Bridge group digital inspection and maintenance system and method based on GIS and BIM

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of bridge maintenance management, in particular to a bridge group digital inspection and maintenance system and method based on GIS and BIM. Comprising a data acquisition and integration module, a GIS space information management module, a BIM model construction and management module, a data analysis and early warning module, an inspection plan and maintenance management module, a user authority and safety management module and an emergency response and processing module. By integrating the GIS and BIM technologies, digital inspection and maintenance of a bridge group are realized, the bridge management efficiency and precision are remarkably improved, various data of bridges can be acquired and analyzed in real time, potential risks can be found in time, early warning can be performed, inspection routes and maintenance strategies can be scientifically planned, efficient execution of inspection work is ensured, and the inspection efficiency is improved. Strict user permission and a safety management mechanism guarantee the safety and integrity of data, and an emergency response and processing module enhances the capability of dealing with bridge emergencies, thereby providing powerful guarantee for long-term safe operation of the bridge.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of bridge maintenance and management, and in particular to a digital inspection and maintenance system and method for a bridge group based on GIS and BIM. Background Art

[0002] Traditional bridge inspection and maintenance work mainly relies on manual inspection and paper records. This method is not only inefficient, but also difficult to fully and accurately grasp the actual condition of the bridge. With the continuous development of information technology, especially the increasing maturity of geographic information system (GIS) and building information model (BIM) technology, new solutions have been brought for bridge inspection and maintenance.

[0003] However, although there are some bridge management systems based on GIS or BIM technology on the market, they often only focus on the application of a single technology and fail to give full play to the complementary advantages of GIS and BIM technologies. GIS technology excels in the storage, management and display of geographic spatial data, and can intuitively present the geographical location, surrounding environment and transportation network of the bridge; while BIM technology focuses on the digital modeling of building information, and can display the geometric shape, structural composition and material properties of the bridge in detail.

[0004] Therefore, in order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention proposes a digital inspection and maintenance system for bridge groups based on GIS and BIM, which aims to achieve comprehensive digital management of bridge groups by integrating GIS and BIM technologies, improve the efficiency and accuracy of bridge management, and ensure the long-term safe operation of bridges. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a digital inspection and maintenance system and method for bridge groups based on GIS and BIM to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is: a digital inspection and maintenance system for bridge groups based on GIS and BIM, including:

[0007] Data collection and integration module, which is used to collect various data of the bridge using the built sensor network and related data collection equipment, including structural health monitoring data, environmental data and traffic flow data;

[0008] GIS spatial information management module, which is used to store, manage and display the geographical location information, surrounding environment information and transportation network of the bridge using GIS technology;

[0009] BIM model building and management module, which is used to build a three-dimensional model of the bridge based on BIM technology, including the bridge's geometry, structural composition and material properties;

[0010] The data analysis and early warning module is used to process and analyze the collected data, identify potential problems and risks of the bridge, and automatically trigger the early warning mechanism when the bridge status reaches the preset early warning threshold to remind managers to take corresponding measures;

[0011] The inspection plan and maintenance management module is used to formulate scientific and reasonable inspection plans and maintenance strategies based on the actual conditions of the bridge and the results of data analysis, and provides inspection route planning, navigation and recording functions to support inspectors to complete inspection tasks efficiently;

[0012] User authority and security management module, which is used to manage the system's user accounts, roles and permissions, ensuring that different users can only access information within their authority scope, and provides data encryption, backup and recovery functions to ensure the security and integrity of system data, while recording user operation logs for easy tracking and auditing;

[0013] The emergency response and processing module is used to provide emergency response plans and processing procedures when an emergency occurs on a bridge. It also uses GIS and BIM technology to quickly locate the accident site, assess the scope of the accident, dispatch emergency resources, and record the emergency processing process and results to provide a reference for subsequent emergency management and improvement.

[0014] Preferably, the data acquisition and integration module includes:

[0015] A11: Sensor network, which consists of various types of sensors and is used to collect real-time data on the structural health status of the bridge, including stress sensors, displacement sensors, temperature sensors, and humidity sensors;

[0016] A12: UAV inspection system, which is used to collect images of the appearance and details of bridges through UAV equipment equipped with high-definition cameras and sensors;

[0017] A13: Manual inspection recording system, which records the location and degree of bridge damage through manual inspection;

[0018] A14: Data integration and processing center, used to receive data from sensor networks, drone inspection systems, and manual inspection recording systems, and integrate and pre-process them to obtain a complete data set.

[0019] Preferably, when the data integration and processing center receives data from the sensor network, the drone inspection system, and the manual inspection recording system and performs preprocessing to obtain a complete data set, the integration and preprocessing methods used include:

[0020] A21: Sensor data fusion algorithm, including weighted average method and Kalman filter method, among which the principle formula of weighted average method is:

[0021]

[0022] Among them, D fused is the fused data, D i is the data of the ith sensor, w i is the weight of the ith sensor, and

[0023] A22: Image recognition and processing technology, including edge detection, feature extraction and image segmentation to identify target objects and target features;

[0024] A23: Data cleaning and integration algorithms are used to remove duplicate, erroneous and invalid data and merge data from different sources;

[0025] A24: Standardization algorithm converts data from different sources and formats into a unified format and unit to ensure the consistency and accuracy of subsequent analysis, including data normalization and data scaling. The principle formula of data normalization is:

[0026]

[0027] Among them, X normalized is the normalized data, X is the original data, and X min and X max are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the data respectively;

[0028] The principle formula of data scaling processing is:

[0029]

[0030] Among them, X scaled is the scaled data, X is the original data, μ is the mean of the data, and σ is the standard deviation of the data.

