Directional antenna and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, and provides a directional antenna and electronic equipment, the directional antenna comprises a reflecting plate, a dielectric substrate arranged on the reflecting plate and at least one slot antenna array arranged on the dielectric substrate, and the dielectric substrate is provided with a first surface and a second surface which are arranged back to back; the slot antenna array is arranged on the first surface of the dielectric substrate, the slot antenna array comprises a plurality of radiation units which are arranged in an array, each radiation unit comprises a first slot and a second slot which are oppositely arranged in parallel, and a third slot is connected between the first slot and the second slot. The antenna is low in manufacturing cost, and the gain of the directional antenna can be improved by improving the structure of the radiation unit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a directional antenna and electronic equipment. Background Art

[0002] As the carrier for transmitting and receiving information in wireless communication systems, antennas are one of the key components in wireless communication systems. Their performance directly affects the technical indicators of wireless communication systems.

[0003] Among the many types of antennas, directional antennas have many advantages over other types of antennas. Directional antennas are used to receive signals from a specific direction source or transmit signals in a specific direction. Gain is the most basic factor that determines the performance of directional antennas. High gain characteristics are conducive to saving the energy required for signal transmission.

[0004] In the related technologies, especially in a series of wireless products such as wireless bridges, the requirements for antennas are quite special. High-gain directional antennas are required for long-distance point-to-point communications. Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a directional antenna with high gain. Summary of the invention

[0005] A first aspect of the present invention provides a directional antenna to solve at least one of the above technical defects in the prior art. Not only is the manufacturing cost low, but also the gain of the directional antenna can be improved by improving the structure of the radiation unit.

[0006] A second aspect of the present invention provides an electronic device.

[0007] A first aspect of the present invention provides a directional antenna, comprising a reflector, a dielectric substrate disposed on the reflector, and at least one slot antenna array disposed on the dielectric substrate, wherein:

[0008] The dielectric substrate has a first surface and a second surface disposed back to back;

[0009] The slot antenna array is arranged on the first surface of the dielectric substrate, and the slot antenna array includes a plurality of radiating units arranged in an array, each of the radiating units includes a first slot and a second slot arranged relatively parallel to each other, and a third slot is connected between the first slot and the second slot.

[0010] According to a directional antenna provided by the present invention, a radiation slot is connected to one side of the first slot and / or the second slot, and the radiation slot is located on a side of the first slot or the second slot away from the third slot.

[0011] According to a directional antenna provided by the present invention, the radiation slot has a first radiation edge and a second radiation edge which are arranged opposite to each other;

[0012] The first radiating edge and the second radiating edge are arranged at an angle to each other, the first ends of the first radiating edge and the second radiating edge are connected to each other, and the second ends of the first radiating edge and the second radiating edge are both connected to the side of the first gap or the second gap.

[0013] According to a directional antenna provided by the present invention, the distance between the second end of the first radiation edge and the second end of the second radiation edge is smaller than the length of the side of the first slot or the second slot.

[0014] According to a directional antenna provided by the present invention, a third radiating edge is connected between the first end of the first radiating edge and the second end of the second radiating edge;

[0015] The third radiation edge is parallel to a side edge of the first slot or the second slot, and the first radiation edge, the second radiation edge and the third radiation edge together form a virtual trapezoidal structure.

[0016] A directional antenna provided by the present invention further comprises a microstrip feeder assembly for feeding the directional antenna, wherein the microstrip feeder assembly comprises a plurality of microstrip feeders, and the position of each microstrip feeder corresponds one-to-one to the position of each radiation unit;

[0017] Two adjacent microstrip feeder lines are arranged opposite to each other, and are connected via a branch transmission line, and two adjacent branch transmission lines are connected via a trunk transmission line, and a feeding interface is provided on the trunk transmission line.

[0018] According to a directional antenna provided by the present invention, the branch transmission line and the trunk transmission line are connected via an impedance matching branch.

[0019] According to a directional antenna provided by the present invention, the reflector is arranged on one side of the second surface of the dielectric substrate, and a gap is left between the reflector and the second surface of the dielectric substrate.

[0020] According to a directional antenna provided by the present invention, a plurality of radiation units arranged in an array are provided on the patch body, and the distance between two adjacent radiation units is 30 mm to 40 mm;

[0021] The length of the dielectric substrate is 120 mm to 160 mm, and the width of the dielectric substrate is 30 mm to 50 mm.

[0022] A second aspect of the present invention provides an electronic device, comprising a device body and any one of the directional antennas described above, wherein the directional antenna is applied to the device body.

