Adjusting device for axial thrust of steam turbine under variable working conditions

Abstract

The axial thrust adjusting device comprises a steam turbine body, a balance disc is installed on a rotor of the steam turbine body, a thrust bearing is connected to a stator of the steam turbine body, and a first steam extraction opening and a second steam extraction opening are formed in the steam turbine body. The distance between the first steam extraction opening and a steam inlet of the steam turbine body is smaller than that between the second steam extraction opening and the steam inlet of the steam turbine body, and the steam inlet of the steam turbine body is formed in the middle section of a stator of the steam turbine body. The first steam extraction opening or the second steam extraction opening is automatically selected to be connected according to the temperature change of the thrust pad, so that the change of axial thrust can be responded, the working efficiency is effectively improved, stable operation of a unit under variable working conditions is ensured, supply of lubricating oil is adjusted in time when the temperature of the thrust pad changes, self-lubrication of the thrust bearing is achieved, and the service life of the thrust bearing is prolonged. Friction is effectively reduced, temperature abnormity is prevented, and the reliability and durability of equipment are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of steam turbines, and in particular to a device for adjusting the axial thrust of a steam turbine under variable working conditions. Background Art

[0002] Cogeneration steam turbines are mostly used in industrial production occasions such as chemical, papermaking, and pharmaceuticals. Their operating conditions mainly depend on the electrical load and thermal load requirements. At the same time, due to the needs of industrial production, their boundary conditions such as inlet and exhaust parameters and thermal system status may also have many changes or special requirements, forming more complex variable operating conditions.

[0003] The complex variable operating conditions will cause the axial thrust of the unit to change complexly. Under extreme conditions, there will be a problem that the axial thrust of two or several operating conditions cannot be coordinated, resulting in the thrust bearing on the turbine stator being subjected to a force exceeding the allowable range, causing damage to the thrust bearing and the unit being unable to operate safely. For this reason, Chinese Patent No. CN112412548A proposes an axial thrust adjustment system for a turbine under variable operating conditions and a method for using the same. The axial thrust can be adjusted by opening the first regulating valve and closing the second regulating valve or by opening the second regulating valve and closing the first regulating valve. However, in actual operation, the closing or opening of the first regulating valve and the second regulating valve still need to be manually operated, which has low work efficiency, is difficult to achieve self-adjustment through changes in the thrust bearing temperature, and is inconvenient to use. For this reason, we propose an axial thrust adjustment device for a turbine under variable operating conditions. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings existing in the prior art and to propose a device for adjusting the axial thrust of a steam turbine under variable operating conditions.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A device for adjusting the axial thrust of a steam turbine under variable operating conditions comprises a steam turbine body, a balancing disk is installed on the rotor of the steam turbine body, a thrust bearing is connected to the stator of the steam turbine body, a first steam extraction port and a second steam extraction port are arranged on the steam turbine body, a distance between the first steam extraction port and a steam inlet of the steam turbine body is smaller than a distance between the second steam extraction port and the steam inlet of the steam turbine body, the steam inlet of the steam turbine body is arranged in the middle section of the stator of the steam turbine body, the number of exhaust ports of the steam turbine body is two, the two exhaust ports are respectively located at two ends of the stator of the steam turbine body, an adjustment component is arranged on one side of the steam turbine body, and an oil outlet component is arranged on the adjustment component.

[0007] Preferably, the adjustment assembly includes an adjustment cylinder arranged on one side of the turbine body, an adjustment tube rotatably connected to the top of the adjustment cylinder is penetrated, an adjustment plate is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the adjustment tube, the adjustment plate is slidably connected to the inner wall of the adjustment cylinder, and the adjustment cylinder is provided with a first guide pipe, a second guide pipe and a third guide pipe connected to the interior thereof, an end of the first guide pipe away from the adjustment cylinder is connected to the first steam extraction port, an end of the second guide pipe away from the adjustment cylinder is connected to the second steam extraction port, and an end of the third guide pipe away from the adjustment cylinder is connected to the balance disk.

