Downward-dip water-containing rock slope ecological protection method

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological protection method for a down-dip water-containing rock slope, which relates to the technical field of ecological protection slope protection, and sequentially comprises ecological restoration of the slope surface of the slope and ecological restoration of the platform surface of the slope, ecological restoration of the slope surface sequentially comprises the steps of slope surface cleaning, drilling and vine planting, water drainage hole forming and vegetation concrete spraying of a base layer and a surface layer. The ecological restoration of the platform surface sequentially comprises the steps of cleaning the platform surface, laying an impermeable layer, building an enclosure retaining wall, planting oriental arborvitae and Japanese creeper in the enclosure retaining wall, building a soil retaining ridge, planting ridge plants, arranging a soil covering layer and planting traditional Chinese medicine plants. The greening of the slope surface can be accelerated by using the vegetation concrete and the drilling planting rattan; the slope rock mass is effectively prevented from sliding along the bedding, meanwhile, the down-dip slope is greened, and the ecological protection effect of an existing down-dip rock slope is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ecological protection and slope protection, in particular to an ecological protection method for a slope with water-bearing rock mass. Background Art

[0002] Slope stability is the premise of safe and orderly mining in open-pit mines. The combined effects of slope and groundwater are extremely detrimental to the safety and stability of rock slopes. Research on the stabilization technology of slope-bearing water-bearing rock slopes has important practical application value in guiding mine safety production. At the same time, ecological restoration of rock slopes is an important part of green mine construction.

[0003] Therefore, on the basis of ensuring the safety and stability of the inclined water-bearing rock slope, adopting effective ecological restoration technology has important guiding significance for the safe production of mines and the construction of green mines. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an ecological protection method for a water-bearing rock slope in a forward-dipping direction, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, realize the greening of the slope, and improve the stability of the slope.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions: The present invention provides an ecological protection method for a water-bearing rock slope, comprising the following steps: S1, first carry out the following ecological restoration steps on the slope surface in sequence: cleaning the slope surface; A plurality of boreholes and a plurality of drainage holes are arranged on the slope surface, each of the boreholes is used for planting vines, and each of the drainage holes penetrates deep into the aquifer; Spraying a base layer and a surface layer composed of vegetation concrete on the slope surface, wherein the base layer is located on a side of the surface layer close to the slope surface, the surface layer also contains plant seeds, and the concrete contains plant fibers; S2, then sequentially perform the following ecological restoration steps on the platform surface of the slope connected to the slope surface below: Cleaning the platform surface; Laying an anti-seepage layer on the platform surface; A retaining wall is built on the side of the platform surface close to the slope surface, and arborvitae and creepers are planted in the retaining wall. A retaining ridge is built at the edge of the platform surface away from the slope surface, and ridge plants are planted on the retaining ridge. A covering soil layer is arranged on the platform surface between the enclosed retaining wall and the retaining ridge, and Chinese medicinal plants are planted in the covering soil layer.

[0006] Preferably, in S1, before spraying the vegetation concrete on the slope surface, a mesh is hung on the slope surface, wherein a gap of 2 cm to 3 cm is left between the mesh and the slope surface; and the spraying thickness of the vegetation concrete is 10 cm to 12 cm.

[0007] Preferably, the drainage hole extends into the aquifer by no less than 30 cm, and the angle between the drainage hole and the horizontal plane is 25°~35°, and the orifice of the drainage hole is lower than the bottom of the hole.

[0008] Preferably, the plant seeds in the surface layer are a mixture of alfalfa, Lespedeza and ryegrass.

[0009] Preferably, the vegetation concrete includes basic materials and auxiliary materials, the basic materials are iron tailings, and the auxiliary materials include at least Quaternary topsoil in the mining area, sulphoaluminate cement, the plant fiber, organic filler, water retaining agent, and quick-acting fertilizer.

[0010] Preferably, the thickness of the base layer is 9 cm to 10 cm, the thickness of the surface layer is 2 cm to 3 cm, and the surface layer is sprayed before the base layer is finally set.

[0011] Preferably, in S2, a drainage outlet is provided on the enclosing retaining wall.

[0012] Preferably, the longitudinal section of the retaining ridge is trapezoidal, and the top surface of the retaining ridge is planted with cypress, and the surfaces of the retaining ridge except the top surface are covered with non-woven fabric and then planted with ryegrass; the cypress and the ryegrass together constitute the ridge plants.

[0013] Preferably, the covering soil layer is Quaternary topsoil in the mining area with a thickness of not less than 50 cm.

[0014] Preferably, a seamless steel pipe is placed in the drill hole, and the seamless steel pipe is embedded in the slope perpendicular to the rock bedding direction, the lower end of the seamless steel pipe passes through the potential sliding surface for more than 100 cm, and the upper end of the seamless steel pipe is exposed 15 cm from the slope; if the distance between the inside of the seamless steel pipe and the upper end of the seamless steel pipe exceeds 80 cm, the exceeding part is filled with fine sand, and the seamless steel pipe between the top surface of the fine sand and the upper end opening of the seamless steel pipe is filled with nutrient soil; if the distance between the inside of the seamless steel pipe and the upper end of the seamless steel pipe does not exceed 80 cm, the seamless steel pipe is directly filled with nutrient soil.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects: The ecological protection method for the inclined water-bearing rock slope provided by the present invention can quickly restore the green of the rock slope by ecologically restoring the slope surface and the platform surface in sequence, and at the same time, it can reinforce the inclined slope. In the ecological restoration of the slope surface, loose stones, debris and unstable soil on the slope surface are removed to allow subsequent protective materials to adhere better, thereby creating a relatively flat and stable basic environment for plant growth and reducing the instability caused by the sliding of clutter on the slope surface. The drilling holes provide space for vines to take root, and the roots of the vines subsequently play a role in anchoring the soil and reinforcing the slope surface, thereby enhancing the overall anti-slip properties of the slope surface. force; the drainage holes go deep into the aquifer, which can timely drain the water accumulated in the slope, reduce the pore water pressure, and avoid the expansion of rock cracks and softening of soil on the slope due to excessive water pressure, which will lead to landslides and ensure the stability of the slope; the vegetation concrete at the base is attached to the slope, which enhances the slope's anti-erosion ability and prevents rainwater erosion from causing soil loss on the slope; the surface layer contains plant seeds, which germinate at suitable temperature and humidity. After the plants grow, their roots are entangled on the slope to further consolidate the soil; plant fibers mixed into concrete can reduce concrete shrinkage cracks, improve its durability, maintain the slope protection effect for a long time, and a variety of plants can grow to achieve slope stability. The surface is regreened; in the ecological restoration of the slope platform surface, debris on the platform is removed to stabilize the foundation for subsequent paving and construction work, prevent debris from affecting the construction quality, and indirectly ensure the stability of the entire slope protection system; the laid waterproof layer can prevent a large amount of rainwater from seeping into the slope, control the moisture content of the slope, prevent the deterioration of the mechanical properties of the slope rock and soil due to excessive moisture, maintain the strength of the underlying rock and soil, and ensure the stability of the slope; at the same time, the soil layer above the platform surface is kept at an appropriate humidity to facilitate plant growth; the enclosed retaining wall limits the lateral displacement of the soil inside the platform, provides a stable planting space for arborvitae and creepers, and plants The roots of the plants penetrate into the soil behind the wall to reinforce the soil. The arborvitae can protect the slope from wind, while the creeper can climb on the slope surface to further enhance the reinforcement effect. The retaining ridge blocks the soil on the outside of the platform to prevent it from being lost. The roots of the plants on the ridge also play a role in fixing the soil. The combination of the two enhances the overall stability of the platform. The covering soil layer provides a rooting medium for Chinese medicinal plants. After the plants grow luxuriantly, their roots fix the soil. The roots of numerous plants are intertwined, strengthening the soil structure of the platform and achieving the greening effect of the platform surface. This echoes the greening of the slope, fully achieving the greening of the slope, and can produce Chinese medicinal materials to improve economic benefits.