[0023] The directional antenna provided by the present invention is provided with a reflector on one side of a dielectric substrate and at least one slot antenna array on the other side of the dielectric substrate. The slot antenna array includes a plurality of radiating units arranged in an array, and each radiating unit includes a first slot and a second slot arranged relatively parallel to each other, and a third slot is connected between the first slot and the second slot. By improving the structure of the radiating unit, the gain of the directional antenna can be improved, and it can also adapt to different transmission environments to achieve dual-band switching transmission, that is, switching between the 2.4GHz band and the 5GHz band. For example, in scenarios where the 2.4GHz band is severely interfered with, such as in urban areas, the 5GHz band is selected to improve the stability of communication, while in scenarios where there is less wireless interference, such as in suburbs, the 2.4GHz band is used to ensure a longer transmission distance.

[0024] Furthermore, at least one side of the first slot and the second slot is connected with a radiation slot, and the radiation slot is arranged on the side of the first slot or the second slot away from the third slot. This is equivalent to protruding the first slot outward to form a radiation slot, so that the area of ​​the improved first slot is larger than the area of ​​the first slot before the improvement, or protruding the second slot outward to form a radiation slot, so that the area of ​​the improved second slot is larger than the area of ​​the second slot before the improvement, or protruding the first slot and the second slot outward at the same time to form radiation slots respectively. In this way, a variety of spacings are formed in the first slot or the second slot, and the various spacings correspond to a plurality of different frequency points, thereby effectively expanding the bandwidth of the directional antenna and improving the gain of the directional antenna. In addition, the directional antenna structure provided by the present invention is relatively compact, easy to process, and has a low manufacturing cost.

[0025] The electronic device provided by the present invention has all the above advantages because it includes the above directional antenna. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0027] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a directional antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a single radiating unit in a directional antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is one of the front views of the dielectric substrate in the directional antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is the second front view of the dielectric substrate in the directional antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 is a rear view of a dielectric substrate in a directional antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 yes Figure 1 The reflection parameter frequency characteristic diagram of the directional antenna shown;

[0033] Figure 7 yes Figure 1 Far-field pattern (5.2 GHz) of the directional antenna shown;

[0034] Figure 8 yes Figure 1 The antenna center gain-frequency characteristic diagram of 5.0GHz to 5.8GHz in the directional antenna shown (radiation direction is: );

[0035] Fig. 9 yes Figure 1 Far-field pattern (2.44 GHz) of the directional antenna shown;

[0036] Fig.10 yes Figure 1 The antenna center gain-frequency characteristic diagram of 2.40GHz to 2.48GHz in the directional antenna shown (radiation direction is: );

[0037] Fig.11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a directional antenna before improvement in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Fig.12 is a comparison diagram of reflection parameter-frequency characteristics of a directional antenna before improvement in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Fig.13 This is a 2.44 GHz gain effect diagram of the directional antenna before improvement in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Fig.14 This is a 5.2 GHz gain effect diagram of the directional antenna before improvement in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Reference numerals:

[0042] 100, dielectric substrate; 101, connection hole;

[0043] 200, patch body; 201, radiation unit; 2011, first gap; 2012, second gap; 2013, third gap; 2014, radiation slot; 2014-1, first radiation edge; 2014-2, second radiation edge; 2014-3, third radiation edge;

[0044] 300, microstrip feeder assembly; 301, microstrip feeder line; 302, branch transmission line; 303, trunk transmission line; 304, impedance matching branch;

[0045] 400. Reflector. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0048] In the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0049] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiments of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0050] With the development of wireless communication technology, the popularization of wireless networks and the diversification of application scenarios, WIFI technology is also constantly developing and improving.

[0051] At present, most wireless products use single-frequency 2.4GHz WIFI for wireless transmission, such as wireless mouse, wireless keyboard, USB wireless network card, wireless router and other products. 2.4GHz wireless transmission has relatively good penetration and relatively long coverage distance, but the 2.4GHz frequency band is more popular and easily interfered by other devices. In this case, the 5GHz frequency band has cleaner channels and faster rates, but the signal penetration ability of the 5GHz frequency band is not as good as that of the 2.4GHz frequency band, and the coverage range is limited.

[0052] Combining the advantages and disadvantages of the above two frequency bands, namely the advantages and disadvantages of the 2.4GHz band and the 5GHz band, the dual-band WIFI device that combines the two frequency bands can not only provide good wireless connection, but also achieve good indoor and outdoor signal coverage and higher bandwidth, playing a more powerful role in wireless networks, and is used for data transmission, network connection, security protection and other aspects, bringing better wireless effects to users.

