Deep hole machining method

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides a deep hole machining method of a machine tool, the machine tool comprising a grinding rod and a guide sleeve, the grinding rod being provided with a cutting oil supply channel, the grinding rod comprising a grinding head, the deep hole machining method comprising: controlling the guide sleeve to move to abut against a workpiece; and controlling the grinding rod to cyclically perform the following actions until deep hole machining of the workpiece is completed: controlling the grinding head of the grinding rod to pass through the guide sleeve and grind the workpiece at a set feed speed; and whenever the grinding head reaches a set grinding amount, controlling the grinding rod to retreat and supplying cutting oil through the grinding head to flush away the debris generated when the grinding head grinds. The deep hole machining method provided by the embodiment of the application can grind the workpiece through the grinding rod, and in the process of grinding, the grinding rod can be controlled to retreat and cutting oil can be supplied through the grinding head to flush away the debris generated when the grinding head grinds, so that deep holes can be machined on hard and fragile workpieces, and the workpiece materials that can be machined by deep hole machining are more extensive.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of mechanical processing technology, and in particular to a deep hole processing method. Background Art

[0002] When traditional machine tools perform hole processing on a workpiece, they usually use tools such as drills and gun drills to perform drilling processing to process the required holes on the workpiece.

[0003] However, this machining method has limitations and cannot be used to drill workpieces in hard and brittle materials such as quartz. Summary of the Invention

[0004] An embodiment of the present application provides a deep hole processing method, which can realize deep hole processing on a workpiece made of hard and brittle materials through grinding, so that the workpiece materials that can be deep-hole processed are more extensive.

[0005] The present application provides a deep hole machining method for a machine tool, wherein the machine tool includes a grinding rod and a guide sleeve, wherein a cutting oil supply channel is provided in the grinding rod, and the grinding rod includes a grinding head. The deep hole machining method includes:

[0006] Controlling the guide sleeve to move until it abuts against the workpiece;

[0007] The grinding rod is controlled to cycle through the following actions until the deep hole machining of the workpiece is completed:

[0008] Controlling the grinding head of the grinding rod to pass through the guide sleeve and grinding the workpiece at a set feed speed;

[0009] Whenever the grinding head reaches a set grinding amount, the grinding rod is controlled to retract, and cutting oil is supplied through the grinding head to flush away the debris generated during the grinding process.

[0010] In some embodiments, the grinding rod further comprises a tool handle and a tool rod, wherein the tool handle, the tool rod, and the grinding head are connected in sequence, and the tool handle is used to be mounted on the spindle of the machine tool;

[0011] A guide hole and an avoidance hole are provided in the guide sleeve along the longitudinal direction, the avoidance hole is communicated with the guide hole, and the avoidance hole is located below the guide hole;

[0012] When the grinding head grinds the workpiece, the tool rod passes through the guide hole and the grinding head passes through the avoidance hole;

[0013] When the grinding rod retracts, the grinding head retracts into the avoidance hole.

[0014] In some embodiments, an oil supply hole is provided in the guide sleeve and runs through the guide sleeve in the transverse direction. The oil supply hole is connected to the air avoidance hole. The oil supply hole is used to supply cutting oil, and the supplied cutting oil is used to discharge the debris generated when the grinding head is grinding.

[0015] In some embodiments, when the grinding head grinds the workpiece, the grinding head supplies cutting oil to cool the grinding head and flush out debris generated during grinding, and the oil supply hole supplies cutting oil to discharge the debris generated during grinding.

[0016] In some embodiments, the bottom end of the grinding head has a conical structure;

[0017] When the grinding rod completes deep hole processing on the workpiece, the conical structure of the grinding head completely passes through the workpiece, so that a through hole with a uniform hole diameter is formed in the workpiece.

[0018] In some embodiments, when the grinding head drills through the workpiece, the oil supply hole supplies cutting oil to cool the grinding head and discharge chips generated during grinding.

[0019] In some embodiments, an oil supply groove is provided in the grinding head and runs through the grinding head in a transverse direction. The oil supply groove is connected to the oil supply channel, and the oil supply groove is used to supply cutting oil.

[0020] In some embodiments, an insert made of wear-resistant material is provided in the guide hole, and the insert is provided with a through hole along the longitudinal direction.

[0021] In some embodiments, before controlling the guide sleeve to move to abut against the workpiece, the deep hole machining method further includes:

[0022] Cutting oil is supplied through the grinding head to flush the workpiece surface.

