Device and method for testing cloud explosion parameters of combustible gas in open space

Abstract

The invention relates to a combustible gas cloud explosion parameter testing device and method in an open space, and belongs to the technical field of combustible gas explosion safety protection. The test device comprises an explosion environment simulation system and a performance test system, and further comprises a combustible gas bottle, an air bottle, an inert gas bottle, a solid powder explosion suppression tank, a liquid explosion suppression tank, an ignition device and an explosion-proof fan, the explosion environment simulation system comprises a supporting platform and a shell located above the supporting platform, a closed space is formed between the shell and the supporting platform, and the closed space is used for performing explosion simulation on the combustible gas cloud; the ignition device is connected into the closed space through a circuit and is used for igniting combustible gas; the anti-explosion fan is used for blowing air to the outer surface of the shell; the performance test system comprises a temperature test system, a pressure test system, a concentration test system, a sound test system, a flame velocity system, a fluid microstructure system, a structural strain system, an image acquisition system and an obstacle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a device and a method for testing explosion parameters of combustible gas clouds in an open space, belonging to the technical field of combustible gas explosion safety protection. Background Art

[0002] In many fields such as energy, chemical industry, and transportation, explosion accidents caused by flammable gas leakage occur frequently, especially the explosion of flammable gas cloud in open space, which not only causes huge casualties, but also brings serious economic losses. The characteristics of this type of explosion accident are that it has a wide impact range, great power, and is difficult to predict and control.

[0003] The existing combustible gas explosion test devices have the problems of single simulation environment and insufficient flexibility, which makes it difficult to fully reflect the diversity of gas explosions in actual complex environments. At the same time, in a complex and changeable open environment, the evolution of gas cloud explosions is affected by many factors such as gas cloud morphology, wind speed, obstacle distribution, etc., which makes it difficult to directly apply laboratory results to actual scenarios. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem solved by the present invention is: to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a device and method for testing the explosion parameters of combustible gas clouds in an open space.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is:

[0006] A combustible gas cloud explosion parameter test device in an open space, the test device comprising an explosion environment simulation system and a performance test system, and also comprising a combustible gas cylinder, an air cylinder, an inert gas cylinder, a solid powder explosion suppression tank, a liquid explosion suppression tank, an ignition device and an explosion-proof fan;

[0007] Combustible gas cylinders are used to store flammable gases, air cylinders are used to store air, and inert gas cylinders are used to store inert gases, such as nitrogen; solid powder explosion suppression tanks are used to store inert solid powders, such as sodium bicarbonate, and liquid explosion suppression tanks are used to store liquid explosion suppression agents, such as water;

[0008] The explosion environment simulation system comprises a support platform and a shell located above the support platform, a closed space is formed between the shell and the support platform, and the closed space is used to simulate the explosion of the combustible gas cloud;

[0009] The flammable gas cylinders, air cylinders, inert gas cylinders, solid powder explosion suppression tanks, and liquid explosion suppression tanks are connected to the confined space through pipelines respectively;

[0010] The ignition device is connected to the confined space through a line and is used to ignite the combustible gas;

[0011] The explosion-proof fan is used to blow air to the outer surface of the housing;

[0012] The performance test system includes a temperature test system, a pressure test system, a concentration test system, a sound test system, a flame speed system, a fluid microstructure system, a structural strain system, an image acquisition system, and obstacles;

[0013] The temperature test system is used to test the flame temperature inside the confined space and the flame temperature outside the confined space when the combustible gas cloud explodes;

[0014] The pressure test system is used to test the pressure inside and outside the confined space when the combustible gas cloud explodes;

[0015] The concentration test system is used to test the concentration of combustible gas in a confined space during a flammable gas cloud explosion;

[0016] The sound test system is used to test the noise outside the confined space when the combustible gas cloud explodes;

[0017] The flame speed system is used to test the flame speed of combustible gas clouds when they explode;

[0018] The fluid microstructure system is used to test the density of the fluid during the explosion of flammable gas cloud;

[0019] The structural strain system is used to test the strain response value of obstacles when the combustible gas cloud explodes and impacts the obstacles;

[0020] The image acquisition system is used to collect images of combustible gas cloud explosion.

[0021] A method for testing explosion parameters of combustible gas clouds in an open space, the method comprising:

[0022] The first step is to mix the combustible gas and air and introduce them into the confined space;

[0023] Or it is mixed with at least one of an inert gas, an inert solid powder, and a liquid and then introduced into a closed space;

[0024] The second step is to ignite the mixture in the confined space through the ignition device, and to turn on or off the explosion-proof fan during the ignition;

[0025] The third step is to test the temperature inside and outside the confined space when the combustible gas cloud explodes through the temperature testing system;

[0026] The pressure test system is used to test the pressure inside the confined space and the pressure outside the confined space when the combustible gas cloud explodes;

[0027] The concentration test system is used to test the concentration of flammable gas in a confined space during the explosion of the flammable gas cloud.

