Fly ash-based artificial planting soil and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of artificial planting soil, and discloses fly ash-based artificial planting soil and a preparation method thereof. The fly ash-based artificial planting soil comprises the following raw materials: 30-50% of fly ash; 5-15% of pine needles; 5-20% of coco coir; 5%-10% of manure; 10-20% of honeycomb briquette slag and 5-10% of peanut shells. The coco coir and the peanut shells are quantitatively added into the fly ash, so that the air permeability and the water permeability of the artificial planting soil are greatly improved, and the obtained artificial planting soil is soft and not hardened. The peanut shells and the manure can provide nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients for plants and promote the growth of plant roots. The honeycomb briquette slag is used as the bottom layer of the artificial planting soil, is permeable to air and water and can adsorb heavy metal ions in the fly ash, and the heavy metal ions are prevented from affecting nutrient absorption of plants. All the raw materials are low in cost and easy to obtain, waste is processed into artificial planting soil, and the ecological environment can be prevented from being damaged by soil taking.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of artificial planting soil, and specifically discloses fly ash-based artificial planting soil and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Soil is the main material basis and resource that plants rely on for survival. The planting of potted flowers and the greening of garden landscapes are inseparable from soil. Currently, land resources are becoming increasingly scarce due to the influence of natural forces and urbanization, and the soil quality in some areas continues to deteriorate.

[0003] Fly ash has similar chemical composition to soil, mainly SiO2 and Al2O3, and is rich in trace elements necessary for plant growth. It has natural advantages in preparing soil improvement materials. Therefore, fly ash is often used in the existing technology to prepare artificial planting soil, which not only improves soil quality, but also solves the problem of industrial solid waste fly ash occupying a large amount of land, polluting the environment and endangering human health.

[0004] The existing artificial planting soil prepared by using fly ash has the problem that the soil hardness is too high, and water is difficult to penetrate into the soil, which affects the normal growth of plants. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fly ash-based artificial planting soil and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the technical problem that the existing artificial planting soil prepared using fly ash has too high soil hardness, water is difficult to penetrate into the soil, and affects the normal growth of plants.

[0006] The first aspect of the present invention provides a fly ash-based artificial planting soil, comprising the following raw materials:

[0007]

[0008] Preferably, the manure is vermicompost;

[0009] The vermicompost is excrement excreted by earthworms raised with cow dung or sheep dung.

[0010] Preferably, the length of the pine needles is 2 to 4 cm.

[0011] Preferably, the pine needles are fermented, decomposed and sterilized pine needles.

[0012] Preferably, the particle size of the honeycomb coal slag is 3 to 6 mm.

[0013] Preferably, the coconut bran is fermented, decomposed and desalted coconut bran.

[0014] Preferably, the peanut shells are crushed and fermented peanut shells.

[0015] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned fly ash-based artificial planting soil, comprising:

[0016] The coconut bran, peanut shells and fly ash are mixed evenly to obtain a mixture, and the mixture is laid on the upper layer of honeycomb coal slag;

[0017] Laying pine needles on the upper layer of the mixture to obtain a semi-finished product;

[0018] Manure is used to prepare manure water, which is then poured into the semi-finished product to obtain fly ash-based artificial planting soil.

[0019] Preferably, the ratio of manure to clean water in the manure water is 1:2-4.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the fly ash-based artificial planting soil and the preparation method thereof of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The present invention quantitatively adds coconut husk and peanut shells to fly ash, which greatly improves the air permeability and water permeability of the artificial planting soil, making the obtained artificial planting soil soft and not compacted. Furthermore, in order to improve water retention, the present invention also uses 5-15% pine needles as the surface layer of the artificial planting soil. The peanut shells and manure of the present invention can provide nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to plants, and promote the growth of plant roots. The present invention uses honeycomb coal slag as the bottom layer of artificial planting soil, which is air-permeable and water-permeable and can absorb heavy metal ions in fly ash to prevent heavy metal ions from affecting plant absorption of nutrients.

[0022] The present invention utilizes fly ash, pine needles, coconut bran, earthworm castings, honeycomb coal slag, and peanut shells to prepare artificial soil for flower cultivation, which can not only purify the air and beautify the environment, but also realize the resource utilization of industrial solid waste fly ash, reduce the harm of fly ash to the environment, and create more economic and social benefits. Among the raw materials for preparing fly ash-based artificial planting soil, the most mainly used fly ash is the solid waste resource with the largest emission in my country, the used pine needles are the "garbage" of the metabolism of pine trees, the coconut bran is the byproduct or waste of processed coconut, the peanut shell and honeycomb coal slag belong to wet garbage and dry garbage respectively, the earthworm castings are the excrement of earthworms processing livestock and poultry manure, etc., all of which are common materials in the agricultural market, cheap and easy to obtain, suitable for batch planting, and the configured fly ash-based artificial planting soil is loose and breathable, has good drainage, contains rich humus, and can provide the nutrients required for the growth of flowers.