[0016] Furthermore, a 2cm~3cm gap is maintained between the mesh and the slope. When the vegetation concrete is sprayed, the concrete can penetrate into the gap. After it solidifies, it acts like an "anchor point" to firmly "lock" the mesh and the slope together, allowing the vegetation concrete layer to be more firmly attached to the slope, avoiding the concrete from easily peeling off the slope due to uneven slopes, rain erosion, etc., thereby maintaining a long-term protective effect. When the rock slope is subjected to weathering, rainfall, self-weight, etc., stress concentration will occur on the slope. The mesh covers the slope surface, dispersing the concentrated stress to a larger area, just like putting on a layer of tough "armor" for the slope surface, reducing the risk of expansion and breakage of rock cracks on the slope surface, improving the overall stability of the slope surface, and creating a relatively stable environment for subsequent plant growth; after the vine plants take root in the drilled holes, their stems and vines can climb with the help of the mesh during their growth. With the mesh as a support, the plants can cover the slope surface more regularly and efficiently, promoting the greening coverage of the slope surface and accelerating the greening process; the 10cm~12cm vegetation concrete spraying thickness is enough to form a reliable protective "barrier" to resist external damage such as rain erosion and weathering erosion, and prevent The rock and soil on the slope will suffer serious erosion in a short period of time, so the slope shape must be maintained stable and the slope must be safe. This thickness range can take into account both the protection needs and the plant rooting and growth needs. It will not be too thin, making it difficult for plant roots to take root and insufficient water retention; nor will it be too thick, causing poor soil aeration and hindering the breathing and extension of plant roots. This is conducive to the germination and rooting of plant seeds and their vigorous growth, thereby achieving the purpose of slope regreening. Reasonable thickness limits can avoid material waste and extended construction time caused by excessive spraying, as well as the possibility of secondary rework due to excessive thinness. While ensuring the protection and regreening effects, it also takes into account the economy and convenience of construction.

[0017] Furthermore, the drainage holes are inserted into the aquifer by no less than 30 cm to ensure that they are in full contact with the groundwater-rich area in the slope. A large amount of water accumulated in the aquifer can flow smoothly into the drainage holes, avoiding missing some water due to insufficient contact, effectively reducing the pore water pressure in the slope, maintaining the stability of the mechanical properties of the rock and soil, and preventing the slope from becoming unstable due to excessive water pressure. Sufficient insertion depth ensures that the drainage holes will not be affected by changes in the water level of the aquifer for a long time. Even if the water level rises during the flood season or drops during the dry season, they can still be continuously and stably drained. The drainage function is played in a fixed place, providing strong support for the long-term stability of the slope; the set angle range is in line with the law of natural flow of water under the action of gravity. When the drain hole has such a suitable inclination angle, combined with the natural water level difference formed by the low hole mouth and high hole bottom structure, the accumulated water in the slope can flow out quickly along the hole channel by relying on its own gravity, reducing water flow resistance and avoiding water accumulation in the hole or local slope, thereby improving drainage efficiency, maintaining the dry state of the slope, suppressing landslide risks, maintaining a good hydrological environment in the slope, and laying the foundation for the stability of the slope and subsequent ecological restoration.

[0018] Furthermore, the soil conditions of the sloped water-bearing rock slopes are often relatively poor, with a lack of nutrients and poor water retention capacity. Leguminosae such as alfalfa and Lespedeza have well-developed root systems and can take root in deeper soil layers, absorb limited water and nutrients, and increase their own chances of survival. Ryegrass also has a certain degree of drought resistance and can initially take root and grow in relatively dry slope environments, adapting to this type of poor and water-deficient growth environment. In subsequent slope maintenance or occasional small-scale construction activities, it is inevitable that people will move around. The combination of these three plants is relatively resistant to trampling and can quickly self-repair after being trampled, maintaining slope vegetation coverage and will not easily destroy vegetation communities due to human interference, thus ensuring the sustainability of ecological protection. Ryegrass is a fast-growing herb that can germinate and grow tender green leaves in a short period of time, quickly covering the slope and initially presenting a green landscape. Alfalfa and Lespedeza are slightly slower but will also grow in succession. Together, they can quickly shorten the cycle from construction protection to initial regreening of the slope. Alfalfa and Lespedeza are perennial plants, while ryegrass is an annual or biennial plant. Ryegrass grows vigorously in the cold season, while alfalfa and Lespedeza are more vigorous in the warm season. The alternating growth in different seasons allows the slopes to maintain good vegetation coverage throughout the year, avoiding large-scale seasonal baldness and achieving evergreen restoration effects all year round. Alfalfa and Lespedeza are both leguminous plants, and their root systems have symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria that can convert nitrogen in the air into nitrogen-containing compounds that can be absorbed and utilized by plants, increase the nitrogen content in the slope soil, and gradually improve the poor rocky slope soil, creating better soil conditions for the subsequent natural growth and invasion of more plants, and enriching the slope vegetation community. The roots of the three plants crisscross in the slope soil and penetrate deeply into the cracks in the rock and soil to form a dense root network, which is like a natural geogrid that firmly locks soil particles, greatly increasing the shear strength of the slope soil, effectively resisting soil loss caused by rain scouring and weathering erosion, and improving the overall stability of the slope.