[0028] The noise outside the confined space when the combustible gas cloud explodes is tested by the sound test system;

[0029] The flame speed system is used to test the flame speed of combustible gas clouds during explosions;

[0030] The density of the fluid during the explosion of flammable gas cloud is tested by fluid microstructure system;

[0031] The structural strain system is used to test the strain response value of obstacles when the combustible gas cloud explodes and impacts the obstacles;

[0032] The image acquisition system is used to collect images of combustible gas cloud explosion.

[0033] The temperature test system uses a STGW-C temperature sensor and a FAST S1K high-speed short-wave infrared thermal imager. The range of the STGW-C temperature sensor is 0 to 2300°C, and the response time is ≤2ms. The resolution of the FAST S1K high-speed short-wave infrared thermal imager is 640×512p and the frequency is 1000Hz.

[0034] The pressure test system adopts FPG pressure sensor with a measuring range of 0.001-1MPa and a response frequency of 50-500kHz;

[0035] The concentration test system adopts an explosion-proof concentration sensor with an accuracy of ≤±1% FS;

[0036] The sound test system uses an AWA6290L+ multi-channel signal analyzer with a noise range of 20 to 140 dB(A) and a sampling frequency of 8192 to 192 kHz;

[0037] The flame speed system uses a SA51000K-M2 high-speed camera with a maximum shooting speed of 1,000,000 fps, which can accurately capture the flame propagation evolution process of combustible gas cloud explosion and obtain the corresponding flame propagation speed through the propagation distance and time difference;

[0038] The fluid microstructure is constructed using a high-speed schlieren instrument;

[0039] The image acquisition system uses a DJI Mavic 2Pro drone, which has a maximum hovering time of 40 minutes and an effective pixel of 20 million, and can comprehensively and intuitively obtain the influence of explosion suppression agents on the fire retardation and explosion suppression effect of combustible gas clouds;

[0040] The structural strain system uses an external resistance strain gauge to convert the monitored resistance value change into a voltage signal.

[0041] Through a flammable gas cloud explosion parameter testing device in an open space, the dynamic characteristics and explosion suppression performance test of different types of flammable gas cloud explosions by explosion suppressants of different components (including single-phase gas explosion suppressants, solid powder explosion suppressants, liquid explosion suppressants, gas-solid powder explosion suppressants, gas-liquid explosion suppressants, gas-solid powder-liquid explosion suppressants) are realized. The influencing factors mainly include: (1) The influencing factors of explosion suppressants include: ① Single-phase gas influencing factors: gas type, gas concentration, multi-component inert gas; ② Single-phase solid powder influencing factors: dust type, particle size, humidity, concentration, multi-phase powder, etc.; ③ Single-phase liquid influencing factors: liquid type, concentration, particle size, existence state, distribution area, multi-component liquid ratio, etc.; ④ Gas-solid dust influencing factors: gas characteristic parameters and dust physical property parameters; ⑤ Gas-liquid influencing factors: gas physical property parameters and liquid characteristic parameters; ⑥ Gas- Solid powder-liquid influencing factors: gas characteristic parameters, solid dust physical parameters and liquid characteristic parameters; (2) Influencing factors of combustible gas cloud explosion include: gas type, gas concentration, multi-component combustible gas; (3) Boundary condition influencing factors include: gas cloud shape, gas cloud size, initial pressure, initial temperature, ignition and delay time, ignition energy, ignition position, ignition method (pulse ignition, continuous ignition), wind speed, wind speed direction, obstacle area, obstacle position, obstacle thickness, obstacle porosity, liquid nozzle angle, etc. Based on this, the influence of multiple factors on its explosion characteristics is determined and explosion suppression performance evaluation and explosion suppression success criteria are proposed.