[0031] Preferably, the GIS spatial information management module includes the following steps when using GIS technology to store, manage and display the geographical location information, surrounding environment information and transportation network of the bridge:

[0032] S11: Data reception and processing, receiving the collected data from the data collection and integration module, and preprocessing the received data to ensure the integrity, accuracy and consistency of the data. The data preprocessing methods used include data cleaning, data conversion and data arrangement;

[0033] S12: Data storage and management. According to the requirements of the GIS spatial information management module, a reasonable database structure is designed, and the pre-processed data is imported into the designed database to ensure the correct storage and efficient access of the data. At the same time, the data in the database is regularly updated and maintained to ensure the timeliness and accuracy of the data.

[0034] S13: Use GIS software or tools to create electronic maps based on data in the database and provide a series of browsing functions;

[0035] S14: Use the spatial analysis function of GIS to evaluate the mutual impact between the bridge and the surrounding environment, and display the results of the spatial analysis in a visual form so that users can intuitively understand the mutual impact between the bridge and the surrounding environment.

[0036] Preferably, the BIM model construction and management module includes the following steps when constructing a three-dimensional model of a bridge based on BIM technology:

[0037] S21: Project initialization and planning, determine the objectives, scope and accuracy requirements of BIM model construction, and collect design drawings, technical specifications and material lists of the bridge;

[0038] S22: According to the design drawings and technical specifications, gradually build each part of the bridge and integrate the bridge's geometry, structural composition, and material properties information into the model to create a three-dimensional model of the bridge;

[0039] S23: Verify the constructed 3D model to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the model, optimize the model according to the verification results, and correct errors and unreasonable aspects;

[0040] S24: Model management and update, providing model browsing function, allowing users to easily view the three-dimensional model of the bridge, and providing model editing function, allowing users to modify and update the model. At the same time, a model version control mechanism is established to ensure that the model is updated and modified in an orderly manner.

[0041] As a preferred method, the BIM model construction module verifies the constructed three-dimensional model to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the model, optimizes the model according to the verification results, and corrects errors and unreasonableness. The verification methods include:

[0042] A31: Axis-aligned bounding box collision detection, which represents the object as an axis-aligned rectangular box and implements collision detection by comparing the minimum and maximum values ​​of two axis-aligned rectangular boxes on each axis;

[0043] A32: Bounding sphere collision detection, the object is represented as a sphere, the position of the sphere center and the radius are two key parameters of the sphere. During collision detection, the distance between the two spheres is calculated, and it is determined whether the distance is less than the sum of the radii of the two spheres;

[0044] A33: Hierarchical bounding volume collision detection, which represents an object as a hierarchical structure composed of multiple bounding volumes. During collision detection, starting from the root node, the bounding volumes of two BVHs are compared layer by layer until it is determined that no collision occurs;

[0045] A34: Space segmentation algorithm divides the space into multiple subspaces, each of which contains multiple objects. During collision detection, it determines whether a collision occurs by traversing these subspaces and comparing the objects in them.

[0046] Preferably, the data analysis and early warning module processes and analyzes the collected data, identifies potential problems and risks of the bridge, and automatically triggers the early warning mechanism when the bridge status reaches the preset early warning threshold, reminding the management personnel to take corresponding measures, including the following steps:

[0047] S31: Obtain bridge data from the data acquisition and integration module, the GIS spatial information management module, and the BIM model construction and management module, and further process the data to improve the data quality;

[0048] S32: Use statistical methods and machine learning algorithms to conduct in-depth analysis of the processed data to extract key characteristics of the beam state, including deformation rate, stress level and vibration mode;

[0049] S33: Based on the extracted features, a bridge health monitoring model is established using machine learning and deep learning technologies, and the established bridge health monitoring model is used to predict the state changes of the bridge in the future;

[0050] S34: According to the prediction results of the bridge health monitoring model, a reasonable warning threshold is set. When the bridge status reaches or exceeds the warning threshold, the warning mechanism is triggered and warning information is sent to the management personnel.

[0051] Preferably, when the data analysis and early warning module uses machine learning and deep learning technologies to establish a bridge health monitoring model, the established bridge health monitoring model includes:

[0052] A41: Autoregressive model. The autoregressive model assumes that the current value is related to the previous n historical values. The principle formula of the autoregressive model is:

[0053] y t =φ1y t-1 +φ2y t-2 +……+φn y t-n +∈ t ;

[0054] Among them, φ n is the autoregressive coefficient, ∈ t is the error term, y t-n is the nth historical value;

[0055] A42: Moving average model. The moving average model assumes that the current error is related to the previous m error terms. Its principle formula is:

[0056] y t =μ+∈ t +θ1∈ t-1 +θ2∈ t-2 +……+θ m ∈ t-m ;

[0057] Among them, μ is the mean, θ m is the moving average coefficient;

[0058] A43: Vibration monitoring model, its principle formula is:

[0059] [M]u¨+[C]u˙+[K]u=F(t);

[0060] Among them, M, C and K are the mass matrix, damping matrix and stiffness matrix respectively, u¨, u˙ and u are the acceleration, velocity and displacement vectors respectively, and F(t) is the external excitation.

