A construction engineering sampling device

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of sampling for construction projects, and in particular to a sampling device for construction projects, comprising: a drilling sampling mechanism, the drilling sampling mechanism comprising a sampling tube for drilling sampling, a drilling head for drilling sampling, a mounting head detachably provided on the top thread of the sampling tube, a lifting plate rotatably connected to the top of the mounting head, a motor for driving the mounting head to rotate fixedly connected to the top of the lifting plate, and an electric hydraulic telescopic rod fixedly connected to the top of the lifting plate. The hardness of the soil is monitored in real time by a hardness detection component. When the soil becomes hard, the drilling head is squeezed to cause the moving block to squeeze the hydraulic oil into the detection chamber, and the liquid level meter transmits the liquid level signal to the PLC controller; when the soil becomes soft, the arc spring pushes the adjustment block to drive the conductive sheet to slide on the resistance plate, and the changed sliding rheostat current is detected by the PLC controller.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of construction engineering sampling, and in particular to a construction engineering sampling device. Background Art

[0002] Before starting construction of a building project, an extremely critical task is to conduct a comprehensive sampling and analysis of the geology of the area to be constructed. The purpose is to accurately grasp the geological conditions in advance, such as the type, hardness, bearing capacity of the soil, the height of the groundwater level, whether there are faults and other potential risk factors. Only by understanding this information in detail can the construction team reasonably select appropriate construction equipment based on scientific basis in the subsequent construction process. For example, a geological survey and detection sampling device for building foundation pile engineering disclosed in application number CN202410852169.3 conducts soil sampling and testing in the construction area of ​​the foundation pile.

[0003] At present, common geological sampling devices have limitations in operation. Their drilling systems can only operate continuously at a single, fixed speed parameter. At the same time, the axial pressure applied to the drill bit is also kept constant. In this mode, the drill bit cuts into the soil to perform a coring operation, prompting the soil sample to gradually enter the drill barrel to complete the collection. During the drilling sampling process, the hardness of the soil at the bottom cannot be known in advance. Therefore, in the face of soils with different hardness, a single speed and pressure cannot be reasonably matched, which will consume a lot of time and energy and reduce the overall sampling efficiency.

[0004] In addition, gravel and some hard foreign objects may be encountered during the sampling process, which may cause great damage to the drill bit. However, the existing solution is usually to replace the drill bit, which may interrupt the sampling work, especially under tight construction schedule, which may seriously affect the progress of the project. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a construction engineering sampling device, which can effectively solve the problems that the prior art cannot adaptively adjust the rotation speed and pressure of drilling sampling according to the actual geological conditions and cannot automatically replace the drilling head when encountering hard foreign objects.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a construction engineering sampling device, comprising:

[0008] A drilling sampling mechanism, the drilling sampling mechanism comprises a sampling barrel for drilling sampling and a drilling head for drilling sampling, the top thread of the sampling barrel is detachably provided with a mounting head, the top end of the mounting head is rotatably connected to a lifting plate, the top end of the lifting plate is fixedly connected to a motor for driving the mounting head to rotate, and the top end of the lifting plate is fixedly connected to an electric hydraulic telescopic rod;

[0009] The adaptive adjustment mechanism includes a hardness detection component for detecting soil hardness, the hardness detection component includes two symmetrical detection grooves opened at the bottom of the sampling tube, the inner wall of the detection groove is airtightly slidably connected with a moving block, hydraulic oil is poured between the moving block and the detection groove, the adaptive adjustment mechanism also includes a drill bit detection component and a drill bit replacement component for detecting a drilling head, and the drilling head is fixedly connected to the two moving blocks.

[0010] Preferably, the drilling sampling mechanism also includes two symmetrical sliding rods that slide through the lifting plate, the bottom end of the sliding rod is fixedly connected to a fixed plate, the top end of the fixed plate is fixedly connected to a support plate, the top end of the support plate is fixedly connected to a mounting plate, the outer wall of the support plate is provided with a sliding groove, the inner wall of the sliding groove is slidably connected to a sliding block, the other end of the sliding block is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the lifting plate, the bottom end of the fixed plate is provided with a drilling opening for the sampling tube to pass through, the top end of the support plate is provided with a telescopic opening, the inner wall of the telescopic opening is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the fixed end of the electric hydraulic telescopic rod.

