Efficient precise electrolysis-turning combined machining device and method

Abstract

The efficient and precise electrolysis-turning combined machining device comprises a machine tool body, a main shaft rotating device and a combined turning tool electrode, the main shaft rotating device is used for clamping a workpiece, and the combined turning tool electrode comprises a tool body, a blade and an electrolyte jet flow channel; the axis of the electrolyte jet flow channel is located over the tool nose of the blade and used for jetting out electrolyte, an electrolyte conveying channel communicated with the electrolyte jet flow channel is arranged in the tool body, the composite turning tool electrode is connected with the machine tool body through the tool shaft, and the electrolyte conveying channel is arranged in the tool shaft. Positive and negative voltages are applied to the spindle rotating device and the composite turning tool electrode respectively, and the machine tool body is used for adjusting the relative position between the composite turning tool electrode and a workpiece. The tool electrode with the diamond blade combined with the circular jet flow channel is adopted, when a workpiece rotates at a high speed, mechanical turning machining and electrolytic machining can be conducted at the same time, and the electrolysis-turning combined machining technology is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to electrolytic mechanical composite machining, and in particular to a high-efficiency precision electrolytic-turning composite machining device and method. Background Art

[0002] Titanium alloy has become an important material for manned cabins in deep-sea submersibles due to its advantages of high strength, low density and good corrosion resistance. In recent years, with the increase in the diving depth requirements of submersibles, in order to ensure the safety of internal scientific researchers and electronic equipment, 1000 and 1200MPa grade titanium alloys have been developed, further improving the operating range of submersibles, but at the same time, higher requirements are also put forward for processing technology. Titanium alloy is a typical difficult-to-cut material. When it is processed by traditional turning with a large amount of material, large cutting force and high cutting heat will be generated, which can easily lead to serious tool wear, increase processing costs and extend processing cycles. For difficult-to-cut materials such as titanium alloys, electrospark machining and chemical milling are two effective special processing methods, but both methods have certain shortcomings. Electrospark machining will form a recast layer on the surface of the workpiece, affecting the processing quality, and the corrosive solution used in chemical milling will cause damage to the environment.

[0003] Electrolytic machining is a special machining technology that utilizes anodic dissolution on the workpiece surface to remove material. Since the tool electrode does not contact the workpiece surface, there is no cutting force or tool wear, the machining efficiency is high, there is no recast layer or microcracks on the machined surface, and the surface quality is good. In addition, the electrolyte is a neutral salt solution, which is more environmentally friendly. Therefore, electrolytic machining technology is an important technology for the efficient removal and forming of difficult-to-machine materials such as titanium alloys. In the prior art, Chinese patent application with application number 200810023230.4 proposes a CNC electrolytic mechanical composite machining machine tool, which can process complex cavities and surfaces of workpieces by controlling the relative movement of the composite cathode and the workpiece anode, and realize processes such as drilling, milling, cutting, grinding and polishing, but the electrolytic machining accuracy is insufficient; for example, Chinese patent application with application number 201320233625.3 proposes a slender shaft electrolytic machining machine tool, which can realize electrolytic machining of slender shafts by controlling the movement trajectory of the tool cathode. In this scheme, the connection part between the cathode and the working tank has not been protected, which may easily cause the electrolyte to flow out of the machining area along the tool rod and corrode the machining equipment.

[0004] At present, the existing machine tool structures are unable to realize the electrolysis-turning composite machining function. There has been no effective report on the tool electrode structure, working area sealing, high current power supply mechanism and electrolysis-turning composite machining method for electrolysis-turning composite machining, which limits the application of electrolysis-turning composite machining technology on rotating parts made of difficult-to-cut materials. Summary of the invention

[0005] Purpose of the invention: In view of the above problems, the present invention provides an electrolysis-turning composite machining device for realizing efficient and precise machining of difficult-to-machine materials.

[0006] The present invention also provides a processing method of the electrolysis-turning composite processing device.

