Frequency doubling induction output tube

Abstract

The invention provides a frequency-doubling induction output tube, and the output tube comprises a grid-controlled electron gun which is used for providing an emission electron beam; the input cavity is used for receiving microwave input and performing density modulation on an emitted electron beam; the input cavity is connected with an electron gun insulating ceramic cavity, and the electron gun insulating ceramic cavity is connected with a frequency doubling output cavity which is used for amplifying the frequency and bandwidth of an electron beam after density modulation by n times; the frequency multiplication output cavity is provided with a coupling hole, is connected with a T-shaped waveguide splitter and is used for tuning the resonant frequency and the Q value and outputting a signal; the frequency doubling output cavity is connected with a collector insulating ceramic cavity, and the collector insulating ceramic cavity is connected with a multi-stage depressed collector and used for recycling unused electron energy. The energy recovery rate is improved; higher frequency can be processed and a wider working frequency band can be provided; the output power is improved, the stability of equipment is enhanced, and the service life is prolonged; the structure is easy to process, and production cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of microwave amplifier devices, and in particular to a frequency doubling induction output tube. Background Art

[0002] With the development of modern communication technology and electronic equipment, the demand for high-performance microwave amplifiers is growing. In recent years, in particular, the fields of millimeter wave radar, digital TV transmitters, particle accelerators and secure communications have put forward higher requirements for microwave amplifiers, including higher operating frequency, wider operating bandwidth, higher efficiency and longer service life.

[0003] As a compact high-power microwave amplifier, the inductive output tube is widely used in the above fields due to its small size, light weight, high efficiency and other advantages. Although the inductive output tube in the related art performs well in the low frequency band, it has the following limitations in the application of high frequency bands (such as millimeter waves and terahertz):

[0004] Frequency limitation: The inductive output tube in the related art is difficult to work effectively in the high frequency band, especially in the millimeter wave and terahertz frequency range. This is mainly due to the limitation of its structural design, which cannot directly generate or amplify specific high-frequency signals.

[0005] Insufficient efficiency: The energy recovery rate of the induction output tube in the related art is low, resulting in limited overall efficiency, especially at high power output, the energy loss is large, affecting the energy efficiency ratio of the system.

[0006] Narrow bandwidth: The working bandwidth of the inductive output tube in the related art is narrow and cannot meet the requirements of multi-band or multi-mode operation. This is a significant limitation for applications that need to process multiple frequencies or broadband signals.

[0007] In addition, some high-performance microwave devices are difficult to manufacture due to their complex internal structures, which increases production costs and difficulty. Summary of the invention

[0008] The present invention provides a frequency doubling induction output tube, which solves the problem of how to improve the performance of the induction output tube in terms of frequency, efficiency, bandwidth, etc. in high frequency band applications.

[0009] In order to achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0010] Provided is a frequency doubling induction output tube, comprising:

[0011] A grid-controlled electron gun for providing an emission electron beam;

[0012] An input cavity is used to receive microwave input and use the input microwave to density modulate the electron beam emitted by the grid-controlled electron gun; a first electron drift channel is arranged in the input cavity, and the grid-controlled electron gun is arranged in the first electron drift channel and is sealed and electrically insulated therefrom;

[0013] The output end of the input cavity is connected to an electron gun insulating ceramic cavity, and one end of the electron gun insulating ceramic cavity away from the input cavity is connected to a frequency doubling output cavity;

[0014] The frequency-doubling output cavity is used to amplify the frequency and bandwidth of the density-modulated electron beam by n times;

[0015] A coupling hole is provided on the peripheral side of the frequency doubling output cavity, and a T-type waveguide splitter is connected through the coupling hole. The T-type waveguide splitter is used to tune the resonant frequency and Q value and output a signal;

[0016] The side of the frequency doubling output cavity away from the input cavity is connected to a collector insulating ceramic cavity, and the end of the collector insulating ceramic cavity away from the frequency doubling output cavity is connected to a multi-stage step-down collector;

[0017] The multi-stage step-down collector is used to recover unused electron energy.

