Saline-alkali soil modifier based on lucid ganoderma residue compost as well as preparation method and application of saline-alkali soil modifier

Abstract

The invention relates to a saline-alkali soil modifier based on lucid ganoderma residue compost and a preparation method and application thereof, belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and provides the saline-alkali soil modifier based on lucid ganoderma residue compost, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 500-700 parts of lucid ganoderma residue compost and 25-50 parts of a saline-alkali tolerant nitrogen-fixing microbial agent. According to the saline-alkali soil improver prepared on the basis of the ganoderma lucidum residue aerobic compost and the saline-alkali-resistant nitrogen-fixing microbial inoculum, organic solid wastes such as traditional Chinese medicine residues are recycled; the improvement effect is good, the leaching efficiency of the saline-alkali soil is increased, the diversity of soil microbial communities is increased, and the enzyme activity is increased; the crop yield is greatly improved, and the crop nutritional quality is improved; compared with other bio-organic fertilizers, the bio-organic fertilizer has the advantage of reducing emission of greenhouse gas N2O.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and in particular relates to a saline-alkali land improver based on ganoderma lucidum residue compost, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] As an important reserve arable land resource, saline-alkali soil has achieved many research results on its improvement and restoration, but more than half of the saline-alkali soil has not been developed and utilized, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. In recent years, the area of ​​saline-alkali land and salinized arable land has continued to increase, and the salinized area of ​​arable land has increased from one-third to one-half. The regional ecological environment has deteriorated, seriously affecting the growth and development of crops and restricting the development of the local agricultural economy. Soil salinization has become one of the main obstacles to the utilization of land resources. The development and utilization of saline-alkali soil in the region is of great practical significance to the sustainable development of the local rural economy, the protection of the ecological environment in the Yellow River Basin, and future food security.

[0003] The pH and salt content of saline-alkali soil are high, and the air and water permeability are poor, and the fertilizer efficiency is low, which has an adverse effect on the growth of crops. At present, the main technologies for the prevention and control of salinized soil are: physical improvement technology, chemical improvement technology and biological improvement technology, but the effects are not very ideal. Common methods of physical improvement include drainage, flushing, loosening soil, sand-laying and alkali pressure, and covering. Among them, flushing and drainage have the best improvement effect, but the cost of irrigation and drainage supporting technology is high, and there is a large waste of water resources. Chemical improvement uses the principle of acid-base neutralization to apply materials that can reduce the alkalinity in saline-alkali land. Common chemical improvers include gypsum, phosphogypsum, superphosphate, ferrous sulfate (black alum), sulfuric acid, sulfur and other substances. Among them, the improvement research on the application of gypsum is the most and the effect is better. However, chemical improvement is easy to introduce new ions and cause secondary pollution. Biological improvement technology has good environmental performance, but it is slow to take effect. Therefore, the exploration and trial of new methods and technologies for saline-alkali land improvement has always been a hot topic in the field of saline-alkali land improvement research. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a saline-alkali land improver based on Ganoderma lucidum residue compost and its preparation method and application. The saline-alkali land improver prepared by the present invention can effectively reduce the salt content of saline-alkali land, adjust the soil pH value, improve soil fertility, and promote crop growth.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a saline-alkali land improver based on ganoderma lucidum residue compost, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 500-700 parts of ganoderma lucidum residue compost and 25-50 parts of salt-alkali tolerant nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

[0006] Preferably, the Ganoderma lucidum residue composting is aerobic composting of Ganoderma lucidum residue.

[0007] Preferably, the salt-alkali tolerant nitrogen-fixing bacteria agent includes one or more of Paenibacillus mucilaginosus, Azotobacter chroococcu, Trichoderma harzianum and Azotobacter saline tris, and the total effective viable count of the salt-alkali tolerant nitrogen-fixing bacteria agent is 10 billion / g.

[0008] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the saline-alkali land improving agent, comprising the following steps:

[0009] (1) Ganoderma lucidum residue is crushed, and water is added to adjust the humidity to 60-80% to obtain pretreated Ganoderma lucidum residue;

[0010] (2) The pretreated ganoderma residue obtained in step (1) is piled and compacted, covered with a fermentation film, and fermented until dark brown, thereby obtaining ganoderma residue compost;

[0011] (3) The ganoderma residue compost obtained in step (2) is mixed with a salt-alkali tolerant nitrogen-fixing bacteria agent to obtain a saline-alkali land improver.

[0012] Preferably, the crushing in step (1) controls the crushing particle size to be 1 to 2 cm.

