Heat pipe heat exchanger capable of efficiently utilizing fluctuating heat source

Abstract

The invention discloses a heat pipe exchanger capable of efficiently utilizing a fluctuating heat source. The heat pipe exchanger comprises a hot fluid flow channel, a cold fluid flow channel, a heat preservation section and a heat pipe cluster. The thermal insulation section is connected between the hot fluid runner and the cold fluid runner, and the thermal insulation section, the hot fluid runner and the cold fluid runner are not communicated; the hot fluid flow channel is used for introducing fluctuating heat source fluid; the heat pipe cluster is composed of a plurality of heat pipes with at least two or more phase change temperatures, all the heat pipes penetrate through the hot fluid flow channel, the heat preservation section and the cold fluid flow channel, the evaporation section of each heat pipe is exposed to the hot fluid flow channel, the condensation section of each heat pipe is exposed to the cold fluid flow channel, and the heat preservation section of each heat pipe is exposed to the heat preservation section. Self heat transfer of the fluctuating heat source can be prevented, the usability of the fluctuating heat source is improved, the temperature matching degree of fluid on the two sides of the heat exchanger is improved, and the heat source use efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of energy technology, relates to the utilization of fluctuating heat sources and a heat pipe heat exchanger, and particularly relates to a heat pipe heat exchanger that efficiently utilizes fluctuating heat sources. Background Art

[0002] Fluctuating heat source refers to the unstable heat output of the heat source, which makes the heating system unable to provide heat continuously and stably. If you want to use fluctuating heat source, if you use traditional heat exchanger, on the one hand, the fluctuating heat source will transfer heat by itself during the heat exchange process, and the high-temperature heat will mix with the low-temperature heat to form medium-temperature heat, causing a large amount of heat source If the heat source temperature fluctuates greatly, it will cause the temperature on the heat source side to not match the secondary side, reducing the efficiency of heat exchange. If the heat source temperature self-transfers to below the usable temperature, the utilization value of the heat source will be greatly reduced. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a heat pipe heat exchanger structure that efficiently utilizes a fluctuating heat source, so as to prevent the self-heat transfer of the fluctuating heat source, improve the availability of the fluctuating heat source, and improve the matching degree of the fluid temperature on both sides of the heat exchanger, thereby improving the efficiency of heat source utilization.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0005] A heat pipe heat exchanger that efficiently utilizes a fluctuating heat source comprises a hot fluid flow channel, a cold fluid flow channel, a heat preservation section and a heat pipe cluster; the heat preservation section is connected between the hot fluid flow channel and the cold fluid flow channel, and the three are not connected to each other; the hot fluid flow channel is used to pass the fluctuating heat source fluid;

[0006] The heat pipe cluster is composed of a plurality of heat pipes having at least two or more phase change temperatures, each heat pipe runs through the hot fluid flow channel, the insulation section and the cold fluid flow channel, and the evaporation section of each heat pipe is exposed to the hot fluid flow channel, the condensation section is exposed to the cold fluid flow channel, and the insulation section is exposed to the insulation section.

[0007] In one embodiment, the hot fluid flow channel is arranged in parallel with the cold fluid flow channel, and the heat preservation section is vertically connected between the hot fluid flow channel and the cold fluid flow channel.

[0008] In one embodiment, a flow direction of the fluctuating heat source fluid in the hot fluid flow channel is opposite to a flow direction of the cold fluid in the cold fluid flow channel.

[0009] In one embodiment, the length direction of the heat pipe is perpendicular to the cold fluid flow channel and the fluid flow direction in the cold fluid flow channel.

[0010] In one embodiment, the heat preservation section is filled with heat preservation material.

[0011] In one embodiment, the hot fluid flow channel, the cold fluid flow channel and the insulation section share a metal shell and are separated from each other by metal partitions. The surface of the metal shell is covered with an insulation layer to prevent heat exchange between the fluid in the heat exchanger and the outside.