[0018] In a first possible implementation manner, the T-type waveguide brancher specifically includes a waveguide branch inlet and a waveguide branch outlet, and the waveguide branch inlet is connected to the coupling hole;

[0019] The T-type waveguide splitter also includes a waveguide short-circuit piston plate and a short-circuit piston plate connecting rod. The waveguide short-circuit piston plate is used to adjust the electrical length in the waveguide, thereby changing the resonant frequency and Q value; the short-circuit piston plate connecting rod is fixedly connected to the waveguide short-circuit piston plate, so that the piston plate can be controlled and moved by an external mechanism.

[0020] In a second possible implementation, the multi-stage voltage-reducing collector is in a cavity structure, including a plurality of groups of conical first voltage-reducing collectors and a group of U-shaped second voltage-reducing collectors used in conjunction therewith;

[0021] The width of the first voltage-reducing collector gradually decreases in the reverse direction of the electron beam;

[0022] The larger ends of the plurality of groups of the first step-down collectors are fixedly connected by insulating ceramics and are coaxially arranged along the electron beam;

[0023] A larger end of a group of the first step-down collectors far away from the frequency-doubling output cavity is fixedly connected to an open end of the second step-down collector through insulating ceramic.

[0024] Based on the second possible implementation, in a third possible implementation, the frequency doubling output cavity is provided with a second electron drift channel coaxial with the electron beam;

[0025] The second electron drift channel is provided with a spherical protrusion anode head with focusing function at one end close to the electron gun insulating ceramic cavity; the second electron drift channel comprises two tapered parts whose width gradually decreases from the side wall of the frequency doubling output cavity to the inside thereof;

[0026] The gap between the two tapered portions forms a frequency-doubling output cavity gap.

[0027] Based on the third possible implementation, in a fourth possible implementation, the smaller end of a group of first step-down collectors close to the frequency doubling output cavity is the same as the maximum diameter of the second electron drift channel, and extends into the collector insulating ceramic cavity and is coaxially arranged with the second electron drift channel.

[0028] In a fifth possible implementation manner, n is greater than 1 and less than or equal to 10.

[0029] In a sixth possible implementation, the input cavity, the electron gun insulating ceramic cavity, the frequency doubling output cavity, the collector insulating ceramic cavity and the multi-stage step-down collector are all coaxially arranged cylindrical structures.

[0030] In a seventh possible implementation, the input cavity and the frequency doubling output cavity are reentrant cylindrical structures, dumbbell-shaped structures, rectangular structures, elliptical resonant cavity structures, or trapezoidal groove extended interaction resonant cavity structures.

[0031] Based on the seventh possible implementation, in an eighth possible implementation, the resonant frequency and bandwidth of the input cavity and the frequency-doubling output cavity are changed by changing at least one of the following factors:

[0032] The shape, volume, position and angle of the coupling loop, thickness of the resonant cavity gap and distance of the resonant cavity gap.

[0033] In a ninth possible implementation, the number of electrodes of the multi-stage step-down collector is no more than 5.

[0034] The resonance frequency and bandwidth of the frequency-doubling output cavity of the present application are n times that of the input cavity, achieving the purpose of increasing the operating frequency and bandwidth; at the same time, the use of a multi-stage step-down collector with high recovery efficiency can greatly improve the efficiency of the inductive output tube; the frequency-doubling output cavity uses a new T-type waveguide splitter to load and realize the tuning of the resonance frequency and Q value, which can greatly improve the output power of the output cavity and also increase the service life of the frequency-doubling output tube. Compared with the traditional inductive output tube structure, this structure has higher efficiency, higher operating frequency, wider bandwidth and longer service life. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 An axial cross-sectional view of a frequency doubling induction output tube provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0036] Reference numerals:

[0037] Grid-controlled electron gun 100; cathode 101; heater 102; grid 103;

[0038] Input cavity 200; coaxial input cable 201;

