A multi-stage anchoring energy-releasing anchor device and its use method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a multi-segment anchoring energy-releasing anchor device and a method of using the same, which belongs to the field of rock underground engineering support such as lanes, tunnels and boreholes. It comprises a threaded rod body, a mechanical anchoring device and a movable rod. Under normal conditions, the device utilizes the combined effects of anchoring agent and mechanical anchoring, and the static pull-out force of the anchor rod is higher than that of an ordinary anchor rod. Under the action of dynamic impact load, when the axial impact load on the anchoring area is greater than the bonding force between the rod body and the anchoring agent, the rod body produces a certain tensile deformation to release the kinetic energy accumulated in the rock mass. At the same time, the support frame in the hydraulic cylinder expands outward to prevent the anchor rod from continuing to slip. When the surrounding rock stops deforming, the mechanical anchoring effect of the anchor rod is enhanced to continue to maintain a high static pull-out force. The invented device can both release the kinetic energy accumulated in the rock mass and enhance the anchoring capacity of the anchor rod. It has the advantages of diverse functions, reasonable structure, and economic applicability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of rock underground engineering support such as lanes, tunnels and boreholes, and is a multi-segment anchoring energy-releasing anchor rod device and a method for using the same. Background Art

[0002] As shallow underground mineral resources become increasingly depleted, deep mining has become an important part of the world's mining industry. Rockbursts are a special type of engineering-induced disaster that is prone to occur in deep high-stress areas. As mining depth increases, rockburst disasters in hard and brittle rock masses under high stress conditions become more severe and frequent, which is a bottleneck problem for the future development of deep mineral resources. Anchor rods (cables) and their combined support methods are commonly used support methods in mines around the world today, but traditional anchor rod (cable) support technology is difficult to effectively resist dynamic impact damage such as rockbursts. In order to effectively prevent and control dynamic disasters such as rockbursts induced by deep mining, energy-releasing anchor rods have become an important support form for deep well mines in countries around the world.

[0003] Energy-releasing anchors possess both high static pullout force and the ability to withstand multiple impacts from dynamic loads. Each dynamic impact produces a certain amount of overall slippage or large deformation, thereby releasing the kinetic energy accumulated at the impact end and ensuring the overall stability of the rock mass supported by the energy-releasing support. However, some current energy-releasing anchor products suffer from low deformation, low support force, and low kinetic energy release. For example, Swellex anchors are susceptible to corrosion, exhibit small static pullout displacement, and exhibit low kinetic energy release. Durabar anchors exhibit a significant decrease in bearing capacity when subjected to impact tensile displacements greater than 600mm. Given these challenges, there is an urgent need to develop an anchor that not only exhibits high static anchoring force but also produces large tensile deformation within the surrounding rock mass under dynamic impact, releasing the kinetic energy accumulated within the surrounding rock mass. This anchor can maintain the stability of the surrounding rock mass in the tunnel (stope) under dynamic impacts such as high stress and rockbursts (rockbursts), while also ensuring that the anchor structure is stable and resistant to damage. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Technical problem: The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a multi-section anchoring energy-releasing anchor device and its use method, which not only has a high static anchoring force, but also can produce a large tensile deformation in the surrounding rock body under the action of dynamic impact, releasing the kinetic energy accumulated in the surrounding rock body, so that it can maintain the stability of the tunnel surrounding rock under the action of dynamic impact such as high stress and rock burst.

[0005] Technical solution: The present invention discloses a multi-stage anchoring energy-releasing anchor device, which is characterized by comprising a threaded rod body, a tray and a non-slip four-nut are provided at the tail of the threaded rod body, and the end of the threaded rod body is connected to a movable rod through a mechanical anchoring device;

[0006] The movable rod is a variable diameter rod body with a thick front and a thin back. The side wall of the front end of the thick diameter rod body is provided with a plurality of metal spikes for anchoring, and the tail of the rear end of the thin diameter rod body is provided with a small piston.

