Method for stoping independent gold ore body of polymetallic ore

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of gold ore body stoping, and particularly discloses a polymetallic ore independent gold ore body stoping method which comprises the steps of exploiting, accurate mining, cutting, stoping and transporting, during accurate mining, chambers are excavated in advance, courtyards are cut in all sections for groove broaching, front drainage blasting is carried out after groove broaching is finished, and in order to guarantee the front drainage blasting space, the front drainage blasting is carried out. The method comprises the following steps of: performing partial ore removal in a chamber by utilizing an ore removal car at each section, finally performing mass ore removal on a bottom structure after medium-length hole blasting is completed, dividing into two sections, and when the first section is mined to 50 percent from the middle to two ends by adopting an open-stope method, mining from the middle to two ends by adopting a caving method at the second section, the stoping speed can be increased by filling the chambers of the first section with the waste rocks and the tailings mined in the second section and mining the jambs, so that the problems that the stoping speed is low and the stoping cost is increased when an existing gold ore body stoping technology is adopted for independent gold ore bodies of polymetallic ore with concentrated gold ore body distribution and good occurrence conditions are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of gold ore body recovery, and in particular to a method for recovering an independent gold ore body in a polymetallic mine. Background Art

[0002] An independent gold ore body in a polymetallic ore refers to an ore body containing gold in a ore deposit where multiple metals coexist. Gold ore body recovery refers to the process of extracting gold ore from a polymetallic ore block that has completed mining and cutting. The specific recovery method is determined by factors such as the ore deposit and the environment. The recovery methods mainly include open-pit mining, filling mining, and caving mining. Among them, the open-pit mining method is to divide the ore block into a mine room and a pillar, first to mine the mine room and then the pillar, and to support the roof of the goaf with the strength of the surrounding rock itself and the pillar. This recovery method has high requirements on the stability of the ore body and the surrounding rock; the filling mining method is to fill the goaf with filling materials as the recovery working face advances to prevent the ore rock from falling. The filling cost is high for ore bodies with unstable vein output; the caving mining method is to collapse the surrounding rock and fill the goaf at the same time as the recovery working face advances to achieve the purpose of controlling and managing ground pressure. The equipment used in the existing underground mining of gold mines is similar in principle to the underground mining equipment of other ore bodies, but the specific configuration and application may be different.

[0003] In polymetallic ores containing gold, underground mining usually involves steps such as ore development, ore block mining, cutting and recovery. The equipment used in these steps includes drilling rigs, excavators and transportation equipment. Due to the different types of metals in polymetallic ores, the requirements for mining technology and equipment are different. In addition, the purchase of equipment for gold ore body mining will increase costs. For polymetallic ores with concentrated gold ore bodies and good host conditions, the current mining of gold ore bodies in polymetallic ores mostly adopts small-section recovery and backfilling method recovery. However, when recovering in small sections, the recovery speed is slow, the range is small and the host conditions are relatively simple. When recovering in backfilling method, filling materials are sent to the goaf, which increases the recovery cost. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for recovering independent gold ore bodies in polymetallic mines, so as to solve the problems of slow recovery speed and increased recovery cost when using existing gold ore body recovery technology for independent gold ore bodies in polymetallic mines with concentrated gold ore distribution and good occurrence conditions.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the basic scheme provided by the present invention is: a method for recovering an independent gold ore body in a polymetallic mine, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Development: First, divide the mining stage, divide the ore body into a large stage every 60m in the vertical direction, and each large stage is divided into two sections. The height of the vein roadway in the first section is 25m, and the height of the vein roadway in the second section is 35m. Then, dig out the ventilation, drainage, power supply and transportation roadways;

[0007] S2. Mining: Adopt exploration and excavation, first construct the mine tunnel to further explore the ore body's direction, shape and metal content, then construct the vein tunnel. The tunnels are connected by ramps. To ensure the space for the subsequent cutting shaft, a chamber is excavated in the vein tunnel as a loading chamber, and the ore is partially mined in the chamber to ensure sufficient space for the cutting shaft. Finally, the ventilation shaft and pedestrian shaft are constructed;

[0008] S3. Cutting: First, the medium-long hole drilling trolley is used to cut the shaft. The cutting height of the first section is 19.9m, and the cutting height of the second section is 29.9m.

