Movable hydrogen liquefaction, storage and transfer injection integrated device

Abstract

The invention discloses a movable hydrogen liquefaction, storage and transfer injection integrated device, relates to the technical field of hydrogen energy storage, and aims to solve the problems that existing equipment cannot realize lossless storage of liquid hydrogen, cannot realize lossless pre-cooling and cannot be movably taken and used at any time. Comprising an external process pipeline, the external process pipeline comprises a gas inlet pipeline and a circulation loop, the gas inlet pipeline is connected with a liquid nitrogen precooling module, the liquid nitrogen precooling module is connected with a liquid hydrogen production storage tank, the liquid hydrogen production storage tank comprises a storage area and a refrigeration area, and the storage area is connected with a liquid hydrogen storage tank through a pipeline. According to the device, the liquid hydrogen can be stored in a lossless mode, rapid precooling can be achieved, waste of the hydrogen is reduced, and the liquid hydrogen can be taken and used at any time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen energy storage, and in particular to a mobile hydrogen liquefaction, storage and transfer integrated device. Background Art

[0002] At present, large-scale hydrogen liquefaction devices mainly use two methods: direct expansion refrigeration of hydrogen based on the Claude cycle and liquefaction of hydrogen using the helium expansion refrigeration cycle. Both methods rely on turbine expanders, which are also the main source of cooling capacity for the system to enter the 20K temperature zone. The turbine expansion refrigeration system is 50%-70% more efficient than the traditional JT throttling system. It has mature technology and is the mainstream choice for large-scale hydrogen liquefaction systems. Most of the current small-scale hydrogen liquefaction systems are based on GM refrigerators or liquid nitrogen + GM refrigerators, and the existing technology does not mention the issues of lossless hydrogen storage, liquid hydrogen transfer, mobility, and device pre-cooling.

[0003] The Chinese patent with publication number CN118669712A specifically relates to a zero-emission liquid hydrogen production and storage system and method. Although it relates to the production and storage of liquid hydrogen, it does not involve how to reduce the loss of liquid hydrogen reserves and cannot solve the above-mentioned problem. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention solves the problems that the current equipment cannot realize lossless storage of liquid hydrogen, lossless precooling and portable access for use, and proposes a portable hydrogen liquefaction, storage and transfer integrated device, which can store liquid hydrogen losslessly, realize rapid precooling, reduce hydrogen waste and realize the access and use of liquid hydrogen.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a movable integrated hydrogen liquefaction, storage and transfer device, including an external process pipeline, the external process pipeline includes an air intake pipeline and a circulation loop, the air intake pipeline is connected to a liquid nitrogen precooling module, the liquid nitrogen precooling module is connected to a liquid hydrogen production tank, the liquid hydrogen production tank includes a storage area and a refrigeration area, and the storage area is connected to a liquid hydrogen storage tank through a pipeline.

[0006] The device of the present technical solution mainly includes an external process pipeline, a liquid nitrogen precooling module, a liquid hydrogen production tank and a liquid hydrogen storage tank, which complete the processes of gas replacement, system precooling, hydrogen liquefaction and liquid hydrogen transfer in sequence, thereby realizing lossless precooling and lossless storage. The liquid hydrogen storage tank is movable, which can be separated from the entire system and has its own mobile device to realize the filling of external liquid hydrogen. It can realize the filling of liquid hydrogen to equipment that cannot be close to the small hydrogen liquefaction device, further realizing the hydrogen supply function for small and micro liquid hydrogen usage scenarios.

[0007] The present invention is further configured as follows: the refrigeration area includes a plurality of refrigeration modules connected end to end, the refrigeration module includes a low-temperature refrigerator and a heat exchanger, the cold head of the low-temperature refrigerator is connected to one end of the heat exchanger, and the other end of the heat exchanger is connected to the normal-para-hydrogen converter.

[0008] In the refrigeration area of ​​the present technical solution, multiple refrigeration modules are connected end to end. In one of the refrigeration modules, it is mainly composed of a low-temperature refrigerator and a heat exchanger, and the last heat exchanger is connected to the heat exchanger arranged in the storage area.

[0009] The present invention is further configured as follows: the storage area includes an open heat exchanger and a fifth normal-parahydrogen converter connected to the open heat exchanger, the open heat exchanger is exposed in the storage area, and the open heat exchanger is connected to a fifth low-temperature refrigerator.

[0010] In this technical solution, the open heat exchanger is welded to the cold head of the fifth cryogenic refrigerator, and the open heat exchanger is placed in the storage area, so as to realize the lossless storage of the liquid hydrogen production tank while liquefying the gaseous hydrogen in the gas phase space.

[0011] The present invention is further configured as follows: the liquid hydrogen storage tank includes a mobile liquid hydrogen storage and filling tank, one end of the mobile liquid hydrogen storage and filling tank is connected to a liquid hydrogen transfer hose, and the other end of the mobile liquid hydrogen storage and filling tank is connected to a liquid hydrogen vacuum bellows.

[0012] In this technical solution, the mobile liquid hydrogen storage and filling tanks are connected to the liquid hydrogen production tanks through liquid hydrogen vacuum bell-and-spigot pipes and liquid hydrogen transfer hoses, respectively, and can be quickly disassembled and installed.

[0013] The present invention is further configured as follows: the liquid nitrogen precooling module includes a liquid nitrogen precooling storage tank, a first normal para-hydrogen converter is arranged in the liquid nitrogen precooling storage tank, one end of the first normal para-hydrogen converter is connected to an air intake pipeline, and the other end of the first normal para-hydrogen converter is connected to a liquid hydrogen production storage tank.