[0007] The mechanical anchoring device includes a pump body, the tail of the pump body is connected to the end of the threaded rod body by a thread; a piston cylinder is provided on the inner side of the end of the pump body, and the small piston at the tail of the movable rod is provided in the piston cylinder, and a sealing tightening structure is provided at the opening of the piston cylinder to prevent the small piston from falling out; high-pressure hydraulic oil is provided in the rod cavity in the piston cylinder, so that the small piston is pressed into the piston cylinder; a plurality of hydraulic telescopic anchoring structures connected to the piston cylinder are provided on the outside of the pump body, and the hydraulic telescopic anchoring structure includes a hydraulic cylinder vertically arranged on the outside of the pump body, a large piston is provided in the hydraulic cylinder, and a plurality of support frames that can be extended from the deep of the hydraulic cylinder are provided on the large piston, and all hydraulic telescopic anchoring structures are connected to the oil outlet near the opening of the piston cylinder through an adapter; when the small piston overcomes the pressure of the hydraulic oil and moves, the hydraulic oil enters the hydraulic cylinder through the brick structure along the oil outlet, and the hydraulic oil entering the hydraulic cylinder pushes the large piston to move, thereby driving the support frame to extend out of the hydraulic cylinder and squeeze the rock.

[0008] Furthermore, a grouting plug I is provided in the middle of the middle threaded rod body, and a grouting plug II is provided in the middle of the movable rod; the tray, grouting plug I and the inner wall of the surrounding rock form an anchoring area I. After the anchor rod is installed, grouting is required in the anchoring area I; the anchoring area II is formed by the anchoring agent in the front section of the grouting plug II.

[0009] Furthermore, the adapter and the oil filling hole of the hydraulic cylinder are sealed and connected via an oil pipe.

[0010] Furthermore, the end of the support frame is provided with a metal spike that can penetrate into the rock mass to strengthen the anchoring.

[0011] Furthermore, a grouting hole and an exhaust hole connected to the anchor hole are provided on the tray. After the anchor rod is installed, cement slurry is injected into the anchor area I through the grouting hole, and a safety valve is installed at the port of the exhaust hole facing outside the anchor hole. The safety valve is used to check whether the slurry fills the anchor area I.

[0012] Furthermore, the safety valve includes a metal valve body, in which a spring is used to support a conical extrusion valve disc to achieve sealing; when the slurry fills the anchoring area I, the extrusion valve disc in the metal valve body pushes the spring, thereby causing the safety valve to be opened and the slurry to seep out; when installing the pallet, ensure that the exhaust hole is located at a horizontal height and the grouting hole is located at the bottom to prevent the grouting slurry from failing to fill the anchoring area I.

[0013] A method for using a multi-stage anchoring energy-releasing anchor device, comprising the following steps:

[0014] Connect the threaded rod, mechanical anchoring device, and movable rod together, and install grout plugs I and II at the same time; then check the sealing of the hydraulic oil in the mechanical anchoring device to ensure that there is no "oil leakage"; adjust the support frame on the hydraulic cylinder to ensure that the support frame just touches the surrounding rock in the drill hole in the initial state;

[0015] After drilling the anchor hole at the pre-marked position of the surrounding rock, send the anchoring agent into the anchor hole, and then send the energy-releasing anchor rod device into it so that the anchoring agent is located in the anchoring area II; start the agitator to stir until it is fully stirred; after waiting for the anchoring agent to solidify, install the tray and anti-slip wire nut outside the hole in sequence, and pre-tighten the anti-slip wire nut to make the tray contact with the rock surface in the drilled anchor hole and stick to the rock surface.

[0016] After the energy-releasing anchor device is installed, low-pressure grouting is carried out into the anchoring area I through the grouting hole. As the grouting liquid flows in, the entire area is filled. When the spring in the safety valve is squeezed and the grouting liquid flows out, the grouting is stopped immediately and the safety valve and grouting hole are plugged to prevent the grouting liquid from leaking out.