[0012] In one embodiment, along the flow direction of the fluctuating heat source fluid in the hot fluid flow channel, the phase change temperature of each heat pipe constituting the heat pipe cluster decreases.

[0013] In one embodiment, the flow direction of the fluctuating heat source fluid in the hot fluid flow channel is taken as a row, and the direction perpendicular to the row is taken as a column, and the heat pipes constituting the heat pipe cluster are arranged in an interlaced manner along the rows, that is, the number of heat pipes in odd-numbered columns is n, and the number of heat pipes in even-numbered columns is m, and n≠m.

[0014] In one embodiment, the phase change temperature of each heat pipe decreases gradually, including:

[0015] Along the flow direction of the fluctuating heat source fluid in the hot fluid flow channel, the phase change temperatures of adjacent heat pipes decrease; or,

[0016] Along the flow direction of the fluctuating heat source fluid in the hot fluid flow channel, each heat pipe is divided into several areas, the phase change temperature of the heat pipes in the same area is the same, and the phase change temperature of the heat pipes in adjacent areas decreases.

[0017] In one embodiment, the fluctuating temperature range of the fluctuating heat source is b-c, and the phase change temperature of the heat pipe includes c, b, and a, wherein c>b>a.

[0018] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the basic principle of the present invention is:

[0019] When ordinary heat exchangers use fluctuating heat sources, due to the large fluctuations in the heat source and the self-heat transfer phenomenon on the heat source side during use, the high-temperature heat source and the low-temperature heat source are mixed into a medium-temperature heat source, causing the heat source to When using fluctuating heat sources, ordinary heat exchangers have only a single phase change temperature, which cannot prevent self-heat transfer on the heat source side, nor can they reduce The present invention adopts a layered arrangement of heat pipe clusters with multiple phase change temperatures. The high-temperature phase change heat pipe cluster absorbs the high-temperature heat on the heat source side in a timely manner, reducing the self-heat transfer energy on the heat source side and reducing the heat source loss to a certain extent. The present invention arranges heat pipes with multiple phase change temperatures in layers and fills the middle section of the heat pipe with insulation material, so that the heat absorbed by the layers with different phase change temperatures heats the cold side fluid in layers with matching temperatures, thereby improving the temperature matching degree on both sides of the heat exchanger and reducing loss and improve the heat exchange efficiency.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. Use heat pipes to replace the metal heat conducting plates of traditional heat exchangers, which improves the heat transfer coefficient and reduces the heat exchange area.

[0022] 2. Heat pipes with different phase change temperatures are arranged in layers, and the condensing section is placed in the hot fluid flow channel. When using a fluctuating heat source, the high-temperature phase change heat pipe cluster absorbs the high-temperature heat on the heat source side in time, reducing the self-heat transfer energy on the heat source side and reducing the heat source to a certain extent. loss.

[0023] 3. Heat pipes with different phase change temperatures are arranged in layers, and the evaporation section is placed in the cold fluid flow channel. When a fluctuating heat source is used, the heat absorbed by the layers with different phase change temperatures is used to heat the cold side fluid in layers with matching temperatures, which improves the temperature matching degree on both sides of the heat exchanger and reduces loss and improve the heat exchange efficiency.

[0024] 4. Use staggered arrangement of heat pipe clusters to disturb the fluid flow and increase the heat exchange capacity of forced convection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 It is a heat pipe heat exchanger in the embodiment of the present invention that efficiently utilizes a fluctuating heat source.

[0027] Figure 2 It is a vertical cross-sectional view of a heat pipe heat exchanger that efficiently utilizes a fluctuating heat source in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 It is a top view of a cross-sectional view of a heat pipe heat exchanger that efficiently utilizes a fluctuating heat source in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 It is a side cross-sectional view of a heat pipe heat exchanger that efficiently utilizes a fluctuating heat source in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0031] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0033] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that if the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", etc. appear to indicate an orientation or position relationship, they are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the orientation or position relationship in which the product of the invention is usually placed when used. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0034] In addition, the terms “first”, “second”, etc., if used, are merely used to distinguish between the descriptions and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0035] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the features in the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other.