[0014] In this technical solution, the first para-hydrogen converter is installed inside the liquid nitrogen pre-cooling tank and immersed in liquid nitrogen. After the hydrogen flows into the liquid nitrogen pre-cooling tank, it exchanges heat with the liquid nitrogen and completes the catalytic conversion of para-hydrogen in the liquid nitrogen temperature zone. The hydrogen flows out after the heat exchange.

[0015] The present invention is further configured as follows: the air intake pipeline includes a raw hydrogen unloading hose, the raw hydrogen unloading hose is connected to a pressure reducing valve, the other end of the pressure reducing valve is connected to a flow regulating valve, the other end of the flow regulating valve is connected to a hydrogen flow meter, and the other end of the hydrogen flow meter is connected to a liquid nitrogen pre-cooling module.

[0016] In the technical solution, a first stop valve and a second stop valve are provided between the raw hydrogen gas unloading hose and the pressure reducing valve, and the first stop valve is connected to the purge nitrogen gas source.

[0017] The present invention is further configured as follows: the circulation loop includes a low-temperature hydrogen circulation fan connected to the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the other end of the low-temperature hydrogen circulation fan is connected to the liquid hydrogen production tank.

[0018] In this technical solution, the circulation loop also includes a plurality of stop valves and a vacuum pump.

[0019] The present invention is further configured as follows: the mobile liquid hydrogen storage and filling tank is also connected to a first safety valve and a ninth stop valve respectively, and the first safety valve and the ninth stop valve are both connected to a first flame arrester.

[0020] The present invention is further configured as follows: the liquid hydrogen vacuum bell-and-spigot pipe comprises a liquid hydrogen vacuum bell-and-spigot pipe male head and a liquid hydrogen vacuum bell-and-spigot pipe female head, and the liquid hydrogen vacuum bell-and-spigot pipe female head and the liquid hydrogen vacuum bell-and-spigot pipe male head are embedded and connected and fixed with a fixing piece.

[0021] In the technical solution, the male head and the female head of the vacuum bell-and-spigot pipe can be connected by bolts or snaps, so that quick disassembly and installation can be achieved.

[0022] The present invention is further configured as follows: one end of the liquid hydrogen transfer hose 30 is connected to the pipeline where the eighth shut-off valve 31 is located through a flange, and the other end of the liquid hydrogen transfer hose 30 is connected to the pipeline where the seventh shut-off valve 29 is located through a flange.

[0023] In the technical solution, the liquid hydrogen transfer hose is connected to the flange of the inlet pipe of the eighth shut-off valve via a flange, which can be quickly disassembled and installed.

[0024] The technical solution of the present invention can bring the following beneficial effects: The present invention relates to a mobile hydrogen liquefaction, storage and transfer integrated device, which can store liquid hydrogen losslessly, realize rapid precooling, reduce hydrogen waste, and realize on-demand use of liquid hydrogen. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the mobile hydrogen liquefaction, storage and transfer integrated device of the present application.

[0026] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the liquid hydrogen production tank of the mobile hydrogen liquefaction, storage and transfer integrated device of the present application.

[0027] Figure 3 It is a partial cross-sectional view of the liquid hydrogen production tank of the mobile hydrogen liquefaction, storage and transfer integrated device of the present application.

[0028] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the interior of the liquid hydrogen production tank of the mobile hydrogen liquefaction, storage and transfer integrated device of the present application.

[0029] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the installed liquid hydrogen vacuum bell-and-spigot pipe of the movable hydrogen liquefaction, storage and transfer integrated device of the present application.

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the mobile hydrogen liquefaction, storage and transfer integrated device of the present application before installation.

[0031] Figure 7 It is a connection diagram of the liquid hydrogen transfer hose of the mobile hydrogen liquefaction, storage and transfer integrated device of the present application.

[0032] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the mobile liquid hydrogen storage and filling tank of the mobile hydrogen liquefaction, storage and transfer integrated device of the present application. Description of the drawings: 1. Raw hydrogen gas unloading hose 2. First stop valve 3. Second stop valve 4. Pressure reducing valve 5. Flow regulating valve 6. Hydrogen flow meter 7. Liquid nitrogen pre-cooling storage tank 8. First normal para-hydrogen converter 9. Third stop valve 10. First heat exchanger 11. Second normal para-hydrogen converter 12. Second heat exchanger 13. Third normal para-hydrogen converter 14. Third heat exchanger 15. Fourth normal para-hydrogen converter 16. Fourth heat exchanger 17. Open heat exchanger 18. Fifth normal para-hydrogen converter 19. First low-temperature refrigerator 20. Second low-temperature refrigerator 21. Third low-temperature refrigerator 22. Fourth low-temperature refrigerator 23. Fifth low-temperature refrigerator 24. Fourth stop valve 25. Fifth stop valve 26. Liquid hydrogen vacuum socket Pipe 27, sixth stop valve 28, mobile liquid hydrogen storage and filling tank 29, seventh stop valve 30, liquid hydrogen transfer hose 31, eighth stop valve 32, ninth stop valve 33, first safety valve 34, first flame arrester 35, tenth stop valve 36, eleventh stop valve 37, twelfth stop valve 38, low-temperature hydrogen circulation fan 39, thirteenth stop valve 40, second safety valve 41, fourteenth stop valve 42, fifteenth stop valve 43, third safety valve 44, second flame arrester 45, vacuum pump 46, storage area 47, refrigeration area 48, liquid hydrogen production tank 49, liquid hydrogen production tank partition 26-1, liquid hydrogen vacuum bell-and-spigot female end 26-2, liquid hydrogen vacuum bell-and-spigot male end. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific implementation method described herein is only an optimal embodiment of the present invention, which is only used to explain the present invention and does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] Hydrogen has played an increasingly important role in the construction of a low-carbon energy system in recent years due to its clean, efficient, high energy density, and easy conversion of energy forms. The currently widely used room temperature and high-pressure storage and transportation methods can no longer meet the needs of large-scale market applications of hydrogen energy in the future due to their low transportation efficiency, high transportation costs, and long refueling and injection time. Low-temperature storage and transportation technology has the advantages of high transportation efficiency, high safety, good hydrogen purity retention, low long-distance transportation costs, and short refueling and injection time. It is expected to grow into a core supporting technology for the storage and transportation links of the hydrogen energy industry chain, and have a decisive impact on the industrialization of hydrogen energy. Liquid hydrogen is a liquid obtained by cooling hydrogen, and the temperature of liquid hydrogen is -253°C, so hydrogen liquefaction equipment is needed to liquefy gaseous hydrogen into liquid hydrogen.

