Surface defect detection device and method for railway locomotive parts

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of railway locomotive accessories, and specifically to a surface defect detection device and method for railway locomotive accessories. A top plate is arranged above the bottom plate, and two limit grooves are provided on the top of the top plate. A vertical block is slidably connected inside the limit groove, and a detection mechanism for detecting the surface flatness of a conical portion is arranged on the front side of the vertical block. The detection mechanism comprises a round block, and the rear end of the round block is rotatably connected to the front end of the vertical block. A cross bar is fixedly connected on one side of the two round blocks away from each other, and a probe is fixedly connected to the bottom of the cross bar. The probe is arranged to be tilted inwardly. Because the surface defects of two wheel sets are almost impossible to be in the same position, the present invention can cleverly and quickly realize the detection of the wheel sets by designing a set of mechanisms to magnify the surfaces of the two wheel sets, thereby avoiding the tediousness of single item-by-item detection of the wheel sets in the prior art, and also avoiding the errors of the detection tools and the environmental errors, thereby increasing the accuracy of the detection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of railway locomotive accessories, and in particular to a surface defect detection device and method for railway locomotive accessories. Background Art

[0002] The wheels of railway locomotives, such as Figure 1 As shown, it is composed of a wheel axle 1, two wheel flanges 2 and two sets of wheel sets 3. In order to ensure the smooth turning of the railway locomotive, the surface of the wheel set 3 is set to a conical surface 4.

[0003] In order to ensure the stability and safety of the railway locomotive during operation and eliminate potential dangers in a timely manner, after the wheel is produced or the locomotive is overhauled, it is necessary to perform defect detection on the conical inclined surface of the cone portion 4 to determine whether there are convexities or concavities on the surface of the cone portion 4 after the wheel is produced or after long-term operation. It is also necessary to detect whether the conicity of the cone portions 4 of the wheel sets 3 on both sides is consistent;

[0004] In the prior art, for the above-mentioned detection, a single wheelset is often detected one by one, which has the problem of low detection efficiency, and if the defects on the wheelset surface are small, it is difficult to effectively monitor them. The present invention proposes a surface defect detection device and method for railway locomotive accessories to solve the above-mentioned problems, which can realize the simultaneous detection of concave and convex defects and taper on the surfaces of two wheelsets. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a surface defect detection device and method for railway locomotive accessories to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology, which can realize the simultaneous detection of concave-convex defects and taper of two wheel sets.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a surface defect detection device for railway locomotive accessories, comprising a bottom plate, a top plate is arranged above the bottom plate, two limit grooves are arranged on the top of the top plate, vertical blocks are slidably connected inside the limit grooves, and a detection mechanism for detecting the surface flatness of the cone portion is arranged on the front side of the vertical block;

[0007] The detection mechanism includes a round block, the rear end of the round block is rotatably connected to the front end of the vertical block, and the two round blocks are fixedly connected to a cross bar on the side away from each other, and the bottom of the cross bar is fixedly connected to a probe, and the probe is arranged to be inclined inward, and a ball is embedded in the bottom of the probe, and the ball at the bottom of the probe can be placed on the surface of the conical surface and in close contact with the surface of the conical surface;

[0008] The wheel is supported by a supporting mechanism and rotated by a driving mechanism. When defects appear on the surface of the conical portion, the fluctuation of the probe can be reflected by the rotation of the round block.

[0009] As a further preferred surface defect detection device for railway locomotive accessories of the present invention, the front side of the vertical block is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft, the inner side of the round block is rotatably connected to the outer side of the rotating shaft, the bottom of the top plate is fixedly connected with two second round rods, the outer side of the second round rod is slidably connected with a first round rod for distance compensation, a tension spring is arranged between the top end of the second round rod and the bottom end of the top plate, the tension spring is movably sleeved on the outer side of the second round rod, the bottom end of the first round rod is fixedly connected with a connecting block, and a telescopic plate is arranged on the front side of the two connecting blocks, the left and right ends of the telescopic plate are both movable, and the left and right ends of the telescopic plate are respectively rotatably connected to the front sides of the two connecting blocks through pins;

[0010] Under the above setting, the tension spring initially pulls the connecting block upward, and the connecting block drives the first square rod and the second square rod to move upward, thereby driving the probe to be subjected to a continuous downward pressure through the rotation of the round block, so that the ball at the bottom of the probe can always be in close contact with the conical surface.