[0036] When using fluctuating heat sources through traditional heat exchangers, due to the inherent characteristics of fluctuating heat sources, self-heating and heat mismatch on both sides of the heat exchange occur, resulting in low heat exchange efficiency.

[0037] To solve this problem, the present invention provides a heat pipe heat exchanger to efficiently utilize the fluctuating heat source. The heat pipe heat exchanger mainly includes a hot fluid flow channel, a cold fluid flow channel, a heat preservation section and a heat pipe cluster. In some embodiments, it may only consist of these parts.

[0038] Obviously, for a heat exchanger, the hot fluid flow channel and the cold fluid flow channel are two flow channels isolated from each other. In the present invention, a heat preservation section is connected between the hot fluid flow channel and the cold fluid flow channel. However, the hot fluid flow channel, the cold fluid flow channel and the heat preservation section all have independent chambers, and the three are not connected to each other. The present invention uses a fluctuating heat source fluid as a hot fluid, and the hot fluid flow channel is used to pass the hot fluid; the cold fluid flow channel is used to pass the cold fluid, and the cold fluid can be any conventional medium.

[0039] The heat pipe cluster is composed of multiple heat pipes. More specifically, each heat pipe runs through the hot fluid flow channel, the insulation section and the cold fluid flow channel, and each heat pipe is divided into three parts: the evaporation section, the insulation section and the condensation section. The evaporation section is exposed to the hot fluid flow channel, the condensation section is exposed to the cold fluid flow channel, and the insulation section is exposed to the insulation section. That is, the heat pipe runs through the partition between the hot fluid flow channel and the insulation section, and the partition between the insulation section and the cold fluid flow channel, and the two partitions are used as fins, and the exposure environment is adjusted according to its segmentation.

[0040] The heat pipes constituting the heat pipe cluster of the present invention should have at least two or more phase change temperatures, and the heat pipes with different phase change temperatures also have different condensation temperatures and evaporation temperatures accordingly. Therefore, through this arrangement, the heat of the thermal fluid can be absorbed in layers.

[0041] According to the above structure, the principle of the present invention is as follows:

[0042] The fluctuating heat source fluid flows into the hot fluid flow channel, and when it passes through the evaporation section of the heat pipe cluster, its heat is absorbed by the condensation section in layers with different evaporation temperatures as boundaries. At the same time, the cold fluid flows into the cold fluid flow channel, and when it passes through the condensation section of the heat pipe cluster, it is heated in layers by the heat pipe cluster with different condensation temperatures as boundaries.

[0043] Therefore, compared with ordinary heat exchangers, the heat pipe heat exchanger of the present invention can prevent self-heat transfer of the fluctuating heat source, improve the availability of the fluctuating heat source, improve the matching degree of the fluid temperature on both sides of the heat exchanger, and improve the efficiency of heat source use.

[0044] Figure 1 The structure of a specific embodiment of the heat pipe heat exchanger of the present invention is shown, and the figure shows the hot fluid inlet 1 and the hot fluid outlet 2 of the hot fluid flow channel, the cold fluid inlet 3 and the cold fluid outlet 4 of the cold fluid flow channel, the heat pipe cluster 5 composed of a large number of heat pipes, and the insulation section 6. The entire heat pipe heat exchanger uses an integrated heat exchanger shell 7.

[0045] In this embodiment, the hot fluid flow channel and the cold fluid flow channel are arranged in parallel, and the heat preservation section 6 is vertically connected between the hot fluid flow channel and the cold fluid flow channel, wherein the heat preservation section 6 can be equal in length and width to the hot fluid flow channel and the cold fluid flow channel, or can be slightly smaller than the length and width of the hot fluid flow channel and the cold fluid flow channel. For ease of description, in the present invention, the fluid flow direction is defined as the length direction, the direction from the hot fluid flow channel to the cold fluid flow channel is the height direction, and the direction perpendicular to both the length direction and the height direction is the width direction.