[0039] Electron gun insulating ceramic cavity 300;

[0040] Frequency doubling output cavity 400; second electron drift channel 401; anode head 402; frequency doubling output cavity gap 403;

[0041] T-type waveguide splitter 500; waveguide branch inlet 501; waveguide branch outlet 502; waveguide short-circuit piston plate 503; short-circuit piston plate connecting rod 504;

[0042] Collector insulating ceramic cavity 600;

[0043] Multi-stage step-down collector 700 ; first step-down collector 701 ; second step-down collector 702 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] In order to further explain the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined purpose, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application are clearly described. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0045] The terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the terms used in this way are interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first", "second", etc. are generally of one type, and the number of objects is not limited. For example, the first object can be one or more. In addition, "and / or" in the specification and claims represents at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the objects associated with each other are in an "or" relationship.

[0046] The description of the method flow in the specification of the present application and the steps of the flowchart in the drawings of the present specification do not have to be strictly executed according to the step numbers, and the method steps can be executed in a different order. Moreover, some steps can be omitted, multiple steps can be combined into one step, and / or one step can be decomposed into multiple steps.

[0047] The frequency doubling induction output tube provided in the embodiment of the present application is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.

[0048] First, the application scenario of the frequency doubling induction output tube in the embodiment of the present application is described in detail.

[0049] The inductive output tube is a density modulated microwave tube that combines microwave triodes, tetrodes and klystrons. It is a compact high-power microwave amplifier. Compared with klystrons, inductive output tubes have the advantages of small size, light weight and high efficiency, and are particularly suitable for low-frequency applications. Compared with microwave triodes and tetrodes, inductive output tubes can operate at higher frequencies, greater power and higher gain.

[0050] In recent years, application fields such as millimeter wave radar, digital TV transmitter, particle accelerator and secure communication have put forward requirements for higher frequency (millimeter wave and terahertz), higher efficiency and wider bandwidth for inductive output tubes, while the performance indicators of traditional low-frequency inductive output tubes in related technologies cannot meet the market needs.

[0051] In view of the technical problems such as frequency limitation, insufficient efficiency, narrow bandwidth, complex manufacturing and short service life in its application in high frequency bands (such as millimeter waves and terahertz), this application proposes a frequency doubling induction output tube with high efficiency, high frequency, wide bandwidth and long service life. The efficiency of the induction output tube is improved by adopting a multi-stage step-down collector 700 with high recovery efficiency; at the same time, the output cavity adopts a frequency doubling output cavity 400, which can realize n times the frequency of the microwave signal fed into the input cavity 200 and n times the bandwidth; the output cavity adopts a new T-type waveguide splitter 500 to load and realize the tuning of the resonant frequency and Q value, which can greatly improve the output power of the output cavity and also improve the service life of the frequency doubling output tube. The present application can provide a stable amplification effect in a higher frequency range, while maintaining a high energy efficiency and a long service life, meeting the requirements of high efficiency, high frequency, wide bandwidth, long service life and the like in modern microwaves, millimeter wave radars, confidential communications and particle accelerators and other related fields.

[0052] See also Figure 1 , the embodiment of the present application provides a frequency doubling induction output tube, such as Figure 1 As shown, including:

[0053] The grid-controlled electron gun 100 is used to provide an emission electron beam. Specifically, the grid-controlled electron gun 100 comprises: a cathode 101 in an arc-shaped structure; a heater 102 in a spiral structure; and a grid 103 in a mesh structure, which is spherically parallel to the cathode 101 .

[0054] The input cavity 200 is used to receive microwave input and use the input microwave to density modulate the electron beam emitted by the grid-controlled electron gun 100; a first electron drift channel coaxial with the electron beam is provided in the input cavity 200, and the grid-controlled electron gun 100 is penetrated in the first electron drift channel and is sealed and electrically insulated therefrom; the input cavity 200 is connected to a coaxial input cable 201, which feeds microwaves into the input cavity 200 to provide input microwave power therefor.