[0011] As a further preferred embodiment of the surface defect detection device for railway locomotive accessories of the present invention, a first square rod is horizontally arranged on one side of the round blocks close to each other, a second square rod is slidably connected inside the first square rod, and the other end of the second square rod is rotatably connected to the connecting block through a hinge;

[0012] When there is a defect on the wheelset surface on either side, when the probe passes through the defect, the corresponding probe will tilt with the round block as the turning point. The resistance arm formed by the first square rod and the second square rod can amplify the rotation amplitude of the round block, driving the connecting block to move upward or downward. The defect on the wheelset surface will cause the telescopic plate to tilt, thereby expressing the defect on the wheelset surface in the form of a tilted telescopic plate.

[0013] As a further preferred embodiment of the surface defect detection device for railway locomotive accessories of the present invention, a dial is fixedly connected to the bottom of the telescopic plate, scale lines are arranged on the front side of the dial, the lowest end of the scale lines is arranged as a zero point, and a pointer is rotatably connected to the bottom of the telescopic plate, and the pointer points to the zero point in an initial state.

[0014] Under the above settings, the pointer always points vertically downward under the action of gravity, and the telescopic plate will tilt when unevenness appears on the conical surface. At this time, the pointer no longer points to the zero point, and the deviation of the concave or convex part can be more intuitively seen through the scale lines.

[0015] As a further preferred surface defect detection device for railway locomotive accessories of the present invention, two fixing plates are fixedly connected to the top of the top plate, and screws are rotatably connected on the sides of the two fixing plates close to each other, and the vertical blocks are threadedly connected to the screws, and the threads of the two screws are arranged in opposite directions, and the ends of the two screws close to each other are fixedly connected by a connecting rod, and a second motor is fixedly connected to the left side of the fixing plate on the left side, and the output shaft end of the second motor is fixedly connected to the screw on the left side, and the two screws are driven to rotate synchronously by the second motor, and the two vertical blocks are driven to move in a direction close to each other by the opposite direction of the threads of the two screws;

[0016] Under the above setting, the two vertical blocks are driven by the second motor to move synchronously toward the center, thereby driving the probe to move on the surface of the conical surface and gradually toward the wheel axle. The probe is squeezed by the conical surface and rotates upward. Since the conical surfaces on both sides have the same taper, when the two vertical blocks move the same amount, the circular blocks on both sides rotate the same amount, and the telescopic plate is still in a horizontal state, so that different positions of the conical surface can be comprehensively detected.

[0017] As a further preferred embodiment of the surface defect detection device for railway locomotive accessories of the present invention, the supporting mechanism includes two supporting platforms, the tops of the supporting platforms are provided with semicircular grooves, and a plurality of rollers are provided inside the semicircular grooves.

[0018] As a further preferred embodiment of the surface defect detection device for railway locomotive accessories of the present invention, the driving mechanism includes four support plates, and a friction wheel is rotatably connected between two corresponding support plates, the friction wheel is in close contact with the wheel axle, and the friction wheel is driven by a first motor, and the first motor is fixedly connected to the support plate, thereby realizing the rotation of the wheel axle through the two friction wheels.

[0019] As a further preferred embodiment of the surface defect detection device for railway locomotive accessories of the present invention, two electric push rods are fixedly connected to the top of the base plate, and the movable ends of the electric push rods are fixedly connected to the bottom of the top plate, and the free lifting and lowering of the top plate is achieved by the two electric push rods. Two electric push rods are fixedly connected to the top of the base plate, and the movable ends of the electric push rods are fixedly connected to the bottom of the top plate, and the free lifting and lowering of the top plate is achieved by the two electric push rods.

[0020] Because the surface defects of two wheel sets are almost impossible to be in the same position, the present invention designs a set of mechanisms to perform magnified comparison of the surfaces of the two wheel sets, which can cleverly and quickly realize the detection of the wheelsets, avoiding the tediousness of single wheel set detection item by item in the prior art, and also avoiding errors in detection tools and environmental errors, thereby increasing the accuracy of detection.