[0036] At present, large-scale hydrogen liquefaction equipment mainly adopts two methods: direct expansion refrigeration of hydrogen based on Claude cycle and liquefaction of hydrogen using helium expansion refrigeration cycle. Both methods rely on turbine expanders, which are also the main source of cooling capacity for the system to enter the 20K temperature zone. The turbine expansion refrigeration system is 50%-70% more efficient than the traditional JT throttling system, and the technology is mature, making it the mainstream choice for large-scale hydrogen liquefaction systems.

[0037] Most of the current small-scale hydrogen liquefaction systems are based on GM refrigerators or liquid nitrogen + GM refrigerators, and the existing technology does not mention the issues of lossless hydrogen storage, liquid hydrogen transfer, mobility, and device pre-cooling.

[0038] The existing technology mainly has the following disadvantages: 1. Currently, large-scale hydrogen liquefaction devices are all turbine expansion refrigeration systems. Due to their large size and expensive initial investment, they are generally installed as fixed facilities in hydrogen liquefaction plants. Their operation requires strict guarantee conditions. Systems that need to use liquid hydrogen can only obtain liquid hydrogen in hydrogen liquefaction plants, and cannot be used as mobile facilities to provide liquid hydrogen services for the distributed liquid hydrogen market. In addition, large-scale hydrogen liquefaction systems have high startup costs. For scenarios with a small amount of liquid hydrogen demand, the use of large-scale hydrogen liquefaction systems to supply hydrogen is less economical; 2. Cannot store without loss The existing liquid hydrogen storage system does not have the corresponding refrigeration equipment to maintain a low-temperature environment, which will cause a large amount of evaporation gas to be discharged outside the system through the safety release system, resulting in the loss of liquid hydrogen reserves; 3. Lossless precooling or rapid precooling cannot be achieved Small hydrogen liquefaction devices generally do not have pre-cooling medium circulation devices, and cannot achieve lossless or rapid pre-cooling of the device. Small hydrogen liquefaction devices rely solely on static pre-cooling of refrigerators. The medium in the system is not disturbed by distance, the heat transfer rate is slow, and the pre-cooling time is long. The pre-cooling system is slowly filled with liquid hydrogen. Due to the huge temperature difference during pre-cooling, a large amount of evaporated liquid hydrogen is discharged from the safety release device, resulting in a large amount of hydrogen waste.

[0039] Example 1 This embodiment proposes a portable hydrogen liquefaction, storage and transfer integrated device, refer to Figures 1 to 8 It mainly includes external process pipelines, liquid nitrogen precooling modules, liquid hydrogen production tanks 48 and liquid hydrogen storage tanks, wherein the external process pipelines mainly include air intake pipelines and circulation loops. Specifically, the air intake pipeline is connected to the liquid nitrogen precooling module; the liquid nitrogen precooling module is connected to the liquid hydrogen production tank 48, the liquid hydrogen production tank 48 includes a storage area 46 and a refrigeration area 47, and the storage area 46 is connected to the liquid hydrogen storage tank through pipelines.

[0040] In the present technical solution, the above-mentioned device can sequentially complete the processes of gas replacement, system precooling, hydrogen liquefaction and liquid hydrogen transfer, thereby realizing lossless precooling and lossless storage. The liquid hydrogen storage tank is movable, which can be separated from the entire system and has its own mobile device to realize external liquid hydrogen filling. It can realize the filling of liquid hydrogen to equipment that cannot be close to the small hydrogen liquefaction device, and further realize the hydrogen supply function for small liquid hydrogen usage scenarios.

[0041] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As for the refrigeration area 47, it mainly includes several refrigeration modules connected end to end, and the refrigeration module includes a low-temperature refrigerator and a heat exchanger. The cold head of the low-temperature refrigerator is connected to one end of the heat exchanger, and the other end of the heat exchanger is connected to the normal-para-hydrogen converter.

[0042] refer to Figure 3 A liquid hydrogen production tank partition 49 is provided between the storage area 46 and the refrigeration area 47. The storage area 46 and the refrigeration area 47 are separated by the liquid hydrogen production tank partition 49. For the arrangement and connection relationship of other components, please refer to Figure 4 As shown or refer to the subsequent description.

[0043] In this embodiment, the cryogenic refrigerator includes a first cryogenic refrigerator 19, a second cryogenic refrigerator 20, a third cryogenic refrigerator 21, and a fourth cryogenic refrigerator 22, and the heat exchanger mainly includes a first heat exchanger 10, a second heat exchanger 12, a third heat exchanger 14, and a fourth heat exchanger 16, and the normal para-hydrogen converter includes a second normal para-hydrogen converter 11, a third normal para-hydrogen converter 13, and a fourth normal para-hydrogen converter 15.

