An adaptive high-energy laser module, demolition device and demolition method

Abstract

The present invention discloses an adaptive high-energy laser module, a demolition device and a demolition method. The adaptive high-energy laser module comprises a shell, in which a first power supply component, a first controller component, a power-adjustable laser component, a first photoelectric detection component, a second photoelectric detection component and a focal length adjustment component are arranged. The present invention can automatically detect the distance and material and other operating conditions of a target object to be demolished, automatically adjust the focusing position of a high-energy laser beam according to the distance between the demolition device and the target object, and automatically adjust the output high-energy laser power according to the material properties of the target object at the demolition operation site, thereby meeting the diverse needs of the demolition operation site and simplifying the preparation process, avoiding the procedural link of manually setting parameters at the demolition operation site, reducing the probability of errors, enhancing the ability to cope with emergencies, and more effectively completing the demolition task without excessively damaging the target or causing unnecessary risks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of demolition devices, in particular to an adaptive high-energy laser module, a demolition device and a demolition method. Background Art

[0002] The demolition device is mainly used to quickly cut and remove obstacles such as collapsed building steel bars, window bars, deformed vehicles, and suspected dangerous objects in emergencies. When dealing with various emergencies on the spot, it is often necessary to quickly demolish obstacles or dangerous objects such as UXO. If you want to complete the on-site disposal as soon as possible, the demolition device becomes an indispensable tool for quickly and efficiently handling various emergencies. Therefore, conducting research on demolition device technology is of great significance to improving the ability to deal with emergencies.

[0003] Demolition equipment involves a variety of cutting technologies to meet the needs of operations under different materials and environments. Traditional demolition equipment mainly uses grinding wheel toothless saws, diamond toothless saws, double-wheel anisotropic saws, plasma cutting, oxyacetylene flame cutting, hydraulic shears and other means.

[0004] Grinding wheel toothless saw: This saw uses a high-speed rotating abrasive wheel for cutting, suitable for hard materials such as metal and stone. The grinding wheel is composed of abrasive particles bonded by a binder, and removes material through grinding. When operating, pay attention to the use of coolant to prevent overheating damage.

[0005] Diamond toothless saw: Using diamond as the cutting edge, it has extremely high hardness and can effectively cut a variety of materials such as concrete, asphalt, ceramics, etc. Diamonds are embedded in the substrate to form a sharp cutting edge, which is suitable for precise cutting tasks of complex structures.

[0006] Double-wheel counter-rotating saw: Two saw blades rotating in opposite directions work together to reduce vibration during cutting, suitable for cutting thick plates or pipes.

[0007] Plasma cutting: Cutting is achieved by melting the material with a high-temperature plasma flow and blowing away the slag with a high-speed airflow. It is suitable for materials with good conductivity such as stainless steel, aluminum, and copper.

[0008] Oxyacetylene flame cutting: The high temperature (about 3000℃) generated by the combustion of a mixture of oxygen and acetylene is used to locally heat the metal to the ignition point, while simultaneously spraying high-pressure oxygen to accelerate the oxidation reaction and separate the material.

[0009] Hydraulic shear cutting: The powerful power provided by the hydraulic system is used to drive the shear head to move in a straight line. It is suitable for right-angle cutting operations of heavy materials such as thick steel plates and steel bars.

[0010] From the actual application of traditional demolition equipment, the main problems are: (1) They are usually large in size and heavy in weight, which brings inconvenience to rescue personnel in the actual carrying and operation process, especially in emergency situations when they need to arrive at the scene quickly and start operations.

[0011] (2) When using tools such as hydraulic shears for demolition, the strong external force can easily cause vibration or even displacement of the surrounding undamaged parts, leading to further structural instability or new safety hazards.

[0012] (3) Most traditional demolition equipment is designed to quickly remove materials over a large area, but it is not suitable for situations that require delicate handling. The lack of sufficient flexibility and accuracy makes it difficult to achieve the desired goals when performing specific tasks, and also increases the possibility of causing unnecessary damage to the surrounding environment.

[0013] Each demolition device has its advantages and applicable scenarios. In actual operation, the specific properties of the object to be processed, such as material type and structural strength, should be fully considered to select the most appropriate equipment for the operation. Doing so can not only improve work efficiency, but also effectively ensure the safety of the entire process.

[0014] With the progress and development of science and technology, the use of high-energy laser technology can achieve efficient and high-precision demolition operations and reduce the impact on the surrounding environment. Laser cutting technology, with its precision, can perform precise operations at the demolition site, especially in narrow and complex environments. The flexibility and accuracy of the laser can avoid damage to surrounding structures to the greatest extent and reduce the possibility of secondary disasters. The laser demolition process produces almost no dust or flying particles, which improves the on-site working environment.

[0015] The laser demolition device focuses a high-energy laser beam and irradiates it on the target object, causing the irradiated object material to quickly melt, vaporize, ablate and form holes. The movement of the beam can also form continuous cuts in the holes, thereby achieving the demolition of the target object.

[0016] Patent document CN215585277 U discloses a portable laser demolition system for firefighting and rescue, including a bracket, a laser demolition mechanism, a safety module and a control module; the laser demolition mechanism, the safety module and the control module can all be fixed on the bracket when in use; the control module controls the connection to the safety module, and controls the safety module to lock the operating range; the control module controls the connection to the laser demolition mechanism, and controls the switch, demolition path action and angle adjustment of the laser demolition mechanism. Through the coordinated cooperation of the laser radar and the camera, the operating range can be accurately locked, the demolition action can be carried out strictly according to the planned path, and the electronic fence of the demolition area can be configured on site, and long-distance demolition operations can be carried out. It can be used in the field of firefighting and rescue, and has the characteristics of strong applicability.

[0017] Patent document CN103878493A discloses a laser demolition device, including a laser demolition device handle and a demolition device main cabinet. The laser demolition device handle is connected to an air pump through an air pump connection socket on the demolition device cabinet; connected to a high-power laser through a laser connection socket on the demolition device cabinet; connected to a circuit control module through a signal cable socket on the demolition device cabinet; and the demolition device cabinet also has a power cable socket connected to an external power supply. The demolition device uses a focused high-power density laser beam to irradiate the demolition object, can meet the needs of various demolition environments, has rich demolition functions, low noise, simple and reliable use conditions, does not cause secondary deformation to the demolition object, and achieves high-precision demolition.

[0018] Currently, the demolition devices using high-energy lasers on the market have a single mode and lack intelligence. They cannot automatically adjust the output high-energy laser power according to the material properties of the target object at the demolition operation site, cannot automatically detect the distance between the demolition device and the target object and adjust the focusing position of the high-energy laser beam, and lack adaptability to the demolition operation environment.

[0019] This limitation makes it impossible for the demolition device to respond flexibly to different situations encountered in the actual working environment, thus affecting work efficiency and safety. For example, when facing target objects of different materials, if the output power can be automatically identified and adjusted, the task can be completed more effectively without excessively damaging the target or causing unnecessary risks.

[0020] Existing laser demolition devices do not have the function of intelligently adjusting the laser power according to the specific material of the target object. This means that the operator needs to set the parameters manually, which increases the difficulty of use and the possibility of error. In addition, when the position of the target object changes, it is difficult for the existing system to monitor this change in real time and adjust the position of the beam focus accordingly, which may cause uneven energy distribution or failure to accurately hit the intended area.

[0021] In order to solve the above problems, we should focus on improving the adaptability of the demolition device to achieve rapid and accurate judgment of the target characteristics and environmental conditions; enable it to automatically optimize working parameters based on the collected information; and obtain a new generation of high-energy laser demolition device that is more efficient, reliable and easy to use. Summary of the invention

[0022] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: to propose an adaptive high-energy laser module, a demolition device and a demolition method, aiming to solve the problems of insufficient intelligence and lack of adaptability of the demolition device in the prior art, and being able to automatically detect the distance and material and other operating conditions of the target object to be demolished, and automatically adjust the focusing position of the high-energy laser beam according to the distance between the demolition device and the target object, and automatically adjust the output high-energy laser power according to the material properties of the target object at the demolition operation site, so as to meet the diverse needs of the demolition operation site, simplify the preparation process, avoid the procedural links of manual parameter setting at the demolition operation site, reduce the probability of errors, enhance the ability to cope with emergencies, and more effectively complete the demolition task without excessively damaging the target or causing unnecessary risks.