[0008] Preferably, a vertical plate is fixedly installed on the top of the adjusting cylinder, a horizontal plate is fixedly installed on the top of the vertical plate, and a fixing cylinder is fixedly installed on the bottom of the horizontal plate, a first circular hole is opened at the bottom of the fixing cylinder, a piston slidably connected to its inner wall is arranged in the fixing cylinder, a second connecting rod is fixedly installed at the bottom of the piston, one end of the second connecting rod passes through the first circular hole and is fixedly installed on the connecting plate, a round rod is fixedly installed on the bottom of the connecting plate, a guide groove is opened on the outer side wall of the round rod, one end of the round rod is located inside the adjusting tube, a guide block is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the adjusting tube, the guide block is located in the guide groove and is slidably connected to the guide groove, a fourth guide tube is provided on the fixing cylinder and is connected to its interior, one end of the fourth guide tube connected to the fixing cylinder is located above the piston, and a heat conducting block located at the thrust bearing is arranged at one end of the fourth guide tube away from the fixing cylinder, and a portion of the fourth guide tube and the fixing cylinder located above the piston are both filled with thermal expansion liquid.

[0009] Preferably, the oil outlet assembly includes an oil outlet cylinder fixedly mounted on the top of the adjusting cylinder, a second circular hole is opened on the top of the oil outlet cylinder, an oil outlet plug is arranged in the oil outlet cylinder and is slidably connected to the inner wall thereof, a first connecting rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the oil outlet plug and the connecting plate, a fifth guide pipe and a sixth guide pipe connected to the interior thereof are arranged on the oil outlet cylinder, one end of the fifth guide pipe and the sixth guide pipe connected to the oil outlet cylinder are both located below the oil outlet plug, an oil storage box is arranged on the top of the adjusting cylinder, and one end of the sixth guide pipe away from the oil outlet cylinder is connected to the oil storage box.

[0010] Preferably, the blades of the steam turbine body are distributed in a trumpet shape from the middle section to both sides.

[0011] Preferably, the ends of the first guide tube, the second guide tube and the third guide tube connected to the adjustment tube are distributed at intervals.

[0012] Preferably, the guide groove extends along the axial direction of the round rod and is arc-shaped, and the guide block is a hemispherical structure.

[0013] Preferably, both the fifth guide tube and the sixth guide tube are provided with a one-way valve.

[0014] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0015] By setting up an adjustment component, the adjustment plate can be rotated clockwise or counterclockwise according to the change of the thrust washer temperature, thereby automatically connecting the balancing disk to the first steam extraction port or the second steam extraction port. Compared with the prior art, the present invention can automatically connect the balancing disk to the first steam extraction port or the second steam extraction port according to the change of the thrust washer temperature caused by the change of the axial thrust, thereby improving work efficiency.

[0016] By setting up the adjustment component, it can be connected to the first steam extraction port or the second steam extraction port through the balance disk, so as to realize automatic adjustment of the axial thrust received by the thrust bearing, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the unit.

[0017] By providing an oil outlet assembly, the lubricating oil can be squeezed or sucked during the temperature change of the thrust bearing, thereby enabling self-lubrication of the thrust bearing, reducing friction, and preventing the thrust bearing temperature from further increasing.

[0018] The present invention adjusts the component design to achieve automatic selection of connection to the first steam extraction port or the second steam extraction port according to the change in thrust bearing temperature, thereby being able to respond to changes in axial thrust, effectively improving work efficiency, and ensuring stable operation of the unit under changing working conditions. When the thrust bearing temperature changes, the supply of lubricating oil is adjusted in time to achieve self-lubrication of the thrust bearing, effectively reduce friction, prevent temperature anomalies, and improve the reliability and durability of the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of a device for adjusting the axial thrust of a steam turbine under variable operating conditions proposed by the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of one side of the adjustment component of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the other side of the adjustment assembly of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention after being cut along the axis of the adjustment cylinder;

[0023] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at A in the middle;

[0024] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the adjustment plate of the present invention in one state;

[0025] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the adjustment plate of the present invention in another state;

[0026] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the adjustment plate of the present invention in another state.

