Vascular plaque treatment device based on laser shock waves and laser ablation

Abstract

The invention discloses a laser shock wave and laser ablation blood vessel plaque treatment device which comprises a main machine and a catheter, the main machine comprises a laser device and a motor, and the catheter comprises a catheter body, a shock wave optical fiber, a balloon and an ablation optical fiber bundle. The laser is used for sending laser with certain wavelength to the shock wave fiber and the ablation fiber bundle. The motor is used for controlling the catheter to rotate. The balloon is located at the far end of the catheter body. A light outlet of the shock wave optical fiber is located in the balloon. A light outlet of the ablation fiber bundle is located at the tip opening of the catheter body. According to the plaque treatment device, the shock wave optical fiber and the ablation optical fiber bundle are integrated, the shock wave can crush the calcified plaque, the high-temperature ablation laser can ablate the plaque, after the shock wave and the ablation optical fiber bundle are combined, the plaque treatment efficiency and effect can be improved, and the balloon part can reach the lesion area of the blood vessel. The mode that the catheter is rotated through the motor is adopted, shock waves and ablation laser make full contact with the plaque, and therefore it is guaranteed that the plaque is comprehensively and thoroughly treated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of medical devices, and in particular relates to a device for treating vascular plaques by using laser shock waves and laser ablation. Background Art

[0002] Vascular stenosis is a common clinical imaging phenomenon, which is mainly due to the deposition of substances such as calcification on the originally smooth vascular endothelium, which obstructs blood flow and easily causes some complications and even endangers life. Therefore, vascular dilation has become a problem that needs to be solved urgently.

[0003] In the prior art, the laser and liquid react to generate shock waves to break up the calcified lesions. Specifically, the optical fiber is located in the balloon, so that the balloon reaches between the plaques in the lumen, and the balloon is filled with liquid (such as saline, etc.), and the optical fiber outputs lasers that combine with the liquid to generate shock waves. However, in reality, the blood vessels may be very narrow or completely blocked. At this time, the blood flow channel is not sufficient to support the catheter balloon part to reach the diseased area of ​​the blood vessel, so the plaque needs to be opened first. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a laser shock wave and laser ablation vascular plaque treatment device, which uses laser shock wave and laser ablation to effectively treat plaques and open the plaques so that the balloon portion of the catheter can reach the diseased area of ​​the blood vessel.

[0005] The present invention is implemented as follows: a laser shock wave and laser ablation vascular plaque treatment device, comprising a host and a catheter, the host comprising a laser and a motor, the catheter comprising a catheter body, a shock wave optical fiber, a balloon and an ablation optical fiber bundle;

[0006] The laser is used to send laser light of a certain wavelength to the shock wave optical fiber and the ablation optical fiber bundle, and the motor is used to control the rotation of the catheter;

[0007] The shock wave optical fiber and the ablation optical fiber bundle are located in the catheter body, and the balloon is located at the distal end of the catheter body.

[0008] The light outlet of the shock wave optical fiber is located in the balloon;

[0009] The light outlet of the ablation optical fiber bundle is located at the opening of the tip of the catheter body.

[0010] Furthermore, an ablation cavity and a cavity for accommodating a guide wire are provided in the catheter body, and the cavity and the ablation fiber bundle are both located in the ablation cavity; wherein the cavity is located at an eccentric position of the ablation cavity, and the ablation fiber bundle is located at the remaining position of the ablation cavity except the cavity, and the outer wall of the cavity intersects with the inner wall of the ablation cavity.

[0011] Furthermore, the ablation cavity is formed by a spring tube, and the thickness of the spring tube gradually becomes thinner from the proximal end to the distal end.

[0012] Furthermore, the light outlet of the shock wave optical fiber is fixed to the outer wall of the ablation cavity by gluing or mechanical fixing.

[0013] Furthermore, the shock wave fiber and the ablation fiber bundle use the same laser. When in use, the laser is first transmitted to the ablation fiber bundle for ablation, and then transmitted to the shock wave fiber for lithotripsy. Alternatively, the shock wave fiber and the ablation fiber bundle use different lasers. In this case, the two lasers can work simultaneously to perform shock wave lithotripsy and ablation at the same time.

[0014] Furthermore, the plaque treatment device also includes an OCT optical fiber, which enters the lesion site through the cavity, or is located in the ablation optical fiber bundle in the ablation cavity; the OCT optical fiber can image the ablation progress to prevent ablation on the blood vessel wall.