[0019] Furthermore, iron tailings are the waste remaining after iron ore beneficiation. Large-scale accumulation not only occupies land, but may also cause environmental pollution. Using them as the basic material for vegetation concrete can turn waste into treasure, reduce the storage capacity pressure of the tailings pond, reduce the cost of tailings management, and conform to the concept of environmental protection and resource recycling; the Quaternary topsoil in the mining area contains certain native soil particles and humus, which can improve the relatively rigid particle structure of iron tailings, make vegetation concrete closer to natural soil texture, and form a relatively loose and breathable environment, creating favorable conditions for plant seed germination and root growth; compared with ordinary silicate cement, sulphoaluminate cement has a faster coagulation and hardening speed, which can allow vegetation concrete to reach a certain strength in a shorter period of time and quickly provide protection for slopes, especially in areas with frequent rainfall. Rapid hardening can prevent the newly sprayed concrete from being washed away by rainwater, ensuring construction quality and protective effectiveness; plant fibers are dispersed in vegetation concrete. When mixed When concrete shrinks due to alternating dry and wet conditions and temperature changes, the fiber can bear part of the tensile stress, inhibit the generation and expansion of cracks, maintain the integrity of the concrete structure, and ensure that the space for plant growth is not damaged. The fiber has a certain adsorption capacity and can absorb and store water and fertilizer, slowly release it to supply plants, and assist plants to survive and grow better in an environment where water is easily lost and nutrients are scarce on the slope. After decomposition, organic fillers release a large amount of nutrients such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to supplement the fertility of the slope soil, meet the nutrient needs of plants at different growth stages, promote seed germination and seedling growth, and help establish plant communities. The slope water evaporates quickly and the drainage conditions are special. The water retaining agent can absorb and store a large amount of water several times its own weight, and then slowly release it during drought periods to maintain the moist state around the plant roots, reduce the risk of plant death due to lack of water, and increase the survival rate of plants. Plant seeds are in urgent need of nutrient supplementation during the germination and early growth stages of seedlings. Quick-acting fertilizers can dissolve quickly in soil moisture, providing plants with key nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, helping seedlings to take root quickly and grow healthily, and ensuring that vegetation covers the slopes as soon as possible.

[0020] Furthermore, the thickness of the base layer is set at 9cm~10cm. This thick size can lay a solid foundation for the entire slope protection system. A sufficiently thick base layer can protect the upper surface layer and subsequent plants from greater external impacts, such as water erosion during heavy rains, and the impact of gravel caused by weathering and peeling of the slope. It uses its own volume and strength to stabilize the slope and prevent the loosening and sliding of the slope rock and soil. At the same time, it also provides a certain depth of rooting space for plant roots, allowing the roots to better anchor on the slope and enhance the root soil fixing effect; the 2cm~3cm thick surface layer is relatively thin and reduces the material while meeting the needs of covering plant seeds. The amount of usage is reduced, and the cost is saved. The thin surface layer will not add too much extra weight to the slope, avoiding excessive pressure on the already fragile slope due to excessive self-weight, which will endanger the stability of the slope. Moreover, the thinner surface layer is more conducive to the contact between seeds and the external environment, such as obtaining sunlight and air, which promotes faster germination of seeds and accelerates the process of slope regreening. The surface layer is sprayed before the final setting of the base layer. At this time, the base concrete is still in a semi-solidified and highly plastic state. After the surface layer is sprayed on, the two can be fully integrated to form a continuous and dense whole, which effectively prevents the subsequent stratification and peeling, ensures the long-term stability of the entire vegetation concrete structure, and maintains the protection and regreening effect.

[0021] Furthermore, plants such as arborvitae and creeper are planted in the enclosing retaining wall. When it rains or is irrigated, the moisture content of the soil behind the wall will increase, and the drain outlet can discharge this excess water in time to prevent the soil behind the wall from being immersed in water for a long time and the pore water pressure from rising, which will cause the shear strength of the soil to decrease, and cause softening and collapse, thereby ensuring the stability of the enclosing retaining wall itself and enabling it to continue to firmly protect the platform soil; timely drainage from the drain outlet can create a suitable soil moisture environment for plants, allowing the root system to maintain normal physiological functions, promote the healthy growth of plants, and ensure the greening effect; when it rains, there will be a large amount of runoff on the slope If these water flows rush directly to the enclosing retaining wall without any guidance, the impact force will be extremely great and the wall will be easily damaged. The drain outlet can divert part of the water flow, reduce the direct impact of the water flow on the enclosing retaining wall, disperse the water flow energy, extend the service life of the wall, and indirectly ensure the integrity of the entire slope protection system; in cold areas, if the accumulated water remains in the wall in winter, it will freeze and expand when the temperature drops, and crack the wall. The drain outlet allows the accumulated water to be discharged in time, eliminating the hidden dangers of damage caused by this freeze-thaw cycle, maintaining the structure of the enclosing retaining wall intact, and enabling it to perform its protective function normally under different seasons and climatic conditions.

[0022] Furthermore, the trapezoidal retaining ridge is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom. This structure conforms to the principles of mechanics, has a lower center of gravity and greater stability. When subjected to lateral pressure from the soil outside the platform and external forces such as rain erosion, the trapezoidal retaining ridge is less likely to topple or partially collapse than other shapes, thereby reliably guarding the soil at the edge of the platform and ensuring the overall stability of the slope. The rolling cypress plant is short and creeping. When planted on the top of the retaining ridge, its branches and vines will gradually spread out in all directions, like a green "blanket", extending from the retaining ridge to the slope surface, filling the vegetation gap that may appear at the junction of the retaining ridge and the slope surface, and strengthening the overall vegetation continuity of the slope. Improve the regreening effect; non-woven fabric covering the other surfaces of the retaining ridge except the top surface can prevent rainwater from directly eroding the soil and reduce soil erosion; at the same time, it can slow down the evaporation rate of soil moisture and maintain soil moisture. On this basis, ryegrass is planted. After the ryegrass takes root and grows, the root system also has the function of fixing the soil. With double protection, the soil of the retaining ridge is more stable and the risk of collapse is reduced; rolling cypress is an evergreen plant, and ryegrass grows vigorously in the cold season. The combination of the two allows the ridge plants to maintain a good coverage state in different seasons, avoiding seasonal vegetation gaps, keeping the slopes green all year round, and continuing to play the dual functions of protection and beautification.