[0021] Under the above setting, when the surface of the conical portion is concave, the probe is subjected to the downward pressure exerted by the tension spring, causing the ball at the bottom of the probe to sink synchronously and fit tightly with the concave portion, and then drive the round block to rotate for a short time;

[0022] When a bulge appears on the surface of the conical part, the ball at the bottom of the probe contacts the bulge, and the probe is subjected to an upward extrusion force, which can also drive the round block to rotate, so that the unevenness of the conical part can be reflected through the rotation of the round block. The rotation amount generated by the rotation of the round block is amplified by the first square rod and the second square rod, so that a height difference appears between the two connecting blocks, and finally it is more intuitively reflected through the inclination of the telescopic plate;

[0023] For example, when the left conical surface is concave, the round block on the left rotates counterclockwise, the first square rod and the second square rod on the left rotate upward, and the connecting block moves upward to drive the left side of the telescopic plate to tilt upward. When the conical surface is convex, the round block on the left rotates clockwise, the first square rod and the second square rod on the left rotate downward, and the connecting block moves downward to drive the left side of the telescopic plate to extend and tilt downward. Similarly, when the right conical surface is uneven, the right side of the telescopic plate will also extend and tilt up and down.

[0024] When the two vertical blocks move synchronously toward the center, when the taper of the cone surface on one side is inconsistent with the taper of the cone surface on the other side, because the difference caused by the taper is continuous, the fluctuation amplitude of the probe will be different, and the rotation amount of the two round blocks will also be different, so the telescopic plate will continue to tilt to one side;

[0025] Therefore, by observing the inclination of the telescopic plate, it is possible to intuitively determine whether the wheelset has surface defects.

[0026] A method for detecting surface defects of railway locomotive parts, the method comprising the following steps:

[0027] S1: Place the wheel axle horizontally and centrally in the semicircular groove of the support platform;

[0028] S2: Adjust the electric push rod to make the probe closely contact with the outermost part of the cone surface;

[0029] S3: Start the first motor to drive the friction wheel to drive the wheel shaft to rotate;

[0030] S4: Then, the second motor is started to drive the probe to gradually move toward the center through the vertical block;

[0031] As a further preferred method for detecting surface defects of railway locomotive accessories of the present invention, S5: during the detection process, when the middle telescopic plate appears to be continuously tilted, it indicates that there is a difference in the taper of the two wheel sets;

[0032] As a further preferred method for detecting surface defects of railway locomotive accessories of the present invention, S5: during the detection process, when the middle telescopic plate tilts momentarily, it indicates that there is a defect on the surface of one of the wheel sets.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] 1. The surface defect detection device for railway locomotive accessories is used because the surface defects of two wheel sets are almost impossible to be in the same position. The present invention designs a set of mechanisms to compare the surfaces of the two wheel sets in an enlarged manner, which can cleverly and quickly realize the detection of the wheelset, avoiding the tediousness of single wheel set detection item by item in the prior art, and also avoiding the errors of the detection tools and the environmental errors, thereby increasing the accuracy of the detection.

[0035] 2. The surface defect detection device for railway locomotive accessories, when a depression appears on the surface of the conical portion, the probe is subjected to the downward pressure exerted by the tension spring, so that the ball at the bottom of the probe sinks synchronously and fits tightly with the depression, and then drives the round block to rotate; when a bulge appears on the surface of the conical portion, after the ball at the bottom of the probe contacts the bulge, the probe is subjected to an upward extrusion force, which can also drive the round block to rotate; the amount of rotation generated by the rotation of the round block is amplified twice by the first square rod, the second square rod and the telescopic plate, and is more intuitively reflected through the inclination of the telescopic plate.

[0036] 3. The surface defect detection device for railway locomotive accessories can make it easier for workers to observe through the pointer and dial. The pointer is always vertically downward under the action of gravity, and the telescopic plate will tilt when unevenness appears on the conical surface. At this time, the pointer no longer points to the zero point, and the deviation of the concave or convex part can be more intuitively seen through the scale line.

[0037] 4. The surface defect detection device for railway locomotive accessories drives two vertical blocks to move synchronously toward the center through the second motor, thereby driving the probe to move on the surface of the conical portion and gradually toward the wheel axle. The probe is squeezed by the conical portion and rotates upward. Since the conical portions on both sides have the same taper, when the movement amounts of the two vertical blocks are the same, the rotation amounts of the round blocks on both sides are the same, and the telescopic plate is still in a horizontal state. When the tapers of the conical portions on both sides are inconsistent, the rotation amounts of the round blocks on both sides are different, the telescopic plate will tilt, and the pointer will no longer point to the zero point. Therefore, when the pointer does not point to the zero point, both surface defects can be detected, and it is more convenient for the detection worker to observe more intuitively. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of train wheels in the prior art;