[0027] In the figure: 1 turbine body, 2 balance plate, 3 thrust bearing, 4 first steam extraction port, 5 second steam extraction port, 6 adjustment cylinder, 7 first guide pipe, 8 second guide pipe, 9 horizontal plate, 10 oil storage box, 11 third guide pipe, 12 fourth guide pipe, 13 fifth guide pipe, 14 heat transfer block, 15 fixed cylinder, 16 oil outlet cylinder, 17 first connecting rod, 18 round rod, 19 connecting plate, 20 adjustment pipe, 21 guide groove, 22 guide block, 23 sixth guide pipe, 24 second connecting rod, 25 oil outlet plug, 26 adjustment plate, 27 thermal expansion liquid, 28 vertical plate, 29 piston, 30 first circular hole, 31 second circular hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0029] Reference Figure 1-Figure 8 , an adjustment device for axial thrust of a steam turbine under variable working conditions, comprising a steam turbine body 1, a balancing disk 2 is installed on the rotor of the steam turbine body 1, a thrust bearing 3 is connected to the stator of the steam turbine body 1, a first steam extraction port 4 and a second steam extraction port 5 are arranged on the steam turbine body 1, a distance between the first steam extraction port 4 and a steam inlet of the steam turbine body 1 is smaller than a distance between the second steam extraction port 5 and the steam inlet of the steam turbine body 1, the steam inlet of the steam turbine body 1 is arranged in the middle section of the stator of the steam turbine body 1, the number of exhaust ports of the steam turbine body 1 is two, and the two exhaust ports are respectively located at two ends of the stator of the steam turbine body 1, the blades of the steam turbine body 1 are distributed in a trumpet shape from the middle section to both sides, and an adjustment component is arranged on one side of the steam turbine body 1;

[0030] The adjustment assembly includes an adjustment cylinder 6 arranged on one side of the turbine body 1, an adjustment tube 20 rotatably connected to the top of the adjustment cylinder 6 is penetrated, an adjustment plate 26 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the adjustment tube 20, and the adjustment plate 26 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the adjustment cylinder 6, and the adjustment cylinder 6 is provided with a first guide pipe 7, a second guide pipe 8 and a third guide pipe 11 connected to the interior thereof, the first guide pipe 7 away from the adjustment cylinder 6 is connected to the first steam extraction port 4, the second guide pipe 8 away from the adjustment cylinder 6 is connected to the second steam extraction port 5, and the third guide pipe 11 away from the adjustment cylinder 6 is connected to the balance disk 2, a vertical plate 28 is fixedly installed on the top of the adjustment cylinder 6, a horizontal plate 9 is fixedly installed on the top of the vertical plate 28, a fixed cylinder 15 is fixedly installed on the bottom of the horizontal plate 9, a first circular hole 30 is opened at the bottom of the fixed cylinder 15, a piston 29 slidably connected to the inner wall thereof is provided in the fixed cylinder 15, a second connecting rod 24 is fixedly installed on the bottom of the piston 29, and the second connecting rod 2 One end of the adjusting tube 4 passes through the first circular hole 30 and is fixedly installed with a connecting plate 19, a round rod 18 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the connecting plate 19, a guide groove 21 is provided on the outer wall of the round rod 18, one end of the round rod 18 is located inside the adjusting tube 20, a guide block 22 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the adjusting tube 20, the guide block 22 is located in the guide groove 21 and is slidably connected to the guide groove 21, and a fourth guide tube 12 is provided on the fixing tube 15 and is connected to the inside thereof, and the fourth guide tube 12 is connected to the fixing tube 15. 5 is located above the piston 29, the end of the fourth guide tube 12 away from the fixed cylinder 15 is provided with a heat conduction block 14 located at the thrust bearing 3, the fourth guide tube 12 and the fixed cylinder 15 above the piston 29 are filled with thermal expansion liquid 27, the first guide tube 7, the second guide tube 8 and the third guide tube 11 are arranged at intervals at the ends connected to the adjustment cylinder 6, the guide groove 21 extends along the axial direction of the round rod 18 and is arc-shaped, and the guide block 22 is a hemispherical structure;

[0031] An oil outlet assembly is provided on the adjustment assembly, and the oil outlet assembly includes an oil outlet cylinder 16 fixedly mounted on the top of the adjustment cylinder 6, a second circular hole 31 is opened on the top of the oil outlet cylinder 16, an oil outlet plug 25 slidably connected to the inner wall thereof is provided in the oil outlet cylinder 16, a first connecting rod 17 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the oil outlet plug 25 and the connecting plate 19, a fifth guide pipe 13 and a sixth guide pipe 23 connected to the interior thereof are provided on the oil outlet cylinder 16, one end of the fifth guide pipe 13 and the sixth guide pipe 23 connected to the oil outlet cylinder 16 are both located below the oil outlet plug 25, an oil storage box 10 is provided on the top of the adjustment cylinder 6, one end of the sixth guide pipe 23 away from the oil outlet cylinder 16 is connected to the oil storage box 10, and a one-way valve is provided in the fifth guide pipe 13 and the sixth guide pipe 23.