[0023] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an adaptive high-energy laser module, comprising a housing, wherein a first power supply component, a first controller component, a power adjustable laser component, a first photoelectric detection component, a second photoelectric detection component, a focal length adjustment component, and a heat dissipation component are arranged in the housing;

[0024] The first power supply component is used to receive external electrical energy and supply power to the first controller component, the power adjustable laser component, the first photoelectric detection component, the second photoelectric detection component, and the focus adjustment component;

[0025] The first controller component is electrically connected to the power adjustable laser component, the first photoelectric detection component, the second photoelectric detection component, and the focus adjustment component;

[0026] The power adjustable laser component and the second photoelectric detection component are optically coupled to the focus adjustment component respectively; the focus adjustment component is coaxially arranged with the power adjustable laser component and can change the focus position of the light beam emitted by the power adjustable laser component;

[0027] The first controller component controls the power adjustable laser component to emit a first pulse laser beam with a first power at a first time, the first pulse laser beam irradiates the target object to generate back-reflected light, and a part of the back-reflected light is received by the first photoelectric detection component at a second time and converted into an electrical signal;

[0028] The first controller component obtains an optical distance according to the difference between the second time and the first time; the first controller component controls the focal length adjustment component to adjust the focal length according to the optical distance, so as to adjust the focusing position of the light beam emitted by the power adjustable laser component to the target object;

[0029] The first controller component controls the power adjustable laser component to emit a second pulsed laser beam with a second power at a third time, wherein the second power is greater than the first power; the second pulsed laser beam irradiates the target object to form a high-temperature plasma on the surface of the target object, wherein the high-temperature plasma generates a spectral line with a specific wavelength, and the spectral line with a specific wavelength is received and detected by the second photoelectric detection component, and the second photoelectric detection component transmits the wavelength information of the detected spectral line to the first controller component, and the first controller component performs a qualitative analysis on the surface material of the target object according to the wavelength information of the spectral line;

[0030] The first controller component determines the demolition power required for laser demolition of the target object according to the surface material of the target object, and the power-adjustable laser component emits a third pulse laser beam with a demolition power under the control of the first controller component.

[0031] Furthermore, the power adjustable laser assembly of the present invention preferably uses a pulse fiber laser, including a pulse signal generator, a semiconductor laser, a first optical isolator, a first filter, a first cladding light filter, a first ytterbium-doped fiber, a first coupler, a first pump laser, a first mode field adapter, a second optical isolator, a second mode field adapter, a second cladding light filter, a second ytterbium-doped fiber, a second coupler, a second pump laser, a third optical isolator, a second filter, a third mode field adapter, a third cladding light filter, a third ytterbium-doped fiber, a third coupler, a third pump laser, and an isolation collimator, with a pulse width ranging from 4 nanoseconds to several hundred nanoseconds, and the flexible modulation characteristics of the semiconductor laser are used to obtain signal light with adjustable pulse width, repetition frequency, pulse shape and amplitude.

[0032] Furthermore, in the power adjustable laser assembly of the present invention, the first ytterbium-doped fiber adopts a 6μm / 125μm / 0.07 NA double-clad ytterbium-doped fiber with a length of 3.5 m, which is pumped by a first pump laser; the second ytterbium-doped fiber adopts a 20μm / 125μm / 0.07 NA large mode area double-clad fiber with a length of 3.5 m, which is pumped by a second pump laser; the third ytterbium-doped fiber uses a 80μm / 400μm / 0.12 NA ultra-large mode area XLMA ytterbium-doped double-clad fiber with a length of 2.5 m, which is pumped by a third pump laser, and the third pump laser uses 6 310 W / 915 nm semiconductor lasers.

[0033] Furthermore, the maximum output power of the power adjustable laser assembly of the present invention reaches 1500W, and a pulse energy of 20mJ is obtained. The output power can be adjusted by direct modulation of the semiconductor laser.

[0034] Furthermore, the first photoelectric detection component of the present invention includes a third filter, a first converging lens, an avalanche photodetector and a conditioning circuit, the conditioning circuit includes an amplifier circuit, a comparison circuit and a timing circuit, the output end of the avalanche photodetector is connected to the input end of the amplifier circuit, the output end of the amplifier circuit is connected to the input end of the comparison circuit, the output end of the comparison circuit is connected to the input end of the timing circuit, and the output end of the timing circuit is electrically connected to the first controller component; the backward laser signal reflected back by the target object passes through the third filter, is converged by the first converging lens, and then irradiated on the light receiving surface of the avalanche photodetector, the avalanche photodetector is used to convert the received laser signal into a corresponding electrical signal and send the electrical signal to the amplifier circuit, the amplifier circuit sends the amplified electrical signal to the comparison circuit, the comparison circuit compares the received amplified electrical signal with the threshold value, generates a trigger signal when it is greater than the threshold value and sends the trigger signal to the timing circuit, the timing circuit sends the arrival time of the trigger signal to the first controller component.

[0035] Furthermore, the second photoelectric detection component described in the present invention includes a fourth filter, a second converging lens, a slit, a concave reflector, a grating as a spectroscopic element, and a CCD device. After passing through the fourth filter, the light is collected by the second converging lens and continues to propagate through the slit. The light passing through the slit is reflected by the concave reflector and then converged and irradiated on the grating. In the grating, light of different wavelengths leaves the grating at slightly different angles, and light of different wavelengths is irradiated on different positions on the surface of the CCD device.

[0036] Furthermore, the focal length adjustment component described in the present invention includes a first optical interface optically coupled to the power adjustable laser component, a second optical interface optically coupled to the second photoelectric detection component, a fifth lens, a sixth lens, a dichroic mirror, a seventh lens, an eighth lens, and a ninth lens arranged in sequence along the axis, the eighth lens and the ninth lens are installed on a sliding block, the upper sliding sleeve of the sliding block is arranged on the guide rail and slides freely along the axial direction, the lower part of the sliding block is provided with a threaded hole and is mechanically connected to the lead screw through the threaded hole, one end of the lead screw is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the driving device, wherein the seventh lens, the eighth lens, and the ninth lens constitute a zoom system, and the focusing distance is changed by adjusting the spacing between the lenses, the seventh lens uses a plano-concave lens with a diameter of 25.4 mm and a focal length of 50.8 mm, the eighth lens and the ninth lens both use plano-convex lenses with a diameter of 101.6 mm and a focal length of 250 mm, and the eighth lens and the ninth lens constitute a double convex lens system to reduce aberrations.

[0037] At the same time, the present invention also provides a laser demolition device, including a battery assembly, a charging interface, a second controller assembly, a human-machine interface assembly, a speaker assembly, a switch assembly, an electromagnetic relay, and the adaptive high-energy laser module, wherein the charging interface is electrically connected to the battery assembly, and the battery assembly is electrically connected to the second controller assembly, the human-machine interface assembly, the speaker assembly, the electromagnetic relay, and the adaptive high-energy laser module through the switch assembly;

[0038] Before the demolition operation, the distance and surface material of the target object to be demolished are automatically detected, the focusing position of the laser beam emitted by the adaptive high-energy laser module is automatically adjusted according to the distance of the target object, and the power of the third pulse laser beam output by the adaptive high-energy laser module is automatically adjusted according to the distance of the target object and the surface material properties.

[0039] At the same time, the present invention also provides a laser demolition method using a laser demolition device, comprising the following steps:

[0040] Step 1: After the switch assembly is connected, the second controller assembly first controls the electromagnetic relay to disconnect the connection between the adaptive high energy laser module and the battery assembly;

[0041] Step 2: The second controller component controls the speaker component to send out an audio message "Please enter the password";

[0042] Step 3: The second controller component receives the password input by the human-machine interface component to determine whether it is correct. If the password is correct, the next step 4 is executed. Otherwise, the second controller component controls the speaker component to emit an audio message "Wrong password" and proceeds to step 2.

