Mining preparation method for mechanically mining crushed low-grade thin ore body

Abstract

According to the accurate mining method for mechanically mining the low-grade broken thin ore body, the stope is simple in structural arrangement, convenient to implement and few in mining and cutting engineering, mechanical equipment is completely adopted, the mining method is safe, economical and advanced, the mining and cutting cost is greatly reduced by arranging the mining and cutting engineering at the ore-rock junction and using the mechanical equipment for mining, and the mining and cutting efficiency is improved. And under the condition that safety, mechanical mining and mine profit are guaranteed, mining of the low-grade broken thin ore body is achieved, and waste of low-grade ore resources is avoided. According to the accurate mining method for mechanically mining the low-grade broken thin ore body, the low-grade broken thin ore body is mechanically mined by utilizing an in-vein mining and cutting project under the condition of not adopting an out-vein transition layer transverse drift and an out-vein segmented transportation roadway, so that safe, economical and mechanical mining is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mining, and in particular to a method for mechanized mining and crushing of low-grade thin ore bodies. Background Art

[0002] At present, in the field of mining of broken low-grade thin ore bodies in metal and non-metal mines, this type of ore body is difficult to mine. Due to the technical level and mining cost factors, most mines choose not to mine or use the layered caving method to mine a small part of the ore. Most of the low-grade ore is discarded, resulting in a large amount of ore resources. How to achieve safe, economical and efficient mining of broken low-grade thin ore bodies while ensuring profitability is a difficult problem that mines at home and abroad need to face. Because the ore body is broken, low-grade, and thin, it is even more difficult to use mechanized mining of such ore bodies.

[0003] In summary, the existing mining technology cannot achieve low-grade, broken and thin ore mining while ensuring safe, mechanized mining and mine profitability. Summary of the invention

[0004] The main technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to seek a low-cost mining method suitable for mechanized operations, which utilizes the intra-vein mining and cutting project to mechanizedly mine low-grade, broken and thin ore bodies without adopting extra-vein layer-transferring and extra-vein segmented transportation tunnels, thereby achieving safe, economical and mechanized mining.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for mechanized mining of low-grade broken thin ore bodies, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: construct a through-vein transport tunnel from the lower wall off-vein stage transport tunnel to expose the upper and lower walls of the ore body, and then construct an advanced ventilation and filling skylight near the junction of the ore and rock in the upper wall, which runs through the through-vein transport tunnels of the upper and lower stages;

[0007] Step 2: construct a tunneling trolley transfer chamber and a scraper transfer chamber at the upper wall of the ore body;

[0008] Step 3: The ore bodies of the stopes on both sides of the through-vein transport tunnel are mined by tunnel excavation. When the first layer is mined, the stope on the left side of the through-vein transport tunnel is mined ahead of the stope on the right side. After the stope on the left side is mined, a filling retaining wall is constructed, and then cement filling is performed on the goaf;

[0009] Step 4: After the mining of the right stope is completed, a pedestrian erection shaft and a mine pit are constructed outside the lower wall of the ore body. The excavated waste rock is shoveled to the junction of the left and right stopes by a scraper to build a waste rock cushion slope;

[0010] Step 5: construct upward shallow holes at the excavation trolley transfer chamber and the scrap loader transfer chamber of the current layer, and use the waste rock that collapses after the explosive blasting to fill the space of the excavation trolley transfer chamber and the scrap loader transfer chamber of the current layer, and naturally form the excavation trolley transfer chamber and the scrap loader transfer chamber of the upper layer;

[0011] Step 6: The scraper is transported to the scraper transfer chamber of the upper layer through the waste rock cushion slope, and the drilling trolley reaches the left stope through the waste rock cushion slope and drills horizontal blast holes in the left stope. The ore that collapses after blasting is transported to the ore pit on the way to the lower wall;

[0012] Step 7: After the left stope has mined a length of rock drilling equipment, the right stope begins to be filled with filling bodies;

[0013] Step 8: The above steps are repeated in sequence for the left and right mining areas until the two mining areas on the left and right sides of the entire middle section are mined.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment: the mining project is arranged within a vein or at the interface between ore and rock.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment: the mining equipment used in the mining method includes a drilling rig and a scraper.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment: the drilling rig and the scraper only serve two adjacent mining areas, and leave from the vein-crossing transport tunnel in the upper middle section after all the ore bodies in the two mining areas are mined.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment: during blasting, the drilling trolley and the scraper are placed in the excavation trolley transfer chamber and the scraper transfer chamber respectively.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] The present invention provides a method for mechanized mining of low-grade, broken and thin ore bodies. The mining site has a simple structure and is easy to implement. There are relatively few mining and cutting projects, and all mechanized equipment is used. The mining method is safe, economical and advanced. The mining and cutting costs are greatly reduced by arranging mining and cutting projects at the interface between ore and rock and using mechanized equipment for mining. The mining of low-grade, broken and thin ore bodies is achieved while ensuring safe, mechanized mining and mine profitability, thus avoiding the waste of low-grade ore resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is the front view II of the stope of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 It is the side view of the stope of the present invention III I I;

