Gastrodia elata planting method capable of preventing diseases and insect pests

Abstract

The invention provides a gastrodia elata planting method capable of preventing diseases and insect pests, and belongs to the technical field of gastrodia elata planting. According to the method, plots which are high in terrain, loose in soil and good in air permeability are selected to be provided with furrows, intervals are arranged between the furrows, and spreading of germs and insect pests is avoided; according to the method, gastrodia elata is taken as a raw material, then a substrate and leaves with a bactericidal effect are laid in sequence, an antibacterial insecticide is sprayed, at the moment, germs and pests in the gastrodia elata growth process are mainly prevented and controlled, and a chemical insecticidal bactericide is utilized to play a role in preventing and controlling harmful germs and pests before gastrodia elata planting. The substrate contains antibacterial and insecticidal traditional Chinese medicine liquid and wood chips, and the wood chips can adsorb the traditional Chinese medicine liquid and have slow-release and long-acting sterilization effects, so that the effect of preventing diseases and insect pests in the gastrodia elata planting process is improved, and the yield of the gastrodia elata is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of gastrodia elata planting, and in particular to a disease and insect pest-resistant gastrodia elata planting method. Background Art

[0002] Gastrodia elata is a perennial parasitic herb of the Orchidaceae family. It has no roots and green leaves, and cannot carry out photosynthesis to produce nutrients. Instead, it coexists with Armillaria melleaf, which decomposes cellulose and lignin in wood to provide the nutrients it needs for growth. Gastrodia elata relies on lysozyme (a type of proteolytic enzyme) in its body to dissolve and absorb the "silk" of Armillaria melleaf as nutrients. It is a typical heterotrophic type of special plant.

[0003] At present, the number of wild Gastrodia elata is becoming increasingly scarce. In order to meet the demand for medicinal purposes, it is necessary to improve the under-forest imitation wild Gastrodia elata planting technology and optimize the Gastrodia elata planting system.

[0004] However, in the actual process of planting Gastrodia elata, it is impossible to effectively prevent the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, which affects the normal growth of Gastrodia elata. In addition, the existing technology uses pesticides to directly prevent and control diseases and insect pests, and the resulting Gastrodia elata has high pesticide residues.

[0005] Diseases of Gastrodia elata include black rot and rot that harm Gastrodia elata tubers, sunscald and black stem disease that harm Gastrodia elata stems, and infection by miscellaneous fungi that harm mushroom sticks; insect pests include white grubs, springtails, mole crickets that harm Gastrodia elata tubers, and aphids that harm stems. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention provides a disease- and insect-resistant Gastrodia elata planting method, which adopts a combination of multiple prevention and control methods to protect the Gastrodia elata planting process, can effectively prevent and control diseases and insect pests, improve the planting environment of Gastrodia elata, and increase the yield and quality of Gastrodia elata.

[0007] The pest-resistant Gastrodia elata planting method of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0008] (1) Select a plot with high terrain, loose soil and good air permeability, plow 50 cm deep, and set up ridges with a length of 2 m, a width of 1 m, and a depth of 12 to 18 cm. The interval between ridges is 20 to 30 cm, and 4 to 5 cm of sand is evenly spread in the set ridges, and then plow 10 to 20 cm;

[0009] (2) After plowing, evenly lay 0.5-1.5 cm of soil, 4-5 cm of substrate, and 2-3 cm of leaves in the ridge, and then spray antibacterial and insecticide;

[0010] (3) Place the honey fungus materials with a spacing of 8 to 10 cm between them, place the germination fungus mixed with Gastrodia elata seeds next to the honey fungus materials, and cover them with 4 to 5 cm of sand and 2 to 3 cm of leaves.

[0011] Preferably, the matrix in step (2) is a mixture of crushed leaves, wood chips, and antibacterial and insecticidal Chinese medicine liquid in a mass ratio of 2-3:1-2:0.5-1:0.5-0.7.

[0012] Preferably, the preparation method of the antibacterial and insecticidal Chinese medicine liquid is to mix wormwood, rhubarb, coptis root, sophora flavescens, bitter lotus, ginkgo, tangerine peel, and chrysanthemum in equal weight proportions, add 4 to 5 times the weight of water, boil and filter, and obtain the antibacterial and insecticidal Chinese medicine liquid.

