Ice hockey helmet 3D printing lining and printing method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an ice hockey helmet 3D printing lining and a printing method thereof, and relates to the technical field of helmets, the ice hockey helmet 3D printing lining comprises a first helmet lining, a second helmet lining, a third helmet lining and a fourth helmet lining, under the cooperation of a double-layer lattice structure, a single-layer lattice structure, an elastic layer, a breathable layer, an external force dynamic adjusting layer, a buffer memory layer, a temperature adjusting layer and an attaching positioning layer, all functional layers are tightly combined into a whole through the layer-by-layer construction advantage of the 3D printing technology, the structural integrity and function collaboration of the lining are improved, and the service life of the lining is prolonged. The helmet lining is comprehensively improved in the aspects of protection, comfort, air permeability, sweat absorption adjustment and the like, in the printing process, gradual change type parameter adjustment is adopted in a transition area of a single-layer lattice structure and a double-layer lattice structure, smooth connection is improved, and the printing quality of the helmet lining is improved. And stress concentration points are avoided, so that the shape can be effectively changed and the impact force can be dispersed when the whole body is impacted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of helmets, and in particular to a 3D printed lining of an ice hockey helmet and a printing method thereof. Background Art

[0002] More and more ice sports are attracting people's attention, among which ice hockey is particularly popular. More and more people are participating in ice hockey training and competitions. Participating in ice hockey requires a complete set of equipment, among which the use of ice hockey helmets is particularly critical, and the lining of ice hockey helmets is also an indispensable part.

[0003] At present, in the process of 3D printing lining of ice hockey helmets, conventional helmet linings are not very practical, so that when athletes wear them, the helmets are easy to rub against the wearer's head, affecting the wearing effect. In addition, during ice hockey sports, the user will be impacted by the ice hockey. If effective protection cannot be formed, it will cause harm to the user. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a 3D printed lining for ice hockey helmets and a printing method thereof. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a 3D printed lining of an ice hockey helmet and a printing method thereof, so as to solve the problem that in the process of 3D printing the lining of an ice hockey helmet, the conventional helmet lining is not practical, so that when the athlete wears it, the helmet is easy to rub against the wearer's head, affecting the wearing effect, and in ice hockey sports, it will be impacted by the ice hockey. If effective protection cannot be formed, it will cause harm to the user.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a 3D printed lining for an ice hockey helmet, comprising a first helmet lining, a second helmet lining, a third helmet lining, and a fourth helmet lining formed by a 3D printed lining operation;

[0006] The first helmet lining, the second helmet lining, the third helmet lining and the fourth helmet lining are all composed of an elastic layer, a breathable layer, a buffer memory layer, an external force dynamic adjustment layer, a temperature regulation layer and a fitting and positioning layer. The buffer memory layer has a structural unit of an elastic connection part. When impacted, these elastic connection parts can change shape so that the lining can adaptively fit the head and disperse the impact force. The interior of the temperature regulation layer is evenly distributed and filled with arrayed microcapsules, and the interior of the arrayed microcapsules is filled and encapsulated with phase change materials. The interior of the fitting and positioning layer is composed of a gel layer with raised points, and the outer ring diameter of the gel layer is tightly connected with a memory metal edge strip. The fitting and positioning layer is located at the back of the head and the auricle, and a regulation capsule is installed on its surface. The interior of the regulation capsule is filled with super absorbent polymer particles and antibacterial particles, which are used to adjust the temperature of the head and the auricle. After the sweat is absorbed, the super absorbent polymer particles expand, causing the two groups of symmetrical adjustment bags to deform and form clamping points. The elastic layer and the breathable layer are bonded by an adhesive with a microporous structure. The external force dynamic adjustment layer is composed of a double-layer lattice structure and a single-layer lattice structure. The external force dynamic adjustment layer is close to the inner side, and the area formed by the double-layer lattice structure inside is set to be soft and low in density to provide a comfortable fit. The external force dynamic adjustment layer is away from the inner side, and the single-layer lattice structure inside forms a hard structure with a density, so that the single-layer lattice structure is located outside the double-layer lattice structure to form a protective layer. The double-layer lattice structure is located at the bottom of the breathable layer to guide moisture to diffuse quickly to the breathable layer. The buffer memory layer and the external force dynamic adjustment layer are nested by connecting shielding metal wires.

[0007] Preferably, the first helmet liner, the second helmet liner, the third helmet liner and the fourth helmet liner are formed by a 3D printing lining operation of a hybrid material of carbon fiber and high-performance thermoplastic polyurethane.