[0013] Preferably, the stacking specifications in step (2) are 8-20m×5-10m×2m.

[0014] Preferably, the fermentation membrane in step (2) is a nano composting membrane.

[0015] Preferably, the fermentation method in step (2) is aerobic fermentation, the fermentation temperature is 28-37° C., and the fermentation time is 45-55 days.

[0016] The present invention also provides application of the saline-alkali land improving agent in enhancing the fertility of saline-alkali land.

[0017] Preferably, the saline-alkali land improver is spread on the soil surface of the saline-alkali land at a dosage of 1000 kg / mu, and the soil is rotary tilled to a depth of 30 cm. After one week, crops are planted.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0019] The saline-alkali land improver based on ganoderma lucidum residue compost of the present invention can improve soil fertility. The aerobic compost of ganoderma lucidum residue contains rich nutrients, which can effectively improve the fertility of saline-alkali land and promote crop growth. The salt-alkali tolerant nitrogen-fixing bacteria agent can enhance the nitrogen-fixing ability of the soil, provide more nitrogen nutrition for crops and promote crop growth. The improver composed of the aerobic compost of ganoderma lucidum residue and the salt-alkali tolerant nitrogen-fixing bacteria agent can regulate the physical properties of the soil, improve the soil structure, and improve the air permeability and water retention of the soil, thereby realizing the resource utilization of waste and reducing environmental pollution.

[0020] The saline-alkali land improver prepared by the invention based on aerobic composting of ganoderma lucidum residue and salt-alkali tolerant nitrogen-fixing bacteria makes resourceful use of organic solid wastes such as traditional Chinese medicine residues; the improvement effect is good, the leaching efficiency of saline-alkali soil is increased, the diversity of soil microbial communities is increased, and the enzyme activity is increased; the crop yield is greatly increased, and the nutritional quality of crops is improved; compared with other biological organic fertilizers, the improvement agent has the advantage of reducing the emission of greenhouse gas N2O. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a heat map of the relative abundance of soil microbial species in the experimental group and the control group. In the figure, control represents the control group, and treatment represents the experimental group.

[0023] Figure 2 This is the nitrogen metabolism pathway diagram of soil microorganisms in the experimental group and the control group. In the figure, control represents the control group, and treatment represents the experimental group.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a comparison chart of corn growth between the experimental group and the control group. The treatment group in the figure represents the experimental group. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0026] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing special embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between the intermediate value in any stated value or stated range and any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0027] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0028] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to the skilled artisan. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0029] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0030] Unless otherwise specified, the "parts" described in the present invention are all based on mass parts.

[0031] The sources of the materials used in the present invention are: ganoderma lucidum residue, salt-alkali tolerant nitrogen-fixing bacteria agent and nano composting film, all of which are commercially available products.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] 600 parts of Ganoderma lucidum residue compost and 30 parts of salt-alkali tolerant nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

[0034] The salt-alkali tolerant nitrogen-fixing bacteria agent is jelly-like Bacillus, and the total effective live bacteria count is 10 billion / g.

[0035] (1) Ganoderma lucidum residue is crushed into small pieces of 1 cm, and water is added to adjust the humidity to 70% to obtain pretreated Ganoderma lucidum residue;

[0036] (2) Pre-treating the ganoderma residue, piling it into a 10m×5m×2m compaction, covering it with a nano compost film, fermenting it at 30°C, with an initial moisture content of 68%, an initial carbon-nitrogen ratio of 35 / 1, and turning it to dark brown after 50 days to obtain the ganoderma residue compost;

[0037] (3) Ganoderma lucidum residue compost is mixed with salt-alkali tolerant nitrogen-fixing bacteria to obtain a saline-alkali land improver.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] 500 parts of Ganoderma lucidum residue compost and 25 parts of salt-alkali tolerant nitrogen-fixing bacteria agent.

[0040] The salt-alkali tolerant nitrogen-fixing bacteria agent is Trichoderma harzianum, and the total effective live bacteria count is 10 billion / g.

[0041] (1) Ganoderma lucidum residue is crushed into small pieces of 1 cm, and water is added to adjust the humidity to 60% to obtain pretreated Ganoderma lucidum residue;

[0042] (2) Pre-treating the ganoderma residue, piling it into a 10m×10m×2m compaction, covering it with a nano compost film, fermenting it at 35°C, with an initial moisture content of 65%, an initial carbon-nitrogen ratio of 35 / 1, and turning it to dark brown after 45 days to obtain the ganoderma residue compost;

[0043] (3) Ganoderma lucidum residue compost is mixed with salt-alkali tolerant nitrogen-fixing bacteria to obtain a saline-alkali land improver.