[0046] The hot fluid flow channel and the cold fluid flow channel are arranged in parallel, and the heat preservation section 6 is vertically connected, so that a better heat exchange effect can be achieved and the processing difficulty is minimized.

[0047] Further, in Figure 1 In the structure shown, the flow direction of the fluctuating heat source fluid is opposite to that of the cold fluid, that is, the cold and hot fluids move towards each other to better achieve stratified heat exchange. In other embodiments, they can also move in the same direction, which increases the heat exchange loss of the cold and hot fluids and reduces the heat exchange efficiency.

[0048] Further, in Figure 1 In the structure shown, the length direction of the heat pipe is perpendicular to the cold fluid flow channel and the fluid flow direction in the cold fluid flow channel. That is, the length direction of each heat pipe is the height direction defined in the present invention. Through this arrangement, the evaporation section and the condensation section of the heat pipe are fully in contact with the cold and hot source fluids, thereby improving the heat exchange effect. At the same time, the heat exchanger is bilaterally symmetrical, and the inlet and outlet of the cold and hot source fluids can be changed accordingly according to the situation. In more embodiments, each heat pipe may also have a certain angle with the fluid flow direction, so that the heat exchange effect of the cold and hot source fluids entering from different inlets and outlets is different, but this reduces the flexibility of use. For this reason, in this embodiment, the cross-sections of the cold fluid flow channel and the cold fluid flow channel are both rectangular, or at least their opposite surfaces are flat bottoms. The opposite surfaces here refer to the parts connected by the insulation section 6.

[0049] Furthermore, in an embodiment of the present invention, the heat preservation section 6 may be filled with heat preservation material.

[0050] exist Figure 1 In the structure shown, the heat exchanger shell 7 is a metal shell, which is shared by the hot fluid flow channel, the cold fluid flow channel and the insulation section. The hot fluid flow channel and the insulation section, as well as the cold fluid flow channel and the insulation section, are separated from each other by metal partitions. The metal partitions are also the parts penetrated by the heat pipes, and can also serve as heat pipe fins. In the embodiment of the present invention, the surface of the heat exchanger shell 7 can be covered with an insulation layer to prevent the heat exchange between the fluid in the heat exchanger and the outside world.

[0051] In order to better realize stratified heat exchange, in the embodiment of the present invention, along the flow direction of the fluctuating heat source fluid in the hot fluid flow channel, the phase change temperature of each heat pipe constituting the heat pipe cluster decreases. This decrease can be in one of the following two forms:

[0052] Form 1: along the flow direction of the fluctuating heat source fluid, the phase change temperatures of adjacent heat pipes decrease successively. According to this form, in the process of the lower temperature fluid in the fluctuating heat source flowing to the low temperature zone, the cold flow and hot flow parts in the heat source fluid have been mixed with each other by heat transfer, which reduces the absorption efficiency of the heat exchanger to the fluctuating heat source.

[0053] Form 2: along the flow direction of the fluctuating heat source fluid, each heat pipe is divided into several areas, the phase change temperature of the heat pipes in the same area is the same, and the phase change temperature of the heat pipes in adjacent areas decreases successively. According to this form, the lower temperature fluid in the fluctuating heat source can be promptly absorbed by the low temperature area of ​​the heat pipe, thereby improving the overall utilization rate of the fluctuating heat source.