[0023] In some embodiments, a surface of the guide sleeve that abuts the workpiece is provided with a groove, an elastic member is provided in the groove, and a surface of the elastic member protrudes from the surface of the guide sleeve.

[0024] The deep hole processing method provided in the embodiment of the present application can grind the workpiece by means of a grinding rod, and during the grinding process, the grinding rod can be controlled to retract, and cutting oil can be supplied through the grinding head to flush the debris generated during grinding. Therefore, deep holes can be processed on workpieces of hard and brittle materials, making it possible to process deep holes on a wider range of workpiece materials. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. Those skilled in the art can also derive other drawings based on these drawings without inventive effort.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of the grinding rod and guide sleeve according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the guide sleeve according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the state of a workpiece before deep hole processing in an embodiment of the present application.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the local state of a workpiece before deep hole machining in an embodiment of the present application.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the state after deep hole processing of the workpiece is completed in the embodiment of the present application.

[0031] Description of reference numerals:

[0032] 10-grinding rod; 20-guide sleeve; 30-workpiece;

[0033] 11-Handle; 12-Arbor; 13-Grinding head;

[0034] 21-guide hole; 22-avoidance hole; 23-insert; 24-oil supply hole; 25-groove; 26-elastic part. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0036] The present invention provides a deep hole machining method for use in machine tools. The method can be used to perform deep hole machining on workpieces made of hard and fragile materials such as quartz glass. It should be noted that the above-mentioned quartz glass is only an example, and the present invention is also applicable to workpieces made of other hard and fragile materials.

[0037] The machine tool has an X-axis, Y-axis, Z-axis, spindle, high-pressure cutting oil supply system and V-axis. Among them, the X-axis and Y-axis are in the horizontal direction, and the machine tool can drive the workpiece to move along the X-axis or Y-axis. The Z-axis is in the vertical direction, and the spindle can move up and down along the Z-axis. The spindle is set on the spindle box, and the spindle has a central water outlet (or cutting oil) function. The V-axis is set on the spindle box, and the V-axis is parallel to the Z-axis. The bottom end of the V-axis is provided with a through hole coaxial with the spindle. The through hole can be used to clamp the guide sleeve, and the V-axis can drive the guide sleeve to move in the vertical direction. The high-pressure cutting oil supply system is used to supply cutting oil. For example, cutting oil can be supplied through the center of the spindle to cool the tool clamped on the spindle during processing, and to flush the debris generated by processing.

[0038] In the embodiment of the present application, the spindle of the machine tool is used to clamp the grinding rod, which is used to grind the workpiece, thereby realizing deep hole processing on the workpiece. The V-axis of the machine tool clamps a guide sleeve, which is used to guide the grinding rod and improve the accuracy of the deep hole processing of the grinding rod.

[0039] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the grinding rod 10 and guide sleeve 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The grinding rod 10 comprises a tool holder 11, a tool bar 12, and a grinding head 13, which are connected in sequence. The tool holder 11 is mounted on the spindle of a machine tool. The grinding head 13 is used to grind workpieces. The guide sleeve 20 has a central through-hole through which the grinding head 13 and tool bar 12 can pass, thereby guiding the grinding rod 10.

[0040] In practice, the outer diameter of the grinding head 13 is slightly larger than that of the tool shank 12. The outer periphery of the grinding head 13 is sintered with highly wear-resistant corundum. The bottom of the grinding head 13 has a conical structure. The corundum sintered at the bottom of the grinding head 13 has a relatively coarse grain size, which facilitates rough grinding (i.e., coarse grinding) of the workpiece. The corundum grain size around the sides of the grinding head 13 is finer, which facilitates fine grinding of the hole formed by rough grinding, thereby improving the accuracy of the hole.

[0041] In the embodiment of the present application, a cutting oil supply channel is provided within the grinding rod 10, and the oil supply channel runs through the tool holder 11, the tool bar 12, and the grinding head 13. The grinding head 13 is provided with an oil supply groove running transversely therethrough, the oil supply groove being connected to the oil supply channel within the grinding rod 10, and having openings at both ends of the oil supply groove for supplying cutting oil. In actual application, the oil supply channel within the grinding rod 10 can be connected to the oil supply channel inside the spindle and connected to a high-pressure cutting oil supply system. Therefore, cutting oil can be supplied outward from the lateral periphery of the grinding head 13 (i.e., the opening of the oil supply groove).