[0032] When the present invention is used, the thrust bearing will be heated up or even burned due to the axial thrust of the rotor. The distance between the first steam extraction port 4 and the steam inlet of the steam turbine body 1 is smaller than the distance between the second steam extraction port 5 and the steam inlet of the steam turbine body 1. Then, the pressure of the first steam extraction port 4 is greater than the pressure of the second steam extraction port 5. The thrust provided by the first steam extraction port 4 to the balancing disk 2 is greater than the thrust provided by the second steam extraction port 5 to the balancing disk 2. The rotor of the steam turbine body 1 is subjected to the internal thrust of the steam turbine body 1 and the thrust provided by the first steam extraction port 4 or the second steam extraction port 5. Under normal circumstances, the state of the adjustment plate 26 is as shown in the attached figure. Figure 6 In the state shown, the third guide pipe 11 connected to the balance plate 2 is not connected to the first guide pipe 7 and the second guide pipe 8;

[0033] When the internal thrust of the turbine body 1 applied to the rotor decreases and the axial resultant force applied to the rotor increases, thereby causing the temperature of the thrust pad to increase, the temperature of the heat-conducting block 14 increases, thereby increasing the temperature of the thermal expansion fluid 27. The thermal expansion temperature of the thermal expansion fluid 27 increases, thereby causing the piston 29 in the fixed cylinder 15 to move downward. By providing the second connecting rod 24 and the connecting plate 19, the round rod 18 can be moved downward. When the round rod 18 moves upward, the first connecting rod 17 is provided to prevent the round rod 18 from rotating. The guide block 22 is located in the guide groove 21 and the guide groove 21 is slidably connected, thereby enabling the guide block 22 to slide in the arc-shaped guide groove 21, and finally causing the adjustment tube 20 and the adjustment plate 26 to move along the attached Figure 6 The state rotates clockwise for a certain angle, and finally as shown in the attached Figure 7 As shown, the third guide pipe 11 can be connected with the second guide pipe 8, so that the second steam extraction port 5 provides thrust to the balancing disk 2. Since the thrust provided by the second steam extraction port 5 to the balancing disk 2 is less than the thrust provided by the first steam extraction port 4 to the balancing disk 2, the resultant axial thrust received by the rotor as a whole is reduced after the steam turbine body 1 is switched to the verification working condition, so that the axial thrust received by the thrust bearing 3 is reduced and the temperature of the thrust pad is lowered, thereby avoiding damage to the thrust bearing 3;

[0034] When the connecting plate 19 moves downward, the first connecting rod 17 is provided to enable the oil outlet plug 25 to move downward, so that the lubricating oil in the oil outlet cylinder 16 can be sprayed out through the fifth guide pipe 13, so that the thrust bearing 3 can be self-lubricated, friction can be reduced, and the thrust bearing temperature can be further prevented from increasing. When the thrust bearing temperature decreases, the temperature of the thermal expansion fluid 27 decreases accordingly, so that the piston 29 can move upward. When the thrust bearing temperature decreases and is lower than the normal temperature, the piston 29 will continue to move upward and continue to slide in the guide groove 21 through the guide block 22, so that the adjustment plate 26 can move along the attached Figure 6 The state rotates counterclockwise, and finally Figure 8As shown, the third guide pipe 11 can be connected with the first guide pipe 7, so that the balance plate 2 is connected with the first steam extraction port 4, and finally the normal operation of the unit is guaranteed. When the piston 29 moves upward, the connecting plate 19 moves upward accordingly, so that the lubricating oil in the oil storage box 10 can be sucked into the oil outlet cylinder 16 through the sixth guide pipe 23 for the next lubrication.

[0035] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for adjusting axial thrust of a steam turbine under variable operating conditions, comprising a steam turbine body (1), characterized in that: A balancing disk (2) is installed on the rotor of the steam turbine body (1), a thrust bearing (3) is connected to the stator of the steam turbine body (1), a first steam extraction port (4) and a second steam extraction port (5) are provided on the steam turbine body (1), the distance between the first steam extraction port (4) and the steam inlet of the steam turbine body (1) is smaller than the distance between the second steam extraction port (5) and the steam inlet of the steam turbine body (1), the steam inlet of the steam turbine body (1) is arranged in the middle section of the stator of the steam turbine body (1), the number of exhaust ports of the steam turbine body (1) is two, and the two exhaust ports are respectively located at two ends of the stator of the steam turbine body (1), an adjustment component is provided on one side of the steam turbine body (1), and an oil outlet component is provided on the adjustment component.