[0053] The most important medium for wireless communication is the antenna used to send and receive electromagnetic signals. Designing a high-performance dual-band antenna for dual-band WIFI devices has become one of the key factors in determining the communication performance of the device.

[0054] Commonly used WIFI antennas can be divided into single-frequency antennas (only 2.4GHz band or 5GHz band) and dual-frequency antennas (supporting both 2.4GHz band and 5GHz band) according to their operating frequencies, and can be divided into omnidirectional antennas and directional antennas according to their radiation range. Antennas have different forms for different application scenarios. With the advent of the era of the Internet of Everything, the demand for network performance is getting higher and higher. Multi-band, high gain, and miniaturization have become the trend of antennas, especially in a series of wireless products such as wireless routers, wireless bridges, and wireless cameras. Among them, wireless bridges have special requirements for antennas, and high-gain directional antennas are required for long-distance point-to-point communication.

[0055] From the antenna perspective, the amplitude of the antenna's scattering parameter (S parameter) reflects the magnitude of the power loss of the input antenna. Generally speaking, the frequency band range of S11 < -10dB is defined as the antenna's operating bandwidth (also called the resonant frequency band). The smaller the S11 is than -10dB, the higher the antenna gain will be, and the longer the transmission distance will be under the same conditions.

[0056] Therefore, in response to the needs of long-distance dual-frequency communication, its working bandwidth can completely cover the dual-frequency band (2.40-2.48GHz or 5.0GHz-5.8GHz), that is, within the frequency bands of 2.40-2.48GHz and 5.0GHz-5.8GHz, the antenna S11 is less than -10dB, and the smaller the value of S11, the higher the gain of the antenna. To this end, the present invention provides a directional antenna, which is mainly used for wireless devices for long-distance (3km or 5km) point-to-point communication, such as wireless bridges.

[0057] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a directional antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single radiation unit in a directional antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0058] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 An embodiment of the present invention provides a directional antenna, which includes a dielectric substrate 100, a slot antenna array, a reflector 400 and a microstrip feeder assembly 300. The dielectric substrate 100 is arranged on the reflector 400, and the slot antenna array is arranged on the dielectric substrate 100.

[0059] The dielectric substrate 100 is the main supporting structure for supporting and fixing the slot antenna array, the reflector 400 and the microstrip feeder assembly 300. The dielectric constant and size of the dielectric substrate 100 have a certain influence on the frequency and radiation direction of the directional antenna.

[0060] In some embodiments of the present invention, the dielectric substrate 100 may be a FR-4 sheet with a length of 120 mm to 160 mm and a width of 30 mm to 50 mm, and the cross-sectional thickness of the dielectric substrate 100 is less than 2 mm. The FR-4 sheet is a double-sided copper-clad PCB sheet made by laminating epoxy resin and glass cloth. The dielectric constant of the commonly used PCB sheet relative to air is 4.2-4.7. The dielectric constant of the FR-4 sheet changes with temperature, and its maximum variation range can reach 20% within the temperature range of 0-70 degrees. The change in dielectric constant will cause a 10% change in line delay. The higher the temperature, the greater the delay. The dielectric constant will also change with the signal frequency. The higher the frequency, the smaller the dielectric constant. The classic value of the dielectric constant of the FR-4 sheet is 4.4. The dielectric substrate 100 may also be a general-purpose printed circuit board (PCB) sheet with uniform dielectric constant and basically consistent thickness.

[0061] The shape of the dielectric substrate 100 is not specifically limited, and may be circular, rectangular, square, etc. The embodiment of the present invention takes a rectangular dielectric substrate 100 as an example for description. The dielectric substrate 100 has a first surface and a second surface that are arranged back to back, that is, the first surface and the second surface are located on two opposite side surfaces of the dielectric substrate 100.

[0062] The slot antenna array is provided on the patch body 200, and the patch body 200 is provided on the first surface of the dielectric substrate 100. The length of the patch body 200 can be consistent with the length of the dielectric substrate 100, that is, 120 mm to 160 mm; the width of the patch body 200 can be consistent with the width of the dielectric substrate 100, that is, 30 mm to 50 mm. The slot antenna array includes a plurality of radiation units 201 arranged in an array, each radiation unit 201 includes a first slot 2011 and a second slot 2012 arranged in parallel with each other, and a third slot 2013 is connected between the first slot 2011 and the second slot 2012.

[0063] Furthermore, a radiation slot 2014 is connected to one side of at least one of the first slot 2011 and the second slot 2012 , and the radiation slot 2014 is disposed on a side of the first slot 2011 or the second slot 2012 that is away from or far away from the third slot 2013 .