[0042] For reference Figure 2 , Figure 2This is a schematic structural diagram of the guide sleeve 20 of an embodiment of the present application. A guide hole 21 and an air avoidance hole 22 are provided in the longitudinal direction of the guide sleeve 20. The air avoidance hole 22 is connected to the guide hole 21. The air avoidance hole 22 is located below the guide hole 21. The guide hole 21 can allow the grinding head 13 and the tool rod 12 of the grinding rod 10 to pass through to guide the grinding rod 10. The air avoidance hole 22 can provide air avoidance for the grinding head 13 and facilitate chip removal. In actual applications, the inner diameter of the air avoidance hole 22 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the grinding head 13. For example, the inner diameter of the air avoidance hole 22 can be 1 mm larger than the outer diameter of the grinding head 13.

[0043] In some embodiments, an insert 23 made of a wear-resistant material is positioned within the guide hole 21. The insert 23 has a longitudinal through-hole that communicates with the air-clearance hole 22. The through-hole in the insert 23 allows the grinding head 13 and the cutter bar 12 of the grinding rod 10 to pass through, thereby guiding the grinding rod 10. In practice, the inner diameter of the through-hole in the insert 23 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the grinding head 13. For example, the inner diameter of the through-hole can be 0.005 mm to 0.01 mm larger than the outer diameter of the grinding head 13.

[0044] It is understandable that without the insert 23, the tool bar 23 would pass through the guide hole 21 during the grinding process of the grinding rod 10. This could cause friction between the tool bar 12 and the wall of the guide hole 21, which could easily damage the internal structure of the guide sleeve 20. Therefore, by providing a wear-resistant insert 23 in the guide hole 21, friction is generated between the tool bar 12 and the insert 23, avoiding direct friction between the tool bar 12 and the wall of the guide hole 21, thereby reducing damage to the internal structure of the guide sleeve 20.

[0045] In some embodiments, the guide sleeve 20 is provided with an oil supply hole 24 extending transversely therethrough. The oil supply hole 24 is connected to the air-avoidance hole 22. The oil supply hole 24 has openings at both ends. The opening at one end is connected to the machine tool's high-pressure cutting oil supply system, and the opening at the other end serves as an oil outlet for the cutting oil to flow out. Therefore, the oil supply hole 24 can be used to supply cutting oil, and the supplied cutting oil can be used to discharge the chips generated during grinding by the grinding head 13. The oil outlet is used to discharge cutting oil mixed with chips, and therefore can also be called a chip removal port.

[0046] In some embodiments, the bottom of the guide sleeve 20 is provided with a groove 25. The bottom of the guide sleeve 20 serves as the surface where the guide sleeve 20 contacts the workpiece. The groove 25 can be segmented or continuous, for example, it can be an annular groove. An elastic member 26 is disposed within the groove 25, with the surface of the elastic member 26 protruding from the surface where the guide sleeve 20 contacts the workpiece. In practical applications, the elastic member 26 can be made of a highly elastic material such as rubber or foam.

[0047] For reference Figures 3 to 5 , Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the state of a workpiece before deep hole machining in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the local state of a workpiece before deep hole machining according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the state after deep hole machining of a workpiece according to an embodiment of the present application. The workpiece 30 is a workpiece made of a hard and brittle material. In practical applications, the workpiece 30 can be made of materials such as quartz glass.

[0048] In the embodiment of the present application, before the machine tool performs deep hole processing on the workpiece 30, the grinding rod 10 is first clamped on the main shaft of the machine tool, and the guide sleeve 20 matching the grinding rod 10 is clamped on the V axis. When performing deep hole processing, the guide sleeve 20 is first controlled to move to abut against the workpiece 30, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 In this state, the guide sleeve 20 is in contact with the workpiece 30, and the grinding rod 10 has not yet contacted the workpiece 30. At this time, the shank 12 of the grinding rod 10 passes through the guide hole 21 of the guide sleeve 20, and the grinding head 13 is located in the avoidance hole 22 of the guide sleeve 20, as shown in FIG. Figure 4 shown.

[0049] It can be understood that since the surface where the guide sleeve 20 abuts the workpiece is provided with a groove 25, an elastic member 26 is provided in the groove 25, and the surface of the elastic member 26 protrudes from the surface where the guide sleeve 20 abuts the workpiece, the elastic member 26 can play a buffering role to prevent the guide sleeve 20 from colliding with the workpiece 30 and causing damage to the workpiece 30.