[0013] Preferably, the antibacterial pesticide described in step (2) is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0014] 1-2 parts of trichlorfon, 1-2 parts of carbendazim, 0.5-1 parts of itaconic acid, 1-2 parts of hexaconazole, 0.25-0.5 parts of deltamethrin, 500-700 parts of water;

[0015] The dosage of the antibacterial insecticide is 30 to 40 L per mu.

[0016] Preferably, the method for culturing the honey fungus material comprises the following steps:

[0017] A. Select a tree stump covered with honey fungus as the fungus species, select chestnut branches with a diameter of less than 10 cm and a length of 5 to 10 cm, dry them in the sun for 8 to 9 days, and remove 40 to 50% of the moisture to make fungus branches;

[0018] B. Dig a cellar 2m long, 1m wide and 30cm deep on a sunny slope under the forest with a slope of 25-50°, a light transmittance of 50-70% and a soil pH of 5-6. Loosen the soil by 2-3cm, then spread 2-3cm of leaves and 1-10cm of mushroom branches. Use 6-8kg of wild honey fungus wood blocks for every 100kg of branches; evenly place honey fungus species on both sides and sections of the mushroom branches, fill the intervals with sand and soil, and cover with 3-5cm of leaves to keep them moist.

[0019] Preferably, the germination bacteria in step (3) are spaced 10 to 15 cm apart.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The invention provides a pest-proof gastrodia planting method, wherein a plot with high terrain, loose soil and good air permeability is selected to set a furrow, and intervals are set between furrows to avoid the spread of pathogens and pests; then a substrate and leaves with a bactericidal effect are laid in sequence, and antibacterial insecticides are sprayed, at which time pathogens and pests in the growth process of gastrodia are mainly prevented and controlled, and chemical insecticides and fungicides are used to prevent and control harmful pathogens and pests before gastrodia planting. The substrate contains antibacterial and insecticidal Chinese medicine liquid and sawdust, and the sawdust can absorb the Chinese medicine liquid, has a slow-release and long-acting bactericidal effect, improves the efficacy of preventing pests and diseases in the gastrodia planting process, and increases the yield of gastrodia. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0023] Example 1

[0024] A method for planting Gastrodia elata to prevent diseases and insect pests, comprising the following steps:

[0025] Step 1: Cultivation of honey fungus:

[0026] A. Select a tree stump covered with honey fungus as the fungus species, select chestnut branches with a diameter of less than 10 cm and a length of 5 to 10 cm, dry them in the sun for 8 to 9 days, and remove 40 to 50% of the moisture to make fungus branches;

[0027] B. Dig a cellar 2m long, 1m wide and 30cm deep on a sunny slope under the forest with a slope of 25-50°, a light transmittance of 50-70% and a soil pH of 5-6. Loosen the soil by 2-3cm, then spread 2-3cm of leaves and 1-10cm of mushroom branches. Use 6kg of wild honey fungus wood blocks for every 100kg of branches. Evenly place honey fungus species on both sides and sections of the mushroom branches, fill the intervals with sand and soil, and cover with 3-5cm of leaves to keep them moist.

[0028] Step 2: Planting Gastrodia elata:

[0029] (1) Select a plot with high terrain, loose soil and good air permeability, plow 50 cm deep, and set up ridges with a length of 2 m, a width of 1 m, and a depth of 12 to 18 cm. The interval between ridges is 20 to 30 cm, and 4 to 5 cm of sand is evenly spread in the set ridges, and then plow 10 to 20 cm;

[0030] (2) Sand, crushed leaves, sawdust, and antibacterial and insecticidal Chinese medicine liquid were mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1:0.5:0.5 to obtain a matrix, and then 1 part of trichlorfon, 2 parts of carbendazim, 0.5 parts of itaconic acid, 2 parts of hexaconazole, 0.35 parts of cypermethrin, and 600 parts of water were mixed to obtain an antibacterial and insecticidal agent, and 4-5 cm of the matrix and 2-3 cm of leaves were evenly spread in the ploughed furrows, and then 35 L of the antibacterial and insecticidal agent was sprayed per mu;

[0031] The preparation method of the antibacterial and insecticidal Chinese medicine liquid is as follows: mixing wormwood leaf, rhubarb, coptis root, sophora flavescens, bitter lotus, ginkgo, tangerine peel and chrysanthemum in equal weight proportions, adding 4 to 5 times the weight of water, boiling and filtering to obtain the antibacterial and insecticidal Chinese medicine liquid;

[0032] (3) Place the honey fungus materials with a spacing of 8 to 10 cm between them, place the germination fungi mixed with Gastrodia elata seeds next to the honey fungus materials with a spacing of 10 to 15 cm between them, and cover them with 4 to 5 cm of sand and 2 to 3 cm of leaves.