[0061] As a preferred method, the inspection plan and maintenance management module includes the following steps when formulating a scientific and reasonable inspection plan and maintenance strategy based on the actual situation of the bridge and the data analysis results:

[0062] S41: Develop a detailed inspection plan based on the actual conditions of the bridge and the results of data analysis;

[0063] S42: Use GIS spatial information management module to provide inspection personnel with optimal inspection route planning;

[0064] S43: Record the maintenance process and results to form a complete maintenance file. After the maintenance is completed, evaluate and record the maintenance results to form a complete maintenance file to provide a reference for subsequent bridge management.

[0065] As a preferred option, the emergency response and processing module provides emergency response plans and processing procedures when an emergency occurs on a bridge, and uses GIS and BIM technology to quickly locate the accident site, assess the scope of the accident, dispatch emergency resources, and record the emergency processing process and results, providing a reference for subsequent emergency management and improvement, including the following steps:

[0066] S51: receiving emergency reports. When an emergency occurs on a bridge, this module first receives reports from monitoring equipment, inspection personnel, and the public.

[0067] S52: Start the emergency response plan, and automatically start the corresponding emergency response plan according to the received emergency report;

[0068] S53: Use GIS and BIM technology to quickly locate the accident site, use the GIS spatial information management module to provide geospatial data support to help determine the geographical location of the accident, and use the BIM model construction and management module to provide a three-dimensional model of the bridge to help understand the structural characteristics and potential risk points of the bridge;

[0069] S54: Assess the scope of the accident impact, and combine GIS and BIM technology to further assess the scope of the accident impact;

[0070] S55: dispatch emergency resources, automatically dispatch emergency resources according to the evaluation results;

[0071] S56: Implement on-site processing. After emergency resources arrive at the scene, guide the rescue team and repair personnel to perform operations according to the predetermined processing procedures;

[0072] S57: Recording and feedback, record key information during the entire emergency response and handling process.

[0073] A digital inspection and maintenance method for bridge groups based on GIS and BIM includes the following steps:

[0074] S61: Utilize the sensor network and related data collection equipment to comprehensively collect various data of the bridge;

[0075] S62: Use GIS technology to store, manage and display the geographical location information, surrounding environment information and transportation network of the bridge;

[0076] S63: Based on BIM technology, a three-dimensional model of the bridge is constructed to show the geometric shape, structural composition and material properties of the bridge in detail;

[0077] S64: The collected data is processed and analyzed in depth, and advanced algorithms and models are used to identify potential problems and risks of bridges;

[0078] S65: Develop scientific and reasonable inspection plans and maintenance strategies based on the actual conditions of the bridge and data analysis results.

[0079] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0080] 1. By integrating GIS and BIM technologies, digital inspection and maintenance of bridge groups are realized, which significantly improves the efficiency and accuracy of bridge management. It can not only collect and analyze various data of bridges in real time, timely discover potential risks and issue early warnings, but also scientifically plan inspection routes and maintenance strategies to ensure efficient execution of inspection work. At the same time, strict user authority and security management mechanisms ensure the security and integrity of data, and the addition of emergency response and processing modules further enhances the ability to respond to bridge emergencies, providing a strong guarantee for the long-term safe operation of bridges;

[0081] 2. By comprehensively considering the actual condition of the bridge and the results of data analysis, scientific inspection plans are formulated, and GIS technology is used to optimize the inspection routes to ensure the efficient execution of the inspection work. At the same time, the maintenance process and results are recorded in detail to form a complete maintenance file, which provides valuable data support and decision-making basis for subsequent bridge management, and significantly improves the systematization and intelligence level of bridge maintenance management;

[0082] 3. By constructing a data collection and integration module that includes a sensor network, an unmanned aerial vehicle inspection system, a manual inspection and recording system, and a data integration and processing center, diversified and comprehensive collection of bridge health status data is achieved. The sensor network can monitor the key structural parameters of the bridge in real time, the unmanned aerial vehicle inspection system captures the appearance details of the bridge with high-definition images and sensor data, and the manual inspection and recording system supplements the detailed information on the location and extent of the disease. The data integration and processing center integrates the data from these sources and forms a complete data set after preprocessing, providing a solid foundation for subsequent analysis and decision-making. This technical solution has significantly improved the accuracy and comprehensiveness of bridge health monitoring and provided a strong guarantee for the safe operation of bridges. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0083] Figure 1 What is shown is a schematic diagram of the structure of the digital inspection and maintenance system for bridge groups based on GIS and BIM of the present invention;

[0084] Figure 2 What is presented is a flow chart of the digital inspection and maintenance method of bridge groups based on GIS and BIM of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0085] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0086] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides an embodiment: a digital inspection and maintenance system for bridge groups based on GIS and BIM, comprising:

[0087] Data collection and integration module, which is used to collect various data of the bridge using the built sensor network and related data collection equipment, including structural health monitoring data, environmental data and traffic flow data;

[0088] GIS spatial information management module, which is used to store, manage and display the geographical location information, surrounding environment information and transportation network of the bridge using GIS technology;