[0023] Furthermore, the topsoil with a thickness of 50cm or more provides ample vertical space for the roots of Chinese medicinal plants to extend downward and stretch. There are many kinds of Chinese medicinal plants, and many varieties have relatively developed root systems. The deep topsoil allows the roots to fully extend and take root without hindrance, absorbing deeper water and nutrients, ensuring the healthy growth of plants and avoiding stunted development or even death due to limited rooting. The Quaternary topsoil in the mining area contains certain humus, minerals and microbial communities. Humus can slowly release nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and continuously replenish fertility for the growth of Chinese medicinal plants. Rich microorganisms participate in the decomposition of organic matter and nutrient circulation in the soil, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and gradually change the soil from its original barren and compacted state to loose, breathable and fertile, suitable for more plants to take root and enrich the vegetation community on the platform surface.

[0024] Furthermore, the seamless steel pipe embedded in the slope perpendicular to the direction of the rock bedding can more efficiently penetrate the rock bedding and form a stable connection with the rock. Since the bedding is a relatively weak surface of the rock, vertical penetration can prevent the steel pipe from sliding along the bedding surface, maximize its anchoring effect, increase the anti-slip resistance of the slope, and improve the overall stability; the lower end passes through the potential sliding surface for more than 100 cm, which means that even in extreme cases, when the slope slides, the steel pipe is still rooted in the stable rock and soil part, like a "steel nail" driven deep into the ground, relying on its own strength to pull the rock and soil above that may slide, preventing large-scale landslides from occurring; the fine sand has good permeability and can drain water quickly, avoiding water accumulation at the bottom of the steel pipe and causing plant root rot, and the nutrient soil is filled between the top surface of the fine sand and the borehole mouth. The nutrient soil is rich in nutrients necessary for plant growth, providing sufficient fertility for the vine plants in the early stage of rooting, taking into account both drainage and nutrient supply needs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the ecological protection method for the inclined water-bearing rock slope provided by the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of the middle A; Figure 3 for Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of point B in the middle.

[0027] In the figure: 1-slope surface; 2-platform surface; 3-potential sliding surface; 4-seamless steel pipe; 5-drainage hole; 6-base layer; 7-surface layer; 8-enclosing retaining wall; 9-retaining ridge; 10-anti-seepage layer; 11-covering layer; 12-stratification. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an ecological protection method for a water-bearing rock slope along the slope, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art, realize the greening of the slope, and improve the stability of the slope.

[0030] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] Embodiment 1 This embodiment provides an ecological protection method for a water-bearing rock slope. Figure 1~Figure 3 As shown, the following steps are included: Specifically, the slope is a slope with a down-dip direction, and the rock mass of the slope contains bedding 12 which is substantially consistent with the direction of the slope, and the strength of the bedding 12 is lower than the strength of the surrounding rocks.

[0032] S1, first carry out the following ecological restoration steps on the slope surface 1 (specifically the slope surface 1 of the upper slope step, the slope step is a down-dipping rock slope formed after mining): Cleaning the slope 1 (such as floating stones on the slope 1); A plurality of boreholes and a plurality of drainage holes 5 are arranged on the slope surface 1, each borehole is used for planting vines, and each drainage hole 5 penetrates into the aquifer; A base layer 6 and a surface layer 7 composed of vegetation concrete are sprayed on the slope surface 1, wherein the base layer 6 is located on the side of the surface layer 7 close to the slope surface 1, the surface layer 7 also contains plant seeds, and the concrete contains plant fibers; S2, then carry out the following ecological restoration steps in sequence on the platform surface 2 (which is a safety platform, cleaning platform or transportation platform formed after mining) of the slope connected to the slope surface below the slope surface 1: Cleaning the platform surface 2 (such as pumice on the platform surface 2); Laying an anti-seepage layer 10 on the platform surface 2; A retaining wall 8 (specifically a mortar-laid rubble retaining wall) is built on the side of the platform surface 2 close to the slope surface 1, and arborvitae and creepers are planted in the retaining wall 8. A retaining ridge 9 is built at the edge of the platform surface 2 away from the slope surface 1, and soil plants are planted on the retaining ridge 9; A covering soil layer 11 is arranged on the platform surface 2 between the retaining wall 8 and the retaining ridge 9, and Chinese medicinal plants (such as Forsythia suspensa, etc.) are planted in the covering soil layer 11.

[0033] By carrying out ecological restoration on slope 1 and platform 2 in sequence, the rock slope can be quickly regreened while reinforcing the slope along the slope. In the ecological restoration of slope 1, loose stones, debris and unstable soil on slope 1 are removed to allow subsequent protective materials to adhere better, creating a relatively flat and stable basic environment for plant growth and reducing the instability caused by the sliding of debris on slope 1. The drilling holes provide space for vines to take root, and the roots of vines subsequently play a role in anchoring the soil and reinforcing slope 1, thereby enhancing the overall anti-slip force of slope 1. The drainage holes 5 penetrate deep into the aquifer to dredge the soil in time. The water in the slope is guided to reduce the pore water pressure, so as to avoid the expansion of rock cracks and softening of soil on the slope 1 due to excessive water pressure, which may lead to landslides and ensure the stability of the slope 1. The vegetation concrete of the base layer 6 is attached to the slope 1 to enhance the anti-erosion ability of the slope 1 and prevent the loss of soil on the slope 1 caused by rain erosion. The surface layer 7 contains plant seeds, which germinate under suitable temperature and humidity. After the plants grow, their roots are entangled on the slope 1 to further consolidate the soil. Plant fibers are mixed into concrete to reduce shrinkage cracks in the concrete, improve its durability, maintain the protection effect of the slope 1 for a long time, and realize the greening of the slope 1 by the growth of various plants. During the ecological restoration of the platform surface 2, debris on the platform is removed to stabilize the foundation for subsequent paving and construction work, prevent debris from affecting the construction quality, and indirectly ensure the stability of the entire slope protection system; the laid waterproof layer can prevent a large amount of rainwater from seeping into the slope, control the water content of the slope, prevent the deterioration of the mechanical properties of the slope rock and soil due to excessive moisture, maintain the strength of the rock and soil below, and ensure the stability of the slope; at the same time, the soil layer 11 above the platform surface 2 is kept at an appropriate humidity to facilitate plant growth; the enclosed retaining wall 8 limits the lateral displacement of the soil inside the platform, provides a stable planting space for arborvitae and creepers, and allows plant roots to penetrate The soil behind the wall is reinforced, and the arborvitae can achieve wind protection for the slope 1, while the creeper can climb on the surface of the slope 1, further enhancing the reinforcement effect; the retaining ridge 9 blocks the soil outside the platform to prevent its loss, and the roots of the plants on the ridge also play a role in fixing the soil. The two work together to enhance the overall stability of the platform; the covering soil layer 11 provides a rooting medium for Chinese medicinal plants. After the plants grow luxuriantly, their roots fix the soil. The roots of many plants are intertwined, strengthening the soil structure of the platform, and at the same time achieving the greening effect of the platform surface 2, echoing the greening of the slope 1, and fully achieving the greening of the slope, and can produce Chinese medicinal materials to improve economic benefits.