[0043] Step 4: The second controller component controls the electromagnetic relay to conduct the connection between the adaptive high-energy laser module and the battery component, and the battery component supplies power to the first power supply component of the adaptive high-energy laser module;

[0044] Step 5: The second controller component controls the speaker component to send out an audio message "a high-energy laser is about to be emitted, please avoid it";

[0045] Step 6: The first controller component controls the power adjustable laser component to emit a first pulse laser beam with a first power at a first time, the first pulse laser beam irradiates the target object to generate back-reflected light, a part of the back-reflected light is received by the first photoelectric detection component at a second time and converted into an electrical signal, and the first controller component obtains the optical path according to the difference between the second time and the first time;

[0046] Step 7: The first controller component controls the focal length adjustment component to adjust the focal length according to the optical path, and adjusts the focusing position of the light beam emitted by the power adjustable laser component to be on the target object;

[0047] Step 8: The first controller component controls the power adjustable laser component to emit a second pulse laser beam of a second power at a third time, and the second pulse laser beam is irradiated on the target object to form a high-temperature plasma on the surface of the target object. The high-temperature plasma generates a spectral line of a specific wavelength, and the spectral line of the specific wavelength is received and detected by the second photoelectric detection component. The second photoelectric detection component transmits the wavelength information of the detected spectral line to the first controller component, and the first controller component determines the surface material of the target object according to the wavelength information of the spectral line;

[0048] Step 9: The first controller component determines the demolition power required for laser demolition of the target object according to the surface material of the target object;

[0049] Step 10: The first controller component controls the power-adjustable laser component to emit a third pulse laser beam with a demolition power to perform a demolition operation on the target object.

[0050] Step 11: After the demolition operation is completed, the switch assembly is disconnected.

[0051] Furthermore, in the control method described in the present invention, in step 8, the memory connected to the first controller component stores wavelength data of the spectral line generated by the plasma, and the first controller component uses the wavelength detected by the second photoelectric detection component to compare with the wavelength data in the memory to determine the surface material of the target object OB.

[0052] Furthermore, in the control method described in the present invention, in step 7, if the first controller component determines that the detected optical path S exceeds the focal length adjustment range of the focal length adjustment component, it sends a distance warning signal to the second controller component. After receiving the distance warning signal, the second controller component controls the speaker component to send an audio message "Distance exceeds the limit, please adjust the distance" and proceeds to step 6.

[0053] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0054] 1. The present invention automatically detects the distance and surface material of the target object to be demolished before the demolition operation, automatically adjusts the focusing position of the high-energy laser beam according to the distance of the target object to be demolished, and automatically adjusts the high-energy laser power output during the demolition operation according to the distance and surface material properties of the target object. There is no need to manually set parameters, which avoids the procedural link of manually setting parameters at the demolition operation site, reduces the probability of errors, and has adaptability to the demolition operation site environment and the surface material of the target object.

[0055] 2. The present invention can automatically identify and adjust the output power when facing different target objects, so as to complete the demolition task more effectively without excessively damaging the target or causing unnecessary risks; and avoid using the same power in the demolition process. For example, a high-energy laser with a higher power can be used for an aluminum target object than for an iron target object, which helps to reduce energy consumption. This is of great significance for battery-powered laser demolition devices, as it can extend their working time, reduce the risk of insufficient battery power affecting the demolition operation, and enhance the ability to deal with emergencies.

[0056] 3. The present invention automatically detects the distance to the target object of the demolition operation and adjusts the position of the focus point of the high-energy laser beam accordingly, which can avoid the problem of uneven energy distribution of the high-energy laser beam or failure to accurately hit the predetermined area.

[0057] 4. The present invention adopts time-sharing control technology to control the same laser to emit pulsed lasers of different powers at different times, and cooperates with the first photoelectric detection component and the second photoelectric detection component to complete the three functions of target distance detection, surface material detection, and target demolition. These features work together to produce a synergistic effect, improve the integration of the adaptive high-energy laser module, reduce the number of light sources, help reduce costs and reduce volume and weight, and are easy to carry and use.

[0058] 5. The present invention adopts automatic control technology, so that it can automatically optimize the working parameters such as laser focusing distance and laser output power based on the collected information, thereby obtaining a more efficient, reliable and easy-to-use high-energy laser demolition device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0059] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an adaptive high-energy laser module according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a power adjustable laser assembly according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first photoelectric detection assembly according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second photoelectric detection assembly according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a focus adjustment assembly according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser demolition device according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 7 It is a flow chart of the laser demolition method according to Example 8 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0066] The present invention will now be further described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. These drawings are simplified schematic diagrams, which only illustrate the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, and therefore only show the components related to the present invention. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0067] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or mutual cooperation. It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection. It can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. In addition, in this article, the "coupling" of two devices means that the laser beam emitted by one of the devices is incident on the other device. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific circumstances. The orientation or position relationship indicated by the term "upper" and the like is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or position relationship in which the product of the invention is usually placed when used, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0068] Embodiment 1:

[0069] An adaptive high energy laser module 100, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes: a housing 10, in which a first power supply component 20, a first controller component 30, a power adjustable laser component 40, a first photoelectric detection component 50, a second photoelectric detection component 60, a focal length adjustment component 70, and a heat dissipation component 80 are arranged;

[0070] The first power supply component 20 is used to receive external power and supply power to the first controller component 30, the power adjustable laser component 40, the first photoelectric detection component 50, the second photoelectric detection component 60, and the focus adjustment component 70;

[0071] The first controller component 30 is electrically connected to the power adjustable laser component 40, the first photoelectric detection component 50, the second photoelectric detection component 60, and the focus adjustment component 70;

[0072] The power adjustable laser assembly 40 and the second photoelectric detection assembly 60 are optically coupled with the focus adjustment assembly 70 respectively;

[0073] The power adjustable laser assembly 40 contains only one laser;

[0074] The focus adjustment component 70 is coaxially arranged with the power adjustable laser component 40, and can change the focus position of the light beam emitted by the power adjustable laser component 40;

[0075] The first controller component 30 controls the power adjustable laser component 40 to emit a first pulse laser beam LB1 with a first power P1 at a first time T1, the first pulse laser beam LB1 irradiates the target object OB to generate a back-reflected light, and a part of the back-reflected light is received by the first photoelectric detection component 50 at a second time T2 and converted into an electrical signal;

[0076] The first controller component 30 obtains the optical path S according to the difference between the second time T2 and the first time T1;

[0077] The first controller component 30 controls the focus adjustment component 70 to adjust the focus according to the optical distance S, so as to adjust the focus position of the light beam emitted by the power adjustable laser component 40 to be on the target object OB;

[0078] The first controller component 30 controls the power adjustable laser component 40 to emit a second pulse laser beam LB2 with a second power P2 at a third time T3, wherein the second power P2 is greater than the first power P1; the second pulse laser beam LB2 is irradiated on the target object OB, so that a high-temperature plasma is formed on the surface of the target object OB, and the high-temperature plasma generates a spectral line of a specific wavelength, which is received and detected by the second photoelectric detection component 60, and the second photoelectric detection component 60 transmits the wavelength information of the detected spectral line to the first controller component 30, and the first controller component 30 performs a qualitative analysis on the surface material of the target object OB according to the wavelength information of the spectral line;

[0079] The first controller component 30 determines the demolition power P3 required for laser demolition of the target object OB according to the surface material of the target object OB. The power adjustable laser component 40 emits a third pulse laser beam LB3 with a power of the demolition power P3 under the control of the first controller component 30. The third pulse laser beam LB3 is a high-energy laser.

[0080] The first controller component 30 preferably uses a field programmable gate array (FPGA) as a control chip. FPGA has powerful parallel processing capabilities and high flexibility, which can meet the needs of precise control of laser pulses, measurement of wavelength information of spectral lines, and control of focal length adjustment. Through its rich I / O interfaces and high-speed data processing capabilities, FPGA can accurately control the light emission time and intensity of the laser through programs. Through preset algorithms and logic, FPGA can ensure that the power adjustable laser component starts quickly when needed and shuts down accurately after completing the measurement, thereby achieving fine control of the laser.

[0081] In order to measure the wavelength information of spectral lines, FPGA can eliminate errors caused by time differences through precise time control, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of measurement.

[0082] In addition, the FPGA is also responsible for controlling the focus adjustment component 70. By connecting the actuator in the focus adjustment component 70, the FPGA contains an optical path-ideal focal distance mapping table, and the ideal focal distance is directly obtained through the optical path, and then the actuator driving pulse signal required for zooming can be calculated based on the ideal focal distance.

[0083] FPGA can determine the surface material of the target object based on the wavelength information of the spectral line. For example, it can use numerical algorithms such as partial least squares method to perform qualitative analysis on the iron, aluminum, and copper elements in the target object. Through this method, it is possible to qualitatively measure whether the main elements in the target object are iron, aluminum, and copper.

[0084] The peripheral circuits, auxiliary devices and programming implementation of FPGA are not the core of the present invention. Mature circuit devices and programming tools in the market can be selected, and they do not limit the feasibility of the present invention.