[0064] That is, the radiation slot 2014 can be connected to the side of the first slot 2011 away from the third slot 2013 , and the radiation slot 2014 is connected to the first slot 2011 , which is equivalent to increasing the area of ​​the first slot 2011 .

[0065] The radiation slot 2014 may also be connected to the side of the second slot 2012 away from the third slot 2013 , and the radiation slot 2014 is connected to the second slot 2012 , which is equivalent to increasing the area of ​​the second slot 2012 .

[0066] The radiation slot 2014 can also be simultaneously connected to the side of the first gap 2011 away from the third gap 2013, and the side of the second gap 2012 away from the third gap 2013, which is equivalent to the first gap 2011 and the second gap 2012 expanding simultaneously in the direction away from the third gap 2013, that is, the areas of the first gap 2011 and the second gap 2012 are both increased compared with before the improvement.

[0067] The microstrip feeder assembly 300 is used to feed the directional antenna. After the dimensions of the dielectric substrate 100 and the radiation unit 201 are determined, the overall output impedance of the directional antenna of the embodiment of the present invention is converted into a standard impedance of 50Ω through the microstrip feeder assembly 300.

[0068] In the embodiment of the present invention, the patch body 200 and the microstrip feeder assembly 300 are arranged back to back on the two side surfaces of the dielectric substrate 100. When the directional antenna is working, the radiation unit 201 of the patch body 200 leaks electromagnetic waves to achieve the radiation and reception functions through the electromagnetic field distribution on the dielectric substrate 100. When the directional antenna receives an electromagnetic wave signal, the patch body 200 generates an induced current, thereby converting the signal into an electrical signal for output. When the directional antenna transmits a signal, the patch body 200 generates a current, thereby generating an electromagnetic wave to radiate out.

[0069] It can be understood that the directional antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention is provided with a reflector 400 on one side of the dielectric substrate 100, and at least one slot antenna array is provided on the other side of the dielectric substrate 100, and the slot antenna array includes a plurality of radiation units 201 arranged in an array, and each radiation unit 201 includes a first slot 2011 and a second slot 2012 arranged in parallel, and a third slot 2013 is connected between the first slot 2011 and the second slot 2012. By improving the structure of the radiation unit, the gain of the directional antenna can be improved, and it can also adapt to different transmission environments and realize dual-band switching transmission, that is, switching between the 2.4 GHz band and the 5 GHz band. For example, in the scenario where the 2.4 GHz band is seriously interfered with, such as in the urban area, the 5 GHz band is selected to improve the stability of communication, and in the scenario where there is less wireless interference, such as in the suburbs, the 2.4 GHz band is used to ensure a longer transmission distance.

[0070] Further, at least one side of the first slot 2011 and the second slot 2012 is connected with a radiation slot 2014, and the radiation slot 2014 is arranged on the side of the first slot 2011 or the second slot 2012 away from the third slot 2013. This is equivalent to protruding the first slot 2011 outward to form the radiation slot 2014, so that the area of ​​the improved first slot 2011 is larger than the area of ​​the first slot 2011 before the improvement, or protruding the second slot 2012 outward to form the radiation slot 2014, so that the area of ​​the improved second slot 2012 is larger than the area of ​​the second slot 2012 before the improvement, or protruding the first slot 2011 and the second slot 2012 outward at the same time to form the radiation slots 2014 respectively. In this way, a variety of spacings are formed in the first slot 2011 or the second slot 2012, and the various spacings correspond to a plurality of different frequency points, thereby effectively expanding the bandwidth of the directional antenna to improve the gain of the directional antenna. Furthermore, the directional antenna provided by the present invention has a relatively compact structure, is easy to process, and has a low manufacturing cost.

[0071] Continue reading Figure 1 and Figure 2 On the basis of the above-mentioned embodiment, the directional antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention has a radiation slot 2014 having a first radiation edge 2014-1 and a second radiation edge 2014-2 which are arranged opposite to each other; the first radiation edge 2014-1 and the second radiation edge 2014-2 are arranged at an angle to each other, and the angle can be understood to be greater than 0° and less than 90°, for example, the angle can be 15°, 20°, 25°, 30°, 35°, 45° or 60°, etc. The first ends of the first radiation edge 2014-1 and the second radiation edge 2014-2 are connected to each other, and the second ends of the first radiation edge 2014-1 and the second radiation edge 2014-2 are both connected to the side of the first slot 2011 or the second slot 2012.