[0009] S4. Mining and transportation: The first section adopts open-pit mining, and the second section adopts caving mining. During mining, medium-deep hole blasting is used to drop the ore, and the ore is dropped into the tunnel along the vein, and then transported to the surface by a scraper;

[0010] S5. Mine ventilation: Fresh air flows from the ventilation skylight through the ramp into the first and second segmental laneways and working areas in sequence. The polluted air is led to the ventilation skylight by the fixed air pressure station laid in the working area and the ventilation skylight, and the polluted air is discharged layer by layer from bottom to top;

[0011] S6. Mine power supply and water supply: A distribution chamber is set up in each section to provide lighting and power supply for the working area. A water tank is set up near the construction site to deliver construction water to the working area through a high-pressure water pump.

[0012] The principle and beneficial effect of the present invention are as follows: when mining is accurate, the chamber is excavated in advance, each section cuts the skylight to make grooves, and positive row blasting is carried out after the groove is finished. In order to ensure the positive row blasting space, the mine car is used in each section to partially mine the mine in the chamber, and also serves as a loading chamber for subsequent mining, which can speed up the mining speed, and the mining speed can be increased by 1.5-2.0 times. When cutting, different sections have different cutting heights. According to the corresponding cutting heights set for the sections, a well is formed by blasting once for subsequent construction, and the well formation speed is increased by 1.5 times. The work efficiency is increased by more than 26% compared with the ordinary method, and the excavation cost is reduced by 4.7%. At the same time, the number of blasting is reduced, and the risk of blasting operation is also reduced. After the medium and deep hole blasting is completed, a large amount of ore is finally discharged from the bottom structure. The caving method reduces the cost of backfill materials, and no additional equipment is required for the mining of gold ore bodies in polymetallic mines.

[0013] Option 2 is the preferred option of the basic option. The mining sequence is to mine the first section first, from the middle to both ends. When the first section is mined to 50%, the second section is also mined from the middle to both ends. When the mining of the first section is completed, the second section is mined from both ends to the middle. Mining the first section and the second section at the same time can speed up the mining speed.

[0014] Option 3 is the preferred basic option. The cutting tunnels in S2 are arranged at the thickest part of the ore body. This can reduce the ore depletion rate from 25% to less than 12%.

[0015] Option 4 is the preferred basic option. In S3, the specifications of the shaft are 2m*2m, the cutting row spacing is 1.2m, and the hole bottom distance is 1.6m-1.7m. It can recover ore to the maximum extent, has a high recovery rate, makes full use of the existing development system, and reduces the development tunnel excavation volume by 760 meters.

[0016] Plan five is the preferred basic plan. In S4, the forward row spacing of medium-deep hole blasting is 1.6m, the hole bottom distance is 2.0m-2.2m, the blastholes are arranged in a fan shape, and then the corner holes that can control the contour of the ore body are arranged, and the corner hole angles are arranged at 50°-55°; the proportion of large ore and root residue after blasting can be reduced, and the proportion of large ore is controlled at 3 pieces / thousand tons, which is about 0.4% or less, and the recovery rate of ore is improved from 80% to more than 88%, thereby reducing the blasting cost, and continuous mining can be achieved within the stage, and the recovery speed can be increased to 1.5 times.

[0017] Option 6 is the preferred basic option. In S4, the ore is directly loaded into trucks through loading chambers inside the mine by shovel loaders and then transported to the surface through the mine roadway. The layout of chute shafts and horizontal transport roadways is reduced, which is simple and fast, and the recovery speed is further improved, which can be increased to 2.0 times.