[0023] The present invention opens up a new and effective way to prepare artificial soil by using industrial solid waste pulverized coal in the fields of agriculture and planting, directly transforms the waste into artificial land resources, replaces the transplantation of foreign soil, and avoids the ecological environment damage caused by soil extraction.

[0024] The present invention can be applied to household potted flower planting, urban environmental greening, etc. It also provides more possibilities for expanding in-depth application development in more other scenarios such as land desertification control and land sand restoration, and can achieve diversified "added benefits".

[0025] The raw materials of the invention are cheap and easily available, the operation method is simple, and the entire soil making process basically does not involve chemical processes, will not cause new pollution, and has the technical conditions for large-scale promotion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 The present invention is a flowchart of a method for preparing fly ash-based artificial planting soil in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0028] A first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides a fly ash-based artificial planting soil, comprising the following raw materials in the following mass ratios:

[0029]

[0030] Since coconut bran and peanut shells are quantitatively added to fly ash in the present invention, the air permeability and water permeability of the prepared artificial planting soil can be improved, so that the obtained artificial planting soil is soft and not compacted. Coconut bran can prolong the release time of nutrients in manure through its own water retention performance, so that plants can absorb nutrients more stably, and promote the decomposition of peanut shells. The decomposition process of peanut shells can also produce acidic substances, which helps to balance the alkaline effects that may be brought by coconut bran and fly ash. Furthermore, in order to improve water retention, the present invention also uses 5-15% pine needles as the surface layer of the artificial planting soil. The pine needles cover the soil surface, which can effectively reduce the fluctuation of soil temperature. In summer, pine needles can block part of the solar radiation and reduce the soil temperature; in winter, pine needles can also play a role in heat preservation and reduce the loss of soil heat.

[0031] The heavy metal ions contained in fly ash are harmful to plant growth, causing obstacles for plant absorption of elements, and causing yellowing of leaves. To solve this problem, the artificial planting soil of the present invention also includes honeycomb coal slag laid on the bottom layer, which not only has the advantage of absorbing heavy metal ions, but also has the function of improving air permeability and water permeability. The present invention uses 10-20% of honeycomb coal slag to absorb 30-50% of heavy metal ions in fly ash, and the effect is the best.

[0032] In order to improve the nutrients of artificial planting soil, the artificial planting soil of the present invention also contains 5-10% manure and 5-10% peanut shells. Peanut shells and manure can provide nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc. to plants and promote the growth of plant roots. The amount of peanut shells and manure can ensure that the nutrients are moderate and there will be no "burning of roots". The organic matter in the manure can nourish the microbial community on the surface of honeycomb coal slag, promote the reproduction and activity of microorganisms, and further improve the "soil structure" of the artificial planting soil.

[0033] All raw materials of the present invention are cheap and easily available, and waste is processed into artificial planting soil to replace foreign soil for transplantation, thus avoiding ecological damage caused by soil extraction. The entire soil making process basically does not involve chemical processes and will not cause new pollution.

[0034] The manure in the present invention can be earthworm manure, cow manure, sheep manure, etc. Since earthworm manure has comprehensive nutrients, does not burn roots, has no odor and no pathogens, has a good granular structure, and can improve the air permeability and water retention of the soil, earthworm manure is preferably used in the embodiment of the present invention, and the earthworm manure is preferably the feces excreted by earthworms raised with cow manure or sheep manure.

[0035] In order to improve water retention while ensuring air permeability, the length of the pine needles in the embodiment of the present invention is 2 to 4 cm; in order to prevent the pine needles from carrying insect eggs and bacteria and to ensure that the nutrients in the pine needles can be absorbed by plants, the pine needles used in the embodiment of the present invention are fermented, decomposed and sterilized pine needles.

[0036] In order to ensure the air permeability and water permeability of the bottom of the artificial planting soil and avoid water accumulation leading to rot of plant roots, the particle size of the honeycomb coal slag in the embodiment of the present invention is 3-6 mm.