[0072] This is equivalent to the first radiation edge 2014-1 and the second radiation edge 2014-2 forming a virtual triangular structure, that is, when the radiation slot 2014 is located on the side of the first slot 2011 away from the third slot 2013, a triangular area is formed between the first radiation edge 2014-1, the second radiation edge 2014-2 and the side extension line of the first slot 2011. In this way, a variety of spacings are formed in the first slot 2011, and the various spacings correspond to a plurality of different frequency points, thereby effectively expanding the bandwidth of the directional antenna to improve the gain of the directional antenna.

[0073] When the radiation slot 2014 is located on the side of the second slot 2012 away from the third slot 2013, the structural setting of the radiation slot 2014 is the same as the structural setting of the radiation slot 2014 located on the side of the first slot 2011, which will not be described in detail.

[0074] Continue reading Figure 1and Figure 2 The distance between the second end of the first radiation edge 2014 - 1 and the second end of the second radiation edge 2014 - 2 is less than the length of the side of the first slot 2011 or the second slot 2012 .

[0075] When the radiation slot 2014 is located on the side of the first slot 2011 away from the third slot 2013, the shape formed by the radiation slot 2014 and the first slot 2011 can be a combination structure of a virtual rectangle and a virtual triangle. This arrangement increases the number of different spacings in the first slot 2011, further effectively expanding the bandwidth of the directional antenna to improve the gain of the directional antenna.

[0076] Of course, the distance between the second end of the first radiation edge 2014-1 and the second end of the second radiation edge 2014-2 may be equal to the length of the side of the first slot 2011, which is equivalent to one side of the first slot 2011 constituting one side of a virtual triangle.

[0077] Continue reading Figure 2 On the basis of the above embodiments, different from the above embodiments, a third radiating edge 2014-3 is connected between the first radiating edge 2014-1 and the second radiating edge 2014-2, and the third radiating edge 2014-3 is parallel to the side of the first gap 2011 or the second gap 2012, and the first radiating edge 2014-1, the second radiating edge 2014-2 and the third radiating edge 2014-3 enclose a virtual trapezoidal area.

[0078] It is equivalent to the directional antenna provided by the present invention, wherein the first slot 2011 and the second slot 2012 are arranged in parallel, and the third slot 2013 is vertically connected between the first slot 2011 and the second slot 2012, so that the first slot 2011, the second slot 2012 and the third slot 2013 form an area shaped like an "I" shape, and the radiation slot 2014 can be arranged on one side of the "I"-shaped slot area, or the radiation slot 2014 can be symmetrically arranged on both sides of the "I"-shaped slot area.

[0079] When the radiation slot 2014 is arranged on one side of the "I"-shaped gap region, that is, when the radiation slot 2014 is located on the side of the first gap 2011 away from the third gap 2013, the shape of the radiation unit 201 is similar to the shape of the combination of the "I"-shaped gap region and the virtual trapezoidal region. This arrangement can form more different spacings in the first gap 2011, further effectively expand the bandwidth of the directional antenna, and improve the gain of the directional antenna.

[0080] When the shape of the radiation slot 2014 is a virtual trapezoidal area, similar to the above-mentioned shape of the radiation slot 2014 being a virtual triangular area, the distance between the second end of the first radiation edge 2014-1 and the second end of the second radiation edge 2014-2 may be less than the length of the side of the first slit 2011 or the second slit 2012. The distance between the second end of the first radiation edge 2014-1 and the second end of the second radiation edge 2014-2 may also be equal to the length of the side of the first slit 2011 or the second slit 2012.

[0081] Continue reading Figure 1 and Figure 2 In order to further improve the gain of the directional antenna, a plurality of radiation units 201 are arrayed along the length direction of the patch body 200, for example, two, three or four radiation units 201 are arranged at equal intervals, and the interval between two adjacent radiation units 201 is 30 mm to 40 mm.

[0082] The following is a detailed description using an example in which four radiation units 201 are arranged in an array with equal spacing along the length direction of the patch body 200.

[0083] Figure 3 This is one of the front views of the dielectric substrate in the directional antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

[0084] Continue reading Figure 1 and Figure 2 , and also see Figure 3 The radiation unit 201 may be formed by etching on the dielectric substrate 100 , or a patch having the radiation unit 201 may be attached to the dielectric substrate 100 .

[0085] During the manufacturing process, four I-shaped grooves are evenly cut out on a rectangular metal patch with a length l of 120 mm to 160 mm and a width w of 30 mm to 50 mm to form a radiation unit 201. The shape and size of the metal patch, that is, the patch body 200, are the same as those of the dielectric substrate 100. Then, the metal patch with the radiation unit 201 is attached to the first surface of the dielectric substrate 100.