[0022] Figure 3It is the side view II II II of the stope of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is the cross-sectional view IV-IV of the stope layered mining of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 This is the stope bottom structure VV of the present invention.

[0025] In the figure: 1-stage transport tunnel; 2-through-vein transport tunnel; 3-advanced ventilation and filling shaft; 4-pedestrian erection shaft along the way; 5-mine placement shaft along the way; 6-excavation trolley transfer chamber; 7-shovel loader transfer chamber; 8-filling retaining wall; 9-waste rock cushion slope; 10-ore body; 11-filling body; 12-horizontal blasthole; 13-caved ore. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention; it is obvious that the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "top / bottom" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific position, be constructed and operated in a specific position, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0028] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly stipulated and limited, the terms "installed", "provided with", "mounted / connected", "connected", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connection" can be a wall-mounted connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection. It can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. It can be the internal connection of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0029] This implementation example is a gold mine of a certain company in Shanxi Province, with gold as its main product. The ore body is 500m to 1000m deep underground, with a strike length of 200 to 300m, an average thickness of 1.0 to 1.5m, an inclination of 70° to 90°, and a gold grade of 1.2 to 1.8g / t, which is a low-grade, steeply inclined, broken, thin ore body. In the early stage, the layered caving method was used for mining. In the later stage, due to the high loss rate, high safety risk, and high mining cost, the company has been losing money and has now stopped production. The present invention needs to seek an economical and efficient mining system and mining method, which uses the intra-vein mining and cutting project to mechanize the mining of such low-grade, broken, steeply inclined, thin ore bodies without using the extra-vein layer-transfer and extra-vein segmented transportation lanes, so as to achieve safe, economical and advanced mining.

[0030] The mining field structure of the present invention is simple in layout and easy to implement. There are relatively few mining and cutting projects, all of which use mechanized equipment. The mining method is safe, economical and advanced. By arranging mining and cutting projects at the junction of ore and rock and using mechanized equipment for mining, the mining and cutting costs are greatly reduced. While ensuring safe, mechanized mining and mine profitability, low-grade broken thin ore body mining is achieved, avoiding the waste of low-grade ore resources.

[0031] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 A mechanized mining system for low-grade, broken and thin ore bodies, including a stage transport tunnel 1, a vein transport tunnel 2, an advanced ventilation and filling shaft 3, a pedestrian erection shaft 4, a mine shaft 5, a driving trolley transfer chamber 6, a scraper transfer chamber 7, a filling retaining wall 8, a waste rock cushion slope 9, an ore body 10, a filling body 11, a horizontal blast hole 12, and a caved ore 13. It is characterized by:

[0032] Step 1: construct a through-vein transport tunnel 2 from the lower wall off-vein stage transport tunnel 1 to expose the upper and lower walls of the ore body, and then construct an advanced ventilation and filling skylight 3 near the junction of the ore and rock in the upper wall, and the advanced ventilation and filling skylight 3 penetrates the through-vein transport tunnel 2 of the upper and lower stages;

[0033] Step 2: construct a tunneling trolley transfer chamber 6 and a scraper transfer chamber 7 at the upper wall of the ore body;

[0034] Step 3: mining the ore bodies 10 of the stopes on both sides of the through-vein transport tunnel 2 by tunnel excavation. When mining the first layer, the stope on the left side of the through-vein transport tunnel 2 is mined ahead of the stope on the right side. After the stope on the left side is mined, a filling retaining wall 8 is constructed, and then cementing and filling the goaf;

[0035] Step 4: After the mining of the right stope is completed, a pedestrian erection shaft 4 and a mine caving shaft 5 are constructed outside the lower wall of the ore body. The excavated waste rock is shoveled to the junction of the left and right stopes by a scraper to construct a waste rock cushion slope 9;

[0036] Step 5: construct upward shallow holes at the excavation trolley transfer chamber 6 and the scraper transfer chamber 7 of the current layer. The waste rock that collapses after the explosive blasting can fill the space of the excavation trolley transfer chamber 6 and the scraper transfer chamber 7 of the current layer, and naturally form the excavation trolley transfer chamber 6 and the scraper transfer chamber 7 of the upper layer;