[0050] In some embodiments, before the guide sleeve 20 is moved to abut against the workpiece 30, cutting oil can be supplied through the grinding head 13 to flush the surface of the workpiece 30. Specifically, after the guide sleeve 20 is clamped on the V-axis, the V-axis can be controlled to move upward until the grinding head 13 is within the clearance hole 22 of the guide sleeve 20. Then, high-pressure cutting oil is opened to the spindle, causing the cutting oil to rush out from the bottom of the grinding rod 10, thereby flushing the surface of the workpiece 30.

[0051] After the machine tool controls the guide sleeve 20 to move to abut against the workpiece 30, it controls the grinding rod 10 to cyclically perform the following actions until the deep hole processing of the workpiece 30 is completed: the grinding head 13 of the grinding rod 10 is controlled to pass through the guide sleeve 20 and grind the workpiece 30 at a set feed speed; whenever the grinding head 13 reaches the set grinding amount, the grinding rod 10 is controlled to retract, that is, the grinding rod 10 is controlled to move upward, and cutting oil is supplied through the grinding head 13 to flush the debris generated by the grinding head 13 during grinding.

[0052] Specifically, after the guide sleeve 20 abuts against the workpiece 30, the machine tool can start the spindle rotation and simultaneously open the high-pressure cutting oil to the oil supply hole 24 of the guide sleeve 20, and supply the cutting oil through the grinding rod 10 and the guide sleeve 20. At this time, the machine tool is in a processing ready state.

[0053] The machine tool's Z-axis then moves downward at a constant speed at the set feed rate. The grinding head 13 of the grinding rod 10 gradually passes through the guide sleeve 20 and comes into contact with the workpiece 30. At this point, the grinding head 13 grinds the workpiece 30, producing powdery debris and gradually forming a hole in the workpiece 30. During grinding, the tool bar 12 passes through the guide hole 21 of the guide sleeve 20, and the grinding head 13 passes through the clearance hole 22 of the guide sleeve 20 and comes into contact with the workpiece 30. Simultaneously, the high-pressure cutting oil cools the grinding head 13. The grinding debris is then transported from the side of the grinding head 13 upward into the clearance hole 22 of the guide sleeve 20, where it mixes with the cutting oil in the oil supply hole 24 and is discharged from the chip discharge port of the oil supply hole 24. In actual application, when the grinding head 13 grinds the workpiece 30, the oil supply groove inside the grinding head 13 supplies cutting oil to cool the grinding head 13 and flush the debris generated during grinding, so that the debris enters the air avoidance hole 22 of the guide sleeve 20; at the same time, the oil supply hole 24 of the guide sleeve 20 supplies cutting oil to discharge the debris in the air avoidance hole 22, so that the debris generated during grinding can be discharged to the outside.

[0054] During the grinding process of the workpiece 30, the grinding rod 10 is controlled to retract, i.e., to move upward, whenever the set grinding amount is reached. The grinding head 13 then retracts into the clearance hole 22 of the guide sleeve 20. Simultaneously, cutting oil is supplied through the grinding head 13 to flush away the debris generated during grinding. Subsequently, the grinding rod 10 is controlled to continue to move downward at a set feed rate to grind the workpiece 30.

[0055] The above-mentioned process of controlling the grinding rod 10 to grind the workpiece and controlling the grinding rod 10 to retract is repeated until the deep hole processing of the workpiece 30 is completed. The entire processing process can be automatically controlled by programming.

[0056] It is understandable that in the early stages of the grinding process, only the bottom of the grinding head 13 is in contact with the workpiece 30. The bottom of the grinding head 13 and the grinding surface of the workpiece 30 are in complete contact. At this time, the cutting oil and debris are discharged outward from the oil supply groove that runs horizontally through the grinding head 13. As the grinding progresses, the gap between the side of the grinding head 13 and the workpiece 30 becomes very narrow, and the debris generated at the bottom of the grinding head 13 cannot be completely discharged in a timely manner. Therefore, it is necessary to control the grinding head 13 to retract into the clearance hole 22 of the guide sleeve 20 when the grinding head 13 reaches the set grinding amount, increase the gap between the grinding head 13 and the workpiece 30, and facilitate the high-pressure cutting oil to completely remove the debris in the hole of the workpiece 30 before continuing the grinding process.