[0011] Preferably, the hardness detection component also includes a detection cavity opened inside the sampling tube, a connecting port is opened between the detection cavity and the detection groove, a first electromagnetic pressure valve is arranged inside the connecting port, two symmetrical electric telescopic rods are fixedly connected to the inner top wall of the detection cavity, the telescopic ends of the two electric telescopic rods are commonly fixedly connected to an extrusion ring, a plurality of air vents are opened at the top of the extrusion ring, and a one-way valve is arranged in the air vent, two symmetrical detection ports are opened at the top of the extrusion ring, two liquid level gauges that are respectively in sliding contact with the two detection ports are fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the detection cavity, and the electrical signals of the liquid level gauge, the motor, the electric hydraulic telescopic rod, the electric telescopic rod, and the first electromagnetic pressure valve are connected to the PLC controller to form an adaptive regulation loop.

[0012] Preferably, the drill bit detection assembly includes two symmetrical first adjustment cavities opened on the inner bottom wall of the drilling head, the inner top wall of the first adjustment cavity is fixedly connected with a variable electromagnetic plate, the bottom end of the variable electromagnetic plate is fixedly connected with two symmetrical elastic plastic telescopic rods, the telescopic ends of the two elastic plastic telescopic rods in each first adjustment cavity are commonly fixedly connected with a permanent magnetic plate, the variable electromagnetic plate is adsorbed or repelled by the permanent magnetic plate, the bottom end of the permanent magnetic plate is fixedly connected with a limit block slidably connected to the inner wall of the first adjustment cavity, and the bottom end of the limit block is fixedly connected with a connecting ring.

[0013] Preferably, two symmetrical first resistance grooves are provided at the bottom end of the connecting ring, and the inner top wall of each of the first resistance grooves is fixedly connected with a resistor plate, the bottom end of the resistor plate is in sliding contact with a conductive sheet, the bottom end of the conductive sheet is fixedly connected with an adjustment block slidably connected to the inner wall of the first resistance groove, the adjustment block is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the first resistance groove with an arc spring, the bottom end of the adjustment block is fixedly connected with the first drill ring teeth, the conductive sheet, the resistor plate and the PLC controller are electrically connected to form a first detection circuit, the conductive sheet and the resistor plate constitute a sliding rheostat, and during the sliding process of the conductive sheet on the resistor plate in the direction opposite to the rotation direction, the resistance of the sliding rheostat in the first detection circuit gradually increases.

[0014] Preferably, two symmetrical second adjustment cavities are provided at the bottom end of the drilling head, and the inner top wall of each of the second adjustment cavities is fixedly connected with an elastic telescopic rod, the telescopic end of the elastic telescopic rod is fixedly connected with a push-out block slidably connected to the second adjustment cavity, and the top of the push-out block is fixedly connected with a detection ring.

[0015] Preferably, two symmetrical second resistance grooves are opened at the bottom end of the detection ring, the inner walls of the second resistance grooves are slidably connected with an extrusion block, the bottom end of the extrusion block is fixedly connected with a second drill ring tooth, and the inner wall of the second resistance groove is embedded with a pressure sensor, and the pressure sensor is electrically connected to the PLC controller to form a second detection circuit.

[0016] Preferably, the drill bit replacement assembly includes a connecting port opened between the second regulating chamber and the first regulating chamber, a second solenoid pressure valve is arranged in the connecting port, hydraulic oil exists in the second regulating chamber or the first regulating chamber, and the PLC controller is electrically connected to the variable solenoid plate and the second solenoid pressure valve to form a replacement circuit.