[0008] A method for printing a 3D printed lining of an ice hockey helmet. In the 3D printed lining operation, the printing device for printing the 3D lining of the ice hockey helmet comprises a carrier body 1, a hinge-driven guide rail is installed at the top center end of the carrier body, guide columns are symmetrically installed on the left and right sides of the hinge-driven guide rail, and a lining printing adsorption plate is installed on the top of the hinge-driven guide rail and the guide column;

[0009] The printing method comprises the following steps:

[0010] S1. First, before printing, a high-precision three-dimensional model of the user's head is obtained by combining laser scanning and structured light scanning to accurately identify the characteristic points, pressure distribution and exercise habits of the athlete's head. Then, during the printing process, the carbon fiber and high-performance thermoplastic polyurethane mixed material is loaded into the material supply structure of the printing structure and the auxiliary printer. Then, the hinge-driven guide rail, the vertical-driven guide rail frame and the side sliding guide frame driving device on the carrier body are started to move the printing structure and the auxiliary printer to the initial printing position, so that the lining printing adsorption plate is in a state where it can receive the printed product;

[0011] S2. Secondly, the printing structure prints the main structure of the ice hockey helmet lining according to the preset 3D printing model data. Starting from the side close to the head, the elastic layer is printed first. When printing the connection part between the elastic layer and the breathable layer, the bonding operation is performed synchronously through an adhesive with a microporous structure. At the same time, the electrorheological fluid guide box accurately controls the flow rate of the electrorheological fluid flowing into the flow channel pipeline inside the printing structure through the electromagnetic flow regulating valve according to the feedback data of the flow sensor, so as to stabilize the deposition state of the material during the printing process and ensure the printing accuracy.

[0012] S3. Next, when printing to the external force dynamic adjustment layer, the printing structure first constructs a double-layer lattice structure with low softness and density according to the design requirements, and uses its special lattice arrangement to guide moisture to diffuse to the breathable layer, and then constructs a single-layer lattice structure outside the double-layer lattice structure to form a hard protective layer. In this process, the buffer memory layer and the external force dynamic adjustment layer gradually form a nested structure by connecting the shielding metal wire, and the array microcapsules of the temperature adjustment layer are evenly distributed and filled in the corresponding positions during the printing process, and the internally encapsulated phase change material is filled;

[0013] S4. After completing the printing of the main structure, the auxiliary printer starts the material conveying channel according to the preset instructions and the printing progress of the printing structure, and sprays different special functional coatings with antibacterial, wear-resistant, enhanced flexibility and other coatings to specific areas of the printed part, such as key parts on the surface of the gel layer of the bonding positioning layer. After that, the printing structure completes the printing of the bonding positioning layer, and the gel layer with raised points, the memory metal edge strip, and the adjustment capsule with super absorbent polymer particles and antibacterial particles at the back of the head and the auricle are constructed in sequence, so that the finished product of the 3D printed lining of the ice hockey helmet is completed.

[0014] Preferably, a vertical frame is installed on the top of the bearing frame body, a vertical drive guide frame is installed on one side of the vertical frame, and a side sliding guide frame is installed on the other side of the vertical frame, and the outer peripheral sides of the vertical drive guide frame and the side sliding guide frame are slidably connected with a positioning bearing connecting seat.

[0015] Preferably, a transverse hinge guide rail is installed on the top of the positioning bearing connecting seat, and the outside of the transverse hinge guide rail is slidably connected with a printing structure. A gear rotating structure is installed on the side of the printing structure. The gear rotating structure is meshed and connected by two sets of gears. The output end of the gear rotating structure and the printing structure form a rotational connection, and the printing structure is combined through 3D printing and 4D printing.

[0016] Preferably, an electrorheological fluid guide box is installed outside the printing structure, and the electrorheological fluid guide box is connected with the flow channel pipeline inside the printing structure through a flow sensor, an electromagnetic flow regulating valve and a conduit.

[0017] Preferably, an auxiliary printer is installed on the side end of the electrorheological fluid guide box, and the auxiliary printer cooperates with the printing structure to form a composite printing structure. The material conveying channel of the auxiliary printer conveys different special functional coatings, so that during the printing process, when the printing structure is constructing the main structure, the auxiliary printer sprays different special functional coatings onto specific areas of the printed part according to preset instructions and the printing progress of the printing structure.

[0018] Preferably, the auxiliary printer and the ejection end in the printing structure cooperate with the built-in omnidirectional rotating structure so that the ejection angle can be adjusted between 0 and 360 degrees;

[0019] In step S4, the auxiliary printer starts the material conveying channel according to the preset instructions and the printing progress of the printing structure, and sprays different special functional coatings such as antibacterial, wear-resistant, and enhanced flexibility coatings onto specific areas of the printed part. With the help of the auxiliary printer and the built-in omnidirectional rotating structure in the printing structure, the spraying angle is accurately adjusted between 0 and 360 degrees.

[0020] Preferably, a fast flow balance distribution switching structure is installed at the connection end between the auxiliary printer and the printing structure.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. In the present invention, by cooperating with a double-layer lattice structure, a single-layer lattice structure, an elastic layer, a breathable layer, an external force dynamic adjustment layer, a buffer memory layer, a temperature regulating layer and a fitting positioning layer, starting from the innermost elastic layer, the printing nozzle extrude the mixed material layer by layer according to a preset path and deposit it on the inner lining printing adsorption disk. While printing the elastic layer, the adhesive with a microporous structure is evenly distributed on the surface of the elastic layer through a special nozzle, so as to prepare for the subsequent bonding of the breathable layer. After that, when the elastic layer is printed to a certain thickness, the printing is suspended, and the adhesive is briefly cured by external ultraviolet irradiation, so that a stable connection is initially formed between the elastic layer and the breathable layer. Then, the breathable layer is printed, and the material is bonded to the cured elastic layer during the deposition process. The binder is tightly combined to form a good air permeable channel. After the air permeable layer is printed, the double-layer lattice structure continues to be printed, so that the print head can accurately construct a soft and low-density double-layer lattice shape according to the design model of the lattice structure to achieve the best comfortable fit and moisture guidance function. When printing the double-layer lattice structure, the movement speed of the print head and the amount of material extrusion are controlled to ensure the uniformity and stability of the lattice structure. After the double-layer lattice structure is completed, the single-layer lattice structure is printed, and the overall printing parameters are adjusted synchronously to make the material form a hard structure density and construct a protective layer. During the printing process, the transition area between the single-layer lattice structure and the double-layer lattice structure adopts a gradual parameter adjustment to improve smooth connection and avoid stress concentration points.