[0089] BIM model building and management module, which is used to build a three-dimensional model of the bridge based on BIM technology, including the bridge's geometry, structural composition and material properties;

[0090] The data analysis and early warning module is used to process and analyze the collected data, identify potential problems and risks of the bridge, and automatically trigger the early warning mechanism when the bridge status reaches the preset early warning threshold to remind managers to take corresponding measures;

[0091] The inspection plan and maintenance management module is used to formulate scientific and reasonable inspection plans and maintenance strategies based on the actual conditions of the bridge and the results of data analysis, and provides inspection route planning, navigation and recording functions to support inspectors to complete inspection tasks efficiently;

[0092] User authority and security management module, which is used to manage the system's user accounts, roles and permissions, ensuring that different users can only access information within their authority scope, and provides functions such as data encryption, backup and recovery to ensure the security and integrity of system data, while recording user operation logs for easy tracking and auditing;

[0093] The emergency response and processing module is used to provide emergency response plans and processing procedures when an emergency occurs on a bridge. It also uses GIS and BIM technology to quickly locate the accident site, assess the scope of the accident, dispatch emergency resources, and record the emergency processing process and results to provide a reference for subsequent emergency management and improvement.

[0094] As described above, the present invention realizes digital inspection and maintenance of bridge groups by integrating GIS and BIM technology, significantly improving the efficiency and accuracy of bridge management. It can not only collect and analyze various data of bridges in real time, discover potential risks and issue warnings in time, but also scientifically plan inspection routes and maintenance strategies to ensure efficient execution of inspection work. At the same time, strict user authority and security management mechanisms ensure the security and integrity of data, and the addition of emergency response and processing modules further enhances the ability to respond to bridge emergencies, providing a strong guarantee for the long-term safe operation of bridges.

[0095] Preferably, the data acquisition and integration module includes:

[0096] A11: Sensor network, which consists of various types of sensors and is used to collect real-time data on the structural health status of the bridge, including stress sensors, displacement sensors, temperature sensors, and humidity sensors;

[0097] A12: UAV inspection system, which is used to collect images of the appearance and details of bridges through UAV equipment equipped with high-definition cameras and sensors;

[0098] A13: Manual inspection recording system, which records the location and degree of bridge damage through manual inspection;

[0099] A14: Data integration and processing center, used to receive data from sensor networks, drone inspection systems, and manual inspection recording systems, and integrate and pre-process them to obtain a complete data set.

[0100] As described above, the present invention realizes diversified and comprehensive collection of bridge health status data by constructing a data collection and integration module including a sensor network, an unmanned aerial vehicle inspection system, a manual inspection recording system and a data integration and processing center. The sensor network can monitor the key structural parameters of the bridge in real time, the unmanned aerial vehicle inspection system captures the appearance details of the bridge with high-definition images and sensor data, the manual inspection recording system supplements the detailed information on the location and degree of the disease, and the data integration and processing center integrates the data from these sources to form a complete data set after preprocessing, providing a solid foundation for subsequent analysis and decision-making. This technical solution significantly improves the accuracy and comprehensiveness of bridge health monitoring and provides a strong guarantee for the safe operation of bridges.

[0101] Preferably, when the data integration and processing center receives data from the sensor network, the drone inspection system, and the manual inspection recording system and performs preprocessing to obtain a complete data set, the integration and preprocessing methods used include:

[0102] A21: Sensor data fusion algorithm, including weighted average method and Kalman filter method, among which the principle formula of weighted average method is:

[0103]

[0104] Among them, D fused is the fused data, D i is the data of the ith sensor, w i is the weight of the ith sensor, and

[0105] A22: Image recognition and processing technology, including edge detection, feature extraction and image segmentation to identify target objects and target features;

[0106] A23: Data cleaning and integration algorithms are used to remove duplicate, erroneous and invalid data and merge data from different sources;

[0107] A24: Standardization algorithm converts data from different sources and formats into a unified format and unit to ensure the consistency and accuracy of subsequent analysis, including data normalization and data scaling. The principle formula of data normalization is:

[0108]

[0109] Among them, X normalized is the normalized data, X is the original data, and X min and X max are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the data respectively;

[0110] The principle formula of data scaling processing is:

[0111]

[0112] Among them, X scaled is the scaled data, X is the original data, μ is the mean of the data, and σ is the standard deviation of the data.

[0113] As described above, the present invention realizes efficient integration and preprocessing of diversified data from sensor networks, drone inspection systems and manual inspection recording systems by adopting sensor data fusion algorithm, image recognition and processing technology, data cleaning and integration algorithm and standardization algorithm. The sensor data fusion algorithm improves the accuracy and reliability of the data, the image recognition and processing technology effectively extracts the key feature information of the bridge, the data cleaning and integration algorithm ensures the purity and consistency of the data, and the standardization algorithm realizes the unified format and unit of the data, providing a high-quality data foundation for subsequent analysis. This series of preprocessing measures significantly improves the comprehensive utilization rate and analysis accuracy of bridge health monitoring data, and provides strong support for bridge safety management decisions.