[0054] Take form 2 as an example for further explanation, refer to Figure 2 , which shows the hot fluid inlet 1 and hot fluid outlet 2 of the hot fluid flow channel, the cold fluid inlet 3 and cold fluid outlet 4 of the cold fluid flow channel, the top shell 71 for covering the hot fluid flow channel and the cold fluid flow channel, the side shell 72 for covering the insulation section 6, and the heat pipe cluster area 1 51, the heat pipe cluster area 2 52 and the heat pipe cluster area 3 53. Assuming that the fluctuating temperature range of the fluctuating heat source is 70-90°C, the hot fluid flows in from the hot fluid inlet 1 of the hot fluid flow channel at the top of the heat exchanger. In order to absorb the heat of the hot fluid in layers, the heat pipe cluster 5 is divided into three areas, namely, the heat pipe cluster area 1 51, the heat pipe cluster area 2 52 and the heat pipe cluster area 3 53. Along the flow direction of the hot fluid, the phase change temperature of the heat pipes in each area decreases successively. For example, the phase change temperature of the heat pipe in the heat pipe cluster area 1 51 is 90°C, the phase change temperature of the heat pipe in the heat pipe cluster area 2 52 is 70°C, and the phase change temperature of the heat pipe in the heat pipe cluster area 3 53 is 50°C.

[0055] Through the gradient temperature design, the heat of the fluctuating heat source is fully absorbed in layers when it flows through the evaporation section of the heat pipe cluster of the heat exchanger, and the heat of the heat pipe cluster is fully released when the cold source flows through the condensation section of the heat pipe cluster of the heat exchanger, thereby achieving the effect of fully utilizing the heat of the fluctuating heat source.

[0056] Further, the aforementioned length direction, i.e., the flow direction of the fluctuating heat source fluid, is defined as a row, and the aforementioned width direction is defined as a column. In the embodiment of the present invention, the heat pipes constituting the heat pipe cluster 5 are interlaced and arranged in a staggered manner along the rows, i.e., the number of heat pipes in odd-numbered columns is n, and the number of heat pipes in even-numbered columns is m, and n≠m. Through this arrangement, the fluid is disturbed when flowing through the heat pipe cluster, and the heat exchange coefficient between the fluid and the heat pipe cluster is increased by changing the thickness of the flow boundary layer of the fluid, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency.

[0057] For example, in Figure 3 In the structure shown, the hot fluid inlet 1 and the hot fluid outlet 2 of the hot fluid flow channel are shown, the top shell 71 for covering the hot fluid flow channel, and the odd-numbered heat pipe clusters 54 and the even-numbered heat pipe clusters 55 are shown. It can be seen that the number of heat pipes in the odd-numbered heat pipe clusters 54 is 3, and the number of heat pipes in the even-numbered heat pipe clusters 55 is 4. In actual application, the number of heat pipes in a single row can be changed according to the situation, as long as they can be arranged in space.

[0058] In one embodiment of the present invention, reference Figure 4 As shown, a hot fluid inlet 1, a cold fluid outlet 4, an integrated heat exchanger shell 7, a heat pipe cluster 5 and an insulation section 6 of the hot fluid flow channel are shown. It can be seen that the insulation section 6 is filled with insulation material, the heat pipe cluster 5 passes through the insulation material, and its insulation section is wrapped by the insulation material. The insulation material can prevent the external environment from exchanging heat with the insulation section of the heat pipe.

[0059] According to the above structure, when the fluctuating heat source fluid flows into the heat exchanger from the hot fluid inlet 1 and the heat source passes through the evaporation section of the heat pipe cluster, the heat of the heat source is absorbed in layers by the condensation section of the heat pipe cluster with different evaporation temperatures as the boundary. Then, the liquid working fluid in the heat pipe is evaporated into gas and moves to the condensation section under the action of the internal pressure difference. Correspondingly, when the cold fluid flows into the heat exchanger from the cold fluid inlet 3 and the cold source passes through the condensation section of the heat pipe cluster, the cold fluid is heated in layers by the heat pipe cluster with different condensation temperatures as the boundary. At this time, the gas working fluid in the heat pipe is condensed into liquid and then returns to the evaporation section of the heat pipe through the capillary effect. Ordinary heat exchangers often cannot utilize the fluctuating heat source in layers when using the fluctuating heat source, resulting in the mixing of the cold fluid and hot fluid parts in the heat source during the heat exchange process, resulting in the loss of high-grade heat. Compared with ordinary heat exchangers, the heat pipe heat exchanger of the present invention can utilize the heat of the fluctuating heat source in layers, improve the temperature matching degree of the cold and hot fluid sides of the heat exchanger, and reduce the heat source. loss and improve heat exchange efficiency.