[0037] Step 6: The scraper is transported to the scraper transfer chamber 7 of the upper layer through the waste rock cushion slope 9, and the drilling trolley reaches the left stope through the waste rock cushion slope 9 and drills horizontal blastholes 12 in the left stope, and the ore 13 collapsed after blasting is transported to the ore pit 5 on the way to the lower plate;

[0038] Step 7: After the left stope has mined a length of rock drilling equipment, the right stope begins to be filled with the filling body 11;

[0039] Step 8: The left and right side mining areas are cycled in sequence according to the above steps until the left and right mining areas of the entire middle section are mined.

[0040] Among them, the mining system and method for mechanized mining and crushing of low-grade thin ore bodies are characterized in that: all mining projects are arranged in the vein or at the junction of ore and rock, and there is no need to construct segmented transportation lanes outside the vein and layered through-vein transportation lanes when recovering the layered ore body;

[0041] Among them, the mining system and method for mechanized mining and crushing of low-grade thin ore bodies are characterized in that all major mining equipment are small mechanized equipment, including drilling rigs and scrapers.

[0042] Among them, the mining system and method for mechanized mining and crushing of low-grade thin ore bodies are characterized in that: the rock drilling trolley and the scraper only serve two adjacent stopes, and can leave from the upper and middle sections of the vein transport tunnel only after all the ore bodies in the two stopes are mined;

[0043] Among them, the mining system and method for mechanized mining and crushing of low-grade thin ore bodies is characterized in that during blasting, the drilling trolley and the shovel loader must be parked in the excavation trolley transfer chamber and the shovel loader transfer chamber respectively.

[0044] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation mode of the present invention, and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any technical equivalent changes made using the contents of the present invention specification shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for mechanized mining of low-grade, broken, thin ore bodies, characterized in that The steps include: Step 1: construct a through-vein transport tunnel from the lower wall off-vein stage transport tunnel to expose the upper and lower walls of the ore body, and then construct an advanced ventilation and filling skylight near the junction of the ore and rock in the upper wall, which runs through the through-vein transport tunnels of the upper and lower stages; Step 2: construct a tunneling trolley transfer chamber and a scraper transfer chamber at the upper wall of the ore body; Step 3: The ore bodies of the stopes on both sides of the through-vein transport tunnel are mined by tunnel excavation. When the first layer is mined, the stope on the left side of the through-vein transport tunnel is mined ahead of the stope on the right side. After the stope on the left side is mined, a filling retaining wall is constructed, and then cement filling is performed on the goaf; Step 4: After the mining of the right stope is completed, a pedestrian erection shaft and a mine pit are constructed outside the lower wall of the ore body. The excavated waste rock is shoveled to the junction of the left and right stopes by a scraper to build a waste rock cushion slope; Step 5: construct upward shallow holes at the excavation trolley transfer chamber and the scrap loader transfer chamber of the current layer, and use the waste rock that collapses after the explosive blasting to fill the space of the excavation trolley transfer chamber and the scrap loader transfer chamber of the current layer, and naturally form the excavation trolley transfer chamber and the scrap loader transfer chamber of the upper layer; Step 6: The scraper is transported to the scraper transfer chamber of the upper layer through the waste rock cushion slope, and the drilling trolley reaches the left stope through the waste rock cushion slope and drills horizontal blast holes in the left stope. The ore that collapses after blasting is transported to the ore pit on the way to the lower wall; Step 7: After the left stope has mined a length of rock drilling equipment, the right stope begins to be filled with filling bodies; Step 8: The above steps are repeated in sequence for the left and right mining areas until the two mining areas on the left and right sides of the entire middle section are mined.

2. The method for mechanized mining and crushing of low-grade thin ore bodies according to claim 1 is characterized by: The mining project is arranged within the vein or at the junction of ore and rock.

3. The method for mechanized mining and crushing of low-grade thin ore bodies according to claim 1 is characterized by: The mining equipment used in the mining method includes a drilling rig and a scraper.

4. The method for mechanized mining and crushing of low-grade thin ore bodies according to claim 3 is characterized by: The drilling rig and the scraper only serve two adjacent mining areas, and leave from the vein-crossing transport tunnel in the upper middle section after all the ore bodies in the two mining areas are mined.

5. The method for mechanized mining and crushing of low-grade thin ore bodies according to claim 3 is characterized by: During blasting, the drilling trolley and the scraper loader are placed separately in the excavation trolley transfer chamber and the scraper loader transfer chamber.

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