[0017] Compared with the known prior art, the technical solution provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] The hardness detection component is used to monitor the soil hardness in real time. When the soil becomes hard, the drilling head is squeezed to cause the moving block to squeeze the hydraulic oil into the detection chamber, and the liquid level meter transmits the liquid level signal to the PLC controller; when the soil becomes soft, the arc spring pushes the adjustment block to drive the conductive sheet to slide on the resistance plate, and the changed sliding rheostat current is detected by the PLC controller. Based on the detection results, the PLC controller makes corresponding adjustments. When the soil becomes hard, the electric telescopic rod is controlled to squeeze the hydraulic oil back, increase the preset value of the first electromagnetic pressure valve and reduce the motor speed; when the soil becomes soft, the motor speed is increased, thereby achieving the ability to adaptively adjust the sampling speed and pressure according to the soil hardness, improve sampling efficiency, reduce energy consumption, and extend the service life of the equipment.

[0019] When encountering gravel or hard foreign objects causing the rotation speed of the first drill ring gear to slow down, and the PLC controller can detect the current change of the sliding rheostat and no level meter signal, at this time, the PLC controller immediately changes the power supply direction of the variable electromagnetic plate and opens the second electromagnetic pressure valve, allowing the first drill ring gear to move down, and the hydraulic oil enters the second regulating chamber, thereby pushing the second drill ring gear to crush the foreign objects. After the foreign objects are crushed, the pressure measured by the pressure sensor becomes smaller, and the PLC controller operates in the opposite direction to reset the first drill ring gear, and the second drill ring gear resets by its own elastic force, and closes the second electromagnetic pressure valve at the same time. Therefore, when encountering gravel or hard foreign objects, the drill ring gear can be automatically replaced without interrupting the sampling work, reducing drill bit damage, improving sampling efficiency, and avoiding affecting the progress of the project. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention from another angle;

[0023] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a part of the sampling tube of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a section of a sampling tube of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 The cross-sectional three-dimensional structure diagram of the drilling head of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ;

[0026] Figure 6 The cross-sectional three-dimensional structure diagram of the drilling head of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 ;

[0027] Figure 7 The cross-sectional three-dimensional structure diagram of the drilling head of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 3 ;

[0028] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the sampling tube of the present invention.

[0029] Figure numerals: 1. Drilling sampling mechanism; 11. Sampling tube; 12. Drilling head; 13. Mounting head; 14. Lifting plate; 15. Motor; 16. Electric hydraulic telescopic rod; 17. Sliding rod; 18. Fixed plate; 19. Support plate; 110. Mounting plate; 111. Sliding groove; 112. Sliding block; 113. Drilling opening; 114. Telescopic opening; 2. Self-adaptive adjustment mechanism; 21. Hardness detection component; 211. Detection groove; 212. Moving block; 213. Detection cavity; 214. Connecting port; 215. First electromagnetic pressure valve; 216. Electric telescopic rod; 217. Extrusion ring; 218. Vent; 219. Detection port; 2110. Liquid level meter ; 22. Drill bit detection assembly; 221. First adjustment chamber; 222. Variable electromagnetic plate; 223. Elastic plastic telescopic rod; 224. Permanent magnet plate; 225. Connecting ring; 226. First resistance groove; 227. Resistance plate; 228. Conductive sheet; 229. Adjusting block; 2210. Arc spring; 2211. First drill ring tooth; 2212. Second adjustment chamber; 2213. Elastic telescopic rod; 2214. Pushing block; 2215. Detection ring; 2216. Second resistance groove; 2217. Extrusion block; 2218. Second drill ring tooth; 2219. Limiting block; 23. Drill bit replacement assembly; 231. Connecting port; 232. Second electromagnetic pressure valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0032] Example: Refer to Figures 1 to 8 , a construction engineering sampling device, comprising:

[0033] The soil is sampled and tested by the drilling sampling mechanism 1, refer to Figures 1 to 3The drilling sampling mechanism 1 comprises a sampling barrel 11 for drilling sampling and a drilling head 12 for drilling sampling. The top thread of the sampling barrel 11 is detachably provided with a mounting head 13. The top of the mounting head 13 is rotatably connected to a lifting plate 14. The top of the lifting plate 14 is fixedly connected to a motor 15 for driving the mounting head 13 to rotate. The top of the lifting plate 14 is fixedly connected to an electric hydraulic telescopic rod 16.