[0114] Preferably, the GIS spatial information management module includes the following steps when using GIS technology to store, manage and display the geographical location information, surrounding environment information and transportation network of the bridge:

[0115] S11: Data reception and processing, receiving the collected data from the data collection and integration module, and preprocessing the received data to ensure the integrity, accuracy and consistency of the data. The data preprocessing methods used include data cleaning, data conversion and data arrangement;

[0116] S12: Data storage and management. According to the requirements of the GIS spatial information management module, a reasonable database structure is designed, and the pre-processed data is imported into the designed database to ensure the correct storage and efficient access of the data. At the same time, the data in the database is regularly updated and maintained to ensure the timeliness and accuracy of the data.

[0117] S13: Use GIS software or tools to create electronic maps based on data in the database and provide a series of browsing functions;

[0118] S14: Use the spatial analysis function of GIS to evaluate the mutual impact between the bridge and the surrounding environment, and display the results of the spatial analysis in a visual form so that users can intuitively understand the mutual impact between the bridge and the surrounding environment.

[0119] As described above, the present invention realizes the comprehensive storage, efficient management and intuitive display of the geographical location, surrounding environment and transportation network information of the bridge through the GIS spatial information management module, ensures the data quality through data preprocessing, reasonably designs the database structure to ensure the efficient access and update maintenance of the data, uses GIS software to produce electronic maps and provide browsing functions, and uses the GIS spatial analysis function to evaluate the mutual influence between the bridge and the surrounding environment and present it in a visual form, which greatly improves the scientificity and efficiency of bridge management decisions.

[0120] Preferably, the BIM model construction and management module includes the following steps when constructing a three-dimensional model of a bridge based on BIM technology:

[0121] S21: Project initialization and planning, determine the objectives, scope and accuracy requirements of BIM model construction, and collect design drawings, technical specifications and material lists of the bridge;

[0122] S22: According to the design drawings and technical specifications, gradually build each part of the bridge and integrate the bridge's geometry, structural composition, and material properties information into the model to create a three-dimensional model of the bridge;

[0123] S23: Verify the constructed 3D model to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the model, optimize the model according to the verification results, and correct errors and unreasonable aspects;

[0124] S24: Model management and update, providing model browsing function, allowing users to easily view the three-dimensional model of the bridge, and providing model editing function, allowing users to modify and update the model. At the same time, a model version control mechanism is established to ensure that the model is updated and modified in an orderly manner.

[0125] As described above, the present invention realizes the accurate construction and efficient management of the three-dimensional model of the bridge through the BIM model construction and management module, ensuring the high accuracy and integrity of the model from project initialization to model verification and optimization; through the model management and update function, it not only provides convenient model browsing and editing services, but also establishes a model version control mechanism to ensure the continuous updating and accuracy of the model data, providing strong support for the design, construction and later maintenance of the bridge.

[0126] As a preferred method, the BIM model construction module verifies the constructed three-dimensional model to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the model, optimizes the model according to the verification results, and corrects errors and unreasonableness. The verification methods include:

[0127] A31: Axis-aligned bounding box collision detection, which represents the object as an axis-aligned rectangular box and implements collision detection by comparing the minimum and maximum values ​​of two axis-aligned rectangular boxes on each axis;

[0128] A32: Bounding sphere collision detection, the object is represented as a sphere, the position of the sphere center and the radius are two key parameters of the sphere. During collision detection, the distance between the two spheres is calculated, and it is determined whether the distance is less than the sum of the radii of the two spheres;

[0129] A33: Hierarchical bounding volume collision detection, which represents an object as a hierarchical structure composed of multiple bounding volumes. During collision detection, starting from the root node, the bounding volumes of two BVHs are compared layer by layer until it is determined that no collision occurs;

[0130] A34: Space segmentation algorithm divides the space into multiple subspaces, each of which contains multiple objects. During collision detection, it determines whether a collision occurs by traversing these subspaces and comparing the objects in them.

[0131] As described above, the present invention comprehensively and accurately verifies the constructed three-dimensional bridge model by adopting multiple verification methods such as axis-aligned bounding box collision detection, bounding sphere collision detection, hierarchical bounding volume collision detection and space segmentation algorithm. These methods not only effectively improve the accuracy and completeness of the model, but also can timely discover and correct errors and unreasonable aspects in the model, thereby ensuring the reliability and practicality of the BIM model in the process of bridge design, construction and maintenance.

[0132] Preferably, the data analysis and early warning module processes and analyzes the collected data, identifies potential problems and risks of the bridge, and automatically triggers the early warning mechanism when the bridge status reaches the preset early warning threshold, reminding the management personnel to take corresponding measures, including the following steps:

[0133] S31: Obtain bridge data from the data acquisition and integration module, the GIS spatial information management module, and the BIM model construction and management module, and further process the data to improve the data quality;

[0134] S32: Use statistical methods and machine learning algorithms to conduct in-depth analysis of the processed data to extract key characteristics of the beam state, including deformation rate, stress level and vibration mode;

[0135] S33: Based on the extracted features, a bridge health monitoring model is established using machine learning and deep learning technologies, and the established bridge health monitoring model is used to predict the state changes of the bridge in the future;

[0136] S34: According to the prediction results of the bridge health monitoring model, a reasonable warning threshold is set. When the bridge status reaches or exceeds the warning threshold, the warning mechanism is triggered and warning information is sent to the management personnel.