[0042] The main explosion parameters collected include: (1) explosion pressure, flame temperature, concentration distribution, flame propagation characteristics, microscopic flow field evolution process, etc. inside the confined space; (2) outside the confined space, including: explosion pressure, flame temperature, flame propagation characteristics, noise intensity, stress and strain, etc.; (3) the coupling effect and change process of multiple physical fields such as pressure field, temperature field, concentration field, density field, velocity field, etc. of the explosion suppression flow field under the action of explosion suppressants; (4) based on the instantaneous change characteristics of explosion parameters with time under explosion suppression conditions, the corresponding relationship between flame propagation characteristics and explosion parameter changes is comprehensively analyzed to further clarify the suppression mechanism and influence law of explosion suppressants on combustible gas clouds.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0044] The testing device and method of the present invention can simultaneously test multiple key response parameters of combustible gas cloud explosions in open spaces, including flame temperature, explosion pressure, concentration distribution, flame propagation speed, noise intensity, fluid microstructure, stress strain and flame morphology, etc., providing an unprecedented platform support for studying the evolution laws of combustible gas explosions and explosion disaster characteristics.

[0045] The present invention can realize testing after mixing flammable gas clouds of different components with various substances such as inert gas, inert solid powder, liquid explosion suppressant, etc., and can simulate the explosion of flammable gas clouds under different boundary conditions, providing a powerful tool for studying explosion suppression measures and optimizing explosion suppression technology.

[0046] The present invention can realize the research on the key technologies of kinetic characteristics of explosion evolution of combustible gas cloud and explosion suppression performance testing, and the research on the key technologies of explosion evolution kinetic characteristics and explosion suppression performance testing under multi-parameter working conditions.

[0047] Compared with traditional experimental devices, the present invention has novel design scheme and diverse experimental contents, namely, many variable parameters, good visualization effect and intuitive display of experimental results, etc. It provides theoretical guidance and technical support for the safety protection design of combustible gas cloud explosion hazards in open spaces.

[0048] The invention has reasonable structure, stable performance and is easy to operate, and is convenient for carrying out the evaluation of explosion hazard characteristics of combustible gas clouds in industrial and trade enterprises, as well as the research on influencing factors and mechanisms. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the combustible gas cloud explosion parameter testing device in an open space according to the present invention;

[0050] Figure 2 A top view of the test platform of the present invention;

[0051] Among them Figure 1 As shown, the device includes: 1. Support platform; 2. Shell; 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, multi-direction connecting components; 4. Circulating gas distribution instrument; 5. Adjustable high-pressure igniter; 6. Synchronous controller; 7. Program control and data acquisition system; 8-1, 8-2, 8-3, 8-4, temperature sensor; 9-1, 9-2, 9-3, concentration sensor; 10-1, 10-2, 10-3, 10-4, pressure sensor; 11, high 1. High-speed infrared thermal imager; 2. High-speed camera; 3. Global camera drone; 4. High-speed schlieren; 5. Inert gas cylinder; 6. Solid powder explosion suppression tank; 7. High-pressure fine nozzle; 8. Liquid explosion suppression tank; 9. High-precision pressure gauge; 10. Multi-channel signal analyzer; 11. Explosion-proof fan; 12. Obstacles; 13. Explosion-proof tripod.

[0052] like Figure 2As shown, the platform is made of 304 stainless steel with a thickness of 1.5 cm. There are several concentric rectangular and annular grooves of different sizes on the platform. The grooves are 5 mm wide and 7 mm deep, with diameters of 50 cm, 75 cm, 100 cm, 150 cm, and 200 cm respectively. The five interface screw holes are G3 / 8, wherein the interface (1-1) is a multi-steering connection component 3-1, the interface (1-2) is a temperature sensor 8-1, the interface (1-3) is a multi-steering connection component 3-2, the interface (1-4) is an air intake port, and the interface (1-5) is a pressure sensor 10-1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0054] Example

[0055] like Figure 1 As shown, a combustible gas cloud explosion parameter testing device in an open space includes: a supporting platform 1, a shell 2, multi-direction connecting components 3-1, 3-1, 3-3, a precision gas distribution system, an adjustable high-pressure ignition system, a wind speed regulation system, a temperature testing system, a pressure testing system, a concentration testing system, a sound testing system, a flame speed system, a fluid microstructure system, a structural strain system, an image acquisition system, obstacles, a high-frequency response explosion suppression system, and a synchronous control and data acquisition system.