[0007] Technical solution: To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts a high-efficiency and precision electrolysis-turning composite processing device, including a machine tool body, a spindle rotating device and a composite turning tool electrode are arranged on the machine tool body, the spindle rotating device is used to clamp the workpiece and drive the workpiece to rotate, the composite turning tool electrode includes a tool body, a blade arranged on the tool body and an electrolyte jet channel, the electrolyte jet channel is used to eject electrolyte, the axis of the electrolyte jet channel is located directly above the tip of the blade, an electrolyte transport channel connected to the electrolyte jet channel is arranged in the tool body, the composite turning tool electrode is connected to the machine tool body through a tool shaft, an electrolyte transport channel is arranged in the tool shaft and is connected to the electrolyte transport channel of the tool body, and an electrolyte supply device supplies liquid to the electrolyte transport channel in the tool shaft; positive and negative voltages are applied to the spindle rotating device and the composite turning tool electrode respectively, and the machine tool body drives the spindle rotating device and the composite turning tool electrode to move relative to three axes, which is used to adjust the relative position between the composite turning tool electrode and the workpiece to realize processing.

[0008] Furthermore, the distance from the end face of the electrolyte jet channel to the tip of the blade is d, and the tip of the blade is closer to the workpiece than the end face of the electrolyte jet channel.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes a working groove, which includes a groove body, a rectangular hole is arranged on the first side of the groove body, a circular hole is arranged on the second side of the groove body, and the first side and the second side are perpendicular to each other, a rectangular slider is arranged in the rectangular hole, the upper and lower sides of the rectangular slider are in contact with the rectangular hole, and the rectangular slider moves left and right along the length direction of the rectangular hole, and a foldable louver is arranged between the left and right ends of the rectangular slider and the left and right ends of the rectangular hole, a circular window is arranged on the rectangular slider, the tool shaft extends from the circular window to place the composite turning tool electrode in the working groove, the spindle rotation device extends the workpiece through the circular hole and places it in the working groove, and the composite turning tool electrode processes the workpiece in the working groove.

[0010] Furthermore, an annular air nozzle is provided on the inner end surface of the rectangular slider along the edge of the circular window. The annular air nozzle is sleeved on the outer side of the tool shaft and sprays air toward the tool shaft to form a gas barrier.

[0011] Furthermore, a liquid outlet is provided at the bottom of the tank body, and the liquid outlet is used to discharge the electrolyte. The working tank also includes a tank cover arranged above the tank body.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes an electrolyte circulation system device, which includes a turbid liquid tank, a liquid return pump, a filter, a clear liquid tank, and a liquid outlet pump connected to the liquid outlet hole at the bottom of the tank body through a liquid inlet pipe, the turbid liquid tank, the liquid return pump, the filter, the clear liquid tank, and the liquid outlet pump are connected in sequence through pipelines, the tool shaft is provided with a liquid inlet connected to the internal electrolyte transport channel, and the liquid outlet pump is connected to the liquid inlet through the liquid outlet pipe.

[0013] Furthermore, the spindle rotation device includes an external baffle and a support frame arranged at both ends of the external baffle. The rotating spindle is arranged in the support frame through a bearing. One end of the rotating spindle passes through a circular hole and is fixedly connected to a three-jaw chuck, which is used to clamp the workpiece. A spindle synchronous pulley is fixedly arranged at the other end of the rotating spindle. The spindle synchronous pulley is connected to the motor synchronous pulley through a synchronous belt, and the motor synchronous pulley is driven by the spindle motor.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes a power supply device. The power supply device includes a power supply and a positive electrode connecting device connected to the positive electrode of the power supply. The positive electrode connecting device includes an arc-shaped power-drawing copper block arranged on the outside of the rotating spindle and a supporting copper block connected to the arc-shaped power-drawing copper block through a spring. Two arc-shaped power-drawing copper blocks are symmetrically arranged on the outside of the rotating spindle, and the supporting copper blocks connected to the two arc-shaped power-drawing copper blocks are fixedly connected to each other. A guide column is fixedly arranged on the outer end surface of the arc-shaped power-drawing copper block. The supporting copper block is provided with a guide hole for the guide column to pass through and an external baffle is provided with a supporting hole for the guide column to pass through. The guide column is fixed by the external baffle and passes through the supporting hole to be connected to the positive electrode of the power supply. The guide column slides in the guide hole, and the inner end surface of the arc-shaped power-drawing copper block contacts the rotating spindle; the negative electrode of the power supply is connected to the composite turning tool electrode.