[0044] Example 3

[0045] 700 parts of Ganoderma lucidum residue compost and 50 parts of salt-alkali tolerant nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

[0046] The salt-alkali tolerant nitrogen-fixing bacteria are Bacillus jelly-like and Trichoderma harzianum, and the total effective live bacteria count is 10 billion / g.

[0047] (1) Ganoderma lucidum residue is crushed into small pieces of 2 cm, and water is added to adjust the humidity to 80% to obtain pretreated Ganoderma lucidum residue;

[0048] (2) Pre-treating the ganoderma residue, piling it into a 8m×8m×2m compaction, covering it with a nano compost film, fermenting it at 28°C, with an initial moisture content of 68%, an initial carbon-nitrogen ratio of 35 / 1, and turning it to dark brown after 55 days to obtain the ganoderma residue compost;

[0049] (3) Ganoderma lucidum residue compost is mixed with salt-alkali tolerant nitrogen-fixing bacteria to obtain a saline-alkali land improver.

[0050] Example 4

[0051] 500 parts of Ganoderma lucidum residue compost and 50 parts of salt-alkali tolerant nitrogen-fixing bacteria agent.

[0052] The salt-alkali tolerant nitrogen-fixing bacteria agent is brown spherical nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and the total effective live bacteria count is 10 billion / g.

[0053] (1) Ganoderma lucidum residue is crushed into small pieces of 1 cm, and water is added to adjust the humidity to 70% to obtain pretreated Ganoderma lucidum residue;

[0054] (2) Pre-treating the ganoderma residue, piling it into a 12m×8m×2m compaction, covering it with a nano compost film, fermenting it at 37°C, with an initial moisture content of 65%, an initial carbon-nitrogen ratio of 35 / 1, and turning it to dark brown after 50 days to obtain the ganoderma residue compost;

[0055] (3) Ganoderma lucidum residue compost is mixed with salt-alkali tolerant nitrogen-fixing bacteria to obtain a saline-alkali land improver.

[0056] Example 5

[0057] 700 parts of Ganoderma lucidum residue compost and 25 parts of salt-alkali tolerant nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

[0058] The salt-alkali tolerant nitrogen-fixing bacteria include salt-dwelling nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and the total effective live bacteria count is 10 billion / g.

[0059] (1) Ganoderma lucidum residue is crushed into small pieces of 1 cm, and water is added to adjust the humidity to 70% to obtain pretreated Ganoderma lucidum residue;

[0060] (2) Pre-treating the ganoderma residue, piling it into a 10m×6m×2m compaction, covering it with a nano compost film, fermenting it at 37°C, with an initial moisture content of 65%, an initial carbon-nitrogen ratio of 35 / 1, and turning it to dark brown after 50 days to obtain the ganoderma residue compost;

[0061] (3) Ganoderma lucidum residue compost is mixed with salt-alkali tolerant nitrogen-fixing bacteria to obtain a saline-alkali land improver.

[0062] Experimental example

[0063] Application method: The saline-alkali land improver prepared in Example 1 was evenly spread on the surface of the saline-alkali land soil at a dosage of 1000 kg / mu, and rotary tillage was performed with a rotary tiller at a depth of 30 cm to fully mix the saline-alkali land improver with the soil. One week after rotary tillage, corn was planted as the experimental group (CL). The land without the saline-alkali land improver was used as the control group (CK) to plant corn. After the corn was harvested, the soil physical and chemical indicators, soil enzyme activity, and soil microbial community α diversity index were measured. After the corn was harvested, the agronomic traits and yields of the corn harvested from different groups were compared, as well as the nutritional quality of the corn.

[0064] Table 1 Comparison of soil physical and chemical indicators between the experimental group and the control group

[0065]

[0066]

[0067] Table 2 Comparison of soil enzyme activities between the experimental group and the control group

[0068]

[0069] Table 3 Alpha diversity index of soil microbial community in the experimental group and the control group

[0070] chao1 shannon_ simpson CK 1776±104 5.7±0.11 0.88±0.015 CL 2018±126 6.17±0.26* 0.92±0.011*

[0071] Table 4 Comparison of agronomic traits and yield of corn between experimental group and control group