[0086] The spacing x between the four "I"-shaped slots is 30 mm to 40 mm, that is, the spacing between two adjacent radiation units 201 is 30 mm to 40 mm, which can ensure the gain is improved while avoiding the generation of redundant side lobes. If the spacing x between the four "I"-shaped slots is greater than the value range, the beam width will increase and the gain will decrease; if the spacing x between the four "I"-shaped slots is less than the value range, redundant side lobes will be generated, forming side lobe clutter.

[0087] Continue reading Figure 3, the dimensions of the radiation unit 201 are described in detail. In order to clearly illustrate the corresponding dimensions of the radiation unit 201, letters a to I are used to represent the dimensions of the radiation unit 201, wherein a is the length of the first gap 2011, and the value range of a is 20mm to 40mm. b is the length of the third gap 2013, and the value range of b is 8mm to 16mm. c is the length of the second gap 2012, and the value range of c is 8mm to 16mm. d is the distance between the second end of the first radiation edge 2014-1 and the second end of the second radiation edge 2014-2, and the value range of d is 15mm to 25mm. e is the length of the third radiation edge 2014-3, and the value range of e is 1mm to 6mm. f is the width of the first gap 2011, and the value range of f is 3mm to 9mm. g is the distance between the first gap 2011 and the second gap 2012, and the value range of g is 1mm to 6mm. h is the width of the second gap 2012, and the value range of h is 3mm to 9mm. i is the width of the radiation slot 2014, and the value range of i is 3mm to 10mm. m is the distance between the first gap 2011 and the upper edge of the patch body 200, and the value range of m is 5mm to 12mm.

[0088] In order to simplify the design of the directional antenna, the lengths of the first slot 2011 and the second slot 2012 are equal, that is, a=c. The values ​​of a and c affect the shift of the high-frequency harmonic frequency point to the low frequency. When the values ​​of a and c are increased, the high-frequency harmonic frequency point shifts to the low frequency and the resonance amplitude decreases.

[0089] In addition, the values ​​of b, e, and i also affect the shift of high-frequency harmonic frequency points to low frequencies. Keeping the values ​​of a and c unchanged and increasing the values ​​of b, e, and i will cause the high-frequency harmonic frequency points to shift to low frequencies, reducing the resonance amplitude. The values ​​of b, d, and m will affect the size and amplitude of the low-frequency resonance point.

[0090] The embodiment of the present invention jointly adjusts the above-mentioned dimensional parameters of the radiation unit 201 and the thickness of the dielectric substrate 100 to ensure that the resonance amplitudes of the 2.4 GHz frequency band (2.40 GHz to 2.48 GHz) and the 5 GHz frequency band (5.0 GHz to 5.8 GHz) are both below -10 dB, thereby meeting the high gain requirement of the directional antenna.

[0091] Figure 4 It is a rear view of the second embodiment of the directional antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

[0092] See also Figure 4On the basis of the above embodiments, the microstrip feeder assembly 300 includes a plurality of microstrip feeders 301, and the position of each microstrip feeder 301 corresponds to the position of each radiation unit 201. Two adjacent microstrip feeders 301 are arranged opposite to each other, and the two adjacent microstrip feeders 301 are connected by a branch transmission line 302, and the two adjacent branch transmission lines 302 are connected by a trunk transmission line 303, and the trunk transmission line 303 is provided with a feeding interface.

[0093] In addition, the branch transmission line 302 and the trunk transmission line 303 are connected via an impedance matching branch 304. In this way, the impedance of the microstrip feeder assembly 300 can be matched and adjusted.

[0094] That is, the microstrip feeder assembly 300 serves as a microstrip feed source to match the 50-ohm coaxial line. The microstrip feeder assembly 300 has a plurality of impedance matching branches, that is, a plurality of microstrip feeders 301. In the embodiment of the present invention, the number of microstrip feeders 301 corresponds to the number of radiation units 201. When the radiation units 201 are arranged in an array, the number of microstrip feeders 301 is four. The four microstrip feeders 301 serve as matching branches to play the role of impedance matching. Part of the energy at the end of the microstrip feeder assembly 300 is consumed on the microstrip feeder 301 serving as a matching branch, and the other part couples the energy to the hollow metal patch through the "I"-shaped gap area, and the metal patch, that is, the radiation unit 201 on the patch body 200 radiates the signal outward.

[0095] Figure 5 It is a rear view of a dielectric substrate in a directional antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0096] See also Figure 5 On the basis of the above embodiments, the difference from the above embodiments is that the reflector 400 is disposed on one side of the second surface of the dielectric substrate 100, and there is a certain gap between the reflector 400 and the second surface of the dielectric substrate 100, so that the reflector 400 can reflect electromagnetic waves. That is, the reflector 400 is attached below the dielectric substrate 100, and the dielectric substrate 100 is fixedly connected to the reflector 400 through the connection hole 101.