[0034] Among them, the drilling sampling mechanism 1 also includes two symmetrical sliding rods 17 that slide through the lifting plate 14, the bottom end of the sliding rod 17 is fixedly connected to a fixed plate 18, the top of the fixed plate 18 is fixedly connected to a support plate 19, the top of the support plate 19 is fixedly connected to a mounting plate 110, the outer wall of the support plate 19 is provided with a sliding groove 111, the inner wall of the sliding groove 111 is slidably connected with a sliding block 112, the other end of the sliding block 112 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the lifting plate 14, the bottom end of the fixed plate 18 is provided with a drilling opening 113 for the sampling tube 11 to pass through, the top of the support plate 19 is provided with a telescopic opening 114, and the inner wall of the telescopic opening 114 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the fixed end of the electric hydraulic telescopic rod 16.

[0035] The sampling speed and pressure are adaptively adjusted according to the soil conditions during the sampling process by the adaptive adjustment mechanism 2. Figures 4 to 8 , the adaptive adjustment mechanism 2, the adaptive adjustment mechanism 2 includes a hardness detection component 21 for detecting soil hardness, the hardness detection component 21 includes two symmetrical detection grooves 211 opened at the bottom of the sampling tube 11, the inner wall of the detection groove 211 is airtightly slidably connected with a moving block 212, and hydraulic oil is poured between the moving block 212 and the detection groove 211. The adaptive adjustment mechanism 2 also includes a drill bit detection component 22 and a drill bit replacement component 23 for detecting the drilling head 12, and the drilling head 12 is fixedly connected to the two moving blocks 212.

[0036] Through the following specific structure, the hardness of the soil is detected in real time, refer to Figure 4 , Figure 8The hardness detection assembly 21 also includes a detection chamber 213 opened inside the sampling tube 11, a communication port 214 is opened between the detection chamber 213 and the detection slot 211, a first electromagnetic pressure valve 215 is arranged inside the communication port 214, two symmetrical electric telescopic rods 216 are fixedly connected to the inner top wall of the detection chamber 213, and the telescopic ends of the two electric telescopic rods 216 are fixedly connected to a squeeze ring 217, a plurality of vents 218 are opened on the top of the squeeze ring 217, and a one-way valve is arranged in the vent 218, and the squeeze ring 217 is pressed. Two symmetrical detection ports 219 are provided at the top of the ring 217, and the inner bottom wall of the detection cavity 213 is fixedly connected with two liquid level gauges 2110 which are in sliding contact with the two detection ports 219 respectively. The liquid level gauge 2110, the motor 15, the electric hydraulic telescopic rod 16, the electric telescopic rod 216, and the first electromagnetic pressure valve 215 are electrically connected to the PLC controller to form an adaptive regulation loop, wherein the preset value of the first electromagnetic pressure valve 215 can ensure that the hydraulic oil will not enter the detection cavity 213 during normal soil sampling.

[0037] The drill bit condition is detected through the following specific structure, refer to Figures 5 to 7 The drill bit detection assembly 22 includes two symmetrical first adjustment chambers 221 opened on the inner bottom wall of the drilling head 12, the inner top wall of the first adjustment chamber 221 is fixedly connected with a variable electromagnetic plate 222, the bottom end of the variable electromagnetic plate 222 is fixedly connected with two symmetrical elastic plastic telescopic rods 223, the telescopic ends of the two elastic plastic telescopic rods 223 in each first adjustment chamber 221 are commonly fixedly connected with a permanent magnetic plate 224, the variable electromagnetic plate 222 and the permanent magnetic plate 224 are attracted or repelled, the bottom end of the permanent magnetic plate 224 is fixedly connected with a limit block 2219 that is slidably connected to the inner wall of the first adjustment chamber 221, and the bottom end of the limit block 2219 is fixedly connected with a connecting ring 225.

