Comprehensive regulation and control method suitable for improving severe saline-alkaline dry land on coastal mud flat

Abstract

A comprehensive regulation and control method suitable for improvement of a coastal mud flat severe saline-alkaline dry land comprises the steps that firstly, the area of a field needing to be improved and the soil salinity are measured, the use amount of acid volcanic rock debris and the use amount of high-fiber fermented wood chips are calculated, the application amount of the acid volcanic rock debris is 6-10 cubic meters / mu, and the use amount of the high-fiber fermented wood chips is 85-150 kg / mu; secondly, when the soil salinity is gt; when 0.8%, canal irrigation tube row is combined for concealed tube salt elimination, and the salt is reduced to about 0.4%; thirdly, uniformly scattering acidic volcanic rock debris and high-fiber fermented sawdust into the severe saline-alkali soil, then ploughing the field with the ploughing depth of 5-20 cm, uniformly mixing the field with soil, and then planting and cultivating dry farming crops to complete comprehensive regulation and control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of land management and agricultural utilization of coastal tidal flat saline-alkali land, and specifically relates to a method suitable for improving soil in a heavy saline-alkali dry farming system on coastal tidal flats and improving farmland fertility. Background Art

[0002] The salt content of severe saline-alkali land and salt wasteland in coastal tidal flats is generally greater than 4‰, or even 6‰. At present, engineering irrigation and drainage measures are often used to control salt. However, due to the high salt content of severe saline-alkali land, in order to tap its agricultural potential, in addition to crop variety optimization, it is still necessary to focus on the development of technologies for fertilizing without reducing saline-alkali barriers or reducing and fertilizing at the same time. Desulfurized gypsum, as a waste of coal desulfurization, has significant effects in reducing alkali and salt, improving microbial activity, and promoting plant growth and development. In addition to the direct effects of acid-base neutralization and lowering pH on saline soil, organic acid materials also have indirect effects of improving soil buffering performance and increasing nutrient storage capacity. However, the application objects of the above technologies are mostly based on saline-alkali cultivated land, which is difficult to meet the fertile soil requirements of severe saline-alkali wasteland. In view of the characteristics of severe saline-alkali land in coastal tidal flats without aggregate structure, in order to improve its soil nutrient storage capacity, it is necessary to first construct a suitable arable layer structure and improve the soil ventilation, water permeability and fertilizer retention capacity. Although the methods of returning straw to the field, applying organic fertilizer, burying underground pipes, digging open ditches, and flooding to wash salt adopted by Chinese inventions CN117426192A and CN118020428A can improve soil fertility, relying solely on organic regulation requires the input of a large amount of organic materials, and the improvement effect is unstable due to the influence of the material type. Although the earthworm active culture medium method proposed by Chinese invention CN111684890A can increase the decomposition of organic matter and nutrient release, increase soil aggregate content, reduce bulk density, increase capillary porosity, increase field water holding capacity, and improve soil physical and chemical properties, it is not very applicable on coastal tidal flats and dry land, and high chlorine poisoning will also threaten earthworm growth. Chinese invention CN111386822A mixes ceramsite of different particle sizes in an optimized mass ratio, and mixes it evenly with the topsoil layer by rotary tillage or powder ridge, and reduces nutrient leaching loss by optimizing the type, amount and application method of nitrogen fertilizer. However, porous ceramsite is often strongly alkaline (pH>9), which may increase the soil pH and increase the risk of soil salt damage. The soil in the heavily saline-alkali coastal tidal flats has high salinity, shallow groundwater, strong salt return, and no agglomeration structure in the soil, resulting in low nutrient storage capacity and poor water and fertilizer storage capacity, and few types of crops are suitable for planting. Summary of the invention

[0003] Technical problems solved: In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, this discovery provides a comprehensive control method suitable for the improvement of heavily saline-alkali dry land in coastal tidal flats. The core of this technology is "new acidic porous improver + high-fiber fermented sawdust shallow plowing" to achieve rapid construction of a suitable tillage layer in the soil: acidic volcanic rock debris is used as the improved matrix, which is rich in large pores, can improve soil pH and accelerate soil salt leaching; high-fiber fermented sawdust is a woody organic material that is not easy to decompose, and can improve the soil aggregation structure through the cementation of organic matter.