[0017] Under normal conditions, under the combined action of anchoring area I and anchoring area II and the mechanical anchoring device, the static pull-out force of the anchor rod is higher than that of ordinary anchor rods; under the action of dynamic impact loads such as rock bursts, due to the large impact load, the axial impact load on the anchoring area is greater than the bonding force between the energy-releasing anchor rod device and the anchoring agent, causing the movable rod to move toward the opening of the pump body. The movable rod overcomes the pressure of the hydraulic oil and produces tensile deformation to release the kinetic energy accumulated in the rock mass; under the action of the small piston, when the hydraulic oil enters the hydraulic cylinder, the force generated by the extrusion of the hydraulic oil entering the hydraulic cylinder pushes the large piston up, causing the support frame to expand outward, and the metal spikes on the support frame penetrate into the rock mass. The action of the support frame regulates the slippage of the energy-releasing anchor rod device and curbs further movement; when the surrounding rock stops deforming, the energy-releasing anchor rod device continues to maintain a high static pull-out force under the expansion action of the support frame.

[0018] Beneficial Effects: Due to the adoption of the above-mentioned technical solution, the present invention achieves a high static anchoring force through multi-stage anchoring. Under dynamic impact, not only does the anchor rod undergo tensile deformation to release kinetic energy accumulated within the rock mass, but the deformation of the rod also enables the mechanical anchoring device to enhance the anchoring capacity of the anchor rod, ensuring that the device consistently provides high anchoring force. Furthermore, the device utilizes a safety valve to check the grouting status. This overcomes the shortcomings of existing energy-releasing anchor rods, such as low pullout force, small static load pullout displacement, small kinetic energy release, and susceptibility to damage. Under normal conditions, the anchor rod device utilizes both anchoring agent and mechanical anchoring to enhance the static anchoring force of the anchor rod. Under dynamic impact loads such as rock bursts, when the axial impact load on the anchoring area exceeds the bonding force between the rod and the anchor, the rod undergoes a certain tensile deformation to release the kinetic energy accumulated within the rock mass. Simultaneously, the support frame within the hydraulic cylinder expands outward, regulating the slippage of the rod and curbing further movement through the support frame. When the surrounding rock stops deforming, the support frame, which has expanded outward from the anchor hole, allows the anchor rod to continue to maintain a high static pullout force. It has the advantages of diverse functions, reasonable structure, and economical applicability. It can also effectively reduce the occurrence of accidents and ensure the safety of workers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the anchor hole in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-stage anchoring energy-releasing anchor device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the installation of a multi-stage anchoring energy-releasing anchor device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the mechanical anchoring device of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the hydraulic cylinder in the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 It is a cross-sectional view of the transfer joint and the safety valve of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the threaded rod body and the pump body of the present invention.

[0026] In the figure: 1-surrounding rock, 2-anchor hole, 3-anti-slip nut, 4-threaded rod, 5-tray, 6-mechanical anchoring device, 7-anchoring area I, 8-anchoring area II, 9-slurry stop plug I, 10-slurry stop plug II, 11-grouting hole, 12-exhaust hole, 13-safety valve, 14-movable rod, 15-support frame, 16-large piston, 17-hydraulic oil, 18-adapter, 19-small piston, 20-hydraulic cylinder, 21-oil pipe, 22-oil filling hole, 23-metal valve body, 24-extrusion valve disc, 25-spring, 26-special pump body, 27-oil outlet hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments in the accompanying drawings:

[0028] like Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, a multi-section anchoring energy-releasing anchor bolt device according to the present invention comprises a threaded rod body 4, a mechanical anchoring device 6, and a movable rod 14. The mechanical anchoring device 6 comprises a pump body 26, a hydraulic cylinder 20, and a support frame 15. The rear end of the mechanical anchoring device 6 is connected to the threaded rod body 4 via threads. On the other side is a piston cylinder, which houses a matching small piston 19. The piston cylinder opening is fixedly connected to the movable rod 14, and the movable rod 14 is fixedly connected to the small piston 19. The movable rod 16 is a variable diameter rod. The small diameter section is the same size as the piston rod opening, while the large diameter section is equipped with a metal spike that serves as the anchoring end, enhancing the anchoring effect. A grouting plug II 10, which is the same size as the anchor hole, is installed at the variable diameter section. The grouting plug II 10 forms an anchoring area II 8 with the inner wall of the surrounding rock 1. When the movable rod 14 drives the small piston 19 to move within the pump body 26, hydraulic oil 17 enters the hydraulic cylinder 20, causing the support frame 15 to expand and squeeze the surrounding rock 1, and the mechanical anchoring device 6 is activated.

[0029] like Figure 3 As shown, after drilling the anchor hole 2 at the pre-marked position of the surrounding rock 1, first send the anchoring agent (clay roll, curing agent roll) into the anchor hole 2, and then send the anchor rod in so that the anchoring agent is located in the anchoring area II8; then start the agitator to stir until it is fully stirred; finally, wait for the anchoring agent to solidify, and then install the tray 5 and the anti-slip nut 3 outside the hole in sequence. The tray 5 is in contact with the rock surface and adheres to the rock surface by pre-tightening the anti-slip nut 3. After the anchor rod is installed, low-pressure grouting is carried out into the anchoring area I7 through the grouting hole 11, and the slurry flows in until the entire area is filled; after the spring 25 in the safety valve 13 is squeezed and the slurry flows out, the grouting is immediately stopped and the safety valve 13 and the grouting hole 11 are blocked to prevent the slurry from leaking.

[0030] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-stage anchoring energy release anchor device, characterized by: It comprises a threaded rod body (4), a tray (5) and anti-slip four-nut (3) are provided at the tail of the threaded rod body (4), and the end of the threaded rod body (4) is connected to a movable rod (14) through a mechanical anchoring device (6); The movable rod (14) is a variable diameter rod body with a thick front diameter and a thin rear diameter, wherein the side wall of the front end thick diameter rod body is provided with a plurality of metal spikes for anchoring, and the tail of the rear end thin diameter rod body is provided with a small piston (19); The mechanical anchoring device (6) includes a pump body (26), the tail of the pump body (26) is connected to the end of the threaded rod body (4) through a thread; a piston cylinder is provided on the inner side of the end of the pump body (26), a small piston (19) at the tail of the movable rod (14) is provided in the piston cylinder, and a sealing and tightening structure is provided at the opening of the piston cylinder to prevent the small piston (19) from falling out; a high-pressure hydraulic oil (17) is provided in the rod cavity in the piston cylinder, so that the small piston (19) is pressed to the bottom of the piston cylinder; a plurality of hydraulic telescopic anchoring structures connected to the piston cylinder are provided on the outer side of the pump body (26), and the hydraulic telescopic anchoring structures include hydraulic Cylinder (20), a large piston (16) is provided in the hydraulic cylinder (20), and a plurality of support frames (15) are provided on the large piston (16) that can extend from the hydraulic cylinder (20), and all hydraulic telescopic anchoring structures are connected to the oil outlet (27) near the opening of the piston cylinder through the adapter (18); when the small piston (16) overcomes the pressure of the hydraulic oil (17) and moves, the hydraulic oil (17) enters the hydraulic cylinder (20) along the oil outlet (27) through the adapter (18), and the hydraulic oil (17) entering the hydraulic cylinder (20) pushes the large piston (16) to move, thereby driving the support frame (15) to extend out of the hydraulic cylinder (20) and squeeze the surrounding rock (1).

2. The multi-stage anchoring energy release anchor device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A grouting plug I (9) is provided in the middle of the threaded rod body (4), and a grouting plug II (10) is provided in the middle of the movable rod (14); the tray (5), the grouting plug I (9) and the inner wall of the surrounding rock (1) form an anchoring area I (7); after the anchor rod is installed, grouting is required in the anchoring area I (7); an anchoring agent is used to form an anchoring area II (8) in front of the grouting plug II (10).