[0056] The support platform 1 is a test platform, and a multi-direction connecting member 3-3 is arranged at its right diagonal for connecting a high-pressure fine nozzle 17; a plurality of small holes are arranged at the bottom of the platform, which are respectively interfaces for a gas pipeline, multi-direction connecting members 3-1, 3-2, a temperature sensor, and a pressure sensor; the gas pipeline is connected to the platform, and the required combustible gas concentration is prepared through a circulating gas distributor 4; the multi-direction connecting member 3-1 is connected to the platform, and concentration sensors 9-1, 9-2, and 9-3 are respectively installed on its branch rods for monitoring concentration distribution; one end of the multi-direction connecting member 3-2 is connected to the platform, and the other end is connected to the ignition rod for adjusting the ignition position; the temperature sensor 8-1 is installed on the platform for recording the temperature data of the explosion field; the pressure sensor 10-1 is installed on the platform for recording the pressure data of the explosion field; the housing 2 is tightly fixed to the platform to form a closed space;

[0057] The precision gas distribution system includes a flammable gas cylinder, an air cylinder, an inert gas cylinder 15, a circulating gas distributor 4, a one-way valve, and a gas pipe; the flammable gas cylinder, the air cylinder, and the inert gas cylinder 15 are connected to one end of the circulating gas distributor 4 through the gas pipe, and the other end of the circulating gas distributor 4 is connected to the one-way valve through the gas pipe, and the one-way valve is connected to the platform through the gas pipe;

[0058] The adjustable high-voltage ignition system includes an ignition rod, a multi-direction connection component 3-2, and an adjustable high-voltage igniter 5; the ignition rod is installed on the multi-direction connection component 3-2, the multi-direction connection component 3-2 is located at the center of the platform, and the adjustable high-voltage igniter 5 is connected to the ignition rod through an intelligent cable;

[0059] The wind speed adjustment system controls the explosion-proof fan 21 to adjust the wind speed and direction through the program control and acquisition system 7;

[0060] The concentration testing system includes concentration sensors 9-1, 9-2 and 9-3, and a multi-steering connection member 3-1; the concentration sensors 9-1, 9-2 and 9-3 are all arranged inside a closed space and connected to the built-in cables of the multi-steering connection member 3-1; the concentration sensor 9-1 is installed on a low-level branch rod of the multi-steering connection member 3-1, the concentration sensor 9-2 is installed on a middle-level branch rod of the multi-steering connection member 3-1, and the concentration sensor 9-3 is installed on a high-level branch rod of the multi-steering connection member 3-1;

[0061] The temperature testing system includes temperature sensors 8-1, 8-2, 8-3, 8-4 and explosion-proof tripods 22-1, 22-2, 22-3, and a high-speed infrared thermal imager 11; the temperature sensor 8-1 is installed on the platform to measure the temperature change of the flame inside the enclosed space, the temperature sensor 8-2 is installed on the explosion-proof tripod 22-3 to measure the temperature change at 0.5m away from the platform, the temperature sensor 8-3 is installed on the explosion-proof tripod 22-2 to measure the temperature change at 1.0m away from the platform, the temperature sensor 8-4 is installed on the explosion-proof tripod 22-1 to measure the temperature change at 1.5m away from the platform, and the high-speed infrared thermal imager 11 is set in a safe area outside the explosion source to measure the temperature change process of the whole flame;

[0062] The pressure testing system includes pressure sensors 10-1, 10-2, 10-3, 10-4 and explosion-proof tripods 23-4, 23-5, 23-6; the pressure sensor 10-1 is installed on the platform to measure the explosion pressure change inside the enclosed space, the pressure sensor 10-2 is installed on the explosion-proof tripod 23-4 to measure the pressure change at 0.5m away from the platform, the pressure sensor 10-3 is installed on the explosion-proof tripod 23-5 to measure the pressure change at 1.0m away from the platform, and the pressure sensor 10-4 is installed on the explosion-proof tripod 23-6 to measure the pressure change at 1.5m away from the platform;

[0063] The flame speed system uses a high-speed camera 12 to accurately capture the flame propagation evolution process of the combustible gas cloud explosion, and obtain the corresponding flame propagation speed through the propagation distance and time difference;

[0064] The image acquisition system uses a global camera drone 13, which can comprehensively and intuitively obtain the influence of the explosion suppression agent on the explosion suppression effect of the combustible gas cloud;

[0065] The fluid microstructure system uses a high-speed schlieren instrument 14 in cooperation with a high-speed camera 12 to accurately capture the microstructure evolution process of the combustible gas cloud explosion flow field;

[0066] The sound test system integrates sound level, decibel and frequency analysis functions, and controls the multi-channel signal analyzer 20 through the program control and acquisition system 7 to display, record and analyze the sound signals at different positions of the explosion field in real time;

[0067] The structural strain system converts the monitored resistance value change into a voltage signal through an external resistance strain gauge of the obstacle 22, and transmits it through the program control and acquisition system 7 to display, record and analyze the dynamic strain of the obstacle under the action of the shock wave in real time;