[0015] Furthermore, the plaque treatment device also includes an OCT optical fiber, and the OCT optical fiber and the shock wave optical fiber are the same optical fiber; the shock wave optical fiber is a double-clad optical fiber or a multi-core optical fiber, and the shock wave optical fiber is located in the balloon, and the OCT and shock wave can work simultaneously.

[0016] Furthermore, the shock wave optical fiber is provided with a plurality of light outlets, and a target body is provided at the light outlet, and the target body is used to combine with the liquid to generate shock waves.

[0017] Furthermore, the light-emitting surface of the light-emitting port is a concave structure for collecting the emitted light.

[0018] Furthermore, the side surface of the target body facing the light emitting surface is an inclined plane.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The laser shock wave and laser ablation vascular plaque treatment device provided by the present invention has a catheter that integrates a shock wave fiber 3 and an ablation fiber bundle 7. The shock wave generated by the shock wave fiber 3 can break up calcified plaques (i.e., crushed stones), and the laser emitted by the ablation fiber bundle 7 can ablate plaques. The combination of the two can improve the efficiency and effect of plaque treatment, so that the balloon 4 can partially reach the diseased area of ​​the blood vessel. The use of a motor to rotate the catheter allows the shock wave and the ablation laser to contact the plaque in all aspects, thereby ensuring that the plaque treatment is comprehensive and thorough. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1It is a longitudinal cross-sectional schematic diagram of a device for treating vascular plaques by laser shock wave and laser ablation provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a device for treating vascular plaques by laser shock wave and laser ablation provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of an OCT optical fiber provided in an embodiment of the present invention being arranged in an ablation optical fiber bundle;

[0024] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a structure in which a plurality of light outlets are arranged on a shock wave optical fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5a It is a structural schematic diagram of a first shock wave optical fiber light outlet provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5b is a schematic structural diagram of a second shock wave optical fiber light outlet provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5c It is a schematic structural diagram of a third shock wave optical fiber light outlet provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention; the terms "first", "second", and "third" are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance; in addition, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be a connection between the two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0030] See also Figure 1, shows a laser shock wave and laser ablation vascular plaque treatment device provided by this embodiment, including a main unit and a catheter, the main unit includes a laser 1 and a motor 2, the catheter includes a catheter body, a shock wave optical fiber 3, a balloon 4, an ablation cavity 5, a cavity 6 and an ablation optical fiber bundle 7.

[0031] The laser 1 is used to send a laser of a certain wavelength to the shock wave fiber 3 and the ablation fiber bundle 7, and the shock wave fiber 3 and the ablation fiber bundle 7 transmit the laser to the target position. The shock wave fiber 3 and the ablation fiber bundle 7 are located in the catheter body, the balloon 4 is located at the distal end of the catheter body, the light outlet 31 of the shock wave fiber 3 is located in the balloon 4; the light outlet of the ablation fiber bundle 7 is located at the opening of the tip of the catheter body. The motor 2 is used to control the rotation of the catheter.

[0032] The catheter is integrated with shock wave optical fiber 3 and ablation optical fiber bundle 7. When the intravascular plaque is in a blocked state, laser ablation is first used to open the blocked plaque pathway. After the laser ablation opens the path, a balloon is used to dilate the blood vessels. By filling the balloon with high pressure, the narrowed blood vessels are expanded and the thickened vascular wall lining is torn, thereby restoring the normal diameter of the vascular cavity and the smoothness of blood flow. In order to further break up the remaining plaques on the vascular wall, the shock wave generated by the shock wave optical fiber 3 is used to break up the calcified plaques. The laser (such as cold laser) emitted by the ablation optical fiber bundle 7 can ablate the plaque. The combination of the two can improve the efficiency and effect of plaque treatment, so that part of the balloon 4 can reach the diseased area of ​​the blood vessel. The method of using a motor to rotate the catheter allows the shock wave and the ablation laser to contact the plaque in all aspects, thereby ensuring that the plaque treatment is comprehensive and thorough.

[0033] The end of the catheter close to the main machine is the proximal end, and the end away from the main machine is the distal end. The shock wave optical fiber 3 extends from the proximal end to the distal end of the catheter, and the balloon 4 is located at the distal end of the catheter.

[0034] The cavity 6 is used to accommodate a guide wire, which guides the catheter into the blood vessel to reach the lesion location; the cavity 6 and the ablation fiber bundle 7 are located in the ablation cavity 5, and the ablation fiber bundle 7 is located in the remaining position of the ablation cavity 5 except the cavity 6.