[0044] Among them, one end of the first heat exchanger 10 is connected to the liquid nitrogen pre-cooling module, the first heat exchanger 10 is connected to the cold head of the first cryogenic refrigerator 19, the other end of the first heat exchanger 10 is connected to the second normal para-hydrogen converter 11, the other end of the second normal para-hydrogen converter 11 is connected to the second heat exchanger 12, the second heat exchanger 12 is connected to the second cryogenic refrigerator 20, the other end of the second heat exchanger 12 is connected to the third normal para-hydrogen converter 13, the other end of the third normal para-hydrogen converter 13 is connected to the third heat exchanger 14, the third heat exchanger 14 is connected to the cold head of the third cryogenic refrigerator 21, the other end of the third heat exchanger 14 is connected to the fourth normal para-hydrogen converter 15, the other end of the fourth normal para-hydrogen converter 15 is connected to the fourth heat exchanger 16, the fourth heat exchanger 16 is connected to the cold head of the fourth cryogenic refrigerator 22, and the other end of the fourth heat exchanger 16 is connected to the fifth normal para-hydrogen converter 18.

[0045] In the refrigeration area of ​​the present technical solution, multiple refrigeration modules are connected end to end. In one of the refrigeration modules, it is mainly composed of a low-temperature refrigerator and a heat exchanger, and the last heat exchanger is connected to the heat exchanger arranged in the storage area.

[0046] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The storage area 46 includes an open heat exchanger 17 and a fifth normal-parahydrogen converter 18. The fifth normal-parahydrogen converter 18 is connected to the open heat exchanger 17. The open heat exchanger 17 is exposed in the storage area 46. The open heat exchanger 17 is connected to the fifth low-temperature refrigerator 23.

[0047] More specifically, one end of the fifth normal para-hydrogen converter 18 is connected to the fourth heat exchanger 16 in the refrigeration area 47, and the other end of the sixth normal para-hydrogen converter 18 is connected to the open heat exchanger 17. The open heat exchanger 17 and the sixth normal para-hydrogen converter 18 are both arranged in the storage area 46, and the open heat exchanger 17 is also connected to the fifth low-temperature refrigerator 23.

[0048] In this technical solution, the open heat exchanger 17 is welded to the cold head of the fifth cryogenic refrigerator 23, and the open heat exchanger 17 is placed in the storage area 46, so as to realize the lossless storage of the liquid hydrogen production tank 48 while liquefying the gaseous hydrogen in the gas phase space.

[0049] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 5The liquid hydrogen storage tank includes a mobile liquid hydrogen storage and filling tank 28, one end of the mobile liquid hydrogen storage and filling tank 28 is connected to a liquid hydrogen transfer hose 30, and the other end of the mobile liquid hydrogen storage and filling tank 28 is connected to a liquid hydrogen vacuum bell pipe 26.

[0050] In the present technical solution, the mobile liquid hydrogen storage and filling tank 28 is connected to the liquid hydrogen production tank 48 through the liquid hydrogen vacuum bell-and-spigot pipe 26 and the liquid hydrogen transfer hose 30, respectively, and can be quickly disassembled and installed.

[0051] The liquid hydrogen vacuum bell-and-spigot pipe 26 mainly includes a liquid hydrogen vacuum bell-and-spigot pipe male head 26-2 and a liquid hydrogen vacuum bell-and-spigot pipe female head 26-1 fixed to each other. The liquid hydrogen vacuum bell-and-spigot pipe female head 26-1 and the liquid hydrogen vacuum bell-and-spigot pipe male head 26-2 are embedded and connected and fixed with fixing parts.

[0052] refer to Figure 6 Before installation, the female end 26-1 of the liquid hydrogen vacuum bell-and-spigot pipe and the male end 26-2 of the liquid hydrogen vacuum bell-and-spigot pipe are separated from each other, and the male end and the female end correspond to each other, and a corresponding flow pipe is arranged inside the male end 26-2 of the liquid hydrogen vacuum bell-and-spigot pipe.

[0053] refer to Figure 5 After installation and fixation, the liquid hydrogen vacuum bell-and-spigot pipe female head 26-1 and the liquid hydrogen vacuum bell-and-spigot pipe male head 26-2 are fixed together. After the liquid hydrogen vacuum bell-and-spigot pipe female head 26-1 and the liquid hydrogen vacuum bell-and-spigot pipe male head 26-2 are matched, bolts or buckles can be used for fixed connection to achieve quick disassembly and installation.

[0054] refer to Figure 7 For the liquid hydrogen transfer hose 30, both ends thereof are connected to the pipeline where the eighth shut-off valve 31 is located and the pipeline where the seventh shut-off valve 29 is located. Specifically, one end of the liquid hydrogen transfer hose 30 is connected to the pipeline where the eighth shut-off valve 31 is located through a flange, and the other end of the liquid hydrogen transfer hose 30 is connected to the pipeline where the seventh shut-off valve 29 is located through a flange. The liquid hydrogen transfer hose 30 is connected to the flange of the inlet pipeline of the eighth shut-off valve 31 through a flange, which can achieve rapid disassembly and installation.