2. The device for adjusting the axial thrust of a steam turbine under variable operating conditions according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The adjustment assembly comprises an adjustment cylinder (6) arranged on one side of a steam turbine body (1); an adjustment tube (20) rotatably connected to the adjustment cylinder (6) is provided through the top of the adjustment cylinder (6); an adjustment plate (26) is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the adjustment tube (20); the adjustment plate (26) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the adjustment cylinder (6); a first guide tube (7), a second guide tube (8) and a third guide tube (11) are provided on the adjustment cylinder (6) and are connected to the interior thereof; an end of the first guide tube (7) away from the adjustment cylinder (6) is connected to a first steam extraction port (4); an end of the second guide tube (8) away from the adjustment cylinder (6) is connected to a second steam extraction port (5); and an end of the third guide tube (11) away from the adjustment cylinder (6) is connected to a balance disk (2).

3. The device for adjusting the axial thrust of a steam turbine under variable operating conditions according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A vertical plate (28) is fixedly mounted on the top of the adjustment cylinder (6), a horizontal plate (9) is fixedly mounted on the top of the vertical plate (28), a fixed cylinder (15) is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the horizontal plate (9), a first circular hole (30) is provided on the bottom of the fixed cylinder (15), a piston (29) slidably connected to the inner wall of the fixed cylinder (15) is provided in the fixed cylinder (15), a second connecting rod (24) is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the piston (29), one end of the second connecting rod (24) passes through the first circular hole (30) and is fixedly mounted on the connecting plate (19), a round rod (18) is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the connecting plate (19), a guide groove (21) is provided on the outer wall of the round rod (18), and the round rod (18) is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the connecting plate (19). One end of the adjusting tube (18) is located inside the adjusting tube (20); a guide block (22) is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the adjusting tube (20); the guide block (22) is located in the guide groove (21) and is slidably connected to the guide groove (21); a fourth guide tube (12) is provided on the fixed tube (15) and is connected to the inside thereof; one end of the fourth guide tube (12) connected to the fixed tube (15) is located above the piston (29); one end of the fourth guide tube (12) away from the fixed tube (15) is provided with a heat conducting block (14) located at the thrust bearing (3); the fourth guide tube (12) and the fixed tube (15) above the piston (29) are both filled with thermal expansion liquid (27).

4. The device for adjusting the axial thrust of a steam turbine under variable operating conditions according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The oil outlet assembly comprises an oil outlet cylinder (16) fixedly mounted on the top of the adjusting cylinder (6); a second circular hole (31) is formed on the top of the oil outlet cylinder (16); an oil outlet plug (25) slidably connected to the inner wall of the oil outlet cylinder (16) is arranged inside the oil outlet cylinder (16); a first connecting rod (17) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the oil outlet plug (25) and the connecting plate (19); a fifth guide pipe (13) and a sixth guide pipe (23) connected to the inside of the oil outlet cylinder (16) are arranged on the oil outlet cylinder (16); the ends of the fifth guide pipe (13) and the sixth guide pipe (23) connected to the oil outlet cylinder (16) are both located below the oil outlet plug (25); an oil storage box (10) is arranged on the top of the adjusting cylinder (6); the end of the sixth guide pipe (23) away from the oil outlet cylinder (16) is connected to the oil storage box (10).

5. The device for adjusting the axial thrust of a steam turbine under variable operating conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blades of the steam turbine body (1) are distributed in a trumpet shape from the middle section to both sides.

6. The device for adjusting the axial thrust of a steam turbine under variable operating conditions according to claim 3, characterized in that: The ends of the first guide tube (7), the second guide tube (8) and the third guide tube (11) connected to the adjustment tube (6) are distributed in an interval manner.

7. The device for adjusting the axial thrust of a steam turbine under variable operating conditions according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The guide groove (21) extends along the axial direction of the round rod (18) and is arc-shaped, and the guide block (22) is a hemispherical structure.

8. The device for adjusting the axial thrust of a steam turbine under variable operating conditions according to claim 4, characterized in that: Both the fifth guide pipe (13) and the sixth guide pipe (23) are provided with a one-way valve.

Images