[0018] Option seven is the preferred option of Option two. The goaf management method is to use a combination of the filling method and the collapse surrounding rock method. When the first section mine room is mined to 50% and the second section begins to be mined, the waste rock and tailings collapsed from the second section are used to fill the mine room. At this time, the pillars of the first section can be mined, and the goaf of the second section is filled with the collapse surrounding rock method; the filling material used in the first section is the waste rock and tailings of the second section, and the second section is filled with collapse surrounding rock, which reduces the cost of goaf management after mining is completed and reduces costs. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention is further described in detail below through specific embodiments:

[0020] Example:

[0021] S1. Development: First, divide the mining stage. The ore body is divided into a large stage every 60m in the vertical direction. Each large stage is divided into two sections. The height of the vein tunnel in the first section is 25m, and the height of the vein tunnel in the second section is 35m. Then, tunnels for ventilation, drainage, power supply and transportation are excavated. The mining sequence is to mine the first section first, from the middle to both ends. When the first section is mined to 50%, the second section is also mined from the middle to both ends. When the first section is mined, the second section is mined from both ends to the middle. The goaf management method is to use the filling method and the caving surrounding rock method in combination. When the first section mine room is mined to 50%, when the second section starts to be mined, the waste rock and tailings collapsed in the second section are used to fill the mine room. At this time, the ore pillars of the first section can be mined, and the caving surrounding rock method is used in the goaf of the second section.

[0022] S2. Mining: The mining method is to dig while exploring. First, the tunneling vehicle, slag scraper and scraper are used to construct the mine tunnel. After further exploring the direction, shape and metal content of the ore body, the tunnel along the vein is constructed. The tunnels are connected by ramps. To ensure the space for the subsequent cutting shaft, a chamber is excavated in the tunnel along the vein. The mine is partially mined in the chamber so that there is enough space for the cutting shaft. Finally, the ventilation shaft and pedestrian shaft are constructed.

[0023] S3. Cutting: First, the medium-long hole drilling trolley is used to cut the shaft. The specifications of the shaft are 2m*2m, the cutting row spacing is 1.2m, and the hole bottom distance is 1.6m-1.7m. The cutting lanes are arranged at the thickest part of the ore body. The cutting height of the first section is 19.9m, and the cutting height of the second section is 29.9m;

[0024] S4. Mining and transportation: The first section adopts the open-pit mining method, and the second section adopts the caving mining method. The ore is dropped by medium-deep hole blasting during mining. The distance between the main row of medium-deep hole blasting is 1.6m, and the distance between the bottom of the hole is 2.0m-2.2m. The blast holes are arranged in a fan shape, and then the corner holes that can control the contour of the ore body are arranged. The angle of the corner holes is arranged at 50°-55°. The medium-deep hole charge is used for charging, so that the dropped ore falls into the vein roadway, and then the ore is directly loaded into the loading chamber inside the stope by the scraper and then transported to the surface through the mine roadway;

[0025] S5. Mine ventilation: Fresh air flows from the ventilation skylight through the ramp into the first and second segmental laneways and working areas respectively. The polluted air is led to the ventilation skylight by the fixed air pressure station laid in the working area and the ventilation skylight, and the polluted air is discharged layer by layer from bottom to top;

[0026] S6. Mine power supply and water supply: A distribution chamber is set up in each section to provide lighting and power supply for the working area. A water tank is set up near the construction site to deliver construction water to the working area through a high-pressure water pump.

[0027] The implementation method of this embodiment is as follows: before mining, the stage is divided first, and the ore body is divided into a large stage every 60m in the vertical direction. Each large stage is divided into two sections. The height of the vein roadway in the first section is 25m, and the height of the vein roadway in the second section is 35m. Then, ventilation, drainage, power supply and transportation channels are excavated, and then the divided sections are excavated into various roadways by excavation trolleys, slag scrapers and scrapers. The mine exit roadway is excavated first, and at the same time, the ore body is further explored, and then the vein roadway is excavated. Then, the various roadways are connected by ramps, and then mining begins. The first section is mined first, and mining is carried out from the middle to both ends. First, a chamber is excavated in the vein roadway, and the mine is partially mined in the chamber so that there is enough space for cutting the skylight. The specifications of the skylight are 2m*2m, the cutting row spacing is 1.2m, the hole bottom distance is 1.6m-1.7m, and the cutting The tunnels are all arranged at the thickest part of the ore body. The cutting height of the first section is 19.9m. After there is enough space, the mine room is mined. Medium-deep hole blasting is used for dropping ore during mining. The positive row spacing of medium-deep hole blasting is 1.6m, and the hole bottom spacing is 2.0m-2.2m. The blastholes are arranged in a fan shape, and then the corner holes that can control the contour of the ore body are arranged. The corner hole angles are arranged at 50°-55°. The medium-deep hole charge device is used for filling, so that the ore falls into the tunnel along the vein, and then the ore is transported out by the shovel loader through the mine exit tunnel. When the first section is mined to 50%, the second section is mined from the middle to both ends, and the waste rock and tailings mined from the second section are filled into the mine room of the first section, and then the ore pillars are recovered. After the mining of the first section is completed, it is mined from top to bottom to the second section, and from both ends to the middle. The goaf of the second section is filled with collapsed surrounding rock.