[0055] The output end of the input cavity 200 is connected to the electron gun insulating ceramic cavity 300 , and one end of the electron gun insulating ceramic cavity 300 away from the input cavity 200 is connected to the frequency doubling output cavity 400 .

[0056] The frequency-doubling output cavity 400 is used to amplify the frequency and bandwidth of the density-modulated electron beam by n times, where n is greater than 1 and less than or equal to 10. The density-modulated electron beam undergoes energy exchange in the output cavity, and the generated high-frequency energy is output to the outside. In other words, the resonant frequency and bandwidth of the output cavity are n times that of the input cavity 200.

[0057] The frequency doubling output cavity 400 is provided with a second electron drift channel 401 coaxial with the electron beam, and a spherical protruding anode head 402 with a focusing effect is provided at one end of the second electron drift channel 401 close to the electron gun insulating ceramic cavity 300; the second electron drift channel 401 includes two conical portions whose width gradually decreases from the side wall of the frequency doubling output cavity 400 to its interior, and the gap between the two conical portions forms a frequency doubling output cavity gap 403.

[0058] A coupling hole is provided on the periphery of the frequency doubling output cavity 400, and a T-type waveguide branch 500 is connected through the coupling hole. The T-type waveguide branch 500 is used to tune the resonant frequency and Q value and output the signal.

[0059] The T-type waveguide splitter 500 specifically includes a waveguide branch inlet 501 and a waveguide branch outlet 502. The waveguide branch inlet 501 is connected to the coupling hole, and the signal enters the T-type waveguide splitter 500 from there. The signal after optimizing the output power and efficiency is output from the waveguide branch outlet 502. The T-type waveguide splitter 500 also includes a waveguide short-circuit piston plate 503 and a short-circuit piston plate connecting rod 504. The waveguide short-circuit piston plate 503 is a movable metal plate used to adjust the electrical length in the waveguide, thereby changing the resonant frequency and Q value; the short-circuit piston plate connecting rod 504 is fixedly connected to the waveguide short-circuit piston plate 503, so that the piston plate can be controlled and moved by an external mechanism. Its position can be adjusted mechanically or electronically.

[0060] The side of the frequency doubling output cavity 400 away from the input cavity 200 is connected to a collector insulating ceramic cavity 600 , and the end of the collector insulating ceramic cavity 600 away from the frequency doubling output cavity 400 is connected to a multi-stage step-down collector 700 .

[0061] The multi-stage step-down collector 700 is used to recycle unused electronic energy and improve overall efficiency;

[0062] The multi-stage step-down collector 700 is in a cavity structure, including multiple groups of conical first step-down collectors 701 and a group of U-shaped second step-down collectors 702 used in conjunction with the first step-down collectors 701; the width of the first step-down collectors 701 gradually decreases in the opposite direction of the electron beam; the larger ends of the multiple groups of first step-down collectors 701 are fixedly connected by insulating ceramics and are coaxially arranged along the electron beam; the larger ends of a group of first step-down collectors 701 away from the frequency doubling output cavity 400 are fixedly connected to the open end of the second step-down collector 702 by insulating ceramics; the smaller ends of a group of first step-down collectors 701 close to the frequency doubling output cavity 400 are the same as the maximum diameter of the second electron drift channel 401, and extend into the collector insulating ceramic cavity 600 and are coaxially arranged with the second electron drift channel 401.

[0063] In some possible implementations, the input cavity 200, the electron gun insulating ceramic cavity 300, the frequency doubling output cavity 400, the collector insulating ceramic cavity 600 and the multi-stage step-down collector 700 are all cylindrical structures, and the input cavity 200, the electron gun insulating ceramic cavity 300, the frequency doubling output cavity 400, the collector insulating ceramic cavity 600 and the multi-stage step-down collector 700 are coaxially arranged. Specifically: the input cavity 200 and the frequency doubling output cavity 400 are re-entrant metal cylindrical structures; the electron gun insulating ceramic cavity 300 between the input cavity 200 and the frequency doubling output cavity 400 adopts a cylindrical hollow structure; the insulating ceramics between the electrodes of the multi-stage step-down collector 700 all adopt a cylindrical hollow structure.