[0068] The high-frequency response explosion suppression system includes a circulating gas distributor 4, an inert gas bottle 15, a solid powder explosion suppression tank 16, a high-pressure fine nozzle 17, a liquid explosion suppression tank 18, a high-precision pressure gauge 19, a solenoid valve, and a multi-direction connecting component 3-3; the inert gas bottle 15 is connected to the circulating gas distributor 4; the solid powder explosion suppression tank 16 is connected to the gas pipeline through a three-way valve, the high-precision pressure gauge 19 is installed on the liquid explosion suppression tank 18, the liquid explosion suppression tank 18 is connected to the high-pressure fine nozzle 17 through a solenoid valve, and the high-pressure fine nozzle 17 is arranged on the multi-direction connecting component 3-3 and extends into the enclosed space;

[0069] The synchronous control and data acquisition system includes a synchronous controller 6 and a program control and acquisition system 7; wherein the synchronous controller 6-a cooperates with the concentration sensors 9-1, 9-2 and 9-3 to monitor the distribution of the concentration of the combustible gas cloud inside the enclosed space over time; the synchronous controller 6-b controls the adjustable high-voltage igniter 5 to adjust the parameter settings, and then discharges and ignites the combustible gas cloud; the synchronous controller 6-c cooperates with the temperature sensors 8-1, 8-2, 8-3, and 8-4 to accurately monitor the flame temperature changes, and cooperates with the high-speed infrared thermal imager 11 to obtain the explosion flame evolution process and the thermal radiation distribution range; the synchronous controller 6-d cooperates with the pressure sensors 10-1, 10-2, 10-3, and 10-4 to monitor and collect the explosion field pressure and free field shock wave changes; the synchronous controller 6-e cooperates with the high-speed camera 12, the global camera drone 13, and the high-speed schlieren 14 , obtain the flame propagation speed, flame morphology evolution, explosion flow field microstructure and fire-retardant and explosion-suppression effect, and analyze the explosion evolution characteristics and explosion suppression performance in a more systematic and comprehensive manner; through the synchronous controller 6-f coordinated sound test system, the explosion sound intensity, frequency characteristics and its impact on the surrounding environment are evaluated; through the synchronous controller 6-g and 6-h coordinated wind speed adjustment system and structural strain system, the wind speed, direction and obstacle parameters are adjusted to achieve changes in environmental wind speed and obstacle influencing factors, and monitor structural stress and strain; through the synchronous controller 6-i coordinated high-frequency response explosion suppression system, single-phase, two-phase (gas-solid powder explosion suppressant, gas-liquid explosion suppressant), multi-phase (gas-solid powder-liquid explosion suppressant) coupled explosion suppression tests are realized, and then the synergistic effect and optimal combination of different explosion suppression technologies are evaluated, thereby expanding the application scope of explosion suppression technology and improving explosion suppression efficiency and accuracy.

[0070] In this embodiment, the support platform 1 is a platform that can be raised and lowered, with an adjustable tilt angle, and has lockable universal wheels, which is convenient for flexible movement and positioning to more fully simulate the real open space environment. The platform is provided with a plurality of grooves and interfaces of different sizes (such as Figure 2 As shown), it is used to fix the housing 2 and connect various functional components, thereby realizing accurate simulation of open spaces of different sizes and shapes.

[0071] In this embodiment, the shell 2 is made of non-pressure-bearing polyethylene film, and is tightly fixed to the platform by rubber gaskets and sealing putty to form a closed space, and has a variety of replaceable sizes and shapes (hemispherical, cubic) to simulate complex and changeable open environments.

[0072] In this embodiment, the multi-steering connecting component device adopts a multifunctional telescopic steering rod, which has an explosion-proof function, can be telescoped forward and backward and flexibly rotated, and has built-in intelligent cables and pipeline channels. Through the synchronous controller 6, flexible deployment and precise control of concentration sensors, ignition rods and explosion suppression nozzles can be achieved.

[0073] In this embodiment, the precision gas distribution system adopts high-precision flow control technology and gas partial pressure mixing algorithm, which can accurately control the ratio of combustible gas, inert gas and air, and realize the mixing of multi-proportion and multi-type gases to study the explosion characteristics and explosion suppression effects under different concentration conditions.

[0074] In this embodiment, the adjustable high-voltage ignition system accurately adjusts the ignition position and ignition energy through a synchronous controller, supports ignition at any position in the simulation space, and can realize ignition mode and parameter settings, including pulse ignition and continuous ignition, to study the influence of ignition conditions on the explosion process.