[0055] When the transfer is completed, the liquid hydrogen transfer hose 30 can be disconnected from the pipeline connected to the eighth shut-off valve 31, the male and female heads of the liquid hydrogen vacuum socket pipe 26 can be disconnected, and the mobile liquid hydrogen storage and filling tank 28 can be disconnected from the entire device to achieve free movement to external hydrogen-using equipment, and be connected to the hydrogen-using equipment through the liquid hydrogen transfer hose 30, and the residual pressure inside the mobile liquid hydrogen storage and filling tank 28 or its own booster pipeline can be used to increase the pressure for transfer.

[0056] refer to Figure 1The liquid nitrogen precooling module includes a liquid nitrogen precooling storage tank 7, in which a first normal-parahydrogen converter 8 is arranged. One end of the first normal-parahydrogen converter 8 is connected to the air intake pipeline, and the other end of the first normal-parahydrogen converter 8 is connected to the liquid hydrogen production storage tank 48.

[0057] In the present technical solution, the first normal-parahydrogen converter 8 is installed inside the liquid nitrogen precooling tank 7 and immersed in liquid nitrogen. After the hydrogen flows into the liquid nitrogen precooling tank 7, it exchanges heat with the liquid nitrogen and completes the catalytic conversion of normal-parahydrogen in the liquid nitrogen temperature zone. The hydrogen flows out after the heat exchange.

[0058] refer to Figure 1 The air inlet pipeline includes a raw hydrogen unloading hose 1, the raw hydrogen unloading hose 1 is connected to a pressure reducing valve 4, the other end of the pressure reducing valve 4 is connected to a flow regulating valve 5, the other end of the flow regulating valve 5 is connected to a hydrogen flow meter 6, and the other end of the hydrogen flow meter 6 is connected to a liquid nitrogen pre-cooling module.

[0059] In this embodiment, a first stop valve 2 and a second stop valve 3 are provided between the raw hydrogen gas discharge hose 1 and the pressure reducing valve 4. The first stop valve 2 is connected to the purge nitrogen gas source. The first stop valve 2 and the second stop valve 3 are connected to the raw hydrogen gas discharge hose 1, respectively.

[0060] The circulation loop includes a low-temperature hydrogen circulation fan 38 connected to the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the other end of the low-temperature hydrogen circulation fan 38 is connected to the liquid hydrogen production tank 48.

[0061] In this embodiment, the circulation loop further includes a plurality of stop valves and a vacuum pump, including an eighth stop valve 31 , a tenth stop valve 35 , an eleventh stop valve 36 , a twelfth stop valve 37 , a thirteenth stop valve 39 , a second safety valve 40 , a fourteenth stop valve 41 and a vacuum pump 45 .

[0062] One end of the eighth stop valve 31 is connected to the liquid hydrogen transfer hose 30, the other end of the eighth stop valve 31 is connected to the low-temperature hydrogen circulation fan 38, the other end of the low-temperature hydrogen circulation fan 38 is connected to the twelfth stop valve 37, the other end of the twelfth stop valve 37 is respectively connected to the liquid nitrogen pre-cooling module and the third stop valve 9, and the other end of the third stop valve 9 is connected to the first heat exchanger 10.

[0063] One end of the tenth stop valve 35 is connected to the fourth stop valve 24 . One end of the eleventh stop valve 36 is connected to the storage area 46 , and the other end of the eleventh stop valve 36 is connected to the fifth stop valve 25 . The other end of the fifth stop valve 25 is connected to the liquid hydrogen vacuum bell pipe 26 .

[0064] One end of the thirteenth stop valve 39 is connected to the low-temperature hydrogen circulation fan 38 , and the other end of the thirteenth stop valve 39 is connected to the second flame arrester 44 . One end of the second safety valve 40 is connected to the low-temperature hydrogen circulation fan 38 , and the other end of the second safety valve 40 is connected to the second flame arrester 44 .

[0065] One end of the vacuum pump 45 is connected to the fourteenth stop valve 41 , the other end of the fourteenth stop valve 41 is connected to the eleventh stop valve 36 , and the other end of the vacuum pump 45 is connected to the second flame arrester 44 .

[0066] In addition, the storage area 46 is also connected to the third safety valve 43, and the third safety valve 43 is also connected to the second flame arrester 44 and the fifteenth stop valve 42 respectively.

[0067] The mobile liquid hydrogen storage and filling tank 28 is also connected to a first safety valve 33 and a ninth stop valve 32 , respectively. The first safety valve 33 and the ninth stop valve 32 are both connected to a first flame arrester 34 .

[0068] For more detailed connection relationships, please refer to Figure 1 , I will not go into details here.

[0069] The implementation steps of the above device are described here: Before being put into use, the air in the device needs to be replaced with inert gas nitrogen. After the device is filled with nitrogen, the nitrogen needs to be replaced with hydrogen. After the replacement is completed, the device can enter the precooling stage. When the device is precooled, the hydrogen liquefaction process can start. The storage area 46 is the initial storage area for the produced liquid hydrogen. When liquid hydrogen needs to be transferred to the outside, the liquid hydrogen in the storage area 46 can be transferred to the mobile liquid hydrogen storage and filling tank 28. The mobile liquid hydrogen storage and filling tank 28 can be quickly disassembled from the entire device to further transfer liquid hydrogen to the outside. The detailed process is described below.