[0057] The state after deep hole processing of workpiece 30 is completed is as follows Figure 5 When the grinding rod 10 completes deep hole processing on the workpiece 30, the conical structure of the grinding head 13 completely passes through the workpiece 30, so that a through hole with a uniform aperture is formed in the workpiece 30. For example, in actual application, when deep hole processing is completed, the entire structure of the grinding head 13 completely passes through the workpiece 30, as shown in FIG. Figure 5 As can be understood, due to the tapered structure of the bottom end of the grinding head 13, when the workpiece 30 is just drilled through by the grinding head 13, the hole at the bottom of the workpiece 30 and the hole above it have different diameters. Grinding needs to be continued until the grinding head 13 is completely drilled out of the workpiece 30, so that the hole at the bottom of the workpiece 30 and the hole above it have the same diameter, achieving the desired diameter.

[0058] It is understandable that when the grinding head 13 drills through the workpiece 30, the cutting oil supplied by the oil supply groove inside the grinding head 13 can no longer flow back upward, so the oil supply hole 24 of the guide sleeve 20 is required to supply cutting oil to cool the grinding head 13 and discharge the debris generated during grinding.

[0059] The deep hole machining method provided in the embodiment of the present application can grind a workpiece 30 using a grinding rod 10. During the grinding process, the grinding rod 10 can be controlled to retract, and cutting oil can be supplied through the grinding head 13 to flush away debris generated during grinding. Therefore, deep holes can be machined in workpieces made of hard and brittle materials, expanding the range of workpiece materials suitable for deep hole machining. In addition, during the deep hole machining process, the embodiment of the present application guides the grinding rod 10 using a guide sleeve 20, thereby improving the accuracy of the deep hole machining performed by the grinding rod.

[0060] The above describes in detail the deep hole processing method provided in the embodiments of the present application. Specific examples are used herein to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is intended only to facilitate understanding of the present application. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that variations in the specific implementation methods and scope of application may occur based on the concepts of the present application. In summary, the contents of this specification should not be construed as limiting the present application.

Claims

1. A deep hole machining method for a machine tool, characterized in that: The machine tool includes a grinding rod and a guide sleeve, wherein a cutting oil supply channel is provided in the grinding rod, the grinding rod includes a grinding head, a tool holder and a tool rod, wherein the tool holder, the tool rod and the grinding head are connected in sequence, and the tool holder is used to be mounted on the main shaft of the machine tool; a guide hole and an air avoidance hole are provided in the longitudinal direction of the guide sleeve, wherein the air avoidance hole is connected to the guide hole and is located below the guide hole; an oil supply hole is provided in the guide sleeve that passes through in the transverse direction and is connected to the air avoidance hole; the deep hole processing method includes: Controlling the guide sleeve to move until it abuts against the workpiece; The grinding rod is controlled to cycle through the following actions until the deep hole machining of the workpiece is completed: The grinding head of the grinding rod is controlled to pass through the guide sleeve and grind the workpiece at a set feed speed; when the grinding head grinds the workpiece, the tool bar passes through the guide hole and the grinding head passes through the clearance hole; the grinding head supplies cutting oil to cool the grinding head and flush chips generated during grinding; the oil supply hole supplies cutting oil to discharge chips generated during grinding; Whenever the grinding head reaches the set grinding amount, the grinding rod is controlled to retract, and cutting oil is supplied through the grinding head to flush the debris generated by the grinding head during grinding; wherein, when the grinding rod retracts, the grinding head retracts into the avoidance hole.

2. The deep hole machining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom end of the grinding head is in a conical structure; When the grinding rod completes deep hole processing on the workpiece, the conical structure of the grinding head completely passes through the workpiece, so that a through hole with a uniform hole diameter is formed in the workpiece.

3. The deep hole machining method according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the grinding head drills through the workpiece, the oil supply hole supplies cutting oil to cool the grinding head and discharge chips generated during grinding.

4. The deep hole machining method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: An oil supply groove is provided in the grinding head and runs through the grinding head in the transverse direction. The oil supply groove is communicated with the oil supply channel and is used for supplying cutting oil.

5. The deep hole machining method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: An insert made of wear-resistant material is arranged in the guide hole, and the insert is provided with a through hole along the longitudinal direction.

6. The deep hole machining method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: Before controlling the guide sleeve to move to abut against the workpiece, the method further includes: Cutting oil is supplied through the grinding head to flush the workpiece surface.

7. The deep hole machining method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: A groove is provided on the surface of the guide sleeve that contacts the workpiece. An elastic member is provided in the groove, and a surface of the elastic member protrudes from the surface of the guide sleeve.

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