[0023] 2. In the present invention, by cooperating with the double-layer lattice structure and the single-layer lattice structure, in the process of printing the single-layer lattice structure, the buffer memory layer and the external force dynamic adjustment layer are gradually nested and connected by connecting the shielding metal wire, and the elastic connection part structural unit of the buffer memory layer is constructed according to a specific layout and direction during printing to ensure that it can effectively change its shape and disperse the impact force when it is hit. Subsequently, the temperature adjustment layer is printed. During the printing process, the arrayed microcapsules filled with phase change materials are uniformly mixed into the printing material, and the uniformity of the distribution of the microcapsules in the temperature adjustment layer is ensured, wherein the addition amount and distribution density of the microcapsules are Precise control is performed according to the temperature regulation requirements of the helmet lining, that is, the density of microcapsules is appropriately increased in the heat-prone areas of the head, and the density of microcapsules is reduced at the back of the head. Finally, the fitting and positioning layer is printed. When printing the fitting and positioning layer, the gel layer with raised points is printed first, and the gel material is quickly formed after extrusion and maintains its shape stability. Then, on the outer circle of the gel layer, the memory metal edge strip is tightly fastened to the gel layer, and the fitting and positioning layer is located at the back of the head and the auricle. At the same time, the adjustment capsule is printed and installed, and the super absorbent polymer particles and antibacterial particles are accurately filled into the adjustment capsule to ensure the sealing and functionality of the adjustment capsule.

[0024] 3. In the present invention, the liner printing adsorption plate is moved to the initial printing position by cooperating with the electrorheological fluid guide box and the fast flow balance distribution switching structure. During the printing process, the electrorheological fluid guide box monitors the flow of the electrorheological fluid in real time through the flow sensor, and according to the current printing speed and material extrusion amount of the printing structure, when the printing speed is accelerated, the electrorheological fluid flow is precisely controlled to increase, so that the material maintains a suitable viscosity, which is convenient for rapid extrusion and molding. When printing complex structures requires higher precision, the electrorheological fluid flow is reduced to improve the shaping ability of the material. When reaching a specific area or layer where special functional coatings need to be added, the auxiliary printer is started synchronously with the printing progress of the printing structure according to preset instructions, and the material channel is quickly switched according to the instructions using the fast flow balance distribution switching structure, so that when printing to the key parts of the protective layer of the helmet liner, the auxiliary printer sprays wear-resistant and impact-resistant reinforced coatings, and sprays soft and skin-friendly coatings in areas where the comfort of the liner contacting the skin needs to be improved. During the spraying process, the feedback adjustment of the flow sensor and the control structure is used to improve the accuracy of the coating spraying amount, and avoid the coating affecting the performance and appearance of the liner. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main view of a 3D liner printing structure of an ice hockey helmet according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of an inner lining model in a 3D inner lining of an ice hockey helmet of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 The present invention is a 3D lining printing structure of an ice hockey helmet Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at point A;

[0028] Figure 4 A 3D lining for an ice hockey helmet according to the present invention Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at B;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the printing composition of the lining in the 3D lining of an ice hockey helmet of the present invention.

[0030] In the figure: 1. hinge-driven guide rail; 2. hinge-driven guide rail; 3. guide column; 4. vertical drive guide rail frame; 5. positioning bearing connection seat; 6. side sliding guide frame; 7. horizontal hinge guide rail; 8. printing structure; 9. gear rotation structure; 10. electrorheological fluid guide box; 11. fast flow balance distribution switching structure; 12. auxiliary printer; 13. first helmet lining; 14. second helmet lining; 15. third helmet lining; 16. fourth helmet lining; 17. double-layer lattice structure; 18. single-layer lattice structure; 19. elastic layer; 20. breathable layer; 21. external force dynamic adjustment layer; 22. buffer memory layer; 23. temperature regulation layer; 24. fitting and positioning layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the implementation regulations described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Embodiment 1: In the present invention, referring to Figure 1 - Figure 5 As shown: a 3D printed lining of an ice hockey helmet, comprising a first helmet lining 13, a second helmet lining 14, a third helmet lining 15, and a fourth helmet lining 16 formed by 3D printing lining operation;