[0033] Comparative Example 1

[0034] A method for planting Gastrodia elata, the steps are the same as those in Example 1, except that the substrate in step (2) of Comparative Example 1 does not contain antibacterial and insecticidal Chinese medicine liquid.

[0035] Comparative Example 2

[0036] A method for planting Gastrodia elata, the steps are the same as those in Example 1, except that the substrate in step (3) of Comparative Example 3 does not contain sawdust.

[0037] The subsequent management of Gastrodia elata was managed by the same conventional method, and then harvested during the growth stage, and the average per-acre yield and product grade were calculated. The pesticide residue in Example 1 was used as a benchmark to calculate the pesticide residue in the comparative example (+ indicates that the residue is higher than that in Example 1, and - indicates that the residue is lower than that in Example 1), as shown in Table 1:

[0038] Table 1

[0039] Average yield per mu (kg) First-class product (%) Pesticide residues Example 1 22.4 97 0 Comparative Example 1 17.2 90 -0.2 Comparative Example 2 17.1 82 -0.1

[0040] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for planting Gastrodia elata to prevent diseases and insect pests, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Select a plot with high terrain, loose soil and good air permeability, plow 50 cm deep, and set up ridges with a length of 2 m, a width of 1 m, and a depth of 12 to 18 cm. The interval between ridges is 20 to 30 cm, and 4 to 5 cm of sand is evenly spread in the set ridges, and then plow 10 to 20 cm; (2) After plowing, evenly lay 0.5-1.5 cm of soil, 4-5 cm of substrate, and 2-3 cm of leaves in the ridge, and then spray antibacterial and insecticide; (3) Place the honey fungus materials with a spacing of 8 to 10 cm between them, place the germination fungus mixed with Gastrodia elata seeds next to the honey fungus materials, and cover them with 4 to 5 cm of sand and 2 to 3 cm of leaves.

2. The method for planting Gastrodia elata to prevent diseases and insect pests according to claim 1, characterized in that: The matrix described in step (2) is a mixture of crushed leaves, wood chips, and antibacterial and insecticidal Chinese medicine liquid in a mass ratio of 2-3:1-2:0.5-1:0.5-0.

7.

3. The method for planting Gastrodia elata to prevent diseases and insect pests according to claim 2, characterized in that: The preparation method of the antibacterial and insecticidal Chinese medicine liquid comprises the following steps: mixing wormwood leaf, rhubarb, coptis root, sophora flavescens, bitter lotus, ginkgo, tangerine peel and chrysanthemum in equal weight proportions, adding 4 to 5 times the weight of water, boiling and filtering to obtain the antibacterial and insecticidal Chinese medicine liquid.

4. The method for planting Gastrodia elata to prevent diseases and insect pests according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antibacterial insecticide described in step (2) is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-2 parts of trichlorfon, 1-2 parts of carbendazim, 0.5-1 parts of itaconic acid, 1-2 parts of hexaconazole, 0.25-0.5 parts of deltamethrin, 500-700 parts of water; The dosage of the antibacterial insecticide is 30 to 40 L per mu.

5. The method for planting Gastrodia elata to prevent diseases and insect pests according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for culturing honey fungus material comprises the following steps: A. Select a tree stump covered with honey fungus as the fungus species, select chestnut branches with a diameter of less than 10 cm and a length of 5 to 10 cm, dry them in the sun for 8 to 9 days, and remove 40 to 50% of the moisture to make fungus branches; B. Dig a cellar 2m long, 1m wide and 30cm deep on a sunny slope under the forest with a slope of 25-50°, a light transmittance of 50-70% and a soil pH of 5-6. Loosen the soil by 2-3cm, then spread 2-3cm of leaves and 1-10cm of mushroom branches. Use 6-8kg of wild honey fungus wood blocks for every 100kg of branches; evenly place honey fungus species on both sides and sections of the mushroom branches, fill the intervals with sand and soil, and cover with 3-5cm of leaves to keep them moist.

6. The method for planting Gastrodia elata to prevent diseases and insect pests according to claim 1, characterized in that: The germination bacteria described in step (3) are spaced 10 to 15 cm apart.