[0085] FPGA peripheral circuits usually include power circuits, clock circuits, reset circuits, configuration circuits (such as Flash memory for storing bitstream files), interface circuits (such as UART, SPI, I2C, Ethernet, etc.) and other dedicated circuits (such as ADC / DAC, sensor interface, etc.). The design and implementation of these peripheral circuits often rely on standard electronic design principles and mature components on the market.

[0086] Accessory devices include memories for storing data (such as SRAM, DRAM, NAND Flash, etc.) and interface modules for communication (such as Ethernet controllers, USB controllers, etc.). The selection of these devices is usually based on factors such as performance requirements, cost, power consumption, and availability.

[0087] FPGA programming implementation mainly relies on hardware description language (HDL), such as VHDL or Verilog, and corresponding development environment such as Altera's Quartus II and Xilinx's Vivado.

[0088] Embodiment 2:

[0089] like Figure 2 As shown, based on the solution of Example 1, a preferred solution of the power adjustable laser assembly 40 is as follows, including a pulse fiber laser. The pulse fiber laser can accurately control the energy output by adjusting the pulse frequency and peak power. The pulse fiber laser generally includes a master oscillator and an amplifier stage. The master oscillator uses a low-power laser, preferably a low-power semiconductor laser (LD, Laser Diode), with a pulse output of a specific repetition frequency, the output parameters can be directly modulated by the driving current, and then the signal light generated by the semiconductor laser is coupled into the amplifier stage through the pigtail to amplify the optical power. The amplifier stage can amplify the coupled signal light strictly according to the coupled signal light without changing the characteristics of the laser such as the central wavelength, repetition rate, pulse waveform and pulse width, so as to obtain good laser output characteristics and improve the output power of the laser. The performance of the amplifier stage directly affects the output optical power and beam quality. The amplifier stage preferably uses cladding pumping technology to input high-power pumping light into the inner cladding of the double-clad gain fiber through fiber coupling. The pumping light is absorbed by the doped cations in the core. The doped cations absorb the pumping light and continuously transition to a high energy level, forming a population inversion; the signal light is injected into the fiber core at the end face of the double-clad fiber through the flange or fiber coupling technology, and is transmitted in the double-clad fiber. At the same time, it is amplified by stimulated radiation and finally outputs high-power laser. The core material of the double-clad gain fiber is a quartz medium doped with rare earth cations; the material of the inner cladding of the double-clad fiber is ordinary quartz.

[0090] The semiconductor laser is a power-adjustable semiconductor laser with a wavelength of 1080 nm.

[0091] Inserting a unidirectional optical isolator into the signal light before entering the beam combiner can eliminate the influence of the reflected light in the optical path on the performance of the semiconductor laser. Then the signal light enters multiple amplifier stages in sequence, and filters and isolators are inserted in the amplifier stages. The filter mainly filters out the superfluous amplified spontaneous emission ASE in the optical path to prevent it from continuing to be amplified in the next-stage amplifier optical path and affecting the stability of the optical path. The isolator mainly prevents the reflected light in the rear-stage amplifier optical path from entering the previous stage optical path to avoid affecting the performance of the pump laser in the previous stage optical path. The cladding light filter (CPS) in the amplifier stage absorbs the pump light and ASE propagating in the inner cladding of the double-clad fiber to avoid damage to the filter and isolator due to excessive cladding light power.

[0092] The gain fiber uses ytterbium-doped fiber. When selecting ytterbium-doped fiber, it is necessary to consider the fiber core diameter, cutoff wavelength range, numerical aperture and other parameters that affect the performance of the gain fiber. These parameters will affect the performance of the fiber laser system.

[0093] A preferred embodiment of the pulse fiber laser is as follows, including a pulse signal generator 401, a semiconductor laser 402, a first optical isolator 403, a first filter 404, a first cladding light filter (CPS) 405, a first ytterbium-doped fiber 406, a first coupler 407, a first pump laser 408, a first mode field adapter 409, a second optical isolator 410, a second mode field adapter 411, a second cladding light filter (CPS) 412, a second ytterbium-doped fiber 413, a second coupler 414, a second pump laser 415, a third optical isolator 416, a second filter 417, a third mode field adapter 418, a third cladding light filter (CPS) 419, a third ytterbium-doped fiber 420, a third coupler 421, a third pump laser 422, and an isolation collimator 423.

[0094] Preferably, the pulse shape and repetition frequency of the semiconductor laser 402 can be generated as required, with a pulse width ranging from 4 nanoseconds to several hundred nanoseconds and a pulse repetition frequency ranging from 35 kHz to 1 MHz. The flexible modulation characteristics of the laser diode (LD) are used to obtain a signal light source with adjustable pulse width, repetition frequency, pulse shape and amplitude.

[0095] The master oscillator includes a pulse signal generator 401, a semiconductor laser 402 and a polarization-independent first optical isolator 403. Preferably, the pulse shape and repetition frequency of the semiconductor laser 402 can be generated by the pulse signal generator 401 as required, and the pulse width ranges from 4 nanoseconds to several hundred nanoseconds.

[0096] The amplifier stage contains three amplifiers, including two preamplifiers and a power amplifier. Due to the low power of the semiconductor laser 402, spontaneous emission ASE is one of the limiting factors in the system. A first bandpass (BP) filter 404 centered at 1080 nm and with a bandwidth of 8 nm is added after the first optical isolator 403 to suppress ASE in the amplifier stage.

[0097] Three mode field adapters (MFAs) (first mode field adapter 409, second mode field adapter 411, third mode field adapter 418) are used in the amplifier stage to match the light guide mode. The first mode field adapter 409 uses 6μm / 125μm / 0.07 NA fiber and 10μm / 125μm / 0.07 NA fiber for fusion splicing, and the second mode field adapter 411 is set after the first preamplifier and uses 10μm / 125μm / 0.07 NA fiber and 20μm / 125μm / 0.07 NA fiber before the second preamplifier for fusion splicing. The third mode field adapter 418 is placed between the second bandpass (BP) filter 417 and the third cladding light filter (CPS) 419 for mode conversion between 20μm / 125μm / 0.07 NA and 50μm / 400μm / 0.07 NA double-clad fibers.

[0098] Two preamplifiers are used to increase the average power. The first ytterbium-doped fiber 406 in the first preamplifier uses a 6μm / 125μm / 0.07NA double-clad ytterbium-doped fiber with a length of 3.5 m, which is pumped by a first pump laser 408, which uses a 915 nm multimode semiconductor laser; the second ytterbium-doped fiber 413 in the second preamplifier uses a 20μm / 125μm / 0.07 NA large mode area double-clad fiber with a length of 3.5 m, which is pumped by a second pump laser 415, which uses a 915 nm multimode semiconductor laser.

[0099] The gain medium in the power amplifier behind is the third ytterbium-doped fiber 420. The third ytterbium-doped fiber 420 uses an ultra-large mode area XLMA ytterbium-doped double-clad fiber (YZ012, produced by Wuhan Ruixin) with a length of 2.5 m. The numerical aperture of its core is 0.12 and the numerical aperture of its cladding is 0.46. The core and cladding diameters of the XLMA fiber are 80μm and 400μm, respectively. The third coupler 421 in the power amplifier uses a tapered fiber beam combiner (TFB), and the third pump laser 422 uses 6 310 W high-power 915 nm semiconductor lasers.

[0100] The tapered fiber beam combiner has six 200μm / 220μm / 0.22 NA pump fibers, one 100μm / 400μm / 0.12 NA XLMA signal fiber, and one 200μm / 220μm / 0.22 NA double-clad fiber for laser output. The core / cladding diameter of the beam delivery fiber is 200μm / 220μm, which can be spliced ​​to the output fiber of the TFB through a cladding light filter CPS made of 200μm / 220μm / 0.22 NA double-clad fiber.

[0101] The isolation collimator 423 adopts a specific end face angle to reduce the echo reflection of the end face to better than -35dB.

[0102] Before entering the amplifier stage, the output power of the semiconductor laser 402 is preferably 3.3 mW, 4.7 mW, 9.3 mW and 23.4 mW. The flexible modulation characteristics of the laser diode (LD) are used to obtain a signal light source with adjustable pulse width, repetition frequency, pulse shape and amplitude.

[0103] Due to the use of ultra-large mode area XLMA ytterbium-doped double-clad fiber, the maximum output power at 50 kHz reaches 1500W, and a pulse energy of 20 mJ is obtained. The output power can be adjusted by direct modulation of the semiconductor laser 402, and a fiber laser with high average / peak power can be generated.