[0039] Figure 2It is a schematic diagram of the main stereoscopic structure of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 It is a left-side stereoscopic structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in which the probe is tilted downward by the tension of the tension spring in the initial state of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 5 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the enlarged three-dimensional structure of the middle A area;

[0043] Figure 6 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the enlarged three-dimensional structure of the middle B area;

[0044] Figure 7 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the enlarged three-dimensional structure of the middle C area;

[0045] Figure 8 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the enlarged three-dimensional structure of the middle D area;

[0046] Fig. 9 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the enlarged three-dimensional structure of the middle E area;

[0047] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the supporting block of the present invention.

[0048] In the figure: 1, axle; 2, wheel rim; 3, wheel pair; 4, conical surface; 5, bottom plate; 6, support platform; 7, semicircular groove; 8, roller; 9, support plate; 10, friction wheel; 11, first motor; 12, top plate; 13, vertical block; 14, round block; 15, cross bar; 16, probe; 17, ball; 18, first square rod; 19, second square rod; 20, connecting block; 21, telescopic plate; 22, pointer; 23, dial; 24, scale line; 25, zero point; 26, first round rod; 27, second round rod; 28, tension spring; 29, rotating shaft; 30, limit groove; 31, fixing plate; 32, screw; 33, connecting rod; 34, second motor; 35, electric push rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] For examples, see Figure 1-10The present invention provides a technical solution: a surface defect detection device for railway locomotive accessories, comprising a bottom plate 5, a top plate 12 is arranged above the bottom plate 5, two limit grooves 30 are provided on the top of the top plate 12, a vertical block 13 is slidably connected inside the limit groove 30, and a detection mechanism for detecting the surface flatness of the cone portion 4 is arranged on the front side of the vertical block 13;

[0051] The detection mechanism includes a round block 14, the rear end of the round block 14 is rotatably connected to the front end of the vertical block 13, and a cross bar 15 is fixedly connected to the side of the two round blocks 14 away from each other. A probe 16 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the cross bar 15, and the probe 16 is arranged to be inclined inward. A ball 17 is embedded at the bottom of the probe 16. The ball 17 at the bottom of the probe 16 can be placed on the surface of the conical surface 4 and is in close contact with the surface of the conical surface 4;

[0052] The wheel is supported by a supporting mechanism and rotated by a driving mechanism. When defects appear on the surface of the conical portion 4 , the fluctuation of the probe 16 can be reflected by the rotation of the round block 14 .

[0053] In this embodiment, specifically: the front side of the vertical block 13 is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft 29, the inner side of the round block 14 is rotatably connected to the outer side of the rotating shaft 29, the bottom of the top plate 12 is fixedly connected with two second round rods 27, the outer side of the second round rod 27 is slidably connected with a first round rod 26 for distance compensation, a tension spring 28 is provided between the top end of the second round rod 27 and the bottom end of the top plate 12, the tension spring 28 is movably sleeved on the outer side of the second round rod 27, the bottom end of the first round rod 26 is fixedly connected with a connecting block 20, and a telescopic plate 21 is provided on the front side of the two connecting blocks 20, the left and right ends of the telescopic plate 21 are both movable, and the left and right ends of the telescopic plate 21 are respectively rotatably connected to the front sides of the two connecting blocks 20 through pins;

[0054] Under the above setting, the tension spring 28 initially pulls the connecting block 20 upward, and the connecting block 20 drives the first square rod 18 and the second square rod 19 to move upward, thereby driving the probe 16 to be subjected to a continuous downward pressure through the rotation of the round block 14, so that the ball 17 at the bottom of the probe 16 can be in close contact with the conical surface portion 4 at all times.