[0034] Among them, other related settings for the ecological restoration of slope surface 1 are as follows: In the optional scheme of this embodiment, it is more preferred that the drainage holes 5 extend into the aquifer by no less than 30 cm, and the spacing is determined according to field tests to ensure that the groundwater near the potential sliding surface 3 is drained, and the angle between the drainage holes 5 and the horizontal plane is 25°~35° (preferably about 30°), and the orifice of the drainage holes 5 is lower than the bottom of the hole. Inserting the drainage holes 5 into the aquifer by no less than 30 cm can ensure that they are in full contact with the groundwater-rich area in the slope, and a large amount of water accumulated in the aquifer can flow smoothly into the drainage holes 5 to avoid missing some accumulated water due to insufficient contact, effectively reduce the pore water pressure in the slope, maintain the stability of the mechanical properties of the rock and soil, and prevent the instability of the slope caused by excessive water pressure; sufficient insertion depth ensures that the drainage holes 5 are not affected by the changes in the water level of the aquifer for a long time, and even if the water level rises during the flood season or drops during the dry season, it can still be sustained and stable. The drainage function is effectively exerted, providing strong support for the long-term stability of the slope; the angle range is set in accordance with the law of natural flow of water under the action of gravity. When the drain hole 5 has such a suitable inclination angle, combined with the natural water level difference formed by the low hole mouth and high hole bottom structure, the accumulated water in the slope can flow out quickly along the hole channel relying on its own gravity, reducing water flow resistance, avoiding water accumulation in the hole or local slope, improving drainage efficiency, maintaining the dry state of the slope, suppressing landslide hazards, maintaining a good hydrological environment in the slope, and laying a foundation for the stability of the slope and subsequent ecological restoration.

[0035] In the optional scheme of this embodiment, it is more preferred that Figure 1As shown, a seamless steel pipe 4 is placed in the borehole, and the seamless steel pipe 4 is embedded in the slope perpendicular to the rock bedding 12 direction. The length of the lower end of the seamless steel pipe 4 passing through the potential sliding surface 3 is more than 100 cm, and the length of the upper end of the seamless steel pipe 4 exposed from the slope 1 is 15 cm; if the distance between the seamless steel pipe 4 and the upper end of the seamless steel pipe 4 exceeds 80 cm, the exceeding part is filled with fine sand, and the seamless steel pipe 4 between the top surface of the fine sand and the upper end opening of the seamless steel pipe 4 is filled with nutrient soil; if the distance between the seamless steel pipe 4 and the upper end of the seamless steel pipe 4 does not exceed 80 cm, the seamless steel pipe 4 is directly filled with nutrient soil. The seamless steel pipe 4 embedded in the slope perpendicular to the direction of the rock bedding 12 can more efficiently penetrate the rock bedding 12 and form a stable connection with the rock. Since the bedding 12 is a relatively weak surface of the rock, vertical penetration can prevent the steel pipe from sliding along the bedding 12 surface, maximize its anchoring effect, increase the anti-slip resistance of the slope, and improve the overall stability; the lower end passes through the potential sliding surface 3 at more than 100 cm, which means that even in extreme cases, when the slope slides, the steel pipe is still rooted in the stable rock and soil part, like a "steel nail" driven deep into the ground, relying on its own strength to pull the rock and soil above that may slide, and prevent large-scale landslides from occurring; the fine sand has good water permeability and can drain water quickly, avoiding water accumulation at the bottom of the steel pipe and causing plant root rot, and the nutrient soil is filled between the top surface of the fine sand and the borehole mouth. The nutrient soil is rich in nutrients necessary for plant growth, providing sufficient fertility for the vine plants in the early stage of rooting, taking into account both drainage and nutrient supply needs.

[0036] Specifically, the outer diameter of the seamless steel pipe 4 is 70 mm, and the thickness thereof is not less than 3.5 mm.

[0037] Specifically, before the seamless steel pipe 4 is embedded into the slope, a hole is drilled on the slope with a drilling rig. The diameter of the hole is 70 mm, and the depth of the hole is preferably 100 cm long enough to pass through the potential sliding surface 3. After the drilling construction is completed, the rock debris in the hole needs to be cleaned up.

[0038] Specifically, the outer wall of the seamless steel pipe 4 should fit closely with the wall of the drilled hole.

[0039] Specifically, a seamless steel pipe 4 with an outer diameter of 70 mm is placed in a borehole with a hole diameter of 70 mm. The length of the bottom end of the steel pipe penetrating the potential sliding surface 3 should be no less than 100 cm, and the length of the top end of the steel pipe exposed on the slope 1 should be 15 cm. After the drilling construction is completed, the rock cuttings in the borehole need to be cleaned up, and the outer wall of the steel pipe should fit closely with the borehole wall. If the length of the steel pipe exceeds 80 cm, the excess part should be filled with fine sand, and nutrient soil should be filled from the top surface of the fine sand to the hole mouth. If the length of the steel pipe does not exceed 80 cm, the nutrient soil is directly filled into the steel pipe. The longitudinal and transverse spacing of the steel pipe and the spacing from the top and bottom of the slope are all 2 m, and they are arranged in a plum blossom shape.