[0015] Furthermore, the machine tool body includes a bed, on which a Z-axis pillar extending along the Z-axis and a Y-guide rail extending along the Y-axis are arranged, a Z-axis slider moving along the Z-axis pillar is arranged on the Z-axis pillar, the Z-axis slider is fixedly connected to the tool axis through a Z-axis support arm, and the negative pole of the power supply is connected to the Z-axis support arm; a Y-axis motion platform moving along the Y-guide rail is arranged on the Y-guide rail, an X-axis guide rail extending along the X-axis is arranged on the Y-axis motion platform, an X-axis motion platform moving along the X-guide rail is arranged on the X-guide rail, the spindle rotation device is arranged on the X-axis motion platform, and the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis are the three axes of the spatial rectangular coordinate system.

[0016] The present invention also adopts a high-efficiency precision electrolysis-turning composite machining method, comprising the following steps:

[0017] Step 1: Adjust the relative position between the electrode of the composite turning tool and the workpiece through the machine tool body so that the tip of the blade is flush with the axis of the workpiece and the tip of the blade does not contact the surface of the workpiece;

[0018] Step 2: Perform rough machining: apply positive and negative voltages to the spindle rotating device and the composite turning tool electrode respectively, the applied potential is greater than the breaking potential of the passivation film on the workpiece surface, the electrolyte jet channel of the composite turning tool electrode ejects electrolyte to perform electrolytic machining under high current density to remove large excess, and the machine tool body controls the axial feed of the workpiece for rough machining;

[0019] Step 3: Perform finishing: adjust the relative position between the composite turning tool electrode and the workpiece through the machine tool body so that the tip of the blade contacts the surface of the workpiece, apply positive and negative voltages to the spindle rotating device and the composite turning tool electrode respectively, the applied potential is less than the breaking potential of the passivation film on the surface of the workpiece, the electrolyte jet channel of the composite turning tool electrode ejects electrolyte to perform electrolytic machining on the workpiece under a small current density, which only plays the role of softening the surface material of the workpiece, the blade performs mechanical turning, and the machine tool body controls the axial feed finishing of the workpiece;

[0020] Step 4: Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the required machining allowance of the workpiece is completely removed.

[0021] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the significant advantage of the present invention is that it uses a tool electrode that is provided with a diamond blade combined with a circular jet channel. When the workpiece rotates at high speed, mechanical turning and electrolytic processing can be performed simultaneously, realizing an electrolytic-turning composite processing process. The annular jet sealing structure is adopted, and the tool movement axis can be protected by jet during the processing, which inhibits the electrolyte from flowing out of the circular window along the tool axis, protects the non-processing area of ​​the X and Y motion platforms from corrosion, and extends the service life of the equipment. The double-arc copper block spring-compression anode lead structure can greatly increase the conductive area between the lead block and the rotating spindle, ensure good conductivity of the equipment under high current processing, reduce the risk of local overheating, and improve the stability and reliability of the equipment. A high-efficiency and precision machining method of electrolytic-turning composite that combines high-current density rough machining with low-current density finishing is proposed. Under a single machining allowance, high-current density rough machining mainly removes workpiece material by electrolytic machining with a large allowance, and low-current density finishing mainly refines the workpiece contour by mechanical turning with a small allowance. The two machining methods are performed interactively under multiple machining allowances, which can remove the genetic errors caused by electrolytic machining under high current density, ensure the stability of electrolytic machining parameter selection in each rough machining stage, and achieve efficient and precise machining of the workpiece. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the electrolysis-turning composite processing device in the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 It is a top view of the electrolysis-turning composite machining device in the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of the structure at point I in the middle.

[0025] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the Y-axis motion platform in the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the X-axis motion platform in the present invention.

[0027] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the working tank in the present invention.

[0028] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the main shaft rotating device in the present invention.

[0029] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the composite turning tool electrode in the present invention.

[0030] Fig. 9 It is a cross-sectional view of the electrolyte jet channel when looking down at the composite turning tool electrode in the present invention.

[0031] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the initial tool setting of the electrolysis-turning composite machining method in the present invention.

[0032] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of a workpiece after a rough machining in the present invention.

[0033] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of a single finishing process of the electrolysis-turning composite machining method of the present invention.

[0034] Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of the final forming of the workpiece in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] Depend on Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, a high-efficiency and precision electrolysis-turning composite processing device includes a machine tool body 100, to which a spindle rotation device 200, a composite turning tool electrode 300 and a working tank 600 are connected, wherein the machine tool body 100 and the working tank 600 are connected with an electrolyte circulation system device 400, and the machine tool body 100 and the spindle rotation device 200 are connected with a power supply device 500.