[0033] The first helmet lining 13, the second helmet lining 14, the third helmet lining 15 and the fourth helmet lining 16 are all composed of an elastic layer 19, a breathable layer 20, a buffer memory layer 22, an external force dynamic adjustment layer 21, a temperature regulating layer 23 and a fitting and positioning layer 24. The buffer memory layer 22 has a structural unit of elastic connecting parts. When impacted, these elastic connecting parts can change shape so that the lining can adaptively fit the head and disperse the impact force. The interior of the temperature regulating layer 23 is evenly distributed and filled with arrayed microcapsules, and the interior of the arrayed microcapsules is filled and encapsulated with phase change materials. The interior of the fitting and positioning layer 24 is composed of a gel layer with raised points, and the outer ring diameter of the gel layer is tightly connected with a memory metal edge strip. The fitting and positioning layer 24 is located at the back of the head and the auricle, and an adjustment capsule is installed on its surface. The interior of the adjustment capsule is filled with super absorbent polymer particles and antibacterial particles, which are used to adjust the pressure of the head and the external force. After the existing sweat is absorbed, the super absorbent polymer particles expand, driving the two groups of symmetrical adjustment capsules to deform and form clamping points. The elastic layer 19 and the breathable layer 20 are bonded by an adhesive with a microporous structure. The external force dynamic adjustment layer 21 is composed of a double-layer lattice structure 17 and a single-layer lattice structure 18. The external force dynamic adjustment layer 21 is close to the inner side, and the area formed by the double-layer lattice structure 17 inside is set to be soft and low in density to provide a comfortable fit. The external force dynamic adjustment layer 21 is away from the inner side, and the single-layer lattice structure 18 inside forms a hard structure with a density, so that the single-layer lattice structure 18 is located on the outside of the double-layer lattice structure 17 to form a protective layer. The double-layer lattice structure 17 is located at the bottom of the breathable layer 20 to guide moisture to diffuse quickly to the breathable layer 20. The buffer memory layer 22 and the external force dynamic adjustment layer 21 are nested by connecting shielding metal wires.

[0034] The first helmet liner 13 , the second helmet liner 14 , the third helmet liner 15 and the fourth helmet liner 16 are formed by a 3D printing lining operation using a hybrid material of carbon fiber and high-performance thermoplastic polyurethane.

[0035] In a specific scheme, first, before printing, a high-precision three-dimensional model of the user's head is obtained through a combination of laser scanning and structured light scanning to accurately identify the characteristic points, pressure distribution, and movement habits of the athlete's head. Then, when printing, the carbon fiber and high-performance thermoplastic polyurethane are mixed evenly in a specific proportion and loaded into the material supply pipeline of the 3D printing equipment. According to the design model of the ice hockey helmet lining, the printing parameters are set in the 3D printing control software. Through the logic algorithm and prediction module, the printing speed, layer thickness, printing temperature, and filling density are controlled in real time, and corresponding adjustments can be made according to the structural and functional requirements of different layers of the lining, that is, when printing the elastic layer 19, a relatively low printing speed is used. and a higher temperature to ensure that the material is fully melted and forms a uniform elastic structure; for the single-layer lattice structure 18 of the external force dynamic adjustment layer 21, the printing speed will be appropriately increased and the temperature will be lowered to obtain higher hardness and strength. During the overall printing process, the printing starts from the innermost elastic layer 19. The print head extrude the mixed material layer by layer according to the preset path and deposits it on the lining print adsorption plate. While printing the elastic layer 19, the adhesive with a microporous structure is evenly distributed on the surface of the elastic layer 19 through a special nozzle to prepare for the subsequent bonding of the breathable layer 20. After that, when the elastic layer 19 is printed to a certain thickness, the printing is suspended, and the adhesive is briefly cured by external ultraviolet irradiation to make the elastic layer 19 and the breathable layer 20 bonded. A stable connection is initially formed between the air layers 20. Then, the air-permeable layer 20 is printed. During the deposition process, the material is tightly combined with the cured elastic layer 19 adhesive to form a good air-permeable channel. After the air-permeable layer 20 is printed, the double-layer lattice structure 17 is printed, so that the print head can accurately construct a soft and low-density double-layer lattice shape according to the design model of the lattice structure to achieve the best comfortable fit and moisture guiding function. When printing the double-layer lattice structure 17, the movement speed of the print head and the material extrusion amount are controlled to ensure the uniformity and stability of the lattice structure. After the double-layer lattice structure 17 is completed, the single-layer lattice structure 18 is printed, and the overall printing parameters are synchronously adjusted to make the material form a hard structure density to construct a protective layer. During the printing process, the transition area between the single-layer lattice structure 18 and the double-layer lattice structure 17 is adjusted by gradual parameter adjustment to improve smooth connection and avoid stress concentration points. At the same time, during the printing of the single-layer lattice structure 18, the buffer memory layer 22 and the external force dynamic adjustment layer 21 are gradually nested and connected by connecting the shielding metal wire. The elastic connection part structural unit of the buffer memory layer 22 is constructed according to a specific layout and direction during printing to ensure that it can effectively change shape and disperse the impact force when it is hit. Subsequently, the temperature adjustment layer 23 is printed. During the printing process, the array microcapsules filled with phase change materials are evenly mixed into the printing material, and the uniformity of the distribution of the microcapsules in the temperature adjustment layer 23 is ensured.The amount of microcapsules added and the distribution density are precisely controlled according to the temperature regulation requirements of the helmet lining, that is, the density of microcapsules is appropriately increased in the heat-prone area of ​​the head, and the density of microcapsules is reduced at the back of the head. Finally, the fitting positioning layer 24 is printed. When printing the fitting positioning layer 24, the gel layer with protruding points is printed first, and the gel material is quickly formed after extrusion and maintains its shape stability. Then, on the outer circle of the gel layer, the memory metal edge strip is tightly fastened to the gel layer, and the fitting positioning layer 24 is located at the back of the head and the auricle. At the same time, the regulating capsule is printed and installed, and the super absorbent polymer particles and antibacterial particles are accurately filled into the regulating capsule to ensure the sealing and functionality of the regulating capsule. When the entire helmet lining is printed, the whole is subjected to a long-term curing treatment at a preset temperature and humidity to make the molecular structure inside the material more stable.