[0070] Step 1: Gas Replacement The purge nitrogen gas source is connected to the first stop valve 2, and the raw hydrogen gas unloading hose 1 is connected to the hydrogen gas source. The present invention is provided with a pressure reducing valve 4 at the gas inlet, and the pressure before the valve is 1-35MPa. It has good compatibility with the gas source pressures of the raw gas and the purge gas. When the air in the device is replaced by nitrogen, the vacuum pump 45 is used to evacuate the entire device. After reaching a certain vacuum degree, for example, a negative pressure of 0.1MPa, high-purity nitrogen gas is then flushed into the device through the first stop valve 2 to restore the system pressure to 0.1Mpa. The above actions are repeated until the oxygen content in the sample gas taken out from the device is ≤0.5%, and the nitrogen replacement is completed. Then the nitrogen in the device is replaced by hydrogen, and the system is evacuated by the vacuum pump 45. After reaching a certain vacuum degree, for example, a negative pressure of 0.1MPa, the system is filled with hydrogen through the raw hydrogen gas unloading hose 1 to restore the system pressure to 0.1Mpa. The above actions are repeated until the nitrogen content in the hydrogen in the system is ≤100ppm, and the hydrogen replacement is completed.

[0071] Step 2: System precooling After the gas replacement is completed, the refrigerator is turned on, including the first low-temperature refrigerator 19, the second low-temperature refrigerator 20, the third low-temperature refrigerator 21, the fourth low-temperature refrigerator 22, the fifth low-temperature refrigerator 23, and the low-temperature hydrogen circulation fan 38. During the precooling process, the hydrogen density in the pipeline will increase and the pressure will decrease. It is necessary to adjust the second stop valve 3 and the flow regulating valve 5 to add a certain amount of hydrogen to the device to keep the surface pressure in the device at about 0.1MPa. The present invention can realize precooling of different devices. When it is necessary to precool the storage area 46 and the refrigeration area 47, the third stop valve 9-the first heat exchanger 10-the second normal-parahydrogen converter 11-the second heat exchanger 12-the third normal-parahydrogen converter 13-the third heat exchanger The cooling unit 10 is pre-cooled by a loop consisting of a heat exchanger 14-a fourth normal-para-hydrogen converter 15-a fourth heat exchanger 16-a fifth normal-para-hydrogen converter 18-a storage area 46-a fourth stop valve 24-a tenth stop valve 35-a low-temperature hydrogen circulation fan 38-a twelfth stop valve 37-a third stop valve 9, or pre-cooled by a loop consisting of a third stop valve 9-a first heat exchanger 10-a second normal-para-hydrogen converter 11-a second heat exchanger 12-a third normal-para-hydrogen converter 13-a third heat exchanger 14-a fourth normal-para-hydrogen converter 15-a fourth heat exchanger 16-a fifth normal-para-hydrogen converter 18-a storage area 46-a eleventh stop valve 36-a tenth stop valve 35-a low-temperature hydrogen circulation fan 38-a twelfth stop valve 37-a third stop valve 9. When the cooling unit 10 is pre-cooled by a loop consisting of a heat exchanger 14-a fourth normal-para-hydrogen converter 15-a fourth heat exchanger 16-a fifth normal-para-hydrogen converter 18-a storage area 46-a eleventh stop valve 36-a tenth stop valve 35-a low-temperature hydrogen circulation fan 38-a twelfth stop valve 37-a third stop valve 9, When precooling the storage area 46, the refrigeration area 47, the mobile liquid hydrogen storage and filling tank 28 and its accessories, precooling can be performed through a loop consisting of the third stop valve 9-the first heat exchanger 10-the second normal-para-hydrogen converter 11-the second heat exchanger 12-the third normal-para-hydrogen converter 13-the third heat exchanger 14-the fourth normal-para-hydrogen converter 15-the fourth heat exchanger 16-the fifth normal-para-hydrogen converter 18-the storage area 46-the fourth stop valve 24-the fifth stop valve 25-the liquid hydrogen vacuum bell pipe 26-the sixth stop valve 27-the mobile liquid hydrogen storage and filling tank 28-the seventh stop valve 29-the liquid hydrogen transfer hose 30-the eighth stop valve 31-the low-temperature hydrogen circulation fan 38-the twelfth stop valve 37-the third stop valve 9 , or precooling is performed through a loop consisting of the third stop valve 9-the first heat exchanger 10-the second normal para-hydrogen converter 11-the second heat exchanger 12-the third normal para-hydrogen converter 13-the third heat exchanger 14-the fourth normal para-hydrogen converter 15-the fourth heat exchanger 16-the fifth normal para-hydrogen converter 18-the storage area 46-the eleventh stop valve 36-the fifth stop valve 25-the liquid hydrogen vacuum bell pipe 26-the sixth stop valve 27-the mobile liquid hydrogen storage and filling tank 28-the seventh stop valve 29-the liquid hydrogen transfer hose 30-the eighth stop valve 31-the low-temperature hydrogen circulation fan 38-the twelfth stop valve 37-the third stop valve 9. When there is liquid hydrogen in the storage area 46 and the mobile liquid hydrogen storage and filling tank 28 and its accessories need to be precooled separately,Precooling can be performed through a loop consisting of the third stop valve 9-first heat exchanger 10-second normal para-hydrogen converter 11-second heat exchanger 12-third normal para-hydrogen converter 13-third heat exchanger 14-fourth normal para-hydrogen converter 15-fourth heat exchanger 16-fifth normal para-hydrogen converter 18-storage area 46-eleventh stop valve 36-fifth stop valve 25-liquid hydrogen vacuum bell pipe 26-sixth stop valve 27-mobile liquid hydrogen storage and filling tank 28-seventh stop valve 29-liquid hydrogen transfer hose 30-eighth stop valve 31-low-temperature hydrogen circulation fan 38-twelfth stop valve 37-third stop valve 9.