[0036] The machine tool body 100 includes a bed 101, on which a Z-axis support 111 and two Y-axis guide rails 102 are provided. On one hand, a Z-axis motion lead screw 113 and a Z-axis servo motor 112 are provided on the Z-axis support. A Z-axis slider 114 is connected to the Z-axis motion lead screw 113. The Z-axis servo motor 112 controls the rotation of the Z-axis motion lead screw 113 and drives the Z-axis slider 114 to move in the Z direction. A Z-axis support arm 115 is provided on the Z-axis slider 114. Figure 3 As shown, the tool shaft 117 of the Z-axis support arm 115 is connected to the composite turning tool electrode 300, an electrolyte transport channel is arranged in the tool shaft 117 and communicates with the electrolyte transport channel of the tool body 301, the tool shaft 117 is provided with a liquid inlet 116 and communicates with the electrolyte transport channel in the tool shaft 117, and the liquid inlet 116 of the Z-axis support arm 115 is connected to the electrolyte circulation system device 400. On the other hand, a Y-axis motion platform 103 is arranged on the Y-axis guide rail 102, as shown in FIG. Figure 4 As shown, a Y-direction motion screw 104 and a Y-direction servo motor 105 are provided at the bottom of the Y-direction motion platform 103. The Y-direction servo motor 105 controls the rotation of the Y-direction motion screw 104 to drive the Y-direction motion platform 103 to move in the Y direction. At the same time, two X-direction guide rails 106 are provided on the Y-direction motion platform 103, and an X-direction motion platform 107 is provided on the X-direction guide rails 106. Figure 5 As shown, an X-axis motion screw 109 and an X-axis servo motor 108 are provided at the bottom of the X-axis motion platform 107. The X-axis servo motor 108 controls the rotation of the X-axis motion screw 109 and thereby drives the X-axis motion platform 107 to move in the X-axis. A marble platform 110 is connected to the upper end of the X-axis motion platform 107. The marble platform 110 serves as an anti-corrosion and anti-electrical barrier for the lower motion platform. A working slot 600 and a spindle rotating device 200 are connected above the X-axis motion platform 107.

[0037] The electrolyte circulation system device 400 includes a turbid liquid tank 401, which is connected to a return liquid pump 402 through a liquid inlet pipe, and the return liquid pump 402 is connected to a filter 403 through a liquid inlet pipe. The filter 403 is connected to one end of a clear liquid tank 404 through a liquid inlet pipe, and the other end of the clear liquid tank 404 is connected to a liquid outlet pump 405 through a liquid outlet pipe. The liquid outlet pump 405 is connected to a liquid inlet 116 through a liquid outlet pipe, so as to continuously supply liquid to the composite turning tool electrode 300.

[0038] like Figure 6As shown, the working slot 600 includes a slot body 601. On one hand, a rectangular hole 603 is opened on the end face of the slot body 601 facing the Z-axis support 111, and a rectangular slider 605 is arranged in the rectangular hole 603. The tool shaft 117 of the Z-axis support arm 115 is matched in the circular window 606 of the rectangular slider 605. The left and right ends of the rectangular slider 605 are connected with louver cloths 604, and the inner end face of the rectangular slider 605 is provided with an annular air nozzle 607 along the edge of the circular window 606. The annular air nozzle 607 can realize jet protection for the tool shaft 117 by connecting to an external air source, forming a gas barrier, inhibiting the electrolyte from flowing out of the circular window 606 along the tool shaft 117, protecting the non-processing areas such as the X and Y motion platforms from corrosion, and extending the service life of the equipment. On the other hand, a circular hole 608 is opened on the end face of the slot body 601 facing the spindle rotating device 200, and the rotating spindle 203 of the spindle rotating device 200 is matched in the circular hole 608. On the other hand, a liquid outlet 609 is provided at the bottom of the tank body 601, and the liquid outlet 609 is connected to the turbid liquid tank 401 of the electrolyte circulation system device 400 through a return pipe. In addition, a tank cover 602 is provided above the tank body 601 to prevent the electrolyte from splashing outward during processing.