[0064] Further, the input cavity 200 and the frequency - doubled output cavity 400 can be a re - entrant cylindrical structure, a dumbbell - shaped structure, a rectangular structure, an elliptical resonator structure, or a trapezoidal groove extended interaction resonator structure.

[0065] In specific implementation, the resonant frequencies and bandwidths of the input cavity 200 and the frequency - doubled output cavity 400 are changed by changing at least one of the following factors: shape, volume, position and angle of the coupling ring, thickness of the resonator cavity gap, and distance of the resonator cavity gap.

[0066] In some possible implementation manners, the insulating ceramic between the electrodes of the multi - stage depressed collector 700 is alumina ceramic material.

[0067] In some possible implementation manners, the number of electrodes of the multi - stage depressed collector 700 does not exceed 5.

[0068] The working process or principle of this application is as follows:

[0069] When the frequency - doubled inductive output tube works, the resonant frequency and bandwidth of the frequency - doubled output cavity 400 are n times that of the input cavity 200, achieving the purpose of increasing the working frequency and bandwidth; at the same time, the multi - stage depressed collector 700 with high recovery efficiency can greatly improve the efficiency of the inductive output tube; the frequency - doubled output cavity 400 uses a new type of T - type waveguide splitter 500 to load for tuning the resonant frequency and Q value, which can greatly improve the output power of the output cavity and also extend the service life of the frequency - doubled output tube. Compared with the traditional inductive output tube structure, this structure has higher efficiency, higher working frequency, wider bandwidth, and longer service life.

[0070] By adopting a multi - stage depressed collector, this application can effectively recover the unused electron energy, thereby greatly improving the overall energy conversion efficiency. This not only reduces energy waste but also lowers the operating cost. The frequency - doubled output cavity can amplify the frequency of the input microwave signal by n times (1 < n ≤ 10) and correspondingly expand the bandwidth. This ability makes the device particularly suitable for applications that require higher frequencies and wider bandwidths, such as millimeter - wave radars, digital TV transmitters, etc. The design of the new type of T - type waveguide splitter optimizes the resonant frequency and Q value, improves the output power while enhancing the stability of the device, thus extending the service life of the device. The structure of this application is relatively simple, which makes the manufacturing process more convenient, reduces the production cost, and is convenient for maintenance and repair. By changing the shape, volume, position and angle of the coupling ring, thickness of the resonator cavity gap, and distance of the resonator cavity gap of the input cavity and the frequency - doubled output cavity, the resonant frequency and bandwidth can be flexibly adjusted to meet different application requirements. Due to its characteristics of high efficiency, high frequency, and wide bandwidth, this inductive output tube is applicable to a variety of high - frequency microwave application fields, including but not limited to millimeter - wave radars, digital TV transmitters, particle accelerators, and secure communications, etc.

[0071] It should be noted that, in this article, the terms "comprise", "include" or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise one..." do not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the element. In addition, it should be pointed out that the scope of the methods and devices in the embodiments of the present application is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, and may also include performing functions in a substantially simultaneous manner or in reverse order according to the functions involved, for example, the described method may be performed in an order different from that described, and various steps may also be added, omitted, or combined. In addition, the features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0072] The embodiments of the present application are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation methods. The above-mentioned specific implementation methods are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the guidance of the present application, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the purpose of the present application and the scope of protection of the claims, all of which are within the protection of the present application.