[0038] The bottom end of the connecting ring 225 is provided with two symmetrical first resistance grooves 226, and the inner top wall of each first resistance groove 226 is fixedly connected with a resistor plate 227, and the bottom end of the resistor plate 227 is in sliding contact with a conductive sheet 228, and the bottom end of the conductive sheet 228 is fixedly connected with an adjustment block 229 that is slidably connected to the inner wall of the first resistance groove 226, and the adjustment block 229 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the first resistance groove 226 with an arc spring 2210, and the bottom end of the adjustment block 229 is fixedly connected with the first drill ring tooth 2211, and the conductive sheet 228, the resistor plate 227 and the PLC controller electrical signal The conductive sheet 228 and the resistor plate 227 are connected to form a first detection circuit, and a sliding rheostat is constituted by the conductive sheet 228 and the resistor plate 227. When the conductive sheet 228 slides on the resistor plate 227 in a direction opposite to the rotation direction, the resistance of the sliding rheostat in the first detection circuit gradually increases. The first drill ring tooth 2211 is designed for normal soil. The first drill ring tooth 2211 is usually made of a tougher material with a certain hardness and wear resistance, and can adapt to the drilling sampling work of ordinary soil. Its hardness is relatively moderate, which can not only effectively cut the soil, but also ensure that it can withstand the impact force during the drilling process to a certain extent.

[0039] Among them, two symmetrical second adjustment chambers 2212 are opened at the bottom end of the drilling head 12, and the inner top wall of each second adjustment chamber 2212 is fixedly connected with an elastic telescopic rod 2213, the telescopic end of the elastic telescopic rod 2213 is fixedly connected with a push-out block 2214 which is slidably connected to the second adjustment chamber 2212, and the top of the push-out block 2214 is fixedly connected with a detection ring 2215.

[0040] Among them, two symmetrical second resistance grooves 2216 are opened at the bottom end of the detection ring 2215, and the inner wall of the second resistance groove 2216 is slidably connected with an extrusion block 2217, and the bottom end of the extrusion block 2217 is fixedly connected with a second drill ring tooth 2218. The inner wall of the second resistance groove 2216 is embedded with a pressure sensor, and the pressure sensor is electrically connected to the PLC controller to form a second detection circuit. The second drill ring tooth 2218 is designed according to the characteristics of gravel and harder foreign objects. The material has a higher hardness and adopts a more wear-resistant and tough alloy material. This material can better resist the wear of gravel and hard foreign objects, maintain the sharpness and integrity of the tooth ring during the drilling process, thereby improving the drilling efficiency and quality. The manufacturing cost of the second drill ring tooth 2218 is relatively high. If the second drill ring tooth 2218 is used in the entire drilling process, even in ordinary soil that does not require its special properties, it will increase unnecessary costs.

[0041] Replace the drill ring teeth according to the actual situation through the following specific structure, refer to Figure 6The drill bit replacement assembly 23 includes a connection port 231 opened between the second regulating chamber 2212 and the first regulating chamber 221, a second electromagnetic pressure valve 232 is arranged in the connection port 231, hydraulic oil exists in the second regulating chamber 2212 or the first regulating chamber 221, and the PLC controller is connected with the variable electromagnetic plate 222 and the second electromagnetic pressure valve 232 by electrical signals to form a replacement circuit, and the magnetic pole of the variable electromagnetic plate 222 is changed by controlling the direction of the current passed into the variable electromagnetic plate 222, thereby realizing the functions of adsorption (opposite magnetic poles) and repulsion (same magnetic poles) with the permanent magnet plate 224.

[0042] The working principle of the present invention is as follows:

[0043] The device can be installed on an existing sampling vehicle for coordinated use.

[0044] First, move the device to the position where sampling is required, and then install the mounting head 13 and the sampling tube 11 together (threaded connection). In the subsequent sampling process, if the sampling tube 11 is not long enough, the sampling tube 11 can be further added through threaded connection (existing technology), and then the electric hydraulic telescopic rod 16 is started, and the lifting plate 14 is pushed downward by the electric hydraulic telescopic rod 16. The lifting plate 14 drives the motor 15 and the sampling tube 11 to move downward synchronously. At the same time, the sampling tube 11 is started, and the mounting head 13 is driven to rotate by the motor 15, and then the sampling tube 11 is driven to rotate synchronously (the rotation direction is consistent with the rotation direction when the sampling tube 11 is installed to prevent the sampling tube 11 from falling off). Sampling is performed by descending and rotating the sampling tube 11. During the sampling process, the soil is cut by the drilling head 12 to allow the soil to enter the sampling tube 11.