[0039] like Figure 7 As shown, the spindle rotating device 200 includes a pair of support frames 201, each of which is provided with a bearing 202, and the bearing 202 is fixed by a cap 209 and a baffle 210, and a rotating spindle 203 is matched in the pair of bearings 202, one end of the rotating spindle 203 is inserted into the circular hole 608 of the working groove 600, and is connected to the three-jaw chuck 208, the three-jaw chuck 208 clamps the workpiece 700, and the other end of the rotating spindle 203 is connected to the spindle synchronous pulley 204, the spindle synchronous pulley 204 is matched with a synchronous belt 205, and the other end of the synchronous belt 205 is matched with a motor synchronous pulley 206, and the motor synchronous pulley 206 is connected to the spindle motor 207, and the spindle motor 207 can drive the rotating spindle 203 to rotate by controlling the belt transmission between the motor synchronous pulley 206, the synchronous belt 205, and the spindle synchronous pulley 204. In addition, the middle area of ​​the rotating spindle 203 is connected to a power supply device 500.

[0040] The power supply device 500 includes a power supply 501. On the one hand, the positive electrode of the power supply 501 is connected to an arc-shaped copper block 502 through a wire. The outer end surface of the arc-shaped copper block 502 is connected to a support copper block 503 through a spring 506. A guide column 504 is provided on the outer end surface of the arc-shaped copper block 502. The guide column 504 can slide in a guide hole 505 of the support copper block 503. At the same time, the end of the guide column 504 passes through the support hole of the external baffle 211 and is connected to the positive electrode of the power supply 501. In addition, the arc-shaped copper block 50 2 The inner end surface contacts the surface of the spindle 203, and a pair of arc-shaped copper blocks 502 and supporting copper blocks 503 connecting pieces are distributed on the left and right sides of the spindle 203. The supporting copper blocks 503 between the two pairs of connecting pieces are connected and fastened by bolts, which can ensure that the inner end surfaces of the two arc-shaped copper blocks 502 are close to the surface of the rotating spindle 203. The double arc-shaped copper blocks can increase the conductive area between them and the rotating spindle, ensure good conductivity of the equipment during high current processing, reduce the risk of local overheating, and improve the stability and reliability of the equipment. On the other hand, the negative pole of the power supply 501 is connected to the Z-direction support arm 115 through a wire.

[0041] like Figure 8 As shown, the composite turning tool electrode 300 includes a tool body 301, a diamond blade 303 is connected to the tool body 301, and an electrolyte jet channel 302 is provided on the tool body 301. The axis of the electrolyte jet channel 302 is located directly above the tip of the diamond blade 303, and the distance b from the end face of the electrolyte jet channel 302 to the tip of the diamond blade 303 is set to 0.4-1 mm, so as to ensure that the chips generated by the diamond blade 303 during processing can be discharged smoothly. Fig. 9 As shown, during machining, the electrolyte will be ejected from the electrolyte jet channel 302 along the electrolyte flow direction 800 and rush toward the workpiece surface, which not only plays the role of removing materials by electrolytic machining, but also plays the role of cooling the diamond blade 303, so as to realize electrolytic-turning composite machining.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] In this embodiment, a high-efficiency precision electrolysis-turning composite machining method includes the following steps:

[0044] Step 1: Control the Z-direction support arm 115 to move along the Z-direction by the Z-direction servo motor 112 to adjust the relative position between the composite turning tool electrode 300 and the workpiece 700 so that the tip of the diamond blade 302 is aligned with the axis of the workpiece 700;

[0045] Step 2, according to the machining allowance T required for the workpiece 700, evenly distribute each machining allowance t;

[0046] Step 3: Perform a rough machining, control the Y-direction motion platform 103 to move along the Y-direction through the Y-direction servo motor 105, adjust the machining gap h between the end face of the electrolyte jet channel 303 and the surface of the workpiece 700, ensure that the machining gap h is within the range of 0.5 to 1 mm, and ensure that the diamond blade 302 does not contact the surface of the workpiece 700, such as Fig.10 The spindle motor 207 controls the speed n1 of the rotating spindle 203, turns on the return pump 402, the discharge pump 405 and the power supply 501, applies a potential greater than the breaking potential of the passivation film on the surface of the workpiece 700, performs electrolytic machining under high current density to remove large excess, and controls the axial feed speed of the composite turning tool electrode 300 to v1 through the X-axis servo motor 108, and the material removal depth in the rough machining stage is t1, as shown in FIG. Fig.11 As shown;