[0040] Among the optional schemes of this embodiment, it is more preferred that, in S1, before the vegetation concrete is sprayed on the slope 1, a mesh is hung on the slope 1, wherein a gap of 2cm~3cm is left between the mesh and the slope 1; and the sprayed vegetation concrete is 10cm~12cm thick. A gap of 2cm~3cm is left between the mesh and the slope 1, and when the vegetation concrete is sprayed, the concrete can penetrate into the gap, and after solidification, it is like a "anchor point" to firmly "lock" the mesh and the slope 1 together, so that the vegetation concrete layer is more firmly attached to the slope 1, avoiding the concrete from easily peeling off the slope 1 due to the unevenness of the slope 1, rain erosion, etc., and maintaining a long-term protective effect; when the rock slope is subjected to weathering, rainfall, deadweight, etc., the slope 1 will produce stress concentration phenomenon. The mesh covers the slope 1, dispersing the concentrated stress to a larger range, just like putting on a layer of tough "armor" for the slope 1, reducing the risk of rock crack expansion and breakage on the slope 1, improving the overall stability of the slope 1, and creating a relatively stable environment for subsequent plant growth; after the vine plants take root in the drilled holes, their stems and vines can climb with the help of the mesh during their growth. With the mesh as a support, the plants can cover the slope 1 more regularly and efficiently, promoting the greening coverage of the slope 1 and accelerating the greening process; the 10cm~12cm vegetation concrete spraying thickness is enough to form a reliable protective "barrier" to resist external damage such as rain erosion and weathering erosion. Prevent the rock and soil of slope 1 from suffering serious erosion in a short period of time, maintain the stability of slope 1, and protect the safety of the slope; this thickness range can take into account both the protection needs and the rooting and growth needs of plants. It will not be too thin, making it difficult for plant roots to take root and insufficient water retention; nor will it be too thick, resulting in poor soil permeability, hindering the breathing and extension of plant roots, which is conducive to the germination and rooting of plant seeds and their vigorous growth, thereby achieving the purpose of slope regreening; reasonably limit the thickness to avoid material waste and extended construction time caused by excessively thick spraying, as well as the situation where secondary rework may be required due to excessively thin spraying. While ensuring the protection and regreening effects, it also takes into account the economy and convenience of construction.

[0041] In the optional scheme of this embodiment, it is more preferred that the plant seeds in the surface layer 7 are a mixture of alfalfa, lespedeza and ryegrass. Specifically, the dosage is determined according to the actual germination rate of various seeds to ensure that there is one plant per 100 cm2. The soil conditions of the sloped water-bearing rock slopes are often relatively poor, with a lack of nutrients and poor water retention capacity. Leguminosae such as alfalfa and Lespedeza have well-developed root systems and can take root in deeper soil layers to absorb limited water and nutrients, thereby increasing their own chances of survival. Ryegrass also has a certain degree of drought resistance and can initially take root and grow in a relatively dry slope environment, adapting to this type of poor and water-deficient growth environment. In subsequent slope maintenance or occasional small-scale construction activities, it is inevitable that people will move around. The combination of these three plants is relatively resistant to trampling and can quickly self-repair after being trampled, maintaining the vegetation coverage of the slope, and will not easily destroy the vegetation community due to human interference, thus ensuring the sustainability of ecological protection. Ryegrass is a fast-growing herb that can germinate and grow tender green leaves in a short period of time, quickly covering the slope and initially presenting a green landscape. Alfalfa and Lespedeza are slightly slower but will also grow in succession. Together, they can quickly shorten the cycle from construction protection to initial regreening of the slope. Lespedeza is a perennial plant, while ryegrass is an annual or biennial plant. Ryegrass grows vigorously in the cold season, while alfalfa and lespedeza are more vigorous in the warm season. The alternating growth in different seasons allows the slope to maintain good vegetation coverage throughout the year, avoids large-scale seasonal baldness, and achieves an evergreen regreening effect. Alfalfa and lespedeza are both leguminous plants, and their root systems have symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria that can convert nitrogen in the air into nitrogen-containing compounds that can be absorbed and utilized by plants, increase the nitrogen content in the soil on slope 1, and gradually improve the poor rocky slope soil, creating better soil conditions for the subsequent natural growth and invasion of more plants, and enriching the vegetation community on slope 1. The roots of the three plants crisscross in the soil on slope 1 and penetrate deeply into the cracks in the rock and soil to form a dense root network, which is like a natural geogrid that firmly locks soil particles, greatly increases the shear strength of the soil on slope 1, effectively resists soil loss caused by rain scouring and weathering erosion, and improves the overall stability of the slope.

[0042] In the optional scheme of this embodiment, it is more preferred that the vegetation concrete includes basic materials and auxiliary materials, the basic material is iron tailings, and the auxiliary materials include at least Quaternary topsoil in the mining area, sulfoaluminate cement, plant fiber, organic filler (mushroom residue, furfural residue), water retaining agent, and quick-acting fertilizer. Iron tailings are the waste left after iron ore beneficiation. Large amounts of accumulation not only occupy land, but may also cause environmental pollution. Using them as the basic material for vegetation concrete can turn waste into treasure, reduce the storage capacity pressure of the tailings pond, reduce the cost of tailings management, and also conform to the concept of environmental protection and resource recycling; the Quaternary topsoil in the mining area contains certain native soil particles and humus, which can improve the relatively rigid particle structure of iron tailings, make vegetation concrete closer to the natural soil texture, and form a relatively loose and breathable environment, creating favorable conditions for plant seed germination and root growth; compared with ordinary silicate cement, sulphoaluminate cement has a faster coagulation and hardening speed, which can allow vegetation concrete to reach a certain strength in a shorter period of time and quickly provide protection for slopes1, especially in areas with frequent rainfall. Rapid hardening can prevent the newly sprayed concrete from being washed away by rainwater, ensuring construction quality and protective effectiveness; plant fibers are dispersed in vegetation concrete. When concrete When shrinkage occurs due to alternating dry and wet and temperature changes, the fiber can bear part of the tensile stress, inhibit the generation and expansion of cracks, maintain the integrity of the concrete structure, and ensure that the growth space of plants is not damaged. The fiber has a certain adsorption capacity and can absorb and store water and fertilizer, slowly release it to supply plants, and assist plants to survive and grow better in an environment where water is easily lost and nutrients are scarce on the slope; after decomposition, the organic filler releases a large amount of nutrients such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to supplement the soil fertility on the slope, meet the nutrient needs of plants at different growth stages, promote seed germination and seedling growth, and help establish plant communities; the slope water evaporates quickly and the drainage conditions are special. The water retaining agent can absorb and store a large amount of water several times its own weight, and then slowly release it during drought periods to maintain the moist state around the plant roots, reduce the risk of plant death due to lack of water, and improve the survival rate of plants; plant seeds are in urgent need of nutrient supplementation during the germination and initial growth stages of seedlings. Quick-acting fertilizers can quickly dissolve in soil moisture, providing plants with key nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, helping seedlings to take root quickly and thrive, and ensuring that vegetation covers the slope as soon as possible1.