Claims

1. Frequency doubling induction output tube, characterized in that: include: A grid-controlled electron gun for providing an emission electron beam; An input cavity is used to receive microwave input and use the input microwave to density modulate the electron beam emitted by the grid-controlled electron gun; a first electron drift channel is arranged in the input cavity, and the grid-controlled electron gun is arranged in the first electron drift channel and is sealed and electrically insulated therefrom; The output end of the input cavity is connected to an electron gun insulating ceramic cavity, and one end of the electron gun insulating ceramic cavity away from the input cavity is connected to a frequency doubling output cavity; The frequency-doubling output cavity is used to amplify the frequency and bandwidth of the density-modulated electron beam by n times; A coupling hole is provided on the peripheral side of the frequency doubling output cavity, and a T-type waveguide splitter is connected through the coupling hole. The T-type waveguide splitter is used to tune the resonant frequency and Q value and output a signal; The side of the frequency doubling output cavity away from the input cavity is connected to a collector insulating ceramic cavity, and the end of the collector insulating ceramic cavity away from the frequency doubling output cavity is connected to a multi-stage step-down collector; The multi-stage step-down collector is used to recover unused electron energy.

2. The frequency doubling induction output tube according to claim 1, characterized in that: The T-type waveguide splitter specifically includes a waveguide branch inlet and a waveguide branch outlet, and the waveguide branch inlet is connected to the coupling hole; The T-type waveguide splitter also includes a waveguide short-circuit piston plate and a short-circuit piston plate connecting rod. The waveguide short-circuit piston plate is used to adjust the electrical length in the waveguide, thereby changing the resonant frequency and Q value; the short-circuit piston plate connecting rod is fixedly connected to the waveguide short-circuit piston plate, so that the piston plate can be controlled and moved by an external mechanism.

3. The frequency doubling induction output tube according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-stage voltage-reducing collector has a cavity structure, including a plurality of groups of conical first voltage-reducing collectors and a group of U-shaped second voltage-reducing collectors used in conjunction with the conical first voltage-reducing collectors. The width of the first voltage-reducing collector gradually decreases in the reverse direction of the electron beam; The larger ends of the plurality of groups of the first step-down collectors are fixedly connected by insulating ceramics and are coaxially arranged along the electron beam; A larger end of a group of the first step-down collectors far away from the frequency-doubling output cavity is fixedly connected to an open end of the second step-down collector through insulating ceramic.

4. The frequency doubling induction output tube according to claim 3, characterized in that: The frequency doubling output cavity is provided with a second electron drift channel coaxial with the electron beam; The second electron drift channel is provided with a spherical protrusion anode head with focusing function at one end close to the electron gun insulating ceramic cavity; the second electron drift channel comprises two tapered parts whose width gradually decreases from the side wall of the frequency doubling output cavity to the inside thereof; The gap between the two tapered portions forms a frequency-doubling output cavity gap.

5. The frequency doubling induction output tube according to claim 4, characterized in that: The smaller end of a group of first step-down collectors close to the frequency doubling output cavity is the same as the maximum diameter of the second electron drift channel, and extends into the collector insulating ceramic cavity to be coaxially arranged with the second electron drift channel.

6. The frequency doubling induction output tube according to claim 1, characterized in that: The n is greater than 1 and less than or equal to 10.

7. The frequency doubling induction output tube according to claim 1, characterized in that: The input cavity, the electron gun insulating ceramic cavity, the frequency doubling output cavity, the collector insulating ceramic cavity and the multi-stage voltage-reducing collector are all coaxially arranged cylindrical structures.

8. The frequency doubling induction output tube according to claim 7, characterized in that: The input cavity and the frequency doubling output cavity are re-entrant cylindrical structures, dumbbell-shaped structures, rectangular structures, elliptical resonant cavity structures or trapezoidal groove extended interactive resonant cavity structures.

9. The frequency doubling induction output tube according to claim 8, characterized in that: The resonant frequency and bandwidth of the input cavity and the frequency-doubled output cavity are changed by changing at least one of the following factors: The shape, volume, position and angle of the coupling loop, thickness of the resonant cavity gap and distance of the resonant cavity gap.

10. The frequency doubling induction output tube according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of electrodes of the multi-stage step-down collector shall not exceed 5.

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