[0036] Embodiment 2: In the present invention, according to Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, in the 3D printing lining operation, the printing device for printing the 3D lining of the ice hockey helmet includes a carrier body 1, a hinge-driven guide rail 2 is installed at the top center end of the carrier body 1, guide columns 3 are symmetrically installed on the left and right sides of the hinge-driven guide rail 2, and a lining printing 9 adsorption plate is installed on the top of the hinge-driven guide rail 2 and the guide column 3.

[0037] A vertical frame is installed on the top of the bearing frame body 1, a vertical driving guide frame 4 is installed on one side of the vertical frame, and a side sliding guide frame 6 is installed on the other side of the vertical frame. The outer peripheral sides of the vertical driving guide frame 4 and the side sliding guide frame 6 are slidably connected with a positioning bearing connecting seat 5.

[0038] A transverse hinge guide rail 7 is installed at the top of the positioning bearing connecting seat 5, and a printing structure 8 is slidably connected to the outside of the transverse hinge guide rail 7. A gear rotating structure 9 is installed on the side of the printing structure 8. The gear rotating structure 9 is connected by two sets of gears in meshing. The output end of the gear rotating structure 9 and the printing structure 8 form a rotational connection. The printing structure 8 is combined through 3D printing and 4D printing.

[0039] An electrorheological fluid guide box 10 is installed outside the printing structure 8, and the electrorheological fluid guide box 10 is connected with the flow channel pipeline inside the printing structure 8 through a flow sensor, an electromagnetic flow regulating valve and a conduit.

[0040] An auxiliary printer 12 is installed at the side end of the electrorheological fluid guide box 10. The auxiliary printer 12 cooperates with the printing structure 8 to form a composite printing structure. The material conveying channel of the auxiliary printer 12 conveys different special functional coatings, so that during the printing process, when the printing structure 8 is constructing the main structure, the auxiliary printer 12 sprays different special functional coatings to specific areas of the printed part according to preset instructions and the printing progress of the printing structure 8.

[0041] The auxiliary printer 12 and the ejection end in the printing structure 8 cooperate with the built-in omnidirectional rotating structure so that the ejection angle can be adjusted between 0 and 360 degrees.

[0042] A fast flow balance distribution switching structure 11 is installed at the connection end between the auxiliary printer 12 and the printing structure 8 .

[0043] In a specific scheme, when printing, the hinge-driven guide rail 2 and the guide column 3 on the carrier body 1 work together to move the liner printing adsorption plate to the initial printing position and keep it in a horizontal and stable state. Then, the vertical driving guide rail frame 4 and the side sliding guide frame 6 drive the positioning bearing connection seat 5 to move to a suitable height and horizontal position, so that the transverse hinge guide rail 7 installed on the top of the positioning bearing connection seat 5 can accurately position the printing structure 8 above the starting printing point. The printing structure 8 starts to extrude the basic material layer by layer according to the preset 3D printing path. Printing the main structure of the ice hockey helmet lining. During the printing process, the electrorheological fluid guide box 10 monitors the flow rate of the electrorheological fluid in real time through the flow sensor, and dynamically adjusts the flow rate of the electrorheological fluid flowing into the internal flow channel of the printing structure 8 according to the current printing speed and material extrusion amount of the printing structure 8 by the electromagnetic flow regulating valve, so as to accurately control the rheological properties of the base material, ensure that the material can be stably and evenly deposited on the printing platform to form a high-quality printing layer, that is, when the printing speed is increased, the electrorheological fluid flow rate is accurately controlled to keep the material at a suitable viscosity. , which is convenient for rapid extrusion and molding. When printing complex structures requires higher precision, the flow rate of electrorheological fluid is reduced to improve the shaping ability of the material. When reaching a specific area or layer where special functional coatings need to be added, the auxiliary printer 12 is started synchronously with the printing progress of the printing structure 8 according to the preset instructions, and the fast flow balance distribution switching structure 11 is used to quickly switch the material channel according to the instructions to deliver the corresponding special functional coating to the injection end of the auxiliary printer 12. At the same time, the built-in omnidirectional rotation structure adjusts the injection end to a suitable injection angle (which can be accurately adjusted between 0 and 360 degrees), and the special functional coating is evenly sprayed to the target area of ​​the printed part, that is, when printing to the key part of the protective layer of the helmet lining, the auxiliary printer 12 sprays wear-resistant and impact-resistant reinforced coatings. In the area where the comfort of the lining and the skin need to be improved, the coating with soft and skin-friendly properties is sprayed. During the injection process, the feedback adjustment of the flow sensor and the control structure is used to improve the accuracy of the injection amount of the coating to avoid the coating affecting the performance and appearance of the lining. During the printing process or after the printing is completed, the printing structure 8 will start the 4D printing function according to demand.When the helmet lining is exposed to a low temperature environment, the shape memory component in the 4D printing material begins to play a role. According to the pre-designed shape change pattern, the structural part of the lining will automatically deform, shrink or bend to adapt to better protection needs or wearing comfort in a low temperature environment. When printing, by controlling the composition, microstructure and printing parameters of the materials in different areas, the material can produce the expected physical or chemical changes when stimulated by a specific environment, thereby achieving dynamic adjustment of shape or performance. When the entire ice hockey helmet lining main structure is printed and all special functional coatings are sprayed, the printing structure 8 stops working, and the carrier body 1 moves the lining printing adsorption plate to the cooling area, so that the printed lining is cooled by external air to fully solidify and stabilize the material. After cooling is completed, the printed lining is removed from the lining printing adsorption plate for post-processing.