[0045] During the sampling process, as the drilling sample goes deeper, the soil will gradually become harder or softer. The reason is that as the drilling depth increases, the weight of the soil above will exert greater pressure on the soil below. This pressure will cause the soil particles to be arranged more closely together, thereby increasing the hardness of the soil. In areas with high groundwater levels, as the drilling hole goes deeper below the groundwater level, the soil will be saturated with water, which will fill the pores between the soil particles and act as a lubricant, reducing the friction between the soil particles and causing the soil to soften. (This is particularly common when sampling the pier foundation pit before the construction of a bridge, because the pier foundation pit is deep.)

[0046] When the soil becomes hard, since the squeezing force on the sampling tube 11 and the drilling head 12 is constant, the reaction force of the soil on the sampling tube 11 and the drilling head 12 increases after the soil becomes hard, so the drilling head 12 is squeezed upward, and the moving block 212 squeezes the hydraulic oil, and the pressure of the hydraulic oil on the first electromagnetic pressure valve 215 increases, so that the hydraulic oil passes into the detection chamber 213 through the first pressure solenoid valve, and then the two liquid level gauges 2110 are used to detect the liquid level of the hydraulic oil entering the detection chamber 213. The detection of the two liquid level gauges 2110 can prevent the error of the detection of one of the liquid level gauges 2110, and then the electric signal is transmitted to the PLC controller through the liquid level gauge 2110, and the soil hardness is calculated by the PLC controller according to the liquid level height (the soil hardness is proportional to the liquid level height), and the electric telescopic rod 21 is controlled by the PLC controller. 6 is started, the electric telescopic rod 216 pushes the extrusion ring 217 to move downward, and then the hydraulic oil in the detection chamber 213 is squeezed back into the detection groove 211 through the first electromagnetic pressure valve 215, and at the same time the current of the first electromagnetic pressure valve 215 is increased, and then the pressure preset value of the first electromagnetic pressure valve 215 is increased to When sampling the hardened soil, the hydraulic oil will not enter the detection chamber 213, and the return of the hydraulic oil will reset the drilling head 12, and the speed of the motor 15 will be reduced through the PLC controller to reduce the speed of the sampling tube 11. When the soil hardens, if the sampling tube 11 still maintains a high speed, the friction between the sampling tube 11 and the soil will increase significantly, which will cause the sampling tube 11 and related drilling equipment parts to wear more severely, so reducing the speed can reduce such excessive wear, extend the service life of the equipment, and reduce maintenance costs.

[0047] When the soil becomes soft, since the rotation speed of the drilling head 12 remains unchanged, the drilling head 12 drives the first drill ring tooth 2211 to rotate. As the soil becomes soft, the resistance to the first drill ring tooth 2211 will become smaller. Therefore, the arc spring 2210 can push the adjustment block 229 in the direction of rotation by a certain distance (the distance is proportional to the hardness of the soil. The softer the soil, the longer the movement distance of the adjustment block 229). The movement of the adjustment block 229 drives the first drill ring tooth 2211 to move synchronously, and drives the conductive sheet 228 to slide synchronously on the resistor plate 227. The current monitoring module in the PLC controller detects the current passing through the sliding rheostat, and the PLC controller calculates the softness of the soil based on the current passing through the sliding rheostat (the current is inversely proportional to the softness of the soil, the smaller the current, the longer the moving distance of the conductive sheet 228, and the softer the soil). Therefore, the PLC controller increases the speed of the motor 15, because the soft soil has less resistance to the drilling head 12, increasing the speed can make the drilling head 12 cut more soil per unit time, thereby completing the sampling work faster and improving work efficiency.