[0004] Technical solution: A comprehensive control method suitable for improving severely saline-alkali dry land on coastal tidal flats, the steps are: first, measure the field area and soil salinity that need to be improved, calculate the amount of acidic volcanic rock debris and high-fiber fermented sawdust, the salinity is not higher than 4‰, the application amount of the acidic volcanic rock debris is 6-10 cubic meters / mu, and the high-fiber fermented sawdust is 85-150 kg / mu; when the salinity increases by 1‰, the input of acidic volcanic rock debris increases by 3-5%, and the input of high-fiber fermented sawdust increases by 20-30 kg / mu; secondly, when the soil salinity is >8‰, combine canal irrigation and pipe drainage to drain salt through hidden pipes to reduce the salt to about 4‰; evenly spread acidic volcanic rock debris and high-fiber fermented sawdust in the severely saline-alkali land, and then plow the field to a plowing depth of 5-20 cm, mix evenly with the soil, and then plant and cultivate dryland crops to complete comprehensive control.

[0005] Preferably, the salinity is not higher than 4‰, and the application amount of the above-mentioned acidic volcanic rock fragments is 6.7 cubic meters per mu.

[0006] Preferably, the salinity is no higher than 4‰, and the above-mentioned high-fiber fermented sawdust is 88kg / mu.

[0007] Preferably, the acidic volcanic rock fragments have a pH of 5.5 to 6.5 and a diameter of 6 to 9 mm.

[0008] Preferably, the high-fiber fermented sawdust raw material is at least one of fermented sawdust, woody peat, and lignin, and has an average particle size of 3 to 6 mm.

[0009] When the above salinity is higher than 4‰, the salinity of saline-alkali dry land increases by 1‰, the input of acidic volcanic rock debris increases by 3-5%, and the input of high-fiber fermented sawdust increases by 20-30kg / mu.

[0010] Before applying acidic volcanic rock fragments and high-fiber fermented sawdust, the land should be tilled, and after returning the straw to the field, humic acid bio-organic fertilizer and slow-release fertilizer should be applied.

[0011] The above-mentioned humic acid biological organic fertilizer contains humic acid ≥25%, fulvic acid ≥5%, organic matter ≥40%, and effective live bacteria ≥20 million / gram. The application amount per mu is 410kg, and superphosphate is 38kg. The slow-release fertilizer (25-13-7) is applied as a base of 40kg / mu, and 10kg / mu of urea is applied as a topdressing during the jointing period.

[0012] Beneficial effect: The present invention adopts the acid porous improver + high-fiber fermented sawdust shallow tillage technology, which can reduce the soil salt content by more than 0.3-0.7‰ after one application, avoid frequent application in the field, and effectively increase the soil organic matter content by 0.23-0.95g kg -1 The high-fiber fermented sawdust that is not easy to decompose can effectively prevent the rapid decomposition of soil organic matter, increase the soil nutrient storage capacity, and thus continuously improve soil fertility. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 To compare the effects of crop seedlings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] The following examples are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and their purpose is to enable people familiar with the technology to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and they cannot limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent transformation or modification made according to the spirit of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. The soil conditioners and fertilizer test materials used in the embodiments are all conventional test materials in the field and can be purchased through commercial channels.

[0015] The present invention aims at the problems of repeated salinization, poor agglomeration structure, few effective nutrients, low nutrient utilization rate, etc. encountered in the cultivation of dry season crops in severe saline-alkali land. A certain ratio of acidic volcanic rock debris and high-fiber fermented sawdust are used as improved matrix. The acidic volcanic rock debris material used in the present invention has a relatively stable structure and chemical composition, and is rich in large pores, which can accelerate the leaching of soil salt; non-capillary pores can effectively avoid the problem of rising salt content caused by soil salt return; in addition, the soil pH can be improved through acid-base neutralization, thereby improving the cultivation environment. In addition, the high-fiber fermented sawdust used in the patent belongs to woody organic materials, which are not easy to decompose. It can improve the soil agglomeration structure through the cementation of organic matter, improve the soil nutrient storage capacity, and thus increase the duration of the regulation effect.

