-nanowire film formed by the dispersion system are both transparent. In this way, the dispersion system and the tungsten oxide sub-nanowire film have high transparency. Among them, there are no special requirements for the specific method of forming the tungsten oxide sub-nanowire film from the dispersion system, and those skilled in the art can flexibly select according to actual needs, such as by spin coating, spray coating, coating, etc.

[0024] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the tungsten oxide sub-nanowire is blue under ultraviolet light, and changes from blue to colorless when placed in a dark place. In this way, the tungsten oxide sub-nanowire can achieve its color change (colorless and blue change) under ultraviolet light and in a dark place, that is, the tungsten oxide sub-nanowire has a good photochromic effect.

[0025] For tungsten oxide materials, electrons in the valence band are excited to the conduction band under the irradiation of ultraviolet light, generating electron-hole pairs, and the photogenerated electrons are captured by hexavalent tungsten to generate pentavalent tungsten. At the same time, the photogenerated holes oxidize the surface reduction species to generate protons to form blue tungsten bronze. Due to the participation of surface species, the larger the specific surface area of ​​the material, the more significant the photochromism. Therefore, the sub-nanowires of tungsten oxide of the present invention have a very sensitive photochromic performance due to their large specific surface area.

[0026] The above-mentioned tungsten oxide sub-nanowires are blue under ultraviolet light, which means that the tungsten oxide sub-nanowires can be blue under ultraviolet light, such as pure ultraviolet light or sunlight. The above-mentioned dark place refers to an environment without ultraviolet light.

[0027] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the color change time of the tungsten oxide sub-nanowire is 0.1 to 2 seconds, such as 0.1s, 0.5s, 0.8s, 1.0s, 1.5s, 2.0s, etc. It can be seen that the tungsten oxide sub-nanowire of the present invention has sensitive photochromic properties and can complete the color change in a shorter time, thereby improving the sensitivity of the device using the tungsten oxide sub-nanowire.

[0028] In another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned tungsten oxide sub-nanowire. Figure 1 , the method for preparing tungsten oxide sub-nanowires comprises:

[0029] S100: mixing a tungsten-containing precursor, a surfactant and a first organic solvent to obtain a mixed solution.

[0030] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the usage ratio of the tungsten-containing precursor, the surfactant and the first organic solvent is (5-25) mg: (0.5-2) g: 1 ml, that is, the mass of the tungsten-containing precursor added per ml of organic solvent is 5-25 mg, and the mass of the surfactant added per ml of organic solvent is 0.5 g to 2 g. This can help improve the yield and efficiency of the prepared product.

[0031] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the tungsten-containing precursor includes at least one of tungsten fluoride, tungsten chloride, tungsten bromide, tungsten iodide, tungsten sulfide, tungsten selenide, tungsten telluride, tungsten carbonyl, tungsten acetylacetonate and tungsten isopropoxide. It can be seen that the preparation method of the present invention has a wide selectivity for tungsten-containing precursors, which is conducive to reducing the preparation cost.

[0032] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the surfactant includes aliphatic alcohols. The surfactant of the material can effectively control the morphology of the formed tungsten oxide sub-nanowires, obtain tungsten oxide sub-nanowires with good morphology, and help improve the preparation efficiency and yield. Moreover, the number of carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon main chain in the aliphatic alcohols can be flexibly selected according to the required length of the tungsten oxide sub-nanowires, wherein the more carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon main chain in the aliphatic alcohols, the more conducive to the preparation of longer tungsten oxide sub-nanowires, and conversely, the fewer carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon main chain in the aliphatic alcohols, the more conducive to the preparation of shorter tungsten oxide sub-nanowires.

[0033] In some specific embodiments, the carbon number of the hydrocarbon main chain in the aliphatic alcohol is 5 to 22, for example, the carbon number of the hydrocarbon main chain can be 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, etc. In this way, the aliphatic alcohols of the above structure can better control the morphology of the formed tungsten oxide sub-nanowires, and the tungsten oxide sub-nanowires of the desired length can be prepared by selecting aliphatic alcohols of appropriate length as surfactants.

[0034] In some embodiments, the hydrocarbon group of a specific compound of the aliphatic alcohol may or may not contain a carbon-carbon double bond and / or a carbon-carbon triple bond, and may or may not contain a branched chain.

[0035] In some examples, the aliphatic alcohol can be at least one of 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, 1-heptanol, 1-octanol, 1-nonanol, 1-decanol, 1-undecanol, 1-dodecanol, 1-tridecanol, 1-tetradecanol, 1-pentadecanol, 1-hexadecanol, 1-heptadecanol, 9-octadecene-1-ol, 11-eicosene-1-ol, 4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaen-1-ol.