[0137] As described above, the present invention uses a combination of data processing, statistical analysis, machine learning and deep learning technologies to extract key features of bridge status from multi-source data, construct an accurate bridge health monitoring model, and predict the future status of the bridge. By setting a reasonable warning threshold, when the bridge status reaches or exceeds the warning standard, the warning mechanism is automatically triggered to promptly remind managers to take corresponding measures, thereby effectively improving the intelligence level and response speed of bridge safety management.

[0138] Preferably, when the data analysis and early warning module uses machine learning and deep learning technologies to establish a bridge health monitoring model, the established bridge health monitoring model includes:

[0139] A41: Autoregressive model. The autoregressive model assumes that the current value is related to the previous n historical values. The principle formula of the autoregressive model is:

[0140] y t =φ1y t-1 +φ2y t-2 +……+φ n y t-n +∈ t ;

[0141] Among them, φ n is the autoregressive coefficient, ∈ t is the error term, y t-n is the nth historical value;

[0142] A42: Moving average model. The moving average model assumes that the current error is related to the previous m error terms. Its principle formula is:

[0143] yt =μ+∈ t +θ1∈ t-1 +θ2∈ t-2 +……+θ m ∈ t-m ;

[0144] Among them, μ is the mean, θ m is the moving average coefficient;

[0145] A43: Vibration monitoring model, its principle formula is:

[0146] [M]u¨+[C]u˙+[K]u=F(t);

[0147] Among them, M, C and K are the mass matrix, damping matrix and stiffness matrix respectively, u¨, u˙ and u are the acceleration, velocity and displacement vectors respectively, and F(t) is the external excitation.

[0148] As described above, the present invention fully utilizes historical data and current error information by constructing bridge health monitoring models such as autoregressive models, moving average models and vibration monitoring models, and combines the dynamic characteristics of the bridge to achieve comprehensive monitoring and prediction of the health status of the bridge. These models not only improve the accuracy and timeliness of bridge health assessment, but also provide a scientific basis for bridge safety warning and maintenance decisions, effectively improving the level of intelligent bridge management.

[0149] As a preferred method, the inspection plan and maintenance management module includes the following steps when formulating a scientific and reasonable inspection plan and maintenance strategy based on the actual situation of the bridge and the data analysis results:

[0150] S41: Develop a detailed inspection plan based on the actual conditions of the bridge and the results of data analysis;

[0151] S42: Use GIS spatial information management module to provide inspection personnel with optimal inspection route planning;

[0152] S43: Record the maintenance process and results to form a complete maintenance file. After the maintenance is completed, evaluate and record the maintenance results to form a complete maintenance file to provide a reference for subsequent bridge management.

[0153] As described above, the present invention scientifically formulates an inspection plan by comprehensively considering the actual conditions of the bridge and the results of data analysis, and optimizes the inspection route using GIS technology to ensure the efficient execution of the inspection work. At the same time, it records the maintenance process and results in detail to form a complete maintenance file, which provides valuable data support and decision-making basis for subsequent bridge management, and significantly improves the systematization and intelligence level of bridge maintenance management.

[0154] As a preferred option, the emergency response and processing module provides emergency response plans and processing procedures when an emergency occurs on a bridge, and uses GIS and BIM technology to quickly locate the accident site, assess the scope of the accident, dispatch emergency resources, and record the emergency processing process and results, providing a reference for subsequent emergency management and improvement, including the following steps:

[0155] S51: receiving emergency reports. When an emergency occurs on a bridge, this module first receives reports from monitoring equipment, inspection personnel, and the public.

[0156] S52: Start the emergency response plan, and automatically start the corresponding emergency response plan according to the received emergency report;

[0157] S53: Use GIS and BIM technology to quickly locate the accident site, use the GIS spatial information management module to provide geospatial data support to help determine the geographical location of the accident, and use the BIM model construction and management module to provide a three-dimensional model of the bridge to help understand the structural characteristics and potential risk points of the bridge;

[0158] S54: Assess the scope of the accident impact, and combine GIS and BIM technology to further assess the scope of the accident impact;

[0159] S55: dispatch emergency resources, automatically dispatch emergency resources according to the evaluation results;

[0160] S56: Implement on-site processing. After emergency resources arrive at the scene, guide the rescue team and repair personnel to perform operations according to the predetermined processing procedures;

[0161] S57: Recording and feedback, record key information during the entire emergency response and handling process.

[0162] As described above, the present invention realizes efficient emergency response and processing of bridge emergencies by integrating GIS and BIM technologies. From receiving reports to launching plans, to rapid positioning, impact assessment, resource dispatching, on-site processing and recording feedback, the whole chain management ensures the rapidity and accuracy of emergency response, effectively reduces accident losses, accumulates valuable emergency management experience, and provides solid data support for subsequent improvements.

[0163] See also Figure 2 The present invention provides an embodiment: a digital inspection and maintenance method for bridge groups based on GIS and BIM, comprising the following steps:

[0164] S61: Utilize the sensor network and related data collection equipment to comprehensively collect various data of the bridge;

[0165] S62: Use GIS technology to store, manage and display the geographical location information, surrounding environment information and transportation network of the bridge;

[0166] S63: Based on BIM technology, a three-dimensional model of the bridge is constructed to show the geometric shape, structural composition and material properties of the bridge in detail;

[0167] S64: The collected data is processed and analyzed in depth, and advanced algorithms and models are used to identify potential problems and risks of bridges;

[0168] S65: Develop scientific and reasonable inspection plans and maintenance strategies based on the actual conditions of the bridge and data analysis results.