[0104] For this fiber laser, the beam waist radius ω0 = fiber core diameter / 2 = R (fiber core radius), and the divergence angle θ = sinα≈α = NA (fiber numerical aperture).

[0105] Embodiment 3:

[0106] Based on the scheme of Example 2, a preferred scheme of the power adjustable laser assembly 40 is as follows: in order to utilize the flexible modulation characteristics of the laser diode (LD) to obtain a signal light with adjustable pulse width, repetition frequency, pulse shape and amplitude, the pulse signal generator 401 includes: a programmable multi-modulation waveform generator, a pulse drive circuit, and an automatic temperature control circuit. The programmable multi-modulation waveform generator uses a high-speed D / A chip connected to a high-speed field programmable gate array (FPGA) to form a repetition frequency control module, a pulse width control module, and an amplitude control module. The repetition frequency control module is directly connected to the pulse drive circuit to provide a trigger signal for driving the laser diode (LD) and control the pulse repetition frequency. The pulse drive circuit is composed of a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor MOSFET, and the width and amplitude of the output drive pulse of the circuit are controlled by the input control current. The pulse width and amplitude modulation current frequency can reach 150Mhz, the pulse amplitude within a single cycle is adjustable, and the pulse width can be adjusted in real time according to the waveform requirements.

[0107] The repetition frequency control module, pulse width control module and amplitude control module can control the repetition frequency, pulse width and amplitude of the pulse signal respectively. Repetition frequency control module: By adjusting the repetition frequency, the time interval of the pulse signal can be changed. Pulse width control module: used to control the width of the pulse signal. The pulse width refers to the time length of the pulse signal from the beginning to the end. By adjusting the pulse width, the time length of the light pulse emitted by the laser can be changed. Amplitude control module: used to control the amplitude of the pulse signal. The amplitude refers to the maximum value of the pulse signal. By adjusting the amplitude, the energy of the light pulse emitted by the laser can be changed. The pulse drive circuit converts the pulse signal generated by the programmable multi-modulation waveform generator into an actual current signal that can drive the laser. The width and amplitude of the output pulse of the pulse drive circuit are controlled by the input control current.

[0108] Automatic temperature control circuits are used to monitor and control the temperature of semiconductor lasers. The performance of semiconductor lasers is affected by temperature, so a constant temperature needs to be maintained to ensure stable performance. Automatic temperature control circuits can control the temperature of lasers by adjusting the heat sink or other cooling equipment.

[0109] Embodiment 4:

[0110] like Figure 3 As shown, based on the solution of Example 1, a preferred solution of the first photodetection component 50 is as follows, including a third filter 51, a first converging lens 52, an avalanche photodetector (APD) 53 and a conditioning circuit, wherein the conditioning circuit includes an amplifier circuit 54, a comparison circuit 55 and a timing circuit 56. The output end of the avalanche photodetector (APD) 53 is connected to the input end of the amplifier circuit 54, the output end of the amplifier circuit 54 is connected to the input end of the comparison circuit 55, the output end of the comparison circuit 55 is connected to the input end of the timing circuit 56, and the output end of the timing circuit 56 is electrically connected to the first controller component 30.

[0111] The backward laser signal reflected by the target object is filtered out of the ambient light by the third filter 51, and only the laser signal corresponding to the wavelength of 1080nm is allowed to pass through, and then converged by the first converging lens 52 and irradiated on the light receiving surface of the avalanche photodetector (APD) 53. The avalanche photodetector (APD) 53 is used to convert the received 1080nm laser signal into a corresponding electrical signal, and send the electrical signal to the amplifier circuit 54; the amplifier circuit 54 is used to amplify the electrical signal and send the amplified electrical signal to the comparison circuit 55; the comparison circuit 55 is used to compare the received electrical signal with the threshold value, and generate a trigger signal when the received electrical signal is greater than the threshold value, and send the trigger signal to the timing circuit 56, and the timing circuit 56 sends the arrival time of the trigger signal to the first controller component 30. The first controller component 30 performs subsequent data processing according to the pulse laser ranging algorithm. The principle of pulsed laser ranging is: the laser directly emits a pulsed laser, the detector at the same position detects the reflected pulse, and calculates the time interval from the emission to the reception of the pulse, that is, the distance the light signal propagates, that is, the optical path.

[0112] Embodiment 5:

[0113] like Figure 4 As shown, based on the solution of Example 1, a preferred solution of the second photoelectric detection assembly 60 is as follows, including a fourth filter 61, a second converging lens 62, a slit 63, a concave reflector 64, a grating 65 as a spectroscopic element, a CCD device 66 and other devices. After being focused, the laser irradiates the surface of the target object and interacts with the surface of the target object, and the surface of the target object is ablated to generate plasma, in which some substances can be decomposed into atoms of a single element. When the excited atoms of the plasma return to the ground state, they emit light of corresponding wavelengths. The emitted light continues to transmit through the fourth filter 61, is collected by the second converging lens 62 and continues to propagate after passing through the slit 63. The light passing through the slit 63 is reflected by the concave reflector 64 and then converged and irradiated onto the grating 65. The light is reflected by the grating 65 and interacts with the grating 65. In the grating 65, the light is diffracted and divided into a plurality of single wavelengths of light, so that different wavelengths of light among the light leave the grating 65 at slightly different angles. The light of different wavelengths will irradiate different positions on the surface of the CCD device 66. The measured light intensity at different positions on the surface of the CCD device 66 can generate spectral data.

[0114] Plasma is a partially ionized gas containing: molecules, free radicals, atoms, ions and free electrons, which is produced by the coupling of energy to gaseous matter. The center of the plasma is very hot. A pulsed laser beam is focused on the surface of an object and absorbed by the surface, causing the material to vaporize. The laser further interacts with the vaporized matter and produces a cloud of ionized gas. At the beginning of the laser pulse, the vaporized matter from the solid is broken down into individual elements (atoms); some atoms lose electrons in their outer shells and form ions; atoms and ions enter a high-energy state, the so-called "excited state"; after the laser pulse ends, atoms and ions return to a low-energy state or ground state by emitting light (spectral lines) that is unique to each element.

[0115] Different elements emit light of specific wavelengths, and the intensity of the emitted light is proportional to the content of the element on the surface of the target object. Analyzing the spectral data can determine the concentration of each element on the surface of the target object. The spectrum consists of two parts: wavelength and light intensity. The wavelength provides information about the elements present in the target object, and the light intensity provides information about the amount of the element.

[0116] Using a pulsed laser with a wavelength of 1080nm, high-energy short pulses (nanosecond level) produce enough energy per unit area to ablate a small amount of material (about 1 nanogram) and generate plasma on the surface of the target object. The light from the plasma is polychromatic (white light), which means that it contains multiple different wavelengths. In order to prevent the stray light signal reflected back from overwhelming the light from the plasma, it is necessary to use a fourth filter 61 for filtering. The fourth filter 61 filters out the wavelength of stray light. The light from the plasma passes through the fourth filter 61 and then passes through the diffraction grating 65 to decompose into the component wavelengths of these lights. The diffraction grating reflects the light so that each wavelength leaves the grating at a slightly different angle, so that each wavelength is focused on the CCD device 66. In this way, each wavelength will move to a different position of the CCD device, thereby obtaining a measured spectrum. Other spectrometer implementations can also be used, including Echell, Paschen-Runge, etc. It is preferred to use a spectrometer that produces high resolution in the ultraviolet wavelength band.

[0117] Embodiment 6:

[0118] like Figure 5As shown, based on the scheme of Example 1, a preferred scheme of the focus adjustment component 70 is as follows, including a first optical interface 71 optically coupled to the power adjustable laser component 40, a second optical interface 72 optically coupled to the second photoelectric detection component 60, a fifth lens 73, a sixth lens 74, a dichroic mirror 75, a seventh lens 76, an eighth lens 77, and a ninth lens 78 arranged in sequence along the axis, the eighth lens 77 and the ninth lens 78 are mounted on a sliding block 711, the upper sliding sleeve of the sliding block 711 is freely slidable along the axial direction on the guide rail 712, the lower part of the sliding block 711 is provided with a threaded hole and is mechanically connected to the lead screw 710 through the threaded hole, and one end of the lead screw 710 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the driving device 79.