[0036] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the specific method of mixing the tungsten-containing precursor, the surfactant and the first organic solvent may be magnetic stirring or mechanical stirring, and the stirring time may be 1 to 60 minutes.

[0037] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the first organic solvent includes at least one of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, tert-butanol, benzyl alcohol, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, acetone, butanone, acetonitrile, formamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, acetamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, acetic acid, propionic acid, chloroform and dichloromethane. It can be seen that the preparation method of the present invention has a wide range of choices for the first organic solvent, which is not only conducive to reducing the preparation cost, but also conducive to reducing the difficulty of preparation; moreover, the selection of the above organic solvent can help to uniformly disperse the raw materials such as tungsten-containing precursors and surfactants, thereby improving the efficiency of the preparation method and facilitating washing in subsequent steps.

[0038] S200: reacting the mixed solution at 80-220°C (e.g., 80°C, 90°C, 100°C, 110°C, 120°C, 130°C, 140°C, 150°C, 160°C, 170°C, 180°C, 190°C, 200°C, 210°C, 220°C, etc.) for a predetermined time to obtain a product mixture. Under the above reaction conditions, tungsten oxide sub-nanowires can be efficiently prepared.

[0039] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the predetermined time of the reaction is 0.5 to 48 hours, such as 0.5 hours, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 7 hours, 10 hours, 12 hours, 15 hours, 18 hours, 20 hours, 25 hours, 30 hours, 35 hours, 40 hours, 45 hours, 48 ​​hours, etc., which effectively ensures that the reaction is more fully carried out.

[0040] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the mixed solution is reacted in a closed environment. In some specific embodiments, the mixed solution is reacted in a hydrothermal reactor, that is, the formation reaction of tungsten oxide sub-nanowires is carried out in a hydrothermal reactor. Therefore, the above conditions can improve production efficiency and obtain tungsten oxide sub-nanowires with high quality and yield.

[0041] S300: centrifugally separating and washing the product mixture to obtain tungsten oxide sub-nanowires.

[0042] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the second organic solvent used for washing includes at least one of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, tert-butanol, benzyl alcohol, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, acetone, butanone, acetonitrile, formamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, acetamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, acetic acid, propionic acid, ethyl acetate, cyclohexane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, toluene, xylene, trimethylbenzene, chloroform and dichloromethane. Thus, non-product (i.e., non-tungsten oxide sub-nanowire) reagents such as solvents and surfactants in the product mixture can be cleaned to obtain relatively pure tungsten oxide sub-nanowires.

[0043] According to the embodiments of the present invention, the above method can efficiently prepare tungsten oxide sub-nanowires, and the diameter of the obtained tungsten oxide sub-nanowires is small, so that they have a relatively large specific surface area, which is helpful to improve the sensitivity of the photochromism of the tungsten oxide sub-nanowires; and the tungsten oxide sub-nanowires have flexibility and processability similar to polymers, and have the dual advantages of inorganic and organic substances, which is conducive to expanding the application field of tungsten oxide materials; moreover, the above preparation method is simple and easy to implement, which is conducive to the realization of industrial mass production; at the same time, the tungsten oxide sub-nanowires prepared by the above method have uniform morphology and size, and can be freely, uniformly and stably dispersed in the solvent.

[0044] In another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides an application of tungsten oxide sub-nanowires in photodetectors, photosensors, adjustable transparent devices, photoelectric switch devices, and non-self-luminous display devices. Therefore, tungsten oxide sub-nanowires have a relatively wide range of application fields, that is, they have a high application value.

[0045] Example

[0046] Example 1

[0047] The preparation method of tungsten oxide sub-nanowires is as follows:

[0048] First, 400 mg of tungsten chloride and 40 ml of 9-octadecene-1-ol were added to a 100 ml polytetrafluoroethylene liner of a hydrothermal reactor, and the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes. Then, 40 ml of isopropanol was added and stirred for 10 minutes to obtain a mixed solution. Subsequently, the mixed solution was sealed in a hydrothermal reactor and heated at 150° C. for 4 hours to obtain a product mixture. After cooling, the product mixture was transferred to a 200 ml beaker, 80 ml of cyclohexane was added, and the mixture was centrifuged. The precipitate was washed twice with cyclohexane to obtain 300 mg of tungsten oxide sub-nanowires.