[0075] In this embodiment, the concentration testing system adopts a three-dimensional spatial layout, and the concentration sensors are distributed at different heights and positions in the simulation space. It can monitor and quantify the gradient changes of the combustible gas concentration in real time, and comprehensively capture the subtle changes in the concentration distribution, providing data support for in-depth research on the impact of concentration gradients on explosion parameters.

[0076] In this embodiment, the concentration, temperature and pressure testing system uses high-precision sensors, combined with a synchronous controller 6, to achieve real-time monitoring and data collection of combustible gas concentration, flame temperature and explosion pressure during the explosion process, and supports accurate quantitative analysis of explosion parameters.

[0077] In this embodiment, the flame speed system, image acquisition system and fluid microstructure system integrate a high-speed camera 12, a global camera drone 13 and a high-speed schlieren instrument 14, and through multi-dimensional observation means, accurately capture the flame propagation process, the microstructure of the explosion flow field and the explosion suppression effect, providing intuitive and comprehensive experimental data support.

[0078] In this embodiment, the sound testing system, structural strain system, and wind speed regulation system are provided with remote control interfaces to achieve remote control and monitoring, thereby improving the safety and convenience of the experiment.

[0079] In this embodiment, the high-frequency response explosion suppression system integrates multiple explosion suppression methods, including inert gas, inert solid powder and liquid explosion suppression agent, and has the ability of rapid response and precise control. Through the precise scheduling of the synchronous controller 6, the flexible selection and synergy of single-phase, two-phase and even multi-phase explosion suppression agents can be achieved to effectively suppress the spread of explosion flames.

[0080] A device for testing the explosion parameters of combustible gas clouds in an open space comprises the following steps:

[0081] (1) Install and debug the test equipment to ensure that the supporting platform 1, shell 2, multi-steering connecting components 3-1, 3-1, 3-3, precision gas distribution system, adjustable high-pressure ignition system, wind speed adjustment system, concentration test system, temperature test system, pressure test system, flame speed system, image acquisition system, fluid microstructure system, sound test system, structural strain system, high-frequency response explosion suppression system, synchronous control and data acquisition system are in good condition.

[0082] (2) Adjust the platform height to 1m and the tilt angle to horizontal, lock the wheels, install the gas pipe, ignition rod, temperature sensor 8-1, and pressure sensor 10-1 on the platform and seal the interface with sealing glue. Install concentration sensors 9-1, 9-2, and 9-3 on the multi-steering connection component 3-1 and adjust the support rod heights to 25cm, 50cm, and 75cm, respectively, and the length to 50cm. At the same time, fix the hemispherical housing 2 with a diameter of 100cm on the platform with a rubber gasket and sealing glue to make the test system airtight and detect each control system. The initial pressure is normal pressure and the initial temperature is room temperature.

[0083] (3) A flammable gas cloud with a hydrogen / air concentration of 30% is prepared through a precision gas distribution system. The required gas volume is calculated using the partial pressure method, and the amount of injected gas is controlled by a circulating gas distributor 4 and filled into the enclosed space. After the gas injection is completed, the air inlet valve and the gas distribution system are closed.

[0084] (4) The concentration sensors 9-1, 9-2 and 9-3 are coordinated with the synchronous controller 6-a to monitor the distribution of the concentration of the combustible gas cloud inside the confined space over time to ensure the accuracy of the concentration of the combustible gas cloud during ignition.

[0085] (5) The adjustable high-voltage igniter 5 is controlled by the synchronous controller 6-b, and the ignition position is set to center ignition, the ignition energy is set to 8J, the ignition mode is set to pulse ignition, and the ignition delay time is set to 0s.

[0086] (6) The temperature changes of the explosion field and free field flame can be accurately monitored by the synchronous controller 6-c in coordination with the temperature sensors 8-1, 8-2, 8-3, and 8-4; at the same time, a high-speed infrared thermal imager 11 is used to obtain the evolution process of the explosion flame and the distribution range of thermal radiation.

[0087] (7) The explosion field pressure and free field shock wave changes can be monitored and collected by the synchronous controller 6-d in coordination with the pressure sensors 10-1, 10-2, 10-3, and 10-4.

[0088] (8) By using the synchronous controller 6-e to coordinate with the high-speed camera 12, the global camera drone 13, and the high-speed schlieren 14, the flame propagation speed, flame morphology evolution, explosion flow field microstructure, and fire-retardant and explosion-suppressing effects can be effectively obtained, and the explosion evolution characteristics and explosion suppression performance can be analyzed more systematically and comprehensively.

[0089] (9) Through the synchronous controller 6-f and the sound test system, the explosion sound intensity, frequency characteristics and its impact on the surrounding environment can be evaluated.