[0047] Step 4, turning off the power supply 501, and controlling the composite turning tool electrode 300 to return to the initial machining position of a rough machining through the X-axis servo motor 108;

[0048] Step 5, perform a finishing operation, adjust the composite turning tool electrode 300 to advance along the radial direction of the workpiece by the Y-direction servo motor 105 to (h+tb), and control the rotation speed n2 of the rotating spindle 203 by the spindle motor 207, turn on the power supply 501, and apply a potential less than the breaking potential of the passivation film on the surface of the workpiece 700. The electrolytic machining at a low current density only softens the surface material of the workpiece, and control the axial feed speed of the composite turning tool electrode 300 to v2 by the X-direction servo motor 108, and perform mechanical turning finishing operation, such as Fig.12 As shown, the finishing stage can eliminate the inherited errors caused by electrolytic machining under high current density, level the uneven contours in the roughing stage, ensure the stability of electrolytic machining parameter selection in each roughing stage, and improve machining efficiency;

[0049] Step 6: Repeat steps 3 to 5 until the required machining allowance T of the workpiece 700 is completely removed. Fig.13 As shown, efficient and precise machining of the surface material of the workpiece 700 can be achieved. Subsequently, the return liquid pump 402, the discharge liquid pump 405, and the power supply 501 are turned off, and the rotation of the rotating spindle 203 is stopped. At the same time, the X-direction servo motor 108 and the Y-direction servo motor 105 are adjusted to return the composite turning tool electrode 300 to the initial position, and the machined workpiece 700 is taken out, and the machining is completed.

[0050] In this embodiment, the material of the workpiece 700 is forged TC4 titanium alloy rod as an example, with a diameter of 20 mm and a required processing allowance of 6 mm. The allowance is divided into 10 processing times, and the average processing allowance for each time is 0.6 mm; the diameter of the electrolyte jet channel 303 is 3 mm, and the processing gap between the electrolyte jet channel 303 and the surface of the workpiece 700 is set to 0.5 mm. The electrolyte uses 20% NaCl solution, and the conductivity is about 20S / m.

[0051] The specific steps of the processing method are as follows:

[0052] Step 1: Control the Z-direction support arm 115 to move along the Z-direction by the Z-direction servo motor 112 to adjust the relative position between the composite turning tool electrode 300 and the workpiece 700 so that the tip of the diamond blade 302 is aligned with the axis of the workpiece 700;

[0053] Step 2: The machining allowance required for the workpiece 700 is 6 mm, and the allowance is divided into 10 machinings, with an average allowance of 0.6 mm for each machining;

[0054] Step three, perform a rough machining, control the Y-direction motion platform 103 to move along the Y-direction through the Y-direction servo motor 105, adjust the machining gap between the end face of the electrolyte jet channel 303 and the surface of the workpiece 700 to 0.5mm, and ensure that the diamond blade 302 does not contact the surface of the workpiece 700, the distance from the end face of the electrolyte jet channel 303 to the tip of the diamond blade 302 is 0.4mm, and the speed of the rotating spindle 203 is controlled by the spindle motor 207 to be 0.3r / min, and the potential applied is 60V by turning on the return pump 402, the discharge pump 405 and the power supply 501, and the electrolytic machining under high current density is performed to remove large excess, and the axial feed speed of the composite turning tool electrode 300 is controlled by the X-direction servo motor 108 to be 1mm / min, and the material removal depth in the rough machining stage is 0.5mm;

[0055] Step 4, turning off the power supply 501, and controlling the composite turning tool electrode 300 to return to the initial machining position of a rough machining through the X-axis servo motor 108;

[0056] Step 5, perform a finishing process, adjust the composite turning tool electrode 300 to advance along the radial direction of the workpiece to 0.7mm through the Y-direction servo motor 105, and control the rotation speed of the rotating spindle 203 to 300r / min through the spindle motor 207, turn on the power supply 501, apply a potential of 1V, and the electrolytic machining under low current density only softens the workpiece material, and control the axial feed speed of the composite turning tool electrode 300 to 30mm / min through the X-direction servo motor 108, and perform mechanical turning finishing process. The finishing process can eliminate the genetic error caused by electrolytic machining under high current density, flatten the uneven contour of the rough machining stage, ensure the stability of the electrolytic machining parameter selection in each rough machining stage, and improve the machining efficiency;