[0049] The transmission electron microscopy images of the obtained tungsten oxide sub-nanowires can be found in Figure 1 , it can be seen that the prepared tungsten oxide sub-nanowires have good morphology.

[0050] The obtained tungsten oxide sub-nanowires are dispersed in isopropanol to obtain a tungsten oxide sub-nanowire dispersion liquid, and the tungsten oxide sub-nanowire dispersion liquid is placed in a dark place. The tungsten oxide sub-nanowire dispersion liquid is colorless and transparent. Figure 2 As shown in the figure, when the tungsten oxide sub-nanowire dispersion is transferred from a dark place to an environment irradiated by ultraviolet light, the tungsten oxide sub-nanowire dispersion quickly changes from colorless to dark blue, as shown in the figure. Figure 3 As shown, when the tungsten oxide sub-nanowire dispersion is transferred from an environment irradiated by ultraviolet light to a dark place, the tungsten oxide sub-nanowire dispersion also quickly changes from dark blue to colorless. It can be seen that the tungsten oxide sub-nanowire of the present invention has good and sensitive photochromic properties, and realizes its transition between colorless and blue.

[0051] 1 mg of the above-obtained tungsten oxide sub-nanowires were dispersed in 1 mL of acetone, and the resulting solution had a viscosity of 60 Pa·s, and the solution exhibited shear thinning properties, that is, the viscosity decreased with increasing shear rate; 5 mg of tungsten oxide sub-nanowires were dispersed in 1 mL of acetone, and the solvent solidified to form a gel after 1 hour. It can be seen that tungsten oxide sub-nanowires exhibited flexibility and rheological properties similar to those of polymers.

[0052] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0053] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, unless they are contradictory.

[0054] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tungsten oxide sub-nanowire, characterized in that: The diameter of the tungsten oxide sub-nanowire is 0.6-1.4 nm.

2. The tungsten oxide sub-nanowire according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tungsten oxide sub-nanowires form a uniform and stable dispersion system in a polar organic solvent, and the polar organic solvent includes at least one of alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, nitriles, carboxylic acids and amides.

3. The tungsten oxide sub-nanowire according to claim 2, characterized in that: The dispersion system and the tungsten oxide sub-nanowire film formed by the dispersion system are both transparent.

4. The tungsten oxide sub-nanowire according to claim 3, characterized in that: The tungsten oxide sub-nanowire is blue under ultraviolet light and changes from blue to colorless when placed in a dark place.

5. The tungsten oxide sub-nanowire according to claim 4, characterized in that: The color change time of the tungsten oxide sub-nanowire is 0.1 to 2 seconds.

6. A method for preparing the tungsten oxide sub-nanowire according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: include: Mixing a tungsten-containing precursor, a surfactant and a first organic solvent to obtain a mixed solution; reacting the mixed solution at 80-220° C. for a predetermined time to obtain a product mixture; The product mixture is centrifuged and washed to obtain tungsten oxide sub-nanowires.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The reaction conditions also satisfy at least one of the following conditions: The usage ratio of the tungsten-containing precursor, the surfactant and the first organic solvent is (5-25) mg: (0.5-2) g: 1 ml; The scheduled time is 0.5 to 48 hours; The mixed solution is reacted in a closed environment; The mixed solution is reacted in a hydrothermal reactor.

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that At least one of the following conditions is also met: The tungsten-containing precursor includes at least one of tungsten fluoride, tungsten chloride, tungsten bromide, tungsten iodide, tungsten sulfide, tungsten selenide, tungsten telluride, tungsten carbonyl, tungsten acetylacetonate and tungsten isopropoxide; The surfactant includes aliphatic alcohols; The first organic solvent comprises at least one of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, tert-butanol, benzyl alcohol, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, acetone, butanone, acetonitrile, formamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, acetamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, acetic acid, propionic acid, chloroform and dichloromethane; The second organic solvent used for washing includes at least one of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, tert-butanol, benzyl alcohol, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, acetone, butanone, acetonitrile, formamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, acetamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, acetic acid, propionic acid, ethyl acetate, cyclohexane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, toluene, xylene, trimethylbenzene, chloroform and dichloromethane.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that The hydrocarbon main chain of the aliphatic alcohols has 5 to 22 carbon atoms.

10. Use of the tungsten oxide sub-nanowire according to any one of claims 1 to 5 and the tungsten oxide sub-nanowire prepared by the method according to any one of claims 6 to 9 in photodetectors, photosensors, tunable transparent devices, photoelectric switch devices, and non-self-luminous display devices.

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