[0090] (10) Through the synchronous controller 6-g coordinated wind speed regulation system, the wind speed is set to 5m / s and the wind direction is due east wind.

[0091] (11) Through the synchronous controller 6-h coordinated structural strain system, the obstacle position is set to 2m to the west of the platform, with a thickness of 1cm, a porosity of 1, and an area of ​​4m 2 .

[0092] (12) The single-phase liquid explosion suppression performance test is carried out by coordinating the high-frequency response explosion suppression system with the synchronous controller 6-i. The synchronous controller 6-g issues a command to open the solenoid valve, and the high-pressure fine nozzle 17 sprays liquid explosion suppressant (fine water mist) to act on the explosion flame to effectively block the fire and suppress the explosion. The particle size of the fine water mist is 10 microns and the concentration is 20g / m 3 , the distribution range covers the interior of the confined space.

[0093] (13) After the experiment, the explosion parameters obtained include explosion pressure, explosion intensity, flame temperature, thermal radiation intensity, concentration distribution and change, noise intensity and exposure time, flame speed and propagation pattern, fluid density field, structural stress strain and damage degree, etc.

[0094] (14) Based on the experimental results, it is possible to clearly determine the severity of the explosion, the range of thermal impact that may be caused to surrounding objects and personnel, the concentration distribution and change pattern of the combustible gas cloud, the conditions and process of the explosion, the explosion propagation mechanism and development process, the noise intensity and exposure time, the degree of structural damage, the explosion suppression effect and the criteria for successful explosion suppression.

[0095] By referring to Table 1-5, we can clearly understand the impact of explosion parameters on building damage and casualties, accurately assess the potential risk of explosion, provide technical support for hazard analysis of combustible gas cloud explosion accidents, and provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of relevant safety prevention and control measures;

[0096] Through the quantitative analysis of explosion parameters, the explosion suppression effect can be objectively and scientifically evaluated, and the optimal explosion suppression agent parameter combination can be determined, providing a reliable basis for optimizing explosion suppression strategies and improving industrial safety levels.

[0097] Determine the explosion resistance requirements of industrial facilities, buildings and other structures based on explosion parameters, optimize the design of industrial facilities, and provide a basis for formulating safety protection measures, emergency plans and reasonable planning;

[0098] Based on explosion parameters, provide data support for explosion mechanism research, enterprise safety management, and standard formulation, promote the development of related fields, and reduce the pollution and damage to the environment caused by explosions;

[0099] Establish prediction models based on explosion parameters, develop new explosion suppression technologies, formulate standards and specifications, etc., to improve the ability to prevent and control combustible gas cloud explosions and promote the innovation and development of explosion prevention and control technologies.

[0100] Table 1 Classification of damage levels of buildings affected by shock wave overpressure

[0101]

[0102]

[0103] Table 2 Damage effect of shock wave overpressure on buildings (TNT equivalent method)

[0104]

[0105] Table 3 Table of the harmful effects of shock wave overpressure on human body

[0106]

[0107] Table 4 The harmful effects of noise on human body

[0108]

[0109]

[0110] Table 5 The harmful effects of temperature on human body

[0111]

[0112] In summary, the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for testing the explosion parameters of combustible gas clouds in an open space, characterized in that: The test device includes an explosion environment simulation system and a performance test system, as well as a flammable gas cylinder, an air cylinder, an inert gas cylinder, a solid powder explosion suppression tank, a liquid explosion suppression tank, an ignition device and an explosion-proof fan; Combustible gas cylinders are used to store combustible gases, air cylinders are used to store air, and inert gas cylinders are used to store inert gases; solid powder explosion suppression tanks are used to store inert solid powders, and liquid explosion suppression tanks are used to store liquid explosion suppression agents; The explosion environment simulation system comprises a support platform and a shell located above the support platform, a closed space is formed between the shell and the support platform, and the closed space is used to simulate the explosion of the combustible gas cloud; The flammable gas cylinders, air cylinders, inert gas cylinders, solid powder explosion suppression tanks, and liquid explosion suppression tanks are connected to the confined space through pipelines respectively; The ignition device is connected to the confined space through a line and is used to ignite the combustible gas; The explosion-proof fan is used to blow air to the outer surface of the housing; The performance test system includes a temperature test system, a pressure test system, a concentration test system, a sound test system, a flame speed system, a fluid microstructure system, a structural strain system, an image acquisition system, and obstacles; The temperature test system is used to test the temperature inside and outside the confined space when the combustible gas cloud explodes; The pressure test system is used to test the pressure inside and outside the confined space when the combustible gas cloud explodes; The concentration test system is used to test the concentration of combustible gas in a confined space during a flammable gas cloud explosion; The sound test system is used to test the noise outside the confined space when the combustible gas cloud explodes; The flame speed system is used to test the flame speed of combustible gas clouds when they explode; The fluid microstructure system is used to test the density of the fluid during the explosion of flammable gas cloud; The structural strain system is used to test the strain response value of obstacles when the combustible gas cloud explodes and impacts the obstacles; The image acquisition system is used to collect images of combustible gas cloud explosion.