[0044] The wiring diagram of the electrorheological fluid guide box 10 and the fast flow balanced distribution switching structure 11 in the present invention is common knowledge in the field, and its working principle is a well-known technology. The model is selected according to the actual use, so the control method and wiring layout of the electrorheological fluid guide box 10 and the fast flow balanced distribution switching structure 11 will not be explained in detail.

[0045] The method of using the device and its working principle: First, before printing, a high-precision three-dimensional model of the user's head is obtained by combining laser scanning and structured light scanning to accurately identify the characteristic points, pressure distribution, and exercise habits of the athlete's head. Then, when printing, the hinge-driven guide rail 2 and guide column 3 on the carrier body 1 work together to move the lining printing adsorption plate to the initial printing position and keep it in a horizontal and stable state. Then, the vertical driving guide rail frame 4 and the side sliding guide frame 6 drive the positioning bearing connection seat 5 to move to a suitable height and horizontal position, so that the positioning bearing connection seat 5 installed on the positioning bearing The transverse hinge guide rail 7 at the top of the carrier connection seat 5 can accurately position the printing structure 8 above the starting printing point. The printing structure 8 starts to extrude the basic material layer by layer according to the preset 3D printing path to print the main structure of the ice hockey helmet lining. During the printing process, the electrorheological fluid guide box 10 monitors the flow rate of the electrorheological fluid in real time through the flow sensor, and dynamically adjusts the flow rate of the electrorheological fluid flowing into the internal flow channel of the printing structure 8 by the electromagnetic flow regulating valve according to the current printing speed and material extrusion amount of the printing structure 8, so as to accurately control the rheological properties of the basic material and ensure that the material can be stable and uniform. The material is deposited on the printing platform to form a high-quality printing layer. That is, when the printing speed is increased, the flow rate of the electrorheological fluid is precisely controlled to increase so that the material maintains a suitable viscosity for rapid extrusion and molding. When printing a complex structure requires higher precision, the flow rate of the electrorheological fluid is reduced to improve the shaping ability of the material. When a specific area or layer where a special functional coating needs to be added is reached, the auxiliary printer 12 is started synchronously with the printing progress of the printing structure 8 according to the preset instructions, and the fast flow balance distribution switching structure 11 is used to quickly switch the material channel according to the instructions to deliver the corresponding special functional coating to the auxiliary printer. The spray end of 12, at the same time, makes the built-in omnidirectional rotating structure adjust the spray end to a suitable spray angle (can be precisely adjusted between 0 and 360 degrees), and sprays the special functional coating evenly to the target area of ​​the printed part, that is, when printing to the key part of the protective layer of the helmet lining, the auxiliary printer 12 sprays the wear-resistant and impact-resistant reinforced coating, and sprays the coating with soft and skin-friendly properties in the area where the comfort of the lining and the skin needs to be improved. During the spraying process, the feedback adjustment of the flow sensor and the control structure is used to improve the accuracy of the spray amount of the coating, so as to avoid the coating affecting the performance and appearance of the lining;