[0072] Step 3: Hydrogen liquefaction process The working pressure of the liquefaction process is 0.1MPa, and the hydrogen liquefaction capacity is 200L / d. When liquefaction begins, the raw hydrogen enters the device through the raw hydrogen unloading hose 1, passes through the second stop valve 3, the pressure reducing valve 4, the flow regulating valve 5, and the hydrogen flowmeter 6 in sequence, and enters the liquid nitrogen pre-cooling storage tank 7. The first normal para-hydrogen converter 8 is installed inside the liquid nitrogen pre-cooling storage tank 7 and immersed in liquid nitrogen. The hydrogen flows into the liquid nitrogen pre-cooling storage tank 7 through the pipeline, exchanges heat with the liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen pre-cooling storage tank 7, and completes the catalytic conversion of normal para-hydrogen in the liquid nitrogen temperature zone in the first normal para-hydrogen converter 8. The hydrogen after heat exchange flows out of the liquid nitrogen pre-cooling storage tank 7, flows into the liquid hydrogen production storage tank 48 through the third stop valve 9, and passes through the first heat exchanger 10, the second normal para-hydrogen converter 11, the second heat exchanger 12, the third normal para-hydrogen converter 13, the third heat exchanger 14, the fourth normal para-hydrogen converter 15, and the fourth heat exchanger in sequence through the hydrogen pipeline. The first heat exchanger 10, the second heat exchanger 12, the third heat exchanger 14, and the fourth heat exchanger 16 are closed heat exchangers. The heat exchangers are connected to the cold heads of the first low-temperature refrigerator 19, the second low-temperature refrigerator 20, the third low-temperature refrigerator 21, and the fourth low-temperature refrigerator 22 to obtain cold energy. The hydrogen flows through the heat exchanger through the gas channel inside the heat exchanger to realize heat exchange. The open heat exchanger 17 is a finned open heat exchanger, which is connected to the cold head of the fifth low-temperature refrigerator 23 to obtain cold energy and is exposed to the gas phase space of the storage area 46 to realize heat exchange with the hydrogen in the gas phase space and realize liquefaction of the hydrogen.

[0073] The first normal-para-hydrogen converter 8 and the fifth normal-para-hydrogen converter 18 are isothermal conversions, the second normal-para-hydrogen converter 11, the third normal-para-hydrogen converter 13, and the fourth normal-para-hydrogen converter 15 are adiabatic conversions, and the normal-para-hydrogen converter is filled with a normal-para-hydrogen catalyst, which has the function of accelerating the conversion of orthohydrogen in the raw hydrogen into parahydrogen during the cooling process, so that the normal-para-hydrogen reaches an equilibrium state as soon as possible, so as to prevent the liquid hydrogen from being gasified due to the conversion heat of normal-para-hydrogen.

[0074] Step 4: Liquid hydrogen injection refer to Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 8 When the liquid hydrogen in the storage area 46 is stored to a certain extent (the designed liquid storage volume in the storage area 46 is 1m³), when it needs to be transferred to the mobile liquid hydrogen storage and filling tank 28, ensure that the liquid hydrogen vacuum bell-and-spigot pipe 26 is in a connected state, and use the pressure difference between the storage area 46 and the mobile liquid hydrogen storage and filling tank 28 to transfer liquid hydrogen to the mobile liquid hydrogen storage and filling tank 28. For example, the pressure difference can be obtained by injecting raw hydrogen into the storage area 46 to increase the pressure in the storage area 46. When the transfer is completed, the liquid hydrogen transfer hose 30 can be disconnected from the pipeline connected to the eighth shut-off valve 31, the male and female heads of the vacuum bell-and-spigot pipe 26 are disconnected, and the mobile liquid hydrogen storage and filling tank 28 can be disconnected from the entire device to achieve free movement to external hydrogen-using equipment, and be connected to the hydrogen-using equipment through the liquid hydrogen transfer hose 30, and use the residual pressure inside the mobile liquid hydrogen storage and filling tank 28 or its own booster pipeline to increase the pressure for transfer.

[0075] refer to Figure 8 A corresponding forklift slot and four pulleys are provided below the mobile liquid hydrogen storage and filling tank 28, so that the tank body can be moved with the help of a forklift or with the help of pulleys.

[0076] In this embodiment, multiple low-temperature refrigerators are used for closed heat exchange. The cold head and heat exchanger of the low-temperature refrigerator are isolated by a separate vacuum chamber, with small cold loss and high cooling efficiency. Hydrogen flows through in sequence in a step-by-step manner to ensure that the cooling capacity of the refrigerator is maximized in the high-temperature zone. The combination of the cold box and the storage tank avoids cold loss.

[0077] In this embodiment, a refrigerator heat exchanger is installed in the gas phase space of the storage area. When the liquid hydrogen in the storage area needs to be stored losslessly, the fifth low-temperature refrigerator is turned on to refrigerate the space in the storage area, so that the liquid hydrogen is in a zero-evaporation state, thereby realizing lossless storage of the liquid hydrogen.

[0078] In this embodiment, when there is no liquid nitrogen filling condition at the production site and there is no liquid nitrogen heat exchange in the first normal-parahydrogen converter, the flow rate is adjusted accordingly through the flow control valve. Under another working condition, this embodiment can realize hydrogen liquefaction without liquid nitrogen.

[0079] In this embodiment, the air intake rate can be controlled by the opening of the flow control valve, and the pressure behind the pressure reducing valve can be used to control the liquefaction working pressure of the device, thereby changing the saturated pressure of hydrogen and the cooling capacity required for liquefying hydrogen per unit mass, and the opening and closing adjustment and power adjustment of the low-temperature refrigerator to achieve the adjustment of the hydrogen liquefaction capacity.