2. The device for testing the explosion parameters of combustible gas clouds in an open space according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature testing system adopts STGW-C temperature sensor and FAST S1K high-speed short-wave infrared thermal imager. The range of STGW-C temperature sensor is 0-2300°C and the response time is ≤2ms. The resolution of FAST S1K high-speed short-wave infrared thermal imager is 640×512p and the frequency is 1000Hz.

3. The device for testing the explosion parameters of combustible gas clouds in an open space according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure testing system adopts an FPG pressure sensor with a measuring range of 0.001-1MPa and a response frequency of 50-500kHz.

4. The device for testing the explosion parameters of combustible gas clouds in an open space according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concentration testing system adopts an explosion-proof concentration sensor with an accuracy of ≤±1% FS.

5. The device for testing the explosion parameters of combustible gas clouds in an open space according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sound test system adopts AWA6290L+ multi-channel signal analyzer, with a noise range of 20-140dB(A) and a sampling frequency of 8192Hz-192kHz.

6. The device for testing the explosion parameters of combustible gas clouds in an open space according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flame speed system uses a SA51000K-M2 high-speed camera with a maximum shooting speed of 1,000,000 fps to capture the flame propagation evolution process of combustible gas cloud explosions and obtain the corresponding flame propagation speed through the propagation distance and time difference.

7. The device for testing the explosion parameters of combustible gas clouds in an open space according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fluid microstructure system adopts a high-speed schlieren instrument; The image acquisition system uses a DJI "MAVIC 2Pro" drone with a maximum hovering time of 40 minutes and an effective pixel of 20 million.

8. The device for testing the explosion parameters of combustible gas clouds in an open space according to claim 1, characterized in that: The structural strain system uses an external resistance strain gauge to convert the monitored resistance value change into a voltage signal.

9. A method for testing the explosion parameters of combustible gas clouds in an open space, characterized in that The method includes: The first step is to mix the combustible gas and air and introduce them into the confined space; Or it is mixed with at least one of an inert gas, an inert solid powder, and a liquid and then introduced into a closed space; The second step is to ignite the mixture in the confined space through the ignition device, and turn on the explosion-proof fan during ignition; The third step is to test the temperature inside and outside the confined space when the combustible gas cloud explodes through the temperature testing system; The pressure test system is used to test the pressure inside the confined space and the pressure outside the confined space when the combustible gas cloud explodes; The concentration test system is used to test the concentration of flammable gas in a confined space during the explosion of the flammable gas cloud. The sound test system is used to test the noise outside the confined space when the combustible gas cloud explodes; The flame speed system is used to test the flame speed of combustible gas clouds during explosions; The density of the fluid during the explosion of flammable gas cloud is tested by fluid microstructure system; The structural strain system is used to test the strain response value of obstacles when the combustible gas cloud explodes and impacts the obstacles; The image acquisition system is used to collect images of combustible gas cloud explosion.

10. A method for testing the explosion parameters of combustible gas clouds in an open space, characterized in that The method includes: The first step is to mix the combustible gas and air and introduce them into the confined space; Or it is mixed with at least one of an inert gas, an inert solid powder, and a liquid and then introduced into a confined space; The second step is to ignite the mixture in the confined space through the ignition device without turning on the explosion-proof fan; The third step is to test the temperature inside and outside the confined space when the combustible gas cloud explodes through the temperature testing system; The pressure test system is used to test the pressure inside the confined space and the pressure outside the confined space when the combustible gas cloud explodes; The concentration test system is used to test the concentration of flammable gas in a confined space during the explosion of the flammable gas cloud. The noise outside the confined space when the combustible gas cloud explodes is tested by the sound test system; The flame speed system is used to test the flame speed of combustible gas clouds during explosions; Testing the density of the fluid during the explosion of flammable gas cloud by testing the fluid microstructure; The structural strain system is used to test the strain response value of obstacles when the combustible gas cloud explodes and impacts the obstacles; The image acquisition system is used to collect images of combustible gas cloud explosion.

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