[0119] Among them, the first optical interface 71 is used to receive the laser beam emitted by the power adjustable laser component 40 and couple it into the interior of the focus adjustment component 70; the second optical interface 72 is used to send the ultraviolet light received by the focus adjustment component 70 from the external environment to the second photoelectric detection component 60.

[0120] The fifth lens 73 and the sixth lens 74 form a lens group, which is used to expand and collimate the laser beam incident to the focus adjustment component 70 and expand its spot diameter; since the product of the spot size and the divergence angle is an optical invariant, increasing the spot size of the beam can reduce the divergence angle of the laser beam. After laser beam expansion, the energy density of the spot is reduced, reducing the thermal effect generated by the high-power beam, protecting the optical components and extending the service life. The fifth lens 73 can use a double concave lens with a diameter of 25.4mm and a focal length of 25mm, and the sixth lens 74 can use a plano-convex lens with a diameter of 25.4mm and a focal length of 60mm.

[0121] The dichroic mirror 75 has a high transmittance to the 1080nm laser beam and a high reflectivity to the ultraviolet light. The laser beam emitted by the power adjustable laser assembly 40 passes through the dichroic mirror and is focused on the surface of the object by the focus adjustment assembly 70 to generate plasma. The ultraviolet light signal light emitted by the plasma returns along the original focusing light path and is reflected to the second photoelectric detection assembly 60 by the dichroic mirror. The integration of the laser focusing light path and the ultraviolet light collection light path is completed by the dichroic mirror 75. The pulsed laser output by the laser enters the telescope system through the dichroic mirror so that the laser beam is focused and penetrates the target surface to generate plasma. A dichroic mirror that transmits 1080 nm laser and has a reflection band of 300-450 nm is selected. The ultraviolet light emitted by the plasma returns along the original focusing light path, is reflected to the second optical interface 72 by the dichroic mirror, and couples the ultraviolet light to the second photoelectric detection assembly 60.

[0122] The seventh lens 76, the eighth lens 77, and the ninth lens 78 form a telescope system. By adjusting the distance between the lenses, the focusing distance is changed to achieve long-distance zooming. The seventh lens 76 can use a plano-concave lens with a diameter of 25.4 mm and a focal length of 50.8 mm, and the eighth lens 77 and the ninth lens 78 can use two plano-convex lenses with a diameter of 101.6 mm and a focal length of 250 mm. The eighth lens 77 and the ninth lens 78 form a double convex lens system to reduce aberrations and improve laser focusing quality.

[0123] The seventh lens 76 can be fixed, and the lens group consisting of the eighth lens 77 and the ninth lens 78 can be moved along the optical axis to adjust the lens spacing to change the focal length of the system and adjust the focusing distance of the laser.

[0124] The eighth lens 77 and the ninth lens 78 are mounted on the sliding block 711. The distance between the lenses can be changed by moving the sliding block 711 to adjust the focusing distance of the laser. The first controller component 30 is used for control to realize the automation of the zoom process. The first controller component 30 first communicates with the first photoelectric detection component 50 to obtain the distance to the surface of the target object, and then outputs the ideal focal length value of the laser focus at the distance through the pre-calibrated internal mapping table (distance measurement value-ideal focal length), thereby sending a driving signal to the focal length adjustment component 70 to control the zoom so that the laser is focused on the surface of the target object.

[0125] The upper sliding sleeve of the sliding block 711 is arranged on the guide rail 712, and can slide freely along the axial direction on the guide rail 712. The lower part of the sliding block 711 is provided with a threaded hole, and is mechanically connected to the lead screw 710 through the threaded hole. One end of the lead screw 710 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the driving device 79. The focal length adjustment component 70 drives the lead screw 710 to rotate through the driving device 79 to adjust the focal length. After the driving device 79 is started, it drives the lead screw 710 to rotate. When the lead screw 710 rotates, it drives the sliding block 711 to move linearly. At this time, the sliding block 711 drives the eighth lens 77 and the ninth lens 78 to move linearly in the direction of the optical axis, thereby realizing the adjustment of the focal length.

[0126] The driving device 79 can use a DC stepper motor to meet the requirements of positioning accuracy and output torque. The first controller component 30 contains an optical path value-ideal focal length mapping table, and the number of motor rotations is directly obtained through the optical path value. Since there is no cumulative error in the stepper motor, when its maximum speed does not exceed the speed corresponding to the limit response frequency under constant load, there will be no step loss or stall phenomenon, and then the stepper motor drive pulse signal required for zooming can be calculated and determined according to the ideal focal length.

[0127] The function of the focal length adjustment component 70 is to keep the laser spot at the minimum at different distances. Since the laser spot size is only related to the far-field divergence angle θ of the laser, the focal length f of the lens system and the distance, and the laser divergence angle is a fixed value, the ideal lens focal length value that minimizes the spot at the target can be calculated by the optical path when the same laser is used. After the optical path to the surface of the target object is measured by the first photoelectric detection component 50, the first controller component 30 obtains the ideal focal length value through mapping conversion, calculates the number of motor rotations, and outputs an appropriate drive signal to the drive device 79.

[0128] In this embodiment, the first controller component 30 is electrically connected to the stepper motor for rotating the stepper motor. The first controller component 30 stores the correspondence between the focus position and the position of the eighth lens 77 and the ninth lens 78, that is, the correspondence between the focus position of the laser beam and the rotation direction and number of rotations of the stepper motor.

[0129] The sliding block 711 is respectively connected to the seventh lens 76 and the lead screw 710. When the stepping motor rotates, the eighth lens 77 and the ninth lens 78 can be driven to move in the optical axis direction through the transmission of the lead screw and the threaded hole.

[0130] According to the actual distance, the eighth lens 77 and the ninth lens 78 are driven by the driving device 79 to move along the optical axis, thereby changing the focal position of the emitted laser beam, so that the focused light spot can accurately act on the surface of the target object located at the focused position. Specifically, by driving the eighth lens 77 and the ninth lens 78 along the optical axis direction toward the seventh lens 76 through the driving device 79, the focal position of the emitted laser beam can be moved toward the long distance direction, and by driving the eighth lens 77 and the ninth lens 78 along the optical axis direction away from the seventh lens 76 through the driving device 79, the focal position of the emitted laser beam can be moved toward the short distance direction. Therefore, the accurate positioning of the focused light spot can be achieved, the engineering practicality is high, and the operation is simple.

[0131] For ease of operation, in this embodiment, the focal length adjustment component 70 may also include a data interface (not shown in the figure), which is connected to the first controller component 30 and is used to input a driving signal of the driving device 79, that is, the rotation direction and number of rotations of the driving device 79.

[0132] When very precise operation is not required, the eighth lens 77 and the ninth lens 78 can be driven to move along the optical axis using a relatively low-specification electric platform, a piezoelectric actuator, a VCM (voice coil motor), etc.

[0133] Its features are as follows: (1) The laser focusing optical path is the same as the collection optical path of the second photoelectric detection component 60, which is convenient for installation and debugging; (2) The system has a compact structure and the components are easy to process; (3) By moving the convex lens along the optical axis, the focal length of the system can be adjusted to meet the requirements of remote focusing.

[0134] Embodiment 7:

[0135] As attached Figure 6 As shown, this embodiment mainly describes a laser demolition device 200 equipped with the adaptive high-energy laser module 100 in any one of Embodiments 1-6, which is described in detail as follows: It includes: a battery assembly 210, a charging interface 220, a second controller assembly 230, a human-machine interface assembly 240, a speaker assembly 250, a switch assembly 260, an electromagnetic relay 270, and an adaptive high-energy laser module 100.

[0136] The battery assembly 210 preferably uses a rechargeable battery such as a lithium battery or a lead-acid battery.

[0137] The charging interface 220 is electrically connected to the battery assembly 210, and the battery assembly 210 is electrically connected to the second controller assembly 230, the human-machine interface assembly 240, the speaker assembly 250, the electromagnetic relay 270, and the adaptive high-energy laser module 100 through the switch assembly 260;

[0138] The second controller component 230 is used for authority detection and controls the actions of the human-machine interface component 240 , the speaker component 250 , the electromagnetic relay 270 , and the adaptive high-energy laser module 100 .

[0139] The human-machine interface component 240 includes human-machine interaction devices such as a keyboard and a display screen.

[0140] The electromagnetic relay 270 is used to control the on / off of the circuit between the battery assembly 210 and the adaptive high energy laser module 100 according to the low voltage command signal sent by the second controller assembly 230 .