3. The multi-stage anchoring energy release anchor device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adapter (18) and the oil filling hole (22) of the hydraulic cylinder (20) are sealed and connected via an oil pipe (21).

4. The multi-stage anchoring energy release anchor device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end of the support frame (15) is provided with a metal thorn that can penetrate into the rock mass to strengthen the anchoring.

5. The multi-stage anchoring energy release anchor device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The tray (5) is provided with a grouting hole (11) and an exhaust hole (12) which are connected to the anchor hole. After the anchor rod is installed, cement slurry is injected into the anchor area I (7) through the grouting hole (11). A safety valve (13) is installed at the port of the exhaust hole (12) facing outside the anchor hole. The safety valve (13) is used to check whether the slurry fills the anchor area I (7).

6. The multi-stage anchoring energy-releasing anchor bolt device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The safety valve (13) includes a metal valve body (23), in which a spring (25) is used to press against a cone-shaped extrusion valve flap (24) to achieve sealing. When the slurry fills the anchoring area I (7), the extrusion valve flap (24) in the metal valve body (23) pushes the spring (25), thereby opening the safety valve (13) and allowing the slurry to seep out. When installing the tray (5), ensure that the exhaust hole (12) is located at a high horizontal position and the grouting hole (11) is located at the bottom to prevent the grouting slurry from failing to fill the anchoring area I (7).

7. A method for using the multi-stage anchoring energy release anchor device according to claim 6, characterized in that Here are the steps: Connect the threaded rod (4), the mechanical anchoring device (6) and the movable rod (14) together, and install the slurry stopper I (9) and the slurry stopper II (10) at the same time; then check the sealing condition of the hydraulic oil (17) in the mechanical anchoring device (6) to ensure that there is no "oil leakage" phenomenon; adjust the support frame (15) on the hydraulic cylinder (20) to ensure that the support frame (15) just touches the surrounding rock (1) in the borehole in the initial state; After drilling an anchor hole (2) at a pre-marked position in the surrounding rock (1), an anchoring agent is fed into the anchor hole (2), and then an energy-releasing anchor rod device is fed in so that the anchoring agent is located in the anchoring area II (8); the agitator is started to stir until the agitation is sufficient; after the anchoring agent solidifies, a tray (5) and an anti-slip nut (3) are sequentially installed outside the hole, and the tray (5) is brought into contact with the rock surface in the drilled anchor hole and is tightly attached to the rock surface by pre-tightening the anti-slip nut (3); After the energy release anchor device is installed, low-pressure grouting is performed into the anchoring area I (7) through the grouting hole (11), and the grouting liquid flows into the entire area; after the spring (25) in the safety valve (13) is squeezed and the grouting liquid flows out, the grouting is immediately stopped and the safety valve (13) and the grouting hole (11) are blocked to prevent the grouting liquid from leaking out; Under normal conditions, under the combined action of anchoring area I (7), anchoring area II (8) and the mechanical anchoring device (6), the static pull-out force of the anchor rod is higher than that of an ordinary anchor rod; under the action of rock burst dynamic impact load, due to the large impact load, the axial impact load on the anchoring area is greater than the bonding force between the energy-releasing anchor rod device and the anchoring agent, causing the movable rod (14) to move toward the opening of the pump body (26), and the movable rod (14) overcomes the pressure of the hydraulic oil (17) to produce tensile deformation to release the kinetic energy accumulated in the rock body; under the action of the small piston Under the action of (19), when the hydraulic oil (17) enters the hydraulic cylinder (20), the hydraulic oil (17) entering the hydraulic cylinder (20) is squeezed and the force generated pushes the large piston (16) to rise, causing the support frame (15) to expand outward, and the metal spikes on the support frame (15) penetrate into the rock mass. The action of the support frame (15) regulates the slippage of the energy-releasing anchor device and curbs further movement; when the surrounding rock (1) stops deforming, under the expansion action of the support frame (15), the energy-releasing anchor device continues to maintain a high static pulling force.

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