[0097] By adding a reflector 400 below the dielectric substrate 100 , a good unidirectional radiation characteristic can be achieved, thereby improving the gain of the directional antenna, so that the gain of the directional antenna in the working frequency band is greater than 10 dBi, and the maximum gain can reach 12.92 dBi.

[0098] The reflective plate 400 may be made of metal, or may be a PCB board.

[0099] Figure 6 yes Figure 1The reflection parameter frequency characteristic diagram of the directional antenna shown in FIG. Figure 6 It can be seen that the directional antenna can resonate in the 2.4GHz band (2.40GHz~2.48GHz) and the 5GHz band (5.0GHz~5.8GHz) to achieve dual-band switching. In addition, the working frequency bands of the directional antenna with a reflection coefficient lower than -10dB are 2.36~2.65GHz, 3.27~3.6GHz and 4.88~6.27GHz, which can fully cover the two required working frequency bands of 2.4GHz band and 5GHz band.

[0100] Figure 7 yes Figure 1 Far-field pattern (5.2 GHz) of the directional antenna shown; Figure 8 yes Figure 1 The antenna center gain-frequency characteristic diagram of the directional antenna at 5.0 GHz to 5.8 GHz (radiation direction: θ = 0°) ).

[0101] Depend on Figure 7 and Figure 8 It can be seen that the directional antenna has good unidirectional radiation characteristics in the 2.4GHz frequency band, and the E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns of the antenna unit when working at 2.4GHz have good symmetry. The metal reflector 400 attached below the directional antenna achieves good unidirectional radiation characteristics and improves the gain of the directional antenna. The gain of the directional antenna in the working frequency band is greater than 10dBi, and the maximum gain can reach 12.92dBi, which is suitable for broadband wireless communication systems.

[0102] Fig. 9 yes Figure 1 Far-field pattern (2.44 GHz) of the directional antenna shown; Fig.10 yes Figure 1 The antenna center gain-frequency characteristic diagram of the directional antenna at 2.40 GHz to 2.48 GHz (radiation direction: θ = 0°) ).

[0103] Depend on Fig. 9 and Fig.10 It can be seen that the directional antenna has good unidirectional radiation characteristics in the 5GHz frequency band, and the E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns of the antenna unit when working at 5GHz have good symmetry. The metal reflector 400 attached below the directional antenna achieves good unidirectional radiation characteristics and improves the gain of the directional antenna. The gain of the directional antenna in the working frequency band is greater than 10dBi, and the maximum gain can reach 10.30dBi, which is suitable for broadband wireless communication systems.

[0104] Fig.11is a schematic diagram of the structure of a directional antenna before improvement in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.12 is a comparison diagram of reflection parameter-frequency characteristics of a directional antenna before improvement in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.13 This is a 2.44 GHz gain effect diagram of the directional antenna before improvement in the embodiment of the present invention; Fig.14 This is a 5.2 GHz gain effect diagram of the directional antenna before improvement in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0105] Depend on Figures 10 to 14 It can be seen that the "I"-shaped gap area that has not been deformed and improved cannot achieve the WIFI dual-band (2.4GHz&5GHz) standing wave effect of the improved "I"-shaped gap area with the radiation slot 2014, and its resonance depth is much lower than the resonance depth of the "I"-shaped gap area with the radiation slot 2014, and it is impossible to achieve the high gain of the WIFI dual-band (2.4GHz&5GHz).

[0106] Therefore, the directional antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention is provided with at least one radiating unit 201 in the patch body 200, each radiating unit 201 includes a first slot 2011 and a second slot 2012 arranged in parallel, a third slot 2013 is connected between the first slot 2011 and the second slot 2012, a radiation slot 2014 is connected to one side of at least one of the first slot 2011 and the second slot 2012, and the radiation slot 2014 is arranged on the side of the first slot 2011 or the second slot 2012 away from the third slot 2013. In this way, a variety of spacings are formed in the first slot 2011 or the second slot 2012, and the various spacings correspond to a plurality of different frequency points, thereby effectively expanding the bandwidth of the directional antenna to improve the gain of the directional antenna.

[0107] Moreover, the directional antenna provided by the present invention can adapt to different transmission environments. For example, in scenarios where the 2.4GHz band is severely interfered with in urban areas, the 5GHz band is selected to improve the stability of communication, while in scenarios where there is less wireless interference, such as in suburbs, the 2.4GHz band is used to ensure a longer transmission distance.