[0035] The light outlet 31 of the shock wave optical fiber 3 is in the balloon and fixed on the outer wall of the ablation cavity 5. The light outlet 31 of the shock wave optical fiber 3 can be fixed on the outer wall of the ablation cavity 5 by gluing or mechanical fixing, and the specific fixing method is not limited.

[0036] Furthermore, the cavity 6 is located at an eccentric position of the ablation cavity 5, and the outer wall of the cavity 6 intersects with the inner wall of the ablation cavity 5. When the balloon 4 is expanded by liquid, as shown in FIG. Figure 2As shown, in the 360-degree direction, at the intersection of the outer wall of the balloon 4 and the inner wall of the ablation cavity 5, the balloon 4 does not expand. When the motor 2 controls the catheter to rotate, since the ablation cavity 5 containing the ablation fiber bundle 7 intersects with the wall of the balloon 4, a larger range of ablation can be ensured during rotation, and the balloon 4 is easier to reach. In addition, during rotation, the balloon 4 also rotates with it, which ensures that the shock wave acts in the entire lumen.

[0037] Since the length of the catheter is 80cm to 150cm, torque problems will occur during rotation, resulting in the possibility that the distal end of the catheter cannot rotate in real time or does not rotate. Therefore, the ablation cavity 5 can be composed of a spring tube, and the thickness of the spring tube gradually becomes thinner from the proximal end to the distal end of the catheter. The ablation cavity 5 can also be composed of materials such as polyether block polyamide, and a coating layer can be added to the outer wall of the ablation cavity 5 to increase the thickness of the ablation cavity. In order to further ensure the linkage between the rotation of the ablation cavity 5 and the balloon 4, a spring tube or a thickened coating can be set on the outer sleeve at the proximal end of the catheter.

[0038] Laser 1 can be a 355nm laser, in which case the same laser can be used for shock wave and ablation. When in use, the laser can be first transmitted to the ablation fiber bundle 7 for ablation, and then transmitted to the shock wave fiber 3 for lithotripsy. In some cases, shock wave and ablation can also use different lasers, in which case the two lasers can work at the same time, that is, shock wave lithotripsy and ablation are performed at the same time.

[0039] In some cases, because the progress cannot be obtained in real time during the shock wave lithotripsy process, the laser energy cannot be adjusted according to the progress, which may lead to poor lithotripsy or excessive lithotripsy. Therefore, optical coherence tomography (OCT) is added to image the blood vessels and observe the progress of the treatment. Optionally, when observing the progress of laser shock wave treatment, the shock wave laser parameters can also be adjusted according to the progress.

[0040] The laser shock wave and laser ablation vascular plaque treatment device of this embodiment is also provided with an OCT optical fiber 8, which can enter the lesion position through the cavity 6, or be arranged in the ablation optical fiber bundle 7 in the ablation cavity 5. During the treatment process, the OCT optical fiber 8 images the blood vessel and transmits the image to the host or computer in real time for display, so that the doctor can accurately understand the surgical target position and the ablation progress to prevent the ablation laser from acting on the blood vessel wall and causing blood vessel damage. Specifically, the tip of the OCT optical fiber 8 is conical, emitting light 360° forward, and the forward and 360° imaging can observe the ablation laser action position. If the ablation laser is observed to act on the blood vessel wall, the ablation optical fiber tip position is adjusted to ensure the safety of the treatment process.

[0041] In some cases, the OCT fiber 8 can be arranged in the ablation fiber bundle 7, such as Figure 3 In another case, the shock wave optical fiber 3 and the OCT optical fiber 8 are the same optical fiber, which is a double-clad optical fiber or a multi-core optical fiber, and the optical fiber is located in the balloon 4, and the OCT and shock wave can work simultaneously.

[0042] In order to ensure that the shock wave fills the balloon 4 and ensures efficient lithotripsy, a plurality of light outlets 31 may be provided on the shock wave optical fiber 3. Figure 4 As shown, the shock wave optical fiber 3 is provided with a plurality of light outlets 31 , and a target body 32 is provided at the light outlet 31 , and the target body 32 is used to combine with the liquid to generate shock waves.

[0043] Since, under the 355 laser, in order to generate shock waves, the light needs to act on the target 32 ​​and combine with the liquid to generate shock waves, the light outlet 31 of the shock wave optical fiber 3 can be designed as follows:

[0044] 1. As Figure 5a As shown, the light-emitting surface of the light-emitting port 31 is a planar structure, and the side surface of the target body 32 facing the light-emitting surface is also a planar structure.