Claims

1. A heat pipe heat exchanger that efficiently utilizes fluctuating heat sources, characterized in that: It includes a hot fluid flow channel, a cold fluid flow channel, a heat preservation section and a heat pipe cluster; the heat preservation section is connected between the hot fluid flow channel and the cold fluid flow channel, and the three are not connected to each other; the hot fluid flow channel is used to pass the fluctuating heat source fluid; The heat pipe cluster is composed of a plurality of heat pipes having at least two or more phase change temperatures, each heat pipe runs through the hot fluid flow channel, the insulation section and the cold fluid flow channel, and the evaporation section of each heat pipe is exposed to the hot fluid flow channel, the condensation section is exposed to the cold fluid flow channel, and the insulation section is exposed to the insulation section.

2. The heat pipe heat exchanger for efficiently utilizing fluctuating heat sources according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hot fluid flow channel is arranged in parallel with the cold fluid flow channel, and the heat preservation section is vertically connected between the hot fluid flow channel and the cold fluid flow channel.

3. The heat pipe heat exchanger for efficiently utilizing fluctuating heat sources according to claim 2, characterized in that: The flow direction of the fluctuating heat source fluid in the hot fluid flow channel is opposite to the flow direction of the cold fluid in the cold fluid flow channel.

4. The heat pipe heat exchanger for efficiently utilizing fluctuating heat sources according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length direction of the heat pipe is perpendicular to the cold fluid flow channel and the flow direction of the fluid in the cold fluid flow channel.

5. The heat pipe heat exchanger for efficiently utilizing fluctuating heat sources according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat-insulating section is filled with heat-insulating material.

6. The heat pipe heat exchanger for efficiently utilizing fluctuating heat sources according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hot fluid flow channel, the cold fluid flow channel and the insulation section share a metal shell and are separated from each other by metal partitions. The surface of the metal shell is covered with an insulation layer to prevent heat exchange between the fluid in the heat exchanger and the outside.

7. The heat pipe heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: Along the flow direction of the fluctuating heat source fluid in the hot fluid flow channel, the phase change temperature of each heat pipe constituting the heat pipe cluster decreases.

8. The heat pipe heat exchanger for efficiently utilizing fluctuating heat sources according to claim 6, characterized in that: The flow direction of the fluctuating heat source fluid in the hot fluid flow channel is taken as a row, and the direction perpendicular to the row is taken as a column. The heat pipes constituting the heat pipe cluster are arranged in an interlaced manner along the rows, that is, the number of heat pipes in odd-numbered columns is n, and the number of heat pipes in even-numbered columns is m, and n≠m.

9. The heat pipe heat exchanger for efficiently utilizing fluctuating heat sources according to claim 6, characterized in that: The phase change temperature of each heat pipe decreases gradually, including: Along the flow direction of the fluctuating heat source fluid in the hot fluid flow channel, the phase change temperatures of adjacent heat pipes decrease; or, Along the flow direction of the fluctuating heat source fluid in the hot fluid flow channel, each heat pipe is divided into several areas, the phase change temperature of the heat pipes in the same area is the same, and the phase change temperature of the heat pipes in adjacent areas decreases.

10. The heat pipe heat exchanger for efficiently utilizing fluctuating heat sources according to claim 9, characterized in that: The fluctuation temperature range of the fluctuation heat source is b-c, and the phase change temperature of the heat pipe includes c, b, and a, wherein c>b>a.

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