[0141] Before the demolition operation, the distance and surface material of the target object to be demolished are automatically detected, the focusing position of the high-energy laser beam is automatically adjusted according to the distance of the target object to be demolished, and the power of the third pulse laser beam LB3 output by the demolition operation is automatically adjusted according to the distance and surface material properties of the target object.

[0142] Laser demolition is based on the principles of optics, thermodynamics and material science. The laser beam generated by the laser is transmitted and focused by the optical system, and the energy is converted into heat energy, which quickly raises the surface temperature of the target object to the melting point, achieving melting or evaporation, thereby performing demolition. Laser power and material properties such as thermal conductivity, melting point and absorptivity affect the demolition process.

[0143] Different materials have different absorption and reflectivity to lasers. Metal materials usually have a higher reflectivity to lasers and require a higher laser power to be effectively cut, while non-metal materials such as wood and plastic have a higher absorption rate to lasers and require a relatively lower laser power. When a 1200W laser is used to cut a 2mm thick mild steel plate, the cutting speed can reach 600cm / min; when cutting a 5mm thick polypropylene resin plate, the cutting speed can reach 1200cm / min.

[0144] In the laser demolition process, the output power of the laser directly affects the ability to demolish objects. In order to achieve a better demolition effect, the output power needs to be adjusted according to the surface material of the demolished target object. The target objects often encountered in demolition operations are usually made of metal materials such as steel, copper, and aluminum alloy.

[0145] If the target object is made of steel, a 1000W laser output power can generally break through thin steel plates. This is because the emission wavelength of the fiber laser is 1080 nm, and steel is a ferrous metal that has the characteristics of high absorption and low reflection for 1080 nm wavelength lasers.

[0146] Since aluminum alloy materials have the characteristic of high reflection to 1080 nm wavelength laser, generally, a laser output power of 1500W or more is required to break into target objects made of aluminum alloy.

[0147] The reflectivity of common copper alloys such as bronze and copper to 1080 nm wavelength laser is lower than that of aluminum alloy but higher than that of steel. Generally, a laser output power of 1200W or above can break through copper thin plates.

[0148] Embodiment 8:

[0149] This embodiment mainly describes a laser demolition method using the laser demolition device 200 of Embodiment 7, as shown in the attached Figure 7 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0150] Step 1: After the switch assembly 260 is connected, the second controller assembly 230 first controls the electromagnetic relay 270 to disconnect the connection between the adaptive high energy laser module 100 and the battery assembly 210;

[0151] Step 2: The second controller component 230 controls the speaker component 250 to send out an audio message "Please enter the password";

[0152] Step 3: The second controller component 230 receives the password input by the human-machine interface component 240 to determine whether it is correct. If the password is correct, the next step 4 is executed. Otherwise, the second controller component 230 controls the speaker component 250 to emit an audio message "Wrong password" and proceeds to step 2.

[0153] Step 4: The second controller assembly 230 controls the electromagnetic relay 270 to conduct the connection between the adaptive high energy laser module 100 and the battery assembly 210, and the battery assembly 210 supplies power to the adaptive high energy laser module 100;

[0154] Step 5: The second controller component 230 controls the speaker component 250 to send out an audio message "High-energy laser is about to be emitted, please avoid it";

[0155] Step 6: The first controller component 30 controls the power adjustable laser component 40 to emit a first pulse laser beam LB1 with a first power P1 at a first time T1, and the first pulse laser beam LB1 irradiates the target object OB to generate a back-reflected light, and a part of the back-reflected light is received by the first photoelectric detection component 50 at a second time T2 and converted into an electrical signal, and the first controller component 30 obtains the optical path S according to the difference between the second time T2 and the first time T1;

[0156] Step 7: The first controller component 30 controls the focus adjustment component 70 to adjust the focus according to the optical distance S, and adjusts the focus position of the light beam emitted by the power adjustable laser component 40 to be on the target object OB;

[0157] Step 8: The first controller component 30 controls the power adjustable laser component 40 to emit a second pulse laser beam LB2 of a second power P2 at a third time T3, and the second pulse laser beam LB2 is irradiated on the target object OB to form a high-temperature plasma on the surface of the target object OB. The high-temperature plasma generates a spectral line of a specific wavelength, and the spectral line of the specific wavelength is received and detected by the second photoelectric detection component 60. The second photoelectric detection component 60 transmits the wavelength information of the detected spectral line to the first controller component 30, and the first controller component 30 determines the surface material of the target object OB according to the wavelength information of the spectral line.

[0158] Step 9: The first controller component 30 may determine the demolition power P3 required for laser demolition of the target object OB according to the surface material of the target object OB;

[0159] Step 10: The first controller component 30 controls the power adjustable laser component 40 to emit a third pulse laser beam LB3 with a demolition power P3 to perform a demolition operation on the target object OB;

[0160] Step 11: After the demolition operation is completed, the switch assembly 260 is disconnected.

[0161] Embodiment 9:

[0162] Based on the scheme of Example 8, in step 8, the memory connected to the first controller component 30 stores the wavelength data of the spectral line generated by the plasma. The first controller component 30 uses the wavelength detected by the second photoelectric detection component 60 to compare with the wavelength data in the memory to determine the surface material of the target object OB.

[0163] In this embodiment, the first controller component 30 compares the wavelength with the wavelength data in the memory according to the wavelength with the highest light intensity detected by the second photoelectric detection component 60, and can perform a qualitative analysis on the surface material of the target object OB. The target objects often encountered in demolition operations are usually made of metal materials such as steel, copper, and aluminum alloys, and a small amount of data stored in the memory can meet the needs. The first controller component 30 determines the material of the target object according to the wavelength with the highest light intensity detected by the second photoelectric detection component 60, which is a qualitative analysis, because in metal materials such as steel, copper, and aluminum alloys, a main metal element is usually doped with a small amount of other metal elements, and the laser power required for demolition operations is usually determined by the main metal element in the metal material.

[0164] Embodiment 10:

[0165] Based on the scheme of Example 9, in step 7, if the first controller component 30 determines that the detected optical path S exceeds the focal length adjustment range of the focal length adjustment component 70, it sends a distance alarm signal to the second controller component 230. After receiving the distance alarm signal, the second controller component 230 controls the speaker component 250 to send an audio message "Distance exceeds the limit, please adjust the distance" and proceeds to step 6.

[0166] The focal adjustment range of the focal adjustment component 70 is limited. If the distance to the target object is too close, the target object will be in the blind spot of the focal adjustment component 70, and the secondary organisms generated during the demolition process may easily hinder the safety of personnel. If the distance to the target object is too far, the laser beam cannot be focused on the surface of the target object, resulting in a large spot size of the laser beam and severe energy attenuation per unit area of ​​the laser beam, making it impossible to complete the demolition.

[0167] The above description only describes the specific implementation mode of the present invention. Various examples do not limit the essential content of the present invention. After reading the description, ordinary technicians in the relevant technical field can modify or deform the specific implementation modes described above without departing from the essence and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive high-energy laser module, comprising a housing, wherein a first power supply component, a first controller component, a power adjustable laser component, a first photoelectric detection component, a second photoelectric detection component, a focus adjustment component, and a heat dissipation component are arranged in the housing; the first power supply component is used to receive external electric energy and supply power to the first controller component, the power adjustable laser component, the first photoelectric detection component, the second photoelectric detection component, and the focus adjustment component; characterized in that: The first controller component is electrically connected to the power adjustable laser component, the first photoelectric detection component, the second photoelectric detection component, and the focus adjustment component; The power adjustable laser component and the second photoelectric detection component are optically coupled to the focus adjustment component respectively; the focus adjustment component is coaxially arranged with the power adjustable laser component and can change the focus position of the light beam emitted by the power adjustable laser component; The first controller component controls the power adjustable laser component to emit a first pulse laser beam with a first power at a first time, the first pulse laser beam irradiates the target object to generate back-reflected light, and a part of the back-reflected light is received by the first photoelectric detection component at a second time and converted into an electrical signal; The first controller component obtains an optical distance according to the difference between the second time and the first time; the first controller component controls the focal length adjustment component to adjust the focal length according to the optical distance, so as to adjust the focusing position of the light beam emitted by the power adjustable laser component to the target object; The first controller component controls the power adjustable laser component to emit a second pulsed laser beam with a second power at a third time, wherein the second power is greater than the first power; the second pulsed laser beam irradiates the target object to form a high-temperature plasma on the surface of the target object, wherein the high-temperature plasma generates a spectral line with a specific wavelength, and the spectral line with a specific wavelength is received and detected by the second photoelectric detection component, and the second photoelectric detection component transmits the wavelength information of the detected spectral line to the first controller component, and the first controller component performs a qualitative analysis on the surface material of the target object according to the wavelength information of the spectral line; The first controller component determines the demolition power required for laser demolition of the target object according to the surface material of the target object, and the power adjustable laser component emits a third pulse laser beam with a power of the demolition power under the control of the first controller component; The same laser is controlled to emit pulsed lasers of different powers at different times, and cooperates with the first photoelectric detection component and the second photoelectric detection component to complete the three functions of target distance detection, surface material detection, and target demolition. This improves the integration of the adaptive high-energy laser module, reduces the number of light sources, reduces costs, and reduces volume and weight, making it easy to carry and use.