[0169] As described above, the present invention integrates GIS and BIM technologies to achieve comprehensive collection, precise positioning and visual display of bridge group data, as well as potential problem identification and risk warning based on in-depth data analysis. On this basis, inspection plans and maintenance strategies are scientifically and rationally formulated, which significantly improves the efficiency and accuracy of digital inspection and maintenance of bridge groups, and provides a strong guarantee for the long-term safe operation of bridges.

[0170] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge scope of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A digital inspection and maintenance system for bridge groups based on GIS and BIM; characterized by: Included are: Data collection and integration module, which is used to collect various data of the bridge using the built sensor network and related data collection equipment, including structural health monitoring data, environmental data and traffic flow data; GIS spatial information management module, which is used to store, manage and display the geographical location information, surrounding environment information and transportation network of the bridge using GIS technology; BIM model building and management module, which is used to build a three-dimensional model of the bridge based on BIM technology, including the bridge's geometry, structural composition and material properties; The data analysis and early warning module is used to process and analyze the collected data, identify potential problems and risks of the bridge, and automatically trigger the early warning mechanism when the bridge status reaches the preset early warning threshold to remind managers to take corresponding measures; The inspection plan and maintenance management module is used to formulate scientific and reasonable inspection plans and maintenance strategies based on the actual conditions of the bridge and the results of data analysis, and provides inspection route planning, navigation and recording functions to support inspectors to complete inspection tasks efficiently; User authority and security management module, which is used to manage the system's user accounts, roles and permissions, ensuring that different users can only access information within their authority scope, and provides data encryption, backup and recovery functions to ensure the security and integrity of system data, while recording user operation logs for easy tracking and auditing; The emergency response and processing module is used to provide emergency response plans and processing procedures when an emergency occurs on a bridge. It also uses GIS and BIM technology to quickly locate the accident site, assess the scope of the accident, dispatch emergency resources, and record the emergency processing process and results to provide a reference for subsequent emergency management and improvement.

2. According to claim 1, a digital inspection and maintenance system for bridge groups based on GIS and BIM is characterized by: The data acquisition and integration modules include: A11: Sensor network, which consists of various types of sensors and is used to collect real-time data on the structural health status of the bridge, including stress sensors, displacement sensors, temperature sensors, and humidity sensors; A12: UAV inspection system, which is used to collect images of the appearance and details of bridges through UAV equipment equipped with high-definition cameras and sensors; A13: Manual inspection recording system, which records the location and degree of bridge damage through manual inspection; A14: Data integration and processing center, used to receive data from sensor networks, drone inspection systems, and manual inspection recording systems, and integrate and pre-process them to obtain a complete data set.

3. According to the GIS and BIM-based digital inspection and maintenance system for bridge groups according to claim 2, it is characterized by: The data integration and processing center receives data from the sensor network, drone inspection system, and manual inspection recording system, and performs preprocessing to obtain a complete data set. The integration and preprocessing methods used include: A21: Sensor data fusion algorithm, including weighted average method and Kalman filter method, among which the principle formula of weighted average method is: Among them, D fused is the fused data, D i is the data of the i-th sensor, w i is the weight of the ith sensor, and A22: Image recognition and processing technology, including edge detection, feature extraction and image segmentation to identify target objects and target features; A23: Data cleaning and integration algorithms are used to remove duplicate, erroneous and invalid data and merge data from different sources; A24: Standardization algorithm converts data from different sources and formats into a unified format and unit to ensure the consistency and accuracy of subsequent analysis, including data normalization and data scaling. The principle formula of data normalization is: Among them, X normalized is the normalized data, X is the original data, and X min and X max are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the data respectively; The principle formula of data scaling processing is: Among them, X scaled is the scaled data, X is the original data, μ is the mean of the data, and σ is the standard deviation of the data.

4. According to claim 3, a digital inspection and maintenance system for bridge groups based on GIS and BIM is characterized by: The GIS spatial information management module uses GIS technology to store, manage and display the geographical location information, surrounding environment information and transportation network of the bridge, including the following steps: S11: Data reception and processing, receiving the collected data from the data collection and integration module, and preprocessing the received data to ensure the integrity, accuracy and consistency of the data. The data preprocessing methods used include data cleaning, data conversion and data arrangement; S12: Data storage and management. According to the requirements of the GIS spatial information management module, a reasonable database structure is designed, and the pre-processed data is imported into the designed database to ensure the correct storage and efficient access of the data. At the same time, the data in the database is regularly updated and maintained to ensure the timeliness and accuracy of the data. S13: Use GIS software or tools to create electronic maps based on data in the database and provide a series of browsing functions; S14: Use the spatial analysis function of GIS to evaluate the mutual impact between the bridge and the surrounding environment, and display the results of the spatial analysis in a visual form so that users can intuitively understand the mutual impact between the bridge and the surrounding environment.