[0048] When encountering gravel or some hard foreign objects during the sampling process, the current passing through the sliding rheostat changes and will be detected by the PLC controller (the PLC controller does not receive the electrical signal from the liquid level meter 2110, that is, the hydraulic oil level height signal, which indicates that either the soil has hardened or the foreign objects have blocked the first drill ring tooth 2211 and slowed down its rotation speed). The PLC controller controls to change the power supply direction of the variable electromagnetic plate 222 and open the second electromagnetic pressure valve 232, so that the variable electromagnetic plate 222 changes from repelling the permanent magnet plate 224 to adsorbing it, so that the permanent magnet plate 224 drives the limit block 2219, the connecting ring 225, and the first drill ring tooth 2211 to move downward, and the hydraulic oil is squeezed into the second regulating chamber 2212 through the connecting port 231, and then the block 2214, the detection ring 2215, and the second drill ring tooth 2218 are pushed outward by the hydraulic oil upward, and the second drill ring tooth 2218 is pushed outward through the first The second drill ring tooth 2218 crushes the gravel or some hard foreign objects. At this time, the second drill ring tooth 2218 will drive the extrusion block 2217 to squeeze the pressure sensor. When the gravel or some hard foreign objects are crushed, the pressure received by the pressure sensor will become smaller. Therefore, the PLC controller changes the power supply direction of the variable electromagnetic plate 222 again, so that the variable electromagnetic plate 222 repels the permanent magnet plate 224 again, and then the permanent magnet plate 224 pushes the first drill ring tooth 2211 upward again, and then the second drill ring tooth 2218 is reset by the elastic force of the elastic telescopic rod 2213, and then the hydraulic oil is squeezed back into the first regulating chamber 221, and then the second electromagnetic pressure valve 232 is closed by the PLC controller (the closing time is pre-tested and the hydraulic oil can be squeezed back into the first regulating chamber 221), and then the first drill ring tooth 2211 continues to drill and sample.

[0049] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the protection scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A construction engineering sampling device, characterized in that: include: A drilling sampling mechanism (1), the drilling sampling mechanism (1) comprising a sampling tube (11) for drilling sampling and a drilling head (12) for drilling sampling, the top of the sampling tube (11) being detachably provided with a mounting head (13), the top of the mounting head (13) being rotatably connected to a lifting plate (14), the top of the lifting plate (14) being fixedly connected to a motor (15) for driving the mounting head (13) to rotate, and the top of the lifting plate (14) being fixedly connected to an electric hydraulic telescopic rod (16); An adaptive adjustment mechanism (2), the adaptive adjustment mechanism (2) comprising a hardness detection assembly (21) for detecting soil hardness, the hardness detection assembly (21) comprising two symmetrical detection grooves (211) opened at the bottom of the sampling tube (11), the inner wall of the detection groove (211) being airtightly slidably connected with a moving block (212), hydraulic oil being poured between the moving block (212) and the detection groove (211), the adaptive adjustment mechanism (2) further comprising a drill bit detection assembly (22) and a drill bit replacement assembly (23) for detecting a drilling head (12), the drilling head (12) being fixedly connected to the two moving blocks (212); The hardness detection assembly (21) further comprises a detection chamber (213) provided inside the sampling tube (11); a communication port (214) is provided between the detection chamber (213) and the detection groove (211); a first electromagnetic pressure valve (215) is provided inside the communication port (214); two symmetrical electric telescopic rods (216) are fixedly connected to the inner top wall of the detection chamber (213); the telescopic ends of the two electric telescopic rods (216) are fixedly connected to an extrusion ring (217); a top end of the extrusion ring (217) is provided A plurality of vents (218) are provided, and a one-way valve is arranged in each of the vents (218); two symmetrical detection ports (219) are provided at the top of the extrusion ring (217); two liquid level gauges (2110) are fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the detection cavity (213) and are in sliding contact with the two detection ports (219) respectively; the liquid level gauge (2110), the motor (15), the electric hydraulic telescopic rod (16), the electric telescopic rod (216), and the first electromagnetic pressure valve (215) are electrically connected to a PLC controller to form an adaptive regulation loop.