[0055] In this embodiment, specifically: two second round rods 27 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the top plate 12, and the outer side of the second round rod 27 is slidably connected to the first round rod 26. A tension spring 28 is arranged between the first round rod 26 and the top plate 12. The bottom end of the first round rod 26 is rotatably connected to the connecting block 20 through a hinge, and the front sides of the two connecting blocks 20 are rotatably connected to the same telescopic plate 21 through a pin shaft. A first square rod 18 is horizontally arranged on one side where the two round blocks 14 are close to each other, and a second square rod 19 is slidably connected to the inside of the first square rod 18. The other end of the second square rod 19 is connected to the connecting block 20. The connecting block 20 is fixedly connected, so that the rotation range of the round block 14 is first amplified by the resistance arm formed by the first square rod 18 and the second square rod 19, driving the connecting block 20 to move up and down, and then amplified for the second time by the resistance arm formed by the connecting block 20 and the telescopic plate 21, and the rotation range of the round block 14 is reflected by the inclination angle of the telescopic plate 21. The first square rod 18 is horizontally arranged on one side where the round blocks 14 are close to each other, and the second square rod 19 is slidably connected inside the first square rod 18, and the other end of the second square rod 19 is rotatably connected to the connecting block 20 through a hinge;

[0056] When there is a defect on the surface of the wheelset 3 on either side, when the probe 16 passes through the defect, the corresponding probe 16 will tilt with the round block 14 as the turning point. The resistance arm formed by the first square rod 18 and the second square rod 19 can amplify the rotation amplitude of the round block 14, driving the connecting block 20 to move upward or downward. The defect on the surface of the wheelset 3 will cause the telescopic plate 21 to tilt, thereby expressing the defect on the surface of the wheelset 3 in the form of a tilted telescopic plate 21.

[0057] In this embodiment, specifically: a dial 23 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the telescopic plate 21, a scale line 24 is provided on the front side of the dial 23, the lowest end of the scale line 24 is set as a zero point 25, and a pointer 22 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the telescopic plate 21, and the pointer 22 points to the zero point 25 in the initial state;

[0058] Under the above setting, the pointer 22 always points vertically downward under the action of gravity, and the telescopic plate 21 will tilt when the conical surface 4 becomes uneven. At this time, the pointer 22 no longer points to the zero point 25, and the deviation of the concave or convex part can be more intuitively seen through the scale line 24.

[0059] In this embodiment, specifically: two fixing plates 31 are fixedly connected to the top of the top plate 12, and screw rods 32 are rotatably connected on the sides of the two fixing plates 31 that are close to each other, and the vertical block 13 is threadedly connected to the screw rod 32, and the threads of the two screw rods 32 are arranged in opposite directions, and the ends of the two screw rods 32 that are close to each other are fixedly connected by a connecting rod 33, and a second motor 34 is fixedly connected to the left side of the left fixing plate 31, and the output shaft end of the second motor 34 is fixedly connected to the left screw rod 32, and the two screw rods 32 are driven to rotate synchronously by the second motor 34, and the two vertical blocks 13 are driven to move in a direction close to each other by the threads of the two screw rods 32 that are arranged in opposite directions;

[0060] Under the above setting, the two vertical blocks 13 are driven by the second motor 34 to move synchronously toward the center, thereby driving the probe 16 to move on the surface of the conical surface 4 and gradually toward the wheel axle 1. The probe 16 is squeezed by the conical surface 4 and rotates upward. Since the conical surfaces 4 on both sides have the same taper, when the two vertical blocks 13 move the same amount, the circular blocks 14 on both sides rotate the same amount, and the telescopic plate 21 is still in a horizontal state, so that different positions of the conical surface 4 can be comprehensively detected.

[0061] In this embodiment, specifically: the supporting mechanism includes two supporting platforms 6, a semicircular groove 7 is formed on the top of the supporting platform 6, and a plurality of rollers 8 are formed inside the semicircular groove 7;

[0062] In this embodiment, specifically: the driving mechanism includes four support plates 9, and a friction wheel 10 is rotatably connected between two corresponding support plates 9. The friction wheel 10 is in close contact with the wheel axle 1. The friction wheel 10 is driven by a first motor 11, and the first motor 11 is fixedly connected to the support plates 9, so that the rotation of the wheel axle 1 is realized by the two friction wheels 10. Two electric push rods 35 are fixedly connected to the top of the bottom plate 5, and the movable ends of the electric push rods 35 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the top plate 12, and the free lifting and lowering of the top plate 12 is realized by the two electric push rods 35.

[0063] Because the surface defects of the two wheel sets 3 are almost impossible to be in the same position, the present invention designs a set of mechanisms to perform magnified comparison of the surfaces of the two wheel sets 3, which can cleverly and quickly realize the detection of the wheel sets 3, avoiding the tediousness of single item-by-item detection of the wheel sets 3 in the prior art, and also avoiding errors in detection tools and environmental errors, thereby increasing the accuracy of detection.