[0037] In order to prevent the cellulose, hemicellulose and other difficult-to-decompose substances contained in the coconut bran from affecting the absorption of nutrients by plants, producing volatile organic compounds such as ammonia that are harmful to plants, and breeding pathogens to cause soil diseases, the coconut bran used in the embodiment of the present invention is fermented and decomposed coconut bran. Furthermore, since the salt content in the coconut bran is relatively high, in order to avoid the high salt content from having an adverse effect on the growth of plants and even causing the death of plants, the coconut bran needs to be desalted.

[0038] The peanut shells in the embodiment of the present invention are crushed and fermented peanut shells, because fermented peanut shells can produce many organic nutrients and microorganisms required by plants, which can provide sufficient nutrients for plants and promote healthy growth of plants.

[0039] The proportion range of each component in the present invention is determined according to the characteristics of each component and the growth requirements of the plant. These components work synergistically in the appropriate proportion to create a good and suitable environment for the growth of the plant. Excessive fly ash may cause the soil to become too dry and hardened, affecting the root development of the plant and posing a threat to plant and human health. Excessive use of coconut bran may cause the soil to be too moist, increasing the risk of plant root diseases. Excessive use of manure may lead to excess nutrients in the soil, causing "root burn" to plants. Excessive use of honeycomb coal slag and pine needles will cause the soil to become loose, which is not conducive to the fixation of plant roots. Therefore, when preparing fly ash-based artificial planting soil, it should be mixed strictly in accordance with the appropriate proportions of the present invention to ensure that the quality of the soil and the growth requirements of the plant are met.

[0040] A second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned fly ash-based artificial planting soil, comprising:

[0041] Step 1: Evenly mix coconut bran, peanut shells and fly ash to obtain a mixture, and spread the mixture on the upper layer of honeycomb coal slag.

[0042] The coconut bran in the embodiment of the present invention is fermented, decomposed and desalted coconut bran, which can be purchased coconut bran bricks, and is directly used after being soaked in water for 15 minutes.

[0043] The peanut shells in the embodiment of the present invention are crushed and fermented peanut shells, and the preparation method thereof is: collect an appropriate amount of peanut shells, expose them to the sun for 2 to 3 days, remove impurities, crush them and put them into bags, add rice washing water, noodle soup and peel water, stir them repeatedly to make the peanut shells absorb enough water, seal them and expose them to the sun for 1 to 2 months until they are fully decomposed and brown and no longer generate heat.

[0044] The fly ash in the embodiment of the present invention is raw fly ash directly obtained from dust collection in a coal-fired power plant, that is, it has not been subjected to any sorting, grinding or other processing techniques.

[0045] In the embodiment of the present invention, the honeycomb coal slag preferably uses honeycomb coal slag with a particle size of 3 to 6 mm. The preparation method of the honeycomb coal slag is: collect the burnt brown-red honeycomb coal, break it into honeycomb coal slag with basically uniform size and a particle size of 3 to 6 mm, exclude or remove the black residue that is not burnt through, wash away the dust particles with rainwater, retain the coarse particles of the honeycomb coal slag and dry it.

[0046] Taking flower planting as an example, spread the honeycomb coal slag at the bottom of the flowerpot according to the ratio, then mix the coconut bran, peanut shells and fly ash according to the ratio to get the mixture, and spread the mixture on the upper layer of the honeycomb coal slag until it is level with the mouth of the pot, pat or shake the flowerpot, and let it sink naturally to about 2 cm from the mouth of the pot; at this time, the seedlings can be planted. When planting, the roots should be kept stretched and should not be entangled or bent. A small amount of excessively long roots should be cut off.

[0047] Step 2: Spread pine needles on the upper layer of the mixture to obtain a semi-finished product.

[0048] The pine needles in the embodiment of the present invention are dried, cut into small segments of 2 to 4 cm, fermented, decomposed and sterilized, and spread on the surface of the potting soil according to a proportion as the surface layer.

[0049] Step 3: prepare manure water using manure, and pour the manure water into the semi-finished product to obtain fly ash-based artificial planting soil. The ratio of manure to clean water in the manure water is 1:2-4, such as 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, etc., preferably 1:3.

[0050] For example, mix earthworm castings and clean water in a ratio of 1:3 to make earthworm castings water, shake well and water the flowers.

[0051] The fly ash-based artificial planting soil of the present invention has low cost and can improve the water content and air permeability of the soil. It can not only absorb fly ash and improve the level of solid waste resource utilization, but also achieve the dual benefits of "viewing + economy".