[0016] The test plot is located in the south of the heavily saline-alkali land in the second area of ​​Dongtai Tiaozini Reclamation Area in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province. The average soil salt content is 7.53g / kg, the organic matter content of the surface soil is 1.24g / kg, the soil salinity is high, the groundwater is shallow, the salt return is strong, the nutrient storage capacity is low, the water and fertilizer storage capacity is poor, and the salt-tolerant grain and cash crops and their salt-resistant planting technology are insufficient. This implementation case uses a canal irrigation pipe paved with sand and gravel filter material to discharge salt secretly. On this basis, the method of fertilizing the barley tillage layer in the heavily saline-alkali land on the coastal beach provided includes:

[0017] Comparative Example 1 (CK):

[0018] It was determined that the soil salt content of the plot before planting was 3.61‰ after salt was discharged through the concealed pipe. Before planting crops, the saline-alkali land was plowed once, with a plowing depth of 15-20cm; the purpose was to turn the crop straw from the previous season into the soil, while improving the soil environment and blocking salt and alkali; cow dung organic fertilizer was applied, with an application rate of 3700kg per mu; at the same time, 15kg of compound fertilizer was applied per mu as base fertilizer, and the shallow plowing was 5-10cm. In the later stage, topdressing was carried out three times, with 20kg / mu and 25kg / mu of urea applied in the seedling stage and jointing stage respectively, and 10kg / mu of compound fertilizer and 20kg / mu of urea were applied in the booting stage.

[0019] Embodiment 1 (SS1):

[0020] It was determined that the soil salt content of the plot before planting was 4.07‰ after salt was discharged through the dark pipe. Before planting crops, the saline-alkali land was plowed once, with a plowing depth of 15-20cm; the purpose was to turn the crop straw from the previous season into the soil, while improving the soil environment and blocking salt and alkali; at the same time, 6.7 cubic meters / mu of acidic volcanic rock debris, 88kg / mu of high-fiber fermented sawdust, and cow dung organic fertilizer were applied, with an application rate of 3700kg per mu; at the same time, 15kg of compound fertilizer was applied per mu as base fertilizer, and the shallow plowing was 5-10cm. In the later stage, topdressing was carried out three times, with 20kg / mu and 25kg / mu of urea applied in the seedling stage and jointing stage respectively, and 10kg / mu of compound fertilizer and 20kg / mu of urea were applied in the booting stage.

[0021] Embodiment 2 (SS2):

[0022] It has been determined that the soil salt content of the plot before planting was 4.24‰ after salt was discharged through a concealed pipe. Before planting crops, the saline-alkali land was plowed once, with a plowing depth of 15-20cm, in order to turn the crop straw from the previous season into the soil. 6.7 cubic meters / mu of acidic volcanic rock debris and 88 kg / mu of high-fiber fermented sawdust were applied. At the same time, humic acid bio-organic fertilizer A (humic acid ≥25%, fulvic acid ≥5%, organic matter ≥40%, and effective live bacteria count ≥20 million / gram) was spread on the soil at an application rate of 410 kg per mu, and superphosphate 38 kg. Slow-release fertilizer (25-13-7) was applied as a base of 40 kg / mu. 10 kg / mu of urea was applied during the jointing period.

[0023] Embodiment 3 (SS3):

[0024] It was determined that the soil salt content of the plot before planting was 4.54‰ after salt was discharged through a concealed pipe. Before planting crops, the saline-alkali land was plowed once, with a plowing depth of 15-20cm, in order to turn the crop straw from the previous season into the soil. 6.7 cubic meters / mu of acidic volcanic rock debris and 88 kg / mu of high-fiber fermented sawdust were applied. At the same time, humic acid bio-organic fertilizer B (humic acid ≥25%, organic matter ≥35%, effective live bacteria ≥200 million / gram) was spread on the soil at an application rate of 410 kg per mu, and superphosphate 38 kg. Slow-release fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O 25-13-7) was applied as a base of 40 kg / mu. 10 kg / mu of urea was applied during the jointing period.