[0046] The specific printing method is as follows: carbon fiber and high-performance thermoplastic polyurethane are mixed evenly in a specific ratio and loaded into the material supply pipeline of the 3D printing equipment. Figure 2), set the printing parameters in the 3D printing control software, and adjust the printing speed, layer thickness, printing temperature, and filling density in real time through the logic algorithm and prediction module, which can be adjusted accordingly according to the structure and functional requirements of different layers of the lining, that is, when printing the elastic layer 19, a relatively low printing speed and a high temperature are used to ensure that the material is fully melted and forms a uniform elastic structure; and for the single-layer lattice structure 18 of the external force dynamic adjustment layer 21, the printing speed will be appropriately increased and the temperature will be lowered to obtain higher hardness and strength. During the overall printing process, the printing starts from the innermost elastic layer 19, and the print head extrude the mixed material layer by layer according to the preset path and deposits it on the lining printing adsorption plate. When printing the elastic layer 19 At the same time, the adhesive with a microporous structure is evenly distributed on the surface of the elastic layer 19 through a special nozzle, preparing for the subsequent bonding of the breathable layer 20. After that, when the elastic layer 19 is printed to a certain thickness, the printing is suspended, and the adhesive is briefly cured by external ultraviolet irradiation to initially form a stable connection between the elastic layer 19 and the breathable layer 20. Then, the breathable layer 20 is printed. During the deposition process, the material is tightly combined with the cured elastic layer 19 adhesive to form a good breathable channel. After the breathable layer 20 is printed, the double-layer lattice structure 17 is continued to be printed, so that the print nozzle can accurately construct a soft and low-density double-layer lattice shape according to the design model of the lattice structure to achieve the best comfortable fit and moisture guiding function. When printing the double-layer lattice structure 17, the movement speed of the print head and the amount of material extruded are controlled to ensure the uniformity and stability of the lattice structure. After the double-layer lattice structure 17 is completed, the single-layer lattice structure 18 is printed, and the overall printing parameters are synchronously adjusted to make the material form a hard structure density and construct a protective layer. During the printing process, the transition area between the single-layer lattice structure 18 and the double-layer lattice structure 17 is adjusted by gradual parameter adjustment to improve smooth connection and avoid stress concentration points. At the same time, during the printing of the single-layer lattice structure 18, the buffer memory layer 22 and the external force dynamic adjustment layer 21 are gradually nested and connected by connecting the shielding metal wire, and the elastic connection part structural unit of the buffer memory layer 22 is arranged according to a specific layout during printing. The layout and direction are constructed to ensure that it can effectively change shape and disperse the impact force when it is hit. Subsequently, the temperature regulating layer 23 is printed. During the printing process, the arrayed microcapsules filled with phase change materials are evenly mixed into the printing material, and the uniformity of the distribution of the microcapsules in the temperature regulating layer 23 is ensured. The amount of microcapsules added and the distribution density are precisely controlled according to the temperature regulation requirements of the helmet lining, that is, the density of microcapsules is appropriately increased in the heat-prone area of ​​the head, and the density of microcapsules is reduced at the back of the head. Finally, the fitting and positioning layer 24 is printed. When printing the fitting and positioning layer 24, the gel layer with raised points is printed first. The gel material is quickly formed after extrusion and maintains its shape stability. Then, on the outer diameter of the gel layer,The memory metal edge strip is tightly fastened to the gel layer, and the fitting positioning layer 24 is located at the back of the head and the auricle. At the same time, the adjustment capsule is printed and installed, and the super absorbent polymer particles and antibacterial particles are accurately filled into the adjustment capsule to ensure the sealing and functionality of the adjustment capsule. When the entire helmet lining is printed, the whole is cured for a long time under the preset temperature and humidity to make the molecular structure inside the material more stable.

[0047] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A 3D printed lining for an ice hockey helmet, characterized in that: It comprises a first helmet lining (13), a second helmet lining (14), a third helmet lining (15), and a fourth helmet lining (16) formed by 3D printing lining operation; The first helmet lining (13), the second helmet lining (14), the third helmet lining (15) and the fourth helmet lining (16) are all composed of an elastic layer (19), a breathable layer (20), a buffer memory layer (22), an external force dynamic adjustment layer (21), a temperature regulation layer (23) and a fitting and positioning layer (24); the buffer memory layer (22) has a structural unit of elastic connection parts; when impacted, these elastic connection parts can change shape so that the lining can adaptively fit the head and disperse the impact force; the interior of the temperature regulation layer (23) is evenly distributed and filled with arrayed microcapsules; the interior of the arrayed microcapsules is filled and encapsulated with phase change material; the interior of the fitting and positioning layer (24) is composed of a gel layer with protruding points; the outer diameter of the gel layer is tightly connected to a memory metal edge strip; the fitting and positioning layer (24) is located at the back of the head and the auricle; a regulation capsule is installed on its surface; the interior of the regulation capsule is filled with super absorbent polymer particles and antibacterial particles, which are used to adjust the temperature of the head in response to the impact. After the sweat is absorbed, the super absorbent polymer particles expand, driving the two groups of symmetrical regulating capsules to deform and form clamping points. The elastic layer (19) and the breathable layer (20) are bonded by an adhesive with a microporous structure. The external force dynamic adjustment layer (21) is composed of a double-layer lattice structure (17) and a single-layer lattice structure (18). The area formed by the double-layer lattice structure (17) on the side of the external force dynamic adjustment layer (21) close to the inside is set to be soft and low in density. In order to provide a comfortable fit, the external force dynamic adjustment layer (21) is away from the inner side, and the internal single-layer lattice structure (18) forms a hard structure density, so that the single-layer lattice structure (18) is located outside the double-layer lattice structure (17) to form a protective layer. The double-layer lattice structure (17) is located at the bottom of the breathable layer (20) to guide moisture to diffuse quickly to the breathable layer (20). The buffer memory layer (22) and the external force dynamic adjustment layer (21) are nested by connecting the shielding metal wire.

2. The 3D printed liner of the ice hockey helmet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first helmet lining (13), the second helmet lining (14), the third helmet lining (15) and the fourth helmet lining (16) are formed by a 3D printing lining operation using a mixed material of carbon fiber and high-performance thermoplastic polyurethane.