[0064] Under the above setting, when the surface of the conical surface portion 4 is concave, the probe 16 is subjected to the downward pressure exerted by the tension spring 28, so that the ball 17 at the bottom of the probe 16 sinks synchronously and fits tightly with the concave portion, and then drives the round block 14 to rotate for a short time;

[0065] When a protrusion appears on the surface of the conical surface 4 , the ball 17 at the bottom of the probe 16 contacts the protrusion, and the probe 16 is subjected to an upward extrusion force, which can also drive the round block 14 to rotate, so that the unevenness of the conical surface 4 can be reflected through the rotation amount of the round block 14 . The rotation amount generated by the rotation of the round block 14 is amplified by the first square rod 18, the second square rod 19 and the telescopic plate 21, so that a height difference appears between the two connecting blocks 20, and finally it is more intuitively reflected through the inclination of the telescopic plate 21. When the conical surface 4 on the left side is concave, the round block 14 on the left side rotates counterclockwise, the first square rod 18 and the second square rod 19 on the left side rotate upward, and the connecting block 20 moves upward to drive the left side of the telescopic plate 21 to tilt upward. When the conical surface 4 is convex, the round block 14 on the left side rotates clockwise, the first square rod 18 and the second square rod 19 on the left side rotate downward, and the connecting block 20 moves downward to drive the left side of the telescopic plate 21 to extend and tilt downward. Similarly, when the conical surface 4 on the right side is uneven, the right side of the telescopic plate 21 will also extend and tilt up and down.

[0066] When the two vertical blocks 13 move synchronously toward the center, when the taper of the conical surface 4 on one side is inconsistent with the taper of the conical surface 4 on the other side, because the difference caused by the taper is continuous, the fluctuation amplitude of the probe 16 will be different, and the rotation amount of the two round blocks 14 will also be different, so that the telescopic plate 21 will appear to tilt to one side continuously;

[0067] Therefore, by observing the inclination of the telescopic plate 21, it is possible to intuitively determine whether the wheelset 3 has surface defects.

[0068] The present invention also discloses a method for using the surface defect detection device for railway locomotive accessories, the method comprising the following steps:

[0069] S1: Place the wheel axle 1 horizontally and centrally in the semicircular groove 7 of the support platform 6;

[0070] S2: Adjust the electric push rod 35 so that the probe 16 is in close contact with the outermost part of the conical surface 4;

[0071] S3: Start the first motor 11 to drive the friction wheel 10 to drive the wheel shaft 1 to rotate;

[0072] S4: Then the second motor 34 is started to drive the probe 16 to gradually move toward the center through the vertical block 13;

[0073] In this embodiment, specifically: step S5 is also included: during the detection process, when the middle telescopic plate 21 appears to be continuously tilted, it indicates that there is a difference in the taper of the two wheel sets 3;

[0074] In this embodiment, specifically: step S5 is also included: during the detection process, when the middle telescopic plate 21 tilts momentarily, it indicates that there is a defect on the surface of one of the wheel sets 3.