[0025] In 2023-2024, a comparative test of field dryland fertilization technology was carried out in the coastal saline-alkali land of northern Jiangsu, with 360m 2 . Barley was cultivated according to the fertilization methods of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1. After harvest, the fertilization rate was 1m 2 The barley yield and thousand-grain weight were measured with six replicates in each region, and the soil salt content, nutrients and other indicators were also measured.

[0026] Table 1 Comparison of barley yield data of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1

[0027] deal with Yield (kg / mu) Average yield increase (%) Thousand-grain weight (g) Yield increase effect (%) CK 1384.00±80.61 - 40.30±3.54 - SS1 4537.00±977.22 227.82 48.85±2.05 21.22 SS2 3904.50±508.41 182.12 44.00±0.42 9.18 SS3 4294.50±898.58 210.30 42.65±1.91 6.09

[0028] Table 2 Comparison of soil salinity data after the end of barley season between Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1

[0029]

[0030] Table 3 Comparison of soil nutrient data of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1

[0031]

[0032] Through the test, it can be known that compared with the conventional straw return to the field with the application of cow dung organic fertilizer (comparative example), the present invention adopts the conventional straw return to the field with the application of volcanic rock debris and high-fiber fermented sawdust (Examples 1-3), and the barley yield is significantly increased, the soil salt content is reduced, the organic matter content is increased, and the soil available nutrient content is significantly increased. In particular, the conventional straw return to the field with the application of volcanic rock debris and high-fiber fermented sawdust is improved by using humic acid bio-organic fertilizer instead of traditional cow dung organic fertilizer, and slow-release fertilizer is used to delay the release of nutrients (Examples 2-3), which has the advantages of saving costs, increasing production and increasing efficiency.

[0033] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for technicians in this technical field, without departing from the application of the technical principles, several improvements and substitutions can be made with respect to soil types and crop varieties. These improvements and substitutions should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A comprehensive control method suitable for improving coastal tidal flats with severe saline-alkali dry land, characterized in that: The steps are as follows: first, measure the field area and soil salinity that need to be improved, calculate the amount of acidic volcanic rock debris and high-fiber fermented sawdust, the salinity is not higher than 4‰, the application amount of the acidic volcanic rock debris is 6-10 cubic meters per mu, and the high-fiber fermented sawdust is 85-150 kg per mu; when the salinity increases by 1‰, the input of acidic volcanic rock debris increases by 3-5%, and the input of high-fiber fermented sawdust increases by 20-30 kg per mu; secondly, when the soil salinity is greater than 8‰, carry out secret pipe drainage in combination with canal irrigation and pipe drainage to reduce the salt to 2‰-4‰; evenly spread acidic volcanic rock debris and high-fiber fermented sawdust in the heavily saline-alkali land, and then plow the field to a depth of 5-20 cm, mix evenly with the soil, and then plant and cultivate dryland crops to complete comprehensive regulation.

2. The comprehensive control method suitable for improving coastal tidal flats with severe saline-alkali dry land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The salinity is not higher than 4‰, and the application amount of the acidic volcanic rock debris is 6.7 cubic meters per mu.

3. The comprehensive control method suitable for improving coastal tidal flats with severe saline-alkali dry land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The salinity is not higher than 4‰, and the high-fiber fermented sawdust is 88kg / mu.

4. The comprehensive control method suitable for improving coastal tidal flats with severe saline-alkali dry land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acidic volcanic rock fragments have a pH of 5.5-6.5 and a diameter of 6-9 mm.

5. The comprehensive control method suitable for improving coastal tidal flats with severe saline-alkali dry land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-fiber fermented sawdust raw material is at least one of fermented sawdust, woody peat, and lignin, and has an average particle size of 3 to 6 mm.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Before applying acidic volcanic rock fragments and high-fiber fermented sawdust, the land should be tilled, and after returning the straw to the field, humic acid bio-organic fertilizer and slow-release fertilizer should be applied.

7. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The humic acid biological organic fertilizer contains ≥25% humic acid, ≥5% fulvic acid, ≥40% organic matter, and ≥20 million effective live bacteria per gram. The application amount per mu is 410 kg, and superphosphate is 38 kg. The slow-release fertilizer (25-13-7) is applied at a base of 40 kg per mu, and 10 kg per mu of urea is applied at the jointing stage.

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