[0072] CK CL growth rate Plant height (cm / plant) 234.21±11.90 305.47±3.97** 30.42％ Straw weight (kg / plant) 2.83±0.23 4.34±0.18*** 53.36％ Stem diameter (cm / plant) 1.90±0.16 1.93±0.14 1.58％ <![CDATA[Total ear weight (kg / m 2 )]]> 2.17±0.24 3.38±0.21** 55.76％ Single ear weight (kg / piece) 0.22±0.024 0.25±0.003 13.64％ 100-grain weight (g) 23.10±1.28 25.82±0.44 11.77％ Number of grains per ear (grain / piece) 541.20±17.78 609.60±22.83* 12.64％ Ear diameter (cm / piece) 4.73±0.06 4.72±0.07 0.21％ <![CDATA[Number of panicles (panicles / m 2 )]]> 8.60±0.98 11.40±0.60* 32.56％ Number of ear rows (rows / plant) 16.80±0.37 17.00±0.32 1.19％ <![CDATA[Corn yield (kg / m 2 )]]> 1.18±0.16 2.09±0.15** 77.12％

[0073] Table 5 Comparison of nutritional quality of corn between experimental group and control group

[0074]

[0075] As shown in Tables 1 to 5 above, after the saline-alkali soil was improved, the values ​​of soil pH, salt content, electrical conductivity and other indicators characterizing salinization were significantly reduced; the soil bulk density was significantly reduced, and the total porosity was significantly increased, indicating that the soil water permeability was enhanced; the soil available phosphorus and available nitrogen were significantly increased, indicating that the saline-alkali soil conditioner improved the fertility of the saline-alkali soil; the soil quality comprehensive index SQI of comprehensive physical and chemical indicators was significantly improved, indicating that the saline-alkali soil conditioner improved the quality of the saline-alkali soil; the Shannon index of the soil microbial community, and the activities of soil urease and sucrase were significantly improved, indicating that the saline-alkali soil conditioner changed the structure of the soil microbial community and improved the diversity of the saline-alkali soil microbial community; after improvement, the corn yield was significantly increased, and the soluble sugar and VC content in the corn kernels were significantly increased.

[0076] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the relative abundance of Sinorhizobium meliloti and Bradyrhizobium sp, which have nitrogen fixation function, Hydrogenophaga sp.Pbc, which has salt and alkali reducing function, and Mycolicibacterium gilvum, which improves soil catalase activity, increased significantly in the improved saline-alkali soil; the expression levels of norB and GLUD1-2 genes related to the denitrification process in the unimproved sample plots were significantly higher than those in the improved sample plots, indicating that saline-alkali soil conditioners have potential application prospects in reducing greenhouse gas N2O emissions.

[0077] like Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the growth condition of corn in the improved saline-alkali land is significantly better than that in the unimproved land.

[0078] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A saline-alkali land improver based on ganoderma lucidum residue compost, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 500-700 parts of ganoderma lucidum residue compost and 25-50 parts of salt-alkali tolerant nitrogen-fixing bacteria agent.

2. The saline-alkali land improving agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ganoderma residue composting is aerobic composting of ganoderma residue.

3. The saline-alkali land improving agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The salt-alkali tolerant nitrogen-fixing bacteria agent comprises one or more of Paenibacillus mucilaginosus, Azotobacter chroococcu, Trichoderma harzianum and Azotobacter alinestris, and the total effective viable bacteria count of the salt-alkali tolerant nitrogen-fixing bacteria agent is 10 billion / g.

4. The method for preparing the saline-alkali land improving agent according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Ganoderma lucidum residue, crushing, adding water to adjust the humidity to 60-80%, to obtain pretreated Ganoderma lucidum residue; (2) The pretreated ganoderma residue obtained in step (1) is piled and compacted, covered with a fermentation film, and fermented until dark brown, thereby obtaining ganoderma residue compost; (3) The ganoderma residue compost obtained in step (2) is mixed with a salt-alkali tolerant nitrogen-fixing bacteria agent to obtain a saline-alkali land improver.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The crushing in step (1) controls the particle size to be 1 to 2 cm.

6. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The specifications of the stacking in step (2) are 8-20m×5-10m×2m.

7. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fermentation membrane in step (2) is a nano composting membrane.

8. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fermentation method in step (2) is aerobic fermentation, the fermentation temperature is 28-37° C., and the fermentation time is 45-55 days.

9. Use of the saline-alkali land improver according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or the saline-alkali land improver prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 4 to 8 in enhancing the fertility of saline-alkali land.

10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that: The saline-alkali land improver is spread on the surface of the saline-alkali land soil at a dosage of 1000 kg / mu, and the soil is rotary tilled to 30 cm. After one week, crops are planted.

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