[0075] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A surface defect detection device for railway locomotive parts, comprising a bottom plate (5), characterized in that: A top plate (12) is arranged above the bottom plate (5), two limit grooves (30) are provided on the top of the top plate (12), vertical blocks (13) are slidably connected inside the limit grooves (30), and a detection mechanism for detecting the surface flatness of the conical portion (4) is arranged on the front side of the vertical block (13); The detection mechanism comprises a round block (14), the rear end of the round block (14) being rotatably connected to the front end of the vertical block (13), a cross bar (15) being fixedly connected to the sides of the two round blocks (14) which are away from each other, a probe (16) being fixedly connected to the bottom of the cross bar (15), the probe (16) being arranged to be inclined inwards, a ball (17) being embedded in the bottom of the probe (16), the ball (17) at the bottom of the probe (16) being able to rest on the surface of the conical portion (4) and in close contact with the surface of the conical portion (4); The wheel is supported by a supporting mechanism and rotated by a driving mechanism. When a defect occurs on the surface of the conical portion (4), the fluctuation of the probe (16) can be reflected by the rotation of the round block (14). The front side of the vertical block (13) is fixedly connected to a rotating shaft (29), the inner side of the round block (14) is rotatably connected to the outer side of the rotating shaft (29), the bottom of the top plate (12) is fixedly connected to two second round rods (27), the outer side of the second round rod (27) is slidably connected to a first round rod (26) for distance compensation, a tension spring (28) is provided between the top end of the second round rod (27) and the bottom end of the top plate (12), the tension spring (28) is movably sleeved on the outer side of the second round rod (27), the bottom end of the first round rod (26) is fixedly connected to a connecting block (20), the front sides of the two connecting blocks (20) are provided with a telescopic plate (21), the left and right ends of the telescopic plate (21) are both movable to achieve distance and angle compensation, and the left and right ends of the telescopic plate (21) are respectively rotatably connected to the front sides of the two connecting blocks (20) through a pin shaft; A first square rod (18) is horizontally arranged on one side of the round blocks (14) close to each other, a second square rod (19) is slidably connected inside the first square rod (18), and the other end of the second square rod (19) is rotatably connected to the connecting block (20) via a hinge; When there is a defect on the surface of the wheelset (3) on either side, when the probe (16) passes through the defect, the corresponding probe (16) will tilt with the round block (14) as the turning point, and the resistance arm formed by the first square rod (18) and the second square rod (19) can amplify the rotation amplitude of the round block (14), driving the connecting block (20) to move upward or downward. The defect on the surface of the wheelset (3) will cause the telescopic plate (21) to tilt, thereby expressing the defect on the surface of the wheelset (3) in the form of a tilted telescopic plate (21).

2. The surface defect detection device for railway locomotive parts according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The bottom of the telescopic plate (21) is fixedly connected to a dial plate (23), the front side of the dial plate (23) is provided with a scale line (24), the lowest end of the scale line (24) is provided as a zero point (25), and the bottom of the telescopic plate (21) is rotatably connected to a pointer (22), the pointer (22) points to the zero point (25) in an initial state.

3. The surface defect detection device for railway locomotive parts according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Two fixing plates (31) are fixedly connected to the top of the top plate (12); screw rods (32) are rotatably connected on the sides of the two fixing plates (31) that are close to each other; the vertical block (13) is threadedly connected to the screw rods (32); the threads of the two screw rods (32) are arranged in opposite directions; the ends of the two screw rods (32) that are close to each other are fixedly connected via a connecting rod (33); a second motor (34) is fixedly connected to the left side of the fixing plate (31) on the left side; the output shaft end of the second motor (34) is fixedly connected to the screw rod (32) on the left side; the two screw rods (32) are driven to rotate synchronously by the second motor (34); and the threads of the two screw rods (32) are arranged in opposite directions to drive the two vertical blocks (13) to move in a direction close to each other.

4. The surface defect detection device for railway locomotive parts according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The supporting mechanism comprises two supporting platforms (6), a semicircular groove (7) is provided on the top of the supporting platform (6), and a plurality of rollers (8) are provided inside the semicircular groove (7).

5. The surface defect detection device for railway locomotive parts according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The driving mechanism comprises four support plates (9), wherein a friction wheel (10) is rotatably connected between two corresponding support plates (9), the friction wheel (10) is in close contact with the wheel axle (1), the friction wheel (10) is driven by a first motor (11), the first motor (11) is fixedly connected to the support plates (9), thereby realizing the rotation of the wheel axle (1) through the two friction wheels (10), the top of the bottom plate (5) is fixedly connected to two electric push rods (35), the movable ends of the electric push rods (35) are fixedly connected to the bottom of the top plate (12), and the free lifting and lowering of the top plate (12) is realized through the two electric push rods (35).

6. A method for surface defect detection using the surface defect detection device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1: placing the wheel axle (1) of the wheel horizontally and centrally in the semicircular groove (7) of the supporting platform (6); S2: adjusting the electric push rod (35) so that the probe (16) is in close contact with the outermost part of the conical surface (4); S3: starting the first motor (11) to drive the friction wheel (10) to drive the wheel shaft (1) to rotate; S4: Then, the second motor (34) is started to drive the probe (16) to gradually move toward the center via the vertical block (13).

7. The method for surface defect detection according to claim 6, characterized in that: S5: During the detection process, when the middle telescopic plate (21) shows continuous inclination, it indicates that there is a difference in the taper of the two wheel sets (3).

8. The method for detecting surface defects according to claim 6, characterized in that: S5: During the detection process, if the middle telescopic plate (21) tilts momentarily, it indicates that there is a defect on the surface of one of the wheel sets (3).

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