[0043] Specifically, iron tailings and industrial solid waste are used to prepare vegetation concrete, which can achieve the purpose of waste recovery while reducing the cost of ecological restoration of mining slopes.

[0044] In the optional scheme of this embodiment, it is more preferred that Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the thickness of the base layer 6 is 9cm~10cm, the thickness of the surface layer 7 is 2cm~3cm, and the surface layer 7 is sprayed before the base layer 6 is finally set. The thickness of the base layer 6 is set at 9cm~10cm. This thick size can lay a solid foundation for the entire slope 1 protection system. A sufficiently thick base layer 6 can protect the upper surface layer 7 and the subsequent plants from greater external impacts, such as water erosion during heavy rains, and the impact of gravel caused by weathering and peeling of the slope 1. It uses its own volume and strength to stabilize the slope 1 and prevent the rock and soil on the slope 1 from loosening and sliding. At the same time, it also provides a certain depth of rooting space for the plant roots, allowing the roots to better anchor on the slope 1 and enhance the root soil fixing effect; the 2cm~3cm thick surface layer 7 is relatively thin and light, which reduces the material consumption while meeting the needs of covering plant seeds. , saving costs, the thin surface layer 7 will not add too much extra weight to the slope 1, avoiding excessive pressure on the already fragile slope due to excessive deadweight, endangering the stability of the slope, and the thinner surface layer 7 is more conducive to the contact between seeds and the external environment, such as obtaining sunlight and air, prompting seeds to germinate faster, and accelerating the process of slope regreening; the surface layer 7 is sprayed before the final setting of the base layer 6. At this time, the concrete of the base layer 6 is still in a semi-solidified and highly plastic state. After the surface layer 7 is sprayed on, the two can be fully integrated to form a continuous and dense whole, effectively preventing the subsequent stratification and peeling, ensuring the long-term stability of the entire vegetation concrete structure, and maintaining the protection and regreening effect.

[0045] Among them, other related settings for ecological restoration of the platform surface 2 of the slope are as follows: Among the optional schemes of this embodiment, it is more preferred that, in S2, a drainage outlet is provided on the enclosing retaining wall 8. Plants such as arborvitae and creeper are planted in the enclosing retaining wall 8. When it rains or is irrigated, the moisture content of the soil behind the wall will increase, and the drainage outlet can timely discharge this part of the excess water, so as to avoid the soil behind the wall from being immersed in water for a long time, and the pore water pressure rises, resulting in the reduction of the shear strength of the soil, softening, and collapse, thereby ensuring the stability of the enclosing retaining wall 8 itself, so that it can continue to firmly protect the platform soil; the drainage outlet can drain water in time, which can create a suitable soil moisture environment for plants, allow the root system to maintain normal physiological functions, promote the healthy growth of plants, and ensure the greening effect; when it rains, a large amount of runoff will gather on the slope 1, If these water flows rush directly to the enclosing retaining wall 8 without any guidance, the impact force will be extremely great and the wall may be easily damaged. The drain outlet can divert part of the water flow to reduce the frontal impact of the water flow on the enclosing retaining wall 8, disperse the water flow energy, extend the service life of the wall, and indirectly ensure the integrity of the entire slope protection system; in cold areas, if the accumulated water remains in the wall in winter, it will freeze and expand when the temperature drops, and crack the wall. The drain outlet allows the accumulated water to be discharged in time, eliminating the hidden dangers of damage caused by this freeze-thaw cycle, maintaining the structure of the enclosing retaining wall 8 intact, and enabling it to perform its protective function normally under different seasons and climatic conditions.

[0046] Specifically, a planting area is enclosed within the enclosed retaining wall 8, and arborvitae and creepers are planted in the planting area.

[0047] Specifically, the planting distance between arborvitae and Parthenocissus tricuspidata is 1m, and the two are staggered when planting, that is, one Parthenocissus tricuspidata is planted in the middle of two arborvitae. After planting, watering and maintenance should be strengthened.

[0048] Specifically, the diameter of the drain outlet is 50 mm.

[0049] Specifically, the anti-seepage layer 10 is compacted clay with a thickness of not less than 10 cm. The anti-seepage layer 10 should be laid evenly without any exposed rocks.

[0050] Specifically, the bottom of the enclosed retaining wall 8 is close to the retaining ridge 9 and is 1 m away from the slope 1, and its height is 0.8 m. The enclosed retaining wall 8 is a mortar-laid rubble stone retaining wall. The size of the rubble stone should not be less than 200 mm, but not too large to avoid affecting the construction efficiency. The mortar grade used for building the retaining wall is M10. The rubble stone or rubble stone should not be weathered, and its uniaxial compressive strength should not be less than 30 MPa.

[0051] In the optional scheme of this embodiment, it is more preferred that Figure 1 As shown, the longitudinal section of the retaining ridge 9 is trapezoidal, and the top surface of the retaining ridge 9 is planted with cypress, and the other surfaces of the retaining ridge 9 except the top surface are covered with non-woven fabric and then planted with ryegrass; the cypress and ryegrass together constitute the ridge plants. The trapezoidal retaining ridge 9 is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom. This structure conforms to the principles of mechanics, has a lower center of gravity and is more stable. When subjected to the lateral pressure of the soil outside the platform and external forces such as rain erosion, the trapezoidal retaining ridge 9 is less likely to topple or partially collapse compared to other shapes, thereby reliably guarding the soil at the edge of the platform and ensuring the overall stability of the slope. The rolling cypress plant is short and creeping. When planted on the top of the retaining ridge 9, its branches and tendrils will gradually spread around, like a green "blanket", extending from the retaining ridge 9 to the slope 1 and covering it, filling the vegetation gap that may appear at the junction of the retaining ridge 9 and the slope 1, and strengthening the overall vegetation continuity of the slope. Improve the regreening effect; non-woven fabric covers the other surfaces of the retaining ridge 9 except the top surface, which can prevent rainwater from directly eroding the soil and reduce soil erosion; at the same time, it can also slow down the evaporation rate of soil moisture and maintain soil moisture. On this basis, ryegrass is planted. After the ryegrass takes root and grows, the root system also has the function of fixing the soil. Under the double guarantee, the soil of the retaining ridge 9 is more stable and the risk of collapse is reduced; rolling cypress is an evergreen plant, and ryegrass grows vigorously in the cold season. The combination of the two allows the ridge plants to maintain a good coverage state in different seasons, avoiding seasonal vegetation gaps, keeping the slopes green all year round, and continuously playing the dual functions of protection and beautification.