[0052] The effect of the artificial planting soil of the present invention will be verified by specific examples below.

[0053] Example 1

[0054] Take 1.6kg of honeycomb coal slag to pad the bottom of the flower pot, mix 1.2kg of fermented and desalted coconut bran, 0.8kg of fermented and crushed peanut shells and 2.4kg of fly ash according to the ratio, put 1 / 3 of the mixture into the flower pot, plant bougainvillea seedlings, and then pour the rest of the mixture, level the potting soil for bougainvillea seedlings, spread 1.2kg of pine needle layer on the surface of the potting soil, and then dilute 0.8kg of vermicompost with clean water in a ratio of 1:3 to obtain vermicompost water. According to the actual conditions such as light, temperature, moisture content of artificial planting soil, etc., vermicompost water and tap water are used alternately for watering in the later stage. The growth of bougainvillea is better than that of the control group (with ordinary soil planting as the control).

[0055] Example 2

[0056] Take 1.2kg of honeycomb coal slag to pad the bottom of the flower pot, mix 0.96kg of fermented and desalted coconut bran, 0.64kg of fermented and crushed peanut shells and 3.6kg of fly ash according to the proportion, put 1 / 3 of the mixture into the flower pot, plant Bougainvillea seedlings, and then pour the rest of the mixture, level the Bougainvillea seedling potting soil, spread 1.2kg of pine needle layer on the soil surface, and then dilute 0.4kg of vermicompost with clean water in a ratio of 1:3 to obtain vermicompost water. According to the actual conditions such as light, temperature, moisture content of artificial planting soil, etc., vermicompost water and tap water are used alternately for watering in the later stage. The growth of Bougainvillea is better than that of the control group (with ordinary soil planting as the control).

[0057] Example 3

[0058] 1.44 kg of fermented, decomposed and desalted coconut bran, 0.8 kg of fermented, decomposed crushed peanut shells and 4 kg of fly ash were mixed evenly according to a ratio, 1 / 3 of the mixture was put into a flowerpot, and bougainvillea seedlings were planted, and the remaining part of the mixture was poured in, the bougainvillea seedling potted soil was leveled, 1.12 kg of pine needle layer was spread on the soil surface, and 0.64 kg of worm castings was diluted with clean water in a ratio of 1:3 to obtain worm castings water, and worm castings water and tap water were used alternately for irrigation in the later stage according to actual conditions such as light, temperature, and moisture content of artificial planting soil. The growth of bougainvillea was better than that of the control group (with ordinary soil planting as a control), but the growth lagged behind that of Example 2.

[0059] The comparative data of the planting effects of the plants in the above-mentioned Examples 1 to 3 and the planting effects of the plants in ordinary soil are shown in Table 1.

[0060] Table 1 Comparison data of planting effects

[0061]

[0062] It can be seen from the results obtained in the above examples that the fly ash-based artificial planting soil of the present invention is water-permeable, has good air permeability, is sufficient in nutrients, and is suitable for plant growth.

[0063] The above are only several embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention is disclosed as above in the form of a preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any technician familiar with the profession, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, using the above disclosed technical content to make slight changes or modifications are equivalent to equivalent implementation cases and fall within the scope of the technical solution.

Claims

1. A fly ash-based artificial planting soil, characterized in that: Including the following raw materials:

2. The fly ash-based artificial planting soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The manure is earthworm castings; The vermicompost is excrement excreted by earthworms raised with cow dung or sheep dung.

3. The fly ash-based artificial planting soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the pine needles is 2 to 4 cm.

4. The fly ash-based artificial planting soil according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pine needles are fermented, decomposed and sterilized pine needles.

5. The fly ash-based artificial planting soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the honeycomb coal slag is 3 to 6 mm.

6. The fly ash-based artificial planting soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coconut bran is fermented, decomposed and desalted coconut bran.

7. The fly ash-based artificial planting soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The peanut shells are crushed and fermented peanut shells.

8. A method for preparing fly ash-based artificial planting soil according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: include: The coconut bran, peanut shells and fly ash are mixed evenly to obtain a mixture, and the mixture is laid on the upper layer of honeycomb coal slag; Laying pine needles on the upper layer of the mixture to obtain a semi-finished product; Manure is used to prepare manure water, which is then poured into the semi-finished product to obtain fly ash-based artificial planting soil.

9. The method for preparing fly ash-based artificial planting soil according to claim 8, characterized in that: The ratio of manure to clean water in the manure water is 1:2-4.

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