[0108] During the manufacturing process of the directional antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention, a metal patch is printed on the first surface (upper surface) of the dielectric substrate 100, and the metal patch is provided with a hollow structure in advance, that is, four "I"-shaped grooves are hollowed out at equal intervals on the metal patch to form a radiation unit 201, and a microstrip feed line assembly 300 is printed on the second surface (lower surface) of the dielectric substrate 100 as a microstrip feed source, and one end of the trunk transmission line 303 in the microstrip feed line assembly 300 is connected to the outer core of the coaxial microstrip feed line 301 through a solder joint, and the radiation unit 201 is connected to the inner core of the coaxial microstrip feed line 301 through a solder joint.

[0109] The radiation unit 201 mainly comprises an I-shaped slot region formed by a first slot 2011 and a second slot 2012 symmetrically arranged with the center of the third slot 2013 as the symmetry center, and one side of the I-shaped slot region is a radiation slot 2014 of a virtual trapezoidal region. A reflector 400 made of metal material is attached below the antenna to obtain unidirectional radiation and improve antenna gain.

[0110] The directional antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention has a high gain and can be effectively applied to directional wireless transmission products, such as bridges, base stations, radars, GPS and other products. It can also adapt to different transmission environments. In scenarios where the 2.4GHz band has severe interference, such as urban areas, the 5GHz band can be used to improve communication stability, while in suburban areas where there is less wireless interference, the 2.4GHz band can be used to achieve a longer transmission distance. Compared with traditional antennas, the present invention can use a simple PCB processing technology to select a lower-priced FR-4 material while ensuring high gain in both frequency bands, thereby reducing the cost of the antenna.

[0111] The present invention also provides an electronic device, which includes a device body and any of the above-mentioned directional antennas. The device body can be installed with the directional antenna to achieve wireless communication. The Internet of Things, smart hardware products and products that need to transmit data over the Internet can all apply the directional antenna.

[0112] It should be noted that the technical solutions in various embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other, but the basis for the mutual combination is that it can be implemented by ordinary technicians in the field; when the combination of technical solutions is mutually contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such combination of technical solutions does not exist, that is, it does not belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0113] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A directional antenna, characterized in that: The invention comprises a reflector, a dielectric substrate arranged on the reflector, and at least one slot antenna array arranged on the dielectric substrate, wherein: The dielectric substrate has a first surface and a second surface disposed back to back; The slot antenna array is arranged on the first surface of the dielectric substrate, and the slot antenna array includes a plurality of radiating units arranged in an array, each of the radiating units includes a first slot and a second slot arranged relatively parallel to each other, and a third slot is connected between the first slot and the second slot.

2. The directional antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: One side of the first slot and / or the second slot is connected with a radiation slot, and the radiation slot is located on a side of the first slot or the second slot away from the third slot.

3. The directional antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The radiation slot has a first radiation edge and a second radiation edge which are arranged opposite to each other; The first radiating edge and the second radiating edge are arranged at an angle to each other, the first ends of the first radiating edge and the second radiating edge are connected to each other, and the second ends of the first radiating edge and the second radiating edge are both connected to the side of the first gap or the second gap.

4. The directional antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: A distance between the second end of the first radiation edge and the second end of the second radiation edge is smaller than a length of a side of the first slot or the second slot.

5. The directional antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: A third radiation edge is connected between the first end of the first radiation edge and the first end of the second radiation edge; The third radiation edge is parallel to a side edge of the first slot or the second slot, and the first radiation edge, the second radiation edge and the third radiation edge together form a virtual trapezoidal area.

6. The directional antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a microstrip feeder assembly for feeding the directional antenna, wherein the microstrip feeder assembly includes a plurality of microstrip feeders, and the position of each microstrip feeder corresponds one-to-one to the position of each radiation unit; Two adjacent microstrip feeder lines are arranged opposite to each other, and are connected via a branch transmission line, and two adjacent branch transmission lines are connected via a trunk transmission line, and a feeding interface is provided on the trunk transmission line.

7. The directional antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: The branch transmission line and the trunk transmission line are connected via an impedance matching branch.

8. The directional antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The reflective plate is located on one side of the second surface of the dielectric substrate, and a gap is left between the reflective plate and the second surface of the dielectric substrate.

9. The directional antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: A plurality of radiation units arranged in an array are provided on the patch body, and the distance between two adjacent radiation units is 30 mm to 40 mm; The length of the dielectric substrate is 120 mm to 160 mm, and the width of the dielectric substrate is 30 mm to 50 mm.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that: It comprises a device body and the directional antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the directional antenna is applied to the device body.

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