3. A method for printing a 3D printed liner of an ice hockey helmet according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In a 3D printing lining operation, the printing device for printing a 3D lining of an ice hockey helmet comprises a carrier body (1), a hinge-driven guide rail (2) is installed at the top center end of the carrier body (1), guide columns (3) are symmetrically installed on the left and right sides of the hinge-driven guide rail (2), and a lining printing adsorption plate is installed on the top of the hinge-driven guide rail (2) and the guide column (3); The printing method comprises the following steps: S1. First, before printing, a high-precision three-dimensional model of the user's head is obtained by combining laser scanning and structured light scanning to accurately identify the characteristic points, pressure distribution and exercise habits of the athlete's head. Then, during the printing process, the carbon fiber and high-performance thermoplastic polyurethane mixed material is loaded into the material supply structure of the printing structure (8) and the auxiliary printer (12). Then, the hinge drive guide rail (2), the vertical drive guide rail frame (4) and the side sliding guide frame (6) driving device on the carrier body (1) are started to move the printing structure (8) and the auxiliary printer (12) to the initial printing position, so that the inner lining printing adsorption plate is in a state where it can receive the printed product; S2. Secondly, the printing structure (8) prints the main structure of the ice hockey helmet lining according to the preset 3D printing model data, and starts from the side close to the head, first prints the elastic layer (19), and when printing the connecting part of the elastic layer (19) and the breathable layer (20), a bonding operation is synchronously performed through an adhesive with a microporous structure. At the same time, the electrorheological fluid guide box (10) accurately controls the flow rate of the electrorheological fluid flowing into the internal flow channel of the printing structure (8) through an electromagnetic flow regulating valve according to feedback data from the flow sensor, so as to stabilize the deposition state of the material during the printing process and ensure printing accuracy; S3. Next, when printing to the external force dynamic adjustment layer (21), the printing structure (8) first constructs a double-layer lattice structure (17) with a soft and low density according to the design requirements, and uses its special lattice arrangement to guide moisture to diffuse to the breathable layer (20), and then constructs a single-layer lattice structure (18) outside the double-layer lattice structure (17) to form a hard protective layer. In this process, the buffer memory layer (22) and the external force dynamic adjustment layer (21) gradually form a nested structure by connecting the shielding metal wire, and the array microcapsules of the temperature adjustment layer (23) are evenly distributed and filled in the corresponding positions during the printing process, and the internally encapsulated phase change material is filled; S4. After the main structure is printed, the auxiliary printer (12) starts the material conveying channel according to the preset instructions and the printing progress of the printing structure (8), and sprays different special functional coatings with antibacterial, wear-resistant, enhanced flexibility and other coatings to specific areas of the printed part, such as key parts of the surface of the gel layer of the fitting positioning layer (24). After that, the printing structure (8) completes the printing of the fitting positioning layer (24), and the gel layer with raised points, the memory metal edge strip, and the adjustment capsule with super absorbent polymer particles and antibacterial particles at the back of the head and the auricle are successively constructed, so that the finished product of the 3D printed lining of the ice hockey helmet is completed.

4. The method for printing a 3D liner of an ice hockey helmet according to claim 3, characterized in that: A vertical frame is installed on the top of the bearing frame body (1), a vertical driving guide frame (4) is installed on one side of the vertical frame, and a side sliding guide frame (6) is installed on the other side of the vertical frame. The vertical driving guide frame (4) and the side sliding guide frame (6) are slidably connected to the outer peripheral sides thereof with a positioning bearing connection seat (5).

5. The method for printing a 3D liner of an ice hockey helmet according to claim 4, characterized in that: A transverse hinge guide rail (7) is installed at the top end of the positioning bearing connection seat (5), and a printing structure (8) is slidably connected to the outside of the transverse hinge guide rail (7). A gear rotating structure (9) is installed on the side of the printing structure (8), and the gear rotating structure (9) is meshed and connected by two sets of gears. The output end of the gear rotating structure (9) and the printing structure (8) form a rotation connection, and the printing structure (8) is combined by 3D printing and 4D printing.

6. The method for printing a 3D liner of an ice hockey helmet according to claim 5, characterized in that: An electrorheological fluid delivery box (10) is installed outside the printing structure (8), and the electrorheological fluid delivery box (10) is connected to the flow channel pipeline inside the printing structure (8) through a flow sensor, an electromagnetic flow regulating valve and a conduit.

7. The method for printing a 3D liner of an ice hockey helmet according to claim 6, characterized in that: An auxiliary printer (12) is installed at the side end of the electrorheological fluid guide box (10). The auxiliary printer (12) cooperates with the printing structure (8) to form a composite printing structure. The material conveying channel of the auxiliary printer (12) conveys different special functional coatings, so that during the printing process, when the printing structure (8) is constructing the main structure, the auxiliary printer (12) sprays the coatings with different special functions onto specific areas of the printed part according to preset instructions and the printing progress of the printing structure (8).

8. The method for printing a 3D liner of an ice hockey helmet according to claim 7, characterized in that: The auxiliary printer (12) and the ejection end in the printing structure (8) cooperate with the built-in omnidirectional rotating structure so that the ejection angle can be adjusted between 0 and 360 degrees; In step S4, the auxiliary printer (12) starts the material conveying channel according to the preset instructions and the printing progress of the printing structure (8), and sprays different special functional coatings with antibacterial, wear-resistant, enhanced flexibility and other coatings onto specific areas of the printed part. With the help of the built-in omnidirectional rotating structure in the auxiliary printer (12) and the printing structure (8), the spraying angle is accurately adjusted between 0 and 360 degrees.

9. The method for printing a 3D liner of an ice hockey helmet according to claim 8, characterized in that: A fast flow balance distribution switching structure (11) is installed at the connection end between the auxiliary printer (12) and the printing structure (8).

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