[0080] In this embodiment, the liquid hydrogen production tank and the mobile liquid hydrogen storage tank are connected by a liquid hydrogen vacuum bell-and-spigot pipe, and during transfer, heat leakage is smaller than that of a traditional vacuum hose connection.

[0081] In this embodiment, the design of the liquid hydrogen vacuum bell-and-spigot pipe and the liquid hydrogen transfer hose can separate the mobile liquid hydrogen storage and filling tank from the device and become an independent liquid hydrogen storage and transfer device.

[0082] In this embodiment, the mobile liquid hydrogen storage and filling tank is equipped with a mobile device, which can realize hydrogenation of equipment that cannot be close to the small hydrogen liquefaction device.

[0083] In this embodiment, a low-temperature hydrogen circulation fan is provided to allow the low-temperature hydrogen to circulate continuously in the hydrogen production and storage device, thereby reducing the temperature in the device to a condition where liquid hydrogen can be produced and stored. There is no loss of hydrogen in this process, and the precooling speed is faster than that of a traditional static precooling system that relies solely on a refrigerator, and the hydrogen loss is smaller than that of a precooling system that slowly fills with liquid hydrogen.

[0084] In this embodiment, the mobile liquid hydrogen storage and filling tank is equipped with a self-pressurizing device, which can realize the transfer of liquid hydrogen to the outside.

[0085] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that any modification or equivalent replacement of the technical solutions of the present invention does not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention and should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mobile hydrogen liquefaction, storage and transfer integrated device, characterized in that: The invention comprises an external process pipeline, wherein the external process pipeline comprises an air inlet pipeline and a circulation loop, wherein the air inlet pipeline is connected to a liquid nitrogen precooling module, wherein the liquid nitrogen precooling module is connected to a liquid hydrogen production tank (48), wherein the liquid hydrogen production tank (48) comprises a storage area (46) and a refrigeration area (47), and wherein the storage area (46) is connected to a liquid hydrogen storage tank via a pipeline.

2. The portable hydrogen liquefaction, storage and transfer integrated device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The refrigeration area (47) includes a plurality of refrigeration modules connected end to end, wherein the refrigeration module includes a low-temperature refrigerator and a heat exchanger, wherein the cold head of the low-temperature refrigerator is connected to one end of the heat exchanger, and the other end of the heat exchanger is connected to the normal-para-hydrogen converter.

3. The portable integrated hydrogen liquefaction, storage and transfer device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The storage area (46) includes an open heat exchanger (17) and a fifth normal-parahydrogen converter (18) connected to the open heat exchanger (17); the open heat exchanger (17) is exposed to the storage area (46); and the open heat exchanger (17) is connected to a fifth low-temperature refrigerator (23).

4. The portable hydrogen liquefaction, storage and transfer integrated device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The liquid hydrogen storage tank comprises a mobile liquid hydrogen storage and filling tank (28), one end of the mobile liquid hydrogen storage and filling tank (28) is connected to a liquid hydrogen transfer hose (30), and the other end of the mobile liquid hydrogen storage and filling tank (28) is connected to a liquid hydrogen vacuum bell-and-spigot pipe (26).

5. The mobile hydrogen liquefaction, storage and transfer integrated device according to claim 1, 2 or 4, characterized in that: The liquid nitrogen precooling module comprises a liquid nitrogen precooling storage tank (7), a first normal-parahydrogen converter (8) is arranged in the liquid nitrogen precooling storage tank (7), one end of the first normal-parahydrogen converter (8) is connected to an air intake pipeline, and the other end of the first normal-parahydrogen converter (8) is connected to a liquid hydrogen production storage tank (48).

6. The portable integrated hydrogen liquefaction, storage and transfer device according to claim 1, 2 or 4, characterized in that: The air inlet pipeline comprises a raw hydrogen gas unloading hose (1), the raw hydrogen gas unloading hose (1) is connected to a pressure reducing valve (4), the other end of the pressure reducing valve (4) is connected to a flow regulating valve (5), the other end of the flow regulating valve (5) is connected to a hydrogen flow meter (6), and the other end of the hydrogen flow meter (6) is connected to a liquid nitrogen precooling module.

7. The portable integrated hydrogen liquefaction, storage and transfer device according to claim 1, 2 or 4, characterized in that: The circulation loop comprises a low-temperature hydrogen circulation fan (38) connected to the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the other end of the low-temperature hydrogen circulation fan (38) is connected to the liquid hydrogen production tank (48).

8. The portable integrated hydrogen liquefaction, storage and transfer device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The mobile liquid hydrogen storage and filling tank (28) is also respectively connected to a first safety valve (33) and a ninth stop valve (32), and the first safety valve (33) and the ninth stop valve (32) are both connected to a first flame arrester (34).

9. The portable integrated hydrogen liquefaction, storage and transfer device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The liquid hydrogen vacuum bell-and-spigot pipe (26) comprises a liquid hydrogen vacuum bell-and-spigot pipe male head (26-2) and a liquid hydrogen vacuum bell-and-spigot pipe female head (26-1), and the liquid hydrogen vacuum bell-and-spigot pipe female head (26-1) and the liquid hydrogen vacuum bell-and-spigot pipe male head (26-2) are embedded and connected and fixed by a fixing piece.

10. The portable integrated hydrogen liquefaction, storage and transfer device according to claim 4, characterized in that: One end of the liquid hydrogen transfer hose (30) is connected to the pipeline where the eighth stop valve (31) is located through a flange, and the other end of the liquid hydrogen transfer hose (30) is connected to the pipeline where the seventh stop valve (29) is located through a flange.

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