[0057] Step 6, repeat the process from step 3 to step 5 until the required machining allowance of 6mm of the workpiece 700 is completely removed, so as to achieve efficient and precise machining of the surface material of the workpiece 700. Then, turn off the return pump 402, the discharge pump 405, and the power supply 501, and stop the rotation of the main shaft 203. At the same time, adjust the X-direction servo motor 108 and the Y-direction servo motor 105 to return the composite turning tool electrode 300 to the initial position, take out the machined workpiece 700, and the machining is completed.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency precision electrolysis-turning composite processing device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a machine tool body (100), on which a spindle rotating device (200) and a composite turning tool electrode (300) are arranged, wherein the spindle rotating device (200) is used to clamp a workpiece (700) and drive the workpiece (700) to rotate, and the composite turning tool electrode (300) comprises a tool body (301), a blade (303) arranged on the tool body (301), and an electrolyte jet channel (302), wherein the electrolyte jet channel (302) is used to eject electrolyte, wherein the axis of the electrolyte jet channel (302) is located directly above the tip of the blade (303), and an electrolyte jet channel (302) is arranged in the tool body (301). The composite turning tool electrode (300) is connected to the machine tool body (100) via a tool shaft (117); an electrolyte transport channel is arranged in the tool shaft (117) and is communicated with the electrolyte transport channel of the tool body (301); an electrolyte supply device supplies electrolyte to the electrolyte transport channel in the tool shaft (117); positive and negative voltages are applied to the spindle rotating device (200) and the composite turning tool electrode (300) respectively; the machine tool body (100) drives the spindle rotating device (200) and the composite turning tool electrode (300) to move relative to three axes, so as to adjust the relative position between the composite turning tool electrode (300) and the workpiece (700) to achieve machining.

2. The high-efficiency precision electrolysis-turning composite machining device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The distance between the end surface of the electrolyte jet channel (302) and the tip of the blade (303) is d, and the tip of the blade is closer to the workpiece (700) than the end surface of the electrolyte jet channel (302).

3. The high-efficiency precision electrolysis-turning composite machining device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The working groove (600) includes a groove body (601), a rectangular hole (603) is arranged on the first side of the groove body (601), a circular hole (608) is arranged on the second side of the groove body (601), and the first side and the second side are perpendicular to each other. A rectangular slider (605) is arranged in the rectangular hole (603), and the upper and lower sides of the rectangular slider (605) are in contact with the rectangular hole (603), and the rectangular slider (605) moves left and right along the length direction of the rectangular hole (603). The rectangular slider (605) ) and the left and right ends of the rectangular hole (603), a foldable louver cloth (604) is arranged between the left and right ends of the rectangular slide block (605), a circular window (606) is arranged on the rectangular slide block (605), the tool shaft (117) extends from the circular window (606) to place the composite turning tool electrode (300) in the working groove (600), the spindle rotating device (200) extends the workpiece (700) through the circular hole (608) to place it in the working groove, and the composite turning tool electrode (300) processes the workpiece (700) in the working groove.

4. The high-efficiency precision electrolysis-turning composite machining device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The inner end surface of the rectangular slider (605) is provided with an annular air nozzle (607) along the edge of the circular window (606); the annular air nozzle (607) is sleeved on the outside of the tool shaft (117) and sprays air toward the tool shaft (117) to form a gas barrier.

5. The high-efficiency precision electrolysis-turning composite machining device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: A liquid outlet (609) is provided at the bottom of the tank body (601), and the liquid outlet (609) is used to discharge the electrolyte. The working tank (600) further comprises a tank cover (602) provided above the tank body (601).

6. The high-efficiency precision electrolysis-turning composite machining device according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The invention also comprises an electrolyte circulation system device (400), wherein the electrolyte circulation system device (400) comprises a turbid liquid tank (401), a liquid return pump (402), a filter (403), a clear liquid tank (404), and a liquid outlet pump (405) connected to a liquid outlet hole (609) at the bottom of a tank body (601) via a liquid inlet pipe, the turbid liquid tank (401), the liquid return pump (402), the filter (403), the clear liquid tank (404), and the liquid outlet pump (405) are sequentially connected via pipes, the tool shaft (117) is provided with a liquid inlet (116) connected to an internal electrolyte transport channel, and the liquid outlet pump (405) is connected to the liquid inlet (116) via a liquid outlet pipe.