[0052] Specifically, the bottom side of the longitudinal section of the retaining ridge 9 is not less than 1.2m, the top side is not less than 0.6m, and the height is not less than 0.6m. The retaining ridge 9 needs to be filled and compacted in layers, and the thickness of each layer is not more than 20cm.

[0053] Specifically, a 2-year-old cypress is planted every 1 m on the top surface of the retaining ridge 9, and perennial ryegrass is planted after covering the other areas with non-woven fabrics.

[0054] In the optional scheme of this embodiment, it is more preferred that the covering soil layer 11 is the Quaternary topsoil of the mining area with a thickness of not less than 50 cm. The topsoil with a thickness of 50 cm and above provides ample vertical space for the downward extension and stretching of the roots of Chinese medicinal plants. There are many kinds of Chinese medicinal plants, and many varieties have relatively developed root systems. The deep topsoil can allow the roots to fully extend and take root without hindrance, absorb deeper water and nutrients, and ensure the healthy growth of plants, avoiding stunted development or even death due to limited rooting; the Quaternary topsoil of the mining area contains certain humus, minerals and microbial communities, and the humus can slowly release nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and continuously replenish fertility for the growth of Chinese medicinal plants; the rich microorganisms participate in the decomposition of organic matter and nutrient circulation in the soil, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and make the soil gradually become loose, breathable and fertile from the original barren and compacted state, suitable for more plants to take root, and enrich the vegetation community of the platform surface 2.

[0055] Specifically, the covering soil layer 11 should not contain large rocks that may affect the subsequent planting of plants, and should be leveled after covering the soil.

[0056] Specifically, in addition to planting mainly Chinese medicinal plants, the soil covering layer 11 may also be sown with seeds of shrubs and leguminous grasses as a supplement to achieve rapid greening of the soil covering layer 11 .

[0057] Among them, about other related settings description: Specifically, the vegetation configuration mode combining trees, shrubs and grasses can effectively improve the overall stability of the artificial ecosystem; the drainage holes 5 not only drain water and reduce the impact of groundwater on slope stability, but also provide part of the irrigation water source for the vegetation of slope ecological restoration.

[0058] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for ecological protection of a water-bearing rock slope, characterized by: The following steps are involved: S1, first carry out the following ecological restoration steps on the slope surface in sequence: cleaning the slope surface; A plurality of boreholes and a plurality of drainage holes are arranged on the slope surface, each of the boreholes is used for planting vines, and each of the drainage holes penetrates deep into the aquifer; Spraying a base layer and a surface layer composed of vegetation concrete on the slope surface, wherein the base layer is located on a side of the surface layer close to the slope surface, the surface layer also contains plant seeds, and the concrete contains plant fibers; S2, then sequentially perform the following ecological restoration steps on the platform surface of the slope connected to the slope surface below: Cleaning the platform surface; Laying an anti-seepage layer on the platform surface; A retaining wall is built on the side of the platform surface close to the slope surface, and arborvitae and creepers are planted in the retaining wall. A retaining ridge is built at the edge of the platform surface away from the slope surface, and ridge plants are planted on the retaining ridge. A covering soil layer is arranged on the platform surface between the enclosed retaining wall and the retaining ridge, and Chinese medicinal plants are planted in the covering soil layer.

2. The ecological protection method for the water-bearing rock slope according to claim 1 is characterized by: In S1, before spraying the vegetation concrete on the slope surface, a mesh is hung on the slope surface, wherein a gap of 2 cm to 3 cm is left between the mesh and the slope surface; and the spraying thickness of the vegetation concrete is 10 cm to 12 cm.

3. The ecological protection method for the water-bearing rock slope according to claim 1 is characterized by: The drainage hole extends into the aquifer by no less than 30 cm, and the angle between the drainage hole and the horizontal plane is 25°~35°, and the orifice of the drainage hole is lower than the bottom of the hole.

4. The ecological protection method for the water-bearing rock slope according to claim 1 is characterized by: The plant seeds in the surface layer are a mixture of alfalfa, lespedeza and ryegrass.

5. The ecological protection method for the water-bearing rock slope according to claim 1 is characterized by: The vegetation concrete includes basic materials and auxiliary materials, wherein the basic materials are iron tailings, and the auxiliary materials at least include Quaternary topsoil in the mining area, sulphoaluminate cement, the plant fiber, organic filler, water retaining agent, and quick-acting fertilizer.

6. The ecological protection method for the water-bearing rock slope according to claim 2 is characterized by: The thickness of the base layer is 9 cm to 10 cm, the thickness of the surface layer is 2 cm to 3 cm, and the surface layer is sprayed before the base layer is finally set.

7. The ecological protection method for the water-bearing rock slope according to claim 1 is characterized by: In S2, a drainage outlet is provided on the enclosing retaining wall.

8. The ecological protection method for the water-bearing rock slope according to claim 1 is characterized by: The longitudinal section of the retaining ridge is trapezoidal, and the top surface of the retaining ridge is planted with rolling cypress, and the other surfaces of the retaining ridge except the top surface are covered with non-woven fabric and then planted with ryegrass; The rolling juniper and the ryegrass together constitute the soil ridge plants.

9. The ecological protection method for the water-bearing rock slope according to claim 1 is characterized by: The overburden layer is Quaternary topsoil in the mining area with a thickness of not less than 50 cm.

10. The ecological protection method for the water-bearing rock slope according to claim 1 is characterized by: A seamless steel pipe is placed in the borehole, and the seamless steel pipe is embedded in the slope perpendicular to the bedding direction of the rock mass, the lower end of the seamless steel pipe passes through the potential sliding surface for more than 100 cm, and the upper end of the seamless steel pipe is exposed 15 cm above the slope surface; If the distance from the upper end of the seamless steel pipe to the seamless steel pipe exceeds 80 cm, the excess part is filled with fine sand, and the seamless steel pipe between the top surface of the fine sand and the upper end opening of the seamless steel pipe is filled with nutrient soil; If the distance between the seamless steel pipe and the upper end of the seamless steel pipe is not more than 80 cm, the nutrient soil is directly filled into the seamless steel pipe.

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