[0028] During mining, the compressed air station in the mine delivers fresh air into the mine and then discharges the polluted air through the ventilation shaft. The power distribution chamber in the mine provides construction lighting and power supply for the working area, and the high-pressure water pump near the mine delivers construction water to the working area.

[0029] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific structure and characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several deformations and improvements can be made without departing from the structure of the present invention, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for recovering independent gold ore bodies in a polymetallic mine, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Development: First, divide the mining stage, divide the ore body into a large stage every 60m in the vertical direction, and each large stage is divided into two sections. The height of the vein roadway in the first section is 25m, and the height of the vein roadway in the second section is 35m. Then, dig out the ventilation, drainage, power supply and transportation roadways; S2. Mining: Adopt exploration and excavation, first construct the mine tunnel to further explore the ore body's direction, shape and metal content, then construct the vein tunnel. The tunnels are connected by ramps. To ensure the space for the subsequent cutting shaft, a chamber is excavated in the vein tunnel, and the mine is partially mined in the chamber, so that there is enough space for the cutting shaft. Finally, the ventilation shaft and pedestrian shaft are constructed; S3. Cutting: First, the medium-long hole drilling trolley is used to cut the shaft. The cutting height of the first section is 19.9m, and the cutting height of the second section is 29.9m. S4. Mining and transportation: The first section adopts the open-pit mining method, and the second section adopts the caving mining method. During mining, medium-deep hole blasting is used to drop the ore, and the ore is dropped into the tunnel along the vein, and then the ore is transported to the mine exit tunnel by a scraper; S5. Mine ventilation: Fresh air flows from the ventilation skylight through the ramp into the first and second segmental laneways and working areas in sequence. The polluted air is led to the ventilation skylight by the fixed air pressure station laid in the working area and the ventilation skylight, and the polluted air is discharged layer by layer from bottom to top; S6. Power supply and water supply in mine: A distribution chamber is set up in each section to provide lighting and power supply for the working area. A water tank is set up near the construction site, and then the construction water is delivered to the working area.

2. A method for recovering an independent gold ore body in a polymetallic mine according to claim 1, characterized in that The mining order is to mine the first section first, and then mine from the middle to both ends. When the first section is mined to 50%, the second section is also mined from the middle to both ends. When the mining of the first section is completed, the second section is mined from both ends to the middle.

3. The method for recovering an independent gold ore body in a polymetallic mine according to claim 1, characterized in that ,The cutting tunnels in S2 are all arranged at the thickest part of the ore body.

4. The method for recovering an independent gold ore body in a polymetallic mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the specifications of the skylight are 2m*2m, the cutting row spacing is 1.2m, and the hole bottom distance is 1.6m-1.7m.

5. The method for recovering an independent gold ore body in a polymetallic mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, the bottom distance of medium-deep hole blasting is 2.0m-2.2m, the positive row spacing is 1.6m, the blast holes are arranged in a fan shape, and the corner holes that can control the contour of the ore body are arranged at an angle of 50°-55°.

6. The method for recovering an independent gold ore body in a polymetallic mine according to claim 1, characterized in that In S4, the ore is directly loaded into trucks through loading chambers inside the mine by shovel loaders and then transported to the surface through the mine tunnel.

7. The method for recovering an independent gold ore body in a polymetallic mine according to claim 2, characterized in that The goaf management method is to use a combination of filling method and rock collapse method. When the first section mine room is mined to 50% and the second section begins to be mined, the waste rock and tailings collapsed from the second section are used to fill the mine room. At this time, the pillars of the first section can be mined, and the rock collapse method is used in the goaf of the second section.