5. According to claim 4, a digital inspection and maintenance system for bridge groups based on GIS and BIM is characterized in that: The BIM model construction and management module includes the following steps when constructing a three-dimensional model of a bridge based on BIM technology: S21: Project initialization and planning, determine the objectives, scope and accuracy requirements of BIM model construction, and collect design drawings, technical specifications and material lists of the bridge; S22: According to the design drawings and technical specifications, gradually build each part of the bridge and integrate the bridge's geometry, structural composition, and material properties information into the model to create a three-dimensional model of the bridge; S23: Verify the constructed 3D model to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the model, optimize the model according to the verification results, and correct errors and unreasonable aspects; S24: Model management and update, providing model browsing function, allowing users to easily view the three-dimensional model of the bridge, and providing model editing function, allowing users to modify and update the model. At the same time, a model version control mechanism is established to ensure that the model is updated and modified in an orderly manner.

6. According to claim 5, a digital inspection and maintenance system for bridge groups based on GIS and BIM is characterized in that: The BIM model construction module verifies the constructed 3D model to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the model, optimizes the model according to the verification results, and corrects errors and unreasonableness. The verification methods used include: A31: Axis-aligned bounding box collision detection, which represents the object as an axis-aligned rectangular box and implements collision detection by comparing the minimum and maximum values ​​of two axis-aligned rectangular boxes on each axis; A32: Bounding sphere collision detection, the object is represented as a sphere, the position of the sphere center and the radius are two key parameters of the sphere. During collision detection, the distance between the two spheres is calculated, and it is determined whether the distance is less than the sum of the radii of the two spheres; A33: Hierarchical bounding volume collision detection, which represents an object as a hierarchical structure composed of multiple bounding volumes. During collision detection, starting from the root node, the bounding volumes of two BVHs are compared layer by layer until it is determined that no collision occurs; A34: Space segmentation algorithm divides the space into multiple subspaces, each of which contains multiple objects. During collision detection, it determines whether a collision occurs by traversing these subspaces and comparing the objects in them.

7. The digital inspection and maintenance system for bridge groups based on GIS and BIM according to claim 6 is characterized by: The data analysis and early warning module processes and analyzes the collected data, identifies potential problems and risks of the bridge, and automatically triggers the early warning mechanism when the bridge status reaches the preset early warning threshold, reminding managers to take corresponding measures. The following steps are included: S31: Obtain bridge data from the data acquisition and integration module, the GIS spatial information management module, and the BIM model construction and management module, and further process the data to improve the data quality; S32: Use statistical methods and machine learning algorithms to conduct in-depth analysis of the processed data to extract key characteristics of the beam state, including deformation rate, stress level and vibration mode; S33: Based on the extracted features, a bridge health monitoring model is established using machine learning and deep learning technologies, and the established bridge health monitoring model is used to predict the state changes of the bridge in the future; S34: According to the prediction results of the bridge health monitoring model, a reasonable warning threshold is set. When the bridge status reaches or exceeds the warning threshold, the warning mechanism is triggered and warning information is sent to the management personnel.

8. The digital inspection and maintenance system for bridge groups based on GIS and BIM according to claim 7 is characterized by: When the data analysis and early warning module uses machine learning and deep learning technologies to establish a bridge health monitoring model, the established bridge health monitoring model includes: A41: Autoregressive model. The autoregressive model assumes that the current value is related to the previous n historical values. The principle formula of the autoregressive model is: y t =φ1y t-1 +φ2y t-2 +……+φ n y t-n +∈ t ; Among them, φ n is the autoregressive coefficient, ∈ t is the error term, y t-n is the nth historical value; A42: Moving average model. The moving average model assumes that the current error is related to the previous m error terms. Its principle formula is: y t =μ+∈ t +θ1∈ t-1 +θ2∈ t-2 +……+θ m ∈ t-m ; Among them, μ is the mean, θ m is the moving average coefficient; A43: Vibration monitoring model, its principle formula is: [M]u¨+[C]u˙+[K]u=F(t); Among them, M, C and K are the mass matrix, damping matrix and stiffness matrix respectively, u¨, u˙ and u are the acceleration, velocity and displacement vectors respectively, and F(t) is the external excitation.

9. The digital inspection and maintenance system for bridge groups based on GIS and BIM according to claim 8 is characterized by: The inspection plan and maintenance management module includes the following steps when formulating a scientific and reasonable inspection plan and maintenance strategy based on the actual situation of the bridge and the results of data analysis: S41: Develop a detailed inspection plan based on the actual conditions of the bridge and the results of data analysis; S42: Use GIS spatial information management module to provide optimal inspection route planning for inspection personnel; S43: Record the maintenance process and results to form a complete maintenance file. After the maintenance is completed, evaluate and record the maintenance results to form a complete maintenance file to provide a reference for subsequent bridge management.

10. A digital inspection and maintenance method for bridge groups based on GIS and BIM, characterized by: The following steps are included: S61: Utilize the sensor network and related data collection equipment to comprehensively collect various data of the bridge; S62: Use GIS technology to store, manage and display the geographical location information, surrounding environment information and transportation network of the bridge; S63: Based on BIM technology, a three-dimensional model of the bridge is constructed to show the geometric shape, structural composition and material properties of the bridge in detail; S64: The collected data is processed and analyzed in depth, and advanced algorithms and models are used to identify potential problems and risks of bridges; S65: Develop scientific and reasonable inspection plans and maintenance strategies based on the actual conditions of the bridge and data analysis results.

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