2. A construction engineering sampling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drilling sampling mechanism (1) also includes two symmetrical sliding rods (17) that slide through the lifting plate (14), the bottom end of the sliding rod (17) is fixedly connected to a fixed plate (18), the top end of the fixed plate (18) is fixedly connected to a support plate (19), the top end of the support plate (19) is fixedly connected to a mounting plate (110), the outer wall of the support plate (19) is provided with a sliding groove (111), the inner wall of the sliding groove (111) is slidably connected to a sliding block (112), the other end of the sliding block (112) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the lifting plate (14), the bottom end of the fixed plate (18) is provided with a drilling opening (113) for the sampling tube (11) to pass through, the top end of the support plate (19) is provided with a telescopic opening (114), the inner wall of the telescopic opening (114) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the fixed end of the electric hydraulic telescopic rod (16).

3. A construction engineering sampling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drill bit detection assembly (22) comprises two symmetrical first adjustment chambers (221) opened on the inner bottom wall of the drilling head (12); the inner top wall of the first adjustment chamber (221) is fixedly connected to a variable electromagnetic plate (222); the bottom end of the variable electromagnetic plate (222) is fixedly connected to two symmetrical elastic plastic telescopic rods (223); the telescopic ends of the two elastic plastic telescopic rods (223) in each first adjustment chamber (221) are fixedly connected to a permanent magnetic plate (224); the variable electromagnetic plate (222) and the permanent magnetic plate (224) are attracted or repelled; the bottom end of the permanent magnetic plate (224) is fixedly connected to a limit block (2219) slidably connected to the inner wall of the first adjustment chamber (221); the bottom end of the limit block (2219) is fixedly connected to a connecting ring (225).

4. A construction engineering sampling device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bottom end of the connecting ring (225) is provided with two symmetrical first resistance grooves (226); the inner top wall of the first resistance groove (226) is fixedly connected with a resistance plate (227); the bottom end of the resistance plate (227) is in sliding contact with a conductive sheet (228); the bottom end of the conductive sheet (228) is fixedly connected with an adjustment block (229) which is slidably connected to the inner wall of the first resistance groove (226); the adjustment block (229) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the first resistance groove (226) by an arc The adjusting block (229) is provided with a first drill ring tooth (2211) fixedly connected to the bottom end thereof; the conductive sheet (228) and the resistor plate (227) are connected to the PLC controller by electrical signals and form a first detection circuit; the conductive sheet (228) and the resistor plate (227) constitute a sliding rheostat; and when the conductive sheet (228) slides on the resistor plate (227) in a direction opposite to the rotation direction, the resistance of the sliding rheostat in the first detection circuit gradually increases.

5. A construction engineering sampling device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bottom end of the drilling head (12) is provided with two symmetrical second adjustment chambers (2212); the inner top wall of the second adjustment chamber (2212) is fixedly connected with an elastic telescopic rod (2213); the telescopic end of the elastic telescopic rod (2213) is fixedly connected with a push-out block (2214) slidably connected to the second adjustment chamber (2212); and the top end of the push-out block (2214) is fixedly connected with a detection ring (2215).

6. A construction engineering sampling device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom end of the detection ring (2215) is provided with two symmetrical second resistance grooves (2216), the inner wall of the second resistance groove (2216) is slidably connected with an extrusion block (2217), the bottom end of the extrusion block (2217) is fixedly connected with a second drill ring tooth (2218), and the inner wall of the second resistance groove (2216) is embedded with a pressure sensor, which is electrically connected to the PLC controller and forms a second detection circuit.

7. A construction engineering sampling device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The drill bit replacement assembly (23) comprises a connection port (231) opened between the second regulating chamber (2212) and the first regulating chamber (221), a second electromagnetic pressure valve (232) is arranged in the connection port (231), hydraulic oil exists in the second regulating chamber (2212) or the first regulating chamber (221), and the PLC controller is connected to the variable electromagnetic plate (222) and the second electromagnetic pressure valve (232) by electrical signals to form a replacement circuit.

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