2. The adaptive high energy laser module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power adjustable laser assembly preferably uses a pulse fiber laser, including a pulse signal generator, a semiconductor laser, a first optical isolator, a first filter, a first cladding light filter, a first ytterbium-doped fiber, a first coupler, a first pump laser, a first mode field adapter, a second optical isolator, a second mode field adapter, a second cladding light filter, a second ytterbium-doped fiber, a second coupler, a second pump laser, a third optical isolator, a second filter, a third mode field adapter, a third cladding light filter, a third ytterbium-doped fiber, a third coupler, a third pump laser, and an isolation collimator. The pulse width ranges from 4 nanoseconds to several hundred nanoseconds. The flexible modulation characteristics of the semiconductor laser are used to obtain signal light with adjustable pulse width, repetition frequency, pulse shape and amplitude.

3. The adaptive high energy laser module according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first ytterbium-doped fiber in the power adjustable laser component adopts a 6μm / 125μm / 0.07 NA double-clad ytterbium-doped fiber with a length of 3.5 m, which is pumped by a first pump laser; the second ytterbium-doped fiber adopts a 20μm / 125μm / 0.07 NA large mode area double-clad fiber with a length of 3.5 m, which is pumped by a second pump laser; the third ytterbium-doped fiber uses an 80μm / 400μm / 0.12 NA ultra-large mode area XLMA ytterbium-doped double-clad fiber with a length of 2.5 m, which is pumped by a third pump laser, and the third pump laser uses six 310 W / 915 nm semiconductor lasers.

4. The adaptive high energy laser module according to claim 3, characterized in that: The maximum output power of the power adjustable laser assembly reaches 1500W, and a pulse energy of 20 mJ is obtained. The output power can be adjusted by direct modulation of the semiconductor laser.

5. The adaptive high energy laser module according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The first photoelectric detection component includes a third filter, a first converging lens, an avalanche photodetector and a conditioning circuit. The conditioning circuit includes an amplifier circuit, a comparison circuit and a timing circuit. The output end of the avalanche photodetector is connected to the input end of the amplifier circuit, the output end of the amplifier circuit is connected to the input end of the comparison circuit, the output end of the comparison circuit is connected to the input end of the timing circuit, and the output end of the timing circuit is electrically connected to the first controller component. The backward laser signal reflected by the target object passes through the third filter, is converged by the first converging lens, and then irradiates the light receiving surface of the avalanche photodetector. The avalanche photodetector is used to convert the received laser signal into a corresponding electrical signal and send the electrical signal to the amplifier circuit. The amplifier circuit sends the amplified electrical signal to the comparison circuit. The comparison circuit compares the received amplified electrical signal with a threshold value. When it is greater than the threshold value, a trigger signal is generated and the trigger signal is sent to the timing circuit. The timing circuit sends the arrival time of the trigger signal to the first controller component.

6. The adaptive high energy laser module according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The second photoelectric detection component includes a fourth filter, a second converging lens, a slit, a concave reflector, a grating as a spectroscopic element, and a CCD device. The light passes through the fourth filter and is collected by the second converging lens and continues to propagate through the slit. The light passing through the slit is reflected by the concave reflector and then converged and irradiated on the grating. Light of different wavelengths in the grating leaves the grating at slightly different angles and irradiates different positions on the surface of the CCD device.

7. The adaptive high energy laser module according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The focal length adjustment component includes a first optical interface optically coupled with the power adjustable laser component, a second optical interface optically coupled with the second photoelectric detection component, a fifth lens, a sixth lens, a dichroic mirror, a seventh lens, an eighth lens, and a ninth lens sequentially arranged along the axis, wherein the eighth lens and the ninth lens are mounted on a sliding block, an upper sliding sleeve of the sliding block is arranged on a guide rail and slides freely along the axial direction, a threaded hole is provided at the lower part of the sliding block and is mechanically connected to a lead screw through the threaded hole, one end of the lead screw is fixedly connected to an output shaft of a driving device, wherein the seventh lens, the eighth lens, and the ninth lens form a zoom system, and the focusing distance is changed by adjusting the spacing between the lenses, the seventh lens uses a plano-concave lens with a diameter of 25.4 mm and a focal length of 50.8 mm, the eighth lens and the ninth lens both use plano-convex lenses with a diameter of 101.6 mm and a focal length of 250 mm, and the eighth lens and the ninth lens form a double convex lens system to reduce aberrations.

8. A laser demolition device, characterized in that: The device comprises a battery assembly, a charging interface, a second controller assembly, a human-machine interface assembly, a speaker assembly, a switch assembly, an electromagnetic relay, and an adaptive high-energy laser module according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the charging interface is electrically connected to the battery assembly, and the battery assembly is electrically connected to the second controller assembly, the human-machine interface assembly, the speaker assembly, the electromagnetic relay, and the adaptive high-energy laser module through the switch assembly; Before the demolition operation, the distance and surface material of the target object to be demolished are automatically detected, the focusing position of the laser beam emitted by the adaptive high-energy laser module is automatically adjusted according to the distance of the target object, and the power of the third pulse laser beam output by the adaptive high-energy laser module is automatically adjusted according to the distance of the target object and the surface material properties.

9. A laser demolition method using the laser demolition device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: After the switch assembly is connected, the second controller assembly first controls the electromagnetic relay to disconnect the connection between the adaptive high energy laser module and the battery assembly; Step 2: The second controller component controls the speaker component to send out an audio message "Please enter password"; Step 3: The second controller component receives the password input by the human-machine interface component to determine whether it is correct. If the password is correct, the next step 4 is executed. Otherwise, the second controller component controls the speaker component to emit an audio message "Wrong password" and proceeds to step 2. Step 4: The second controller component controls the electromagnetic relay to conduct the connection between the adaptive high-energy laser module and the battery component, and the battery component supplies power to the first power supply component of the adaptive high-energy laser module; Step 5: The second controller component controls the speaker component to send out an audio message "high energy laser is about to be emitted, please avoid it"; Step 6: The first controller component controls the power adjustable laser component to emit a first pulse laser beam with a first power at a first time, the first pulse laser beam irradiates the target object to generate back-reflected light, a part of the back-reflected light is received by the first photoelectric detection component at a second time and converted into an electrical signal, and the first controller component obtains the optical path according to the difference between the second time and the first time; Step 7: The first controller component controls the focal length adjustment component to adjust the focal length according to the optical path, and adjusts the focusing position of the light beam emitted by the power adjustable laser component to be on the target object; Step 8: The first controller component controls the power adjustable laser component to emit a second pulse laser beam of a second power at a third time, and the second pulse laser beam is irradiated on the target object to form a high-temperature plasma on the surface of the target object. The high-temperature plasma generates a spectral line of a specific wavelength, and the spectral line of the specific wavelength is received and detected by the second photoelectric detection component. The second photoelectric detection component transmits the wavelength information of the detected spectral line to the first controller component, and the first controller component determines the surface material of the target object according to the wavelength information of the spectral line; Step 9: The first controller component determines the demolition power required for laser demolition of the target object according to the surface material of the target object; Step 10: The first controller component controls the power-adjustable laser component to emit a third pulse laser beam with a demolition power to perform a demolition operation on the target object; Step 11: After the demolition operation is completed, the switch assembly is disconnected.

10. The laser demolition method according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step 7, if the first controller component determines that the detected optical path exceeds the focal length adjustment range of the focal length adjustment component, it sends a distance warning signal to the second controller component. After receiving the distance warning signal, the second controller component controls the speaker component to send an audio message "Distance exceeds the limit, please adjust the distance" and proceeds to step 6.

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