7. The high-efficiency precision electrolysis-turning composite machining device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The spindle rotating device (200) comprises an external baffle (211) and a support frame (201) arranged at both ends of the internal part of the external baffle (211); a rotating spindle (203) is arranged in the support frame (201) via a bearing; one end of the rotating spindle (203) passes through a circular hole (608) and is fixedly connected to a three-jaw chuck (208); the three-jaw chuck (208) is used to clamp a workpiece (700); a spindle synchronous pulley (204) is fixedly arranged at the other end of the rotating spindle (203); the spindle synchronous pulley (204) is connected to a motor synchronous pulley (206) via a synchronous belt (205); and the motor synchronous pulley (206) is driven by a spindle motor (207).

8. The high-efficiency precision electrolysis-turning composite machining device according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The invention also comprises a power supply device (500). The power supply device (500) comprises a power supply (501), a positive electrode connecting device connected to the positive electrode of the power supply (501), the positive electrode connecting device comprising an arc-shaped power-drawing copper block (502) arranged outside the rotating main shaft (203), and a supporting copper block (503) connected to the arc-shaped power-drawing copper block (502) via a spring (506), two arc-shaped power-drawing copper blocks (502) are symmetrically arranged outside the rotating main shaft (203), and the supporting copper blocks (503) connected to the two arc-shaped power-drawing copper blocks (502) are fixedly connected to each other, and the arc-shaped power-drawing copper blocks (502) are connected to the rotating main shaft (203). ) is fixedly provided with a guide column (504) on the outer end surface, the support copper block (503) is provided with a guide hole (505) for the guide column (504) to pass through, and the external baffle plate (211) is provided with a support hole for the guide column (504) to pass through, the guide column (504) is fixed by the external baffle plate (211) and passes through the support hole to be connected to the positive electrode of the power supply (501), the guide column (504) slides in the guide hole (505), the inner end surface of the arc-shaped current-drawing copper block (502) is in contact with the rotating spindle (203); the negative electrode of the power supply (501) is connected to the composite turning tool electrode (300).

9. The high-efficiency precision electrolysis-turning composite machining device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The machine tool body (100) comprises a bed (101), on which a Z-direction support (111) extending along the Z axis and a Y-direction guide rail (102) extending along the Y axis are arranged, on which a Z-direction support (111) is arranged a Z-direction slider (114) moving along the Z-direction support (111), and the Z-direction slider (114) is fixedly connected to a tool shaft (117) via a Z-direction support arm (115), and a negative electrode of the power supply (501) is connected to the Z-direction support arm (115). 5); a Y-direction motion platform (103) moving along the Y-direction guide rail (102) is arranged on the Y-direction motion platform (103), an X-direction guide rail (106) extending along the X-axis is arranged on the Y-direction motion platform (103), an X-direction motion platform (107) moving along the X-direction guide rail (106) is arranged on the X-direction guide rail (106), the spindle rotation device (200) is arranged on the X-direction motion platform (107), and the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis are three axes of a spatial rectangular coordinate system.

10. A high-efficiency precision electrolysis-turning composite machining method using the machining device of claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Adjust the relative position between the electrode of the composite turning tool and the workpiece through the machine tool body so that the tip of the blade is flush with the axis of the workpiece and the tip of the blade does not contact the surface of the workpiece; Step 2: Perform rough machining: apply positive and negative voltages to the spindle rotating device and the composite turning tool electrode respectively, the applied potential is greater than the breaking potential of the passivation film on the workpiece surface, the electrolyte jet channel of the composite turning tool electrode ejects electrolyte to perform electrolytic machining under high current density to remove large excess, and the machine tool body controls the axial feed of the workpiece for rough machining; Step 3: Perform finishing: adjust the relative position between the composite turning tool electrode and the workpiece through the machine tool body so that the tip of the blade contacts the surface of the workpiece, apply positive and negative voltages to the spindle rotating device and the composite turning tool electrode respectively, the applied potential is less than the breaking potential of the passivation film on the surface of the workpiece, the electrolyte jet channel of the composite turning tool electrode ejects electrolyte to perform electrolytic machining on the workpiece under a small current density, which only plays the role of softening the surface material of the workpiece, the blade performs mechanical turning, and the machine tool body controls the axial feed finishing of the workpiece; Step 4: Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the required machining allowance of the workpiece is completely removed.

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