[0045] 2. If Figure 5b As shown, the light-emitting surface of the light-emitting port 31 is a concave structure for collecting the emitted light; the side surface of the target body 32 facing the light-emitting surface is also a planar structure.

[0046] 3. Such as Figure 5c As shown, the light-emitting surface of the light-emitting port 31 is a concave structure for collecting the emitted light; the side of the target body 32 facing the light-emitting surface is an inclined plane. This design collects the emitted light, and the laser efficiency is high. Combined with the lateral target body 32, the treatment efficiency is higher.

[0047] In summary, the laser shock wave and laser ablation vascular plaque treatment device of this embodiment has at least the following technical effects:

[0048] 1. This embodiment uses the combined effects of laser shock wave lithotripsy and laser ablation to treat plaques, which has high treatment efficiency and good effect, so that the balloon 4 can reach the diseased area of ​​the blood vessel.

[0049] 2. The ablation fiber bundle 7 adopts an eccentric design to ensure the passability of the balloon 4 and the catheter.

[0050] 3. The incomplete expansion of the balloon 4 and the design of the light outlet 31 of the shock wave optical fiber 3 ensure the high efficiency of the shock wave.

[0051] 4. The method of rotating the catheter by motor 2 ensures comprehensive and thorough treatment of the plaque.

[0052] 5. The introduction of OCT imaging can prevent ablation on the blood vessel wall and ensure the safety of the treatment process.

[0053] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser shock wave and laser ablation vascular plaque treatment device, characterized in that: It comprises a host and a catheter, wherein the host comprises a laser and a motor, and the catheter comprises a catheter body, a shock wave optical fiber, a balloon and an ablation optical fiber bundle; The laser is used to send laser light of a certain wavelength to the shock wave optical fiber and the ablation optical fiber bundle, and the motor is used to control the rotation of the catheter; The shock wave optical fiber and the ablation optical fiber bundle are located in the catheter body, and the balloon is located at the distal end of the catheter body; The light outlet of the shock wave optical fiber is located in the balloon; The light outlet of the ablation optical fiber bundle is located at the opening of the tip of the catheter body.

2. The laser shock wave and laser ablation vascular plaque treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An ablation cavity and a cavity for accommodating a guide wire are also provided in the catheter body, and the cavity and the ablation fiber bundle are both located in the ablation cavity; wherein the cavity is located at an eccentric position of the ablation cavity, and the ablation fiber bundle is located at the remaining position of the ablation cavity except the cavity, and the outer wall of the cavity intersects with the inner wall of the ablation cavity.

3. The laser shock wave and laser ablation vascular plaque treatment device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ablation cavity is formed by a spring tube, and the thickness of the spring tube gradually becomes thinner from the proximal end to the distal end.

4. The laser shock wave and laser ablation vascular plaque treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light outlet of the shock wave optical fiber is fixed to the outer wall of the ablation cavity by gluing or mechanical fixing.

5. The laser shock wave and laser ablation vascular plaque treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shock wave fiber and the ablation fiber bundle use the same laser. When in use, the laser is first transmitted to the ablation fiber bundle for ablation, and then transmitted to the shock wave fiber for lithotripsy. Alternatively, the shock wave fiber and the ablation fiber bundle use different lasers. In this case, the two lasers can work simultaneously to perform shock wave lithotripsy and ablation at the same time.

6. The device for treating vascular plaque by laser shock wave and laser ablation according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: It also includes an OCT optical fiber, which enters the lesion site through the cavity or is located in the ablation optical fiber bundle in the ablation cavity; the OCT optical fiber can image the ablation progress to prevent ablation on the blood vessel wall.

7. The device for treating vascular plaque by laser shock wave and laser ablation according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: It also includes an OCT optical fiber, which is the same optical fiber as the shock wave optical fiber; the shock wave optical fiber is a double-clad optical fiber or a multi-core optical fiber, and the shock wave optical fiber is located in the balloon, and the OCT and shock wave can work simultaneously.

8. The laser shock wave and laser ablation vascular plaque treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shock wave optical fiber is provided with a plurality of light outlets, and a target body is provided at the light outlet, and the target body is used to combine with liquid to generate shock waves.

9. The laser shock wave and laser ablation vascular plaque treatment device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The light-emitting surface of the light-emitting port is a concave structure for collecting the emitted light.

10. The laser shock wave and laser ablation vascular plaque treatment device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The side surface of the target body facing the light emitting surface is an inclined plane.

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