Double-layer energy management method for long-distance heat supply system comprising distributed energy storage adjusting unit

Abstract

The invention discloses a double-layer energy management method for a long-distance heat supply system comprising a distributed energy storage adjusting unit. The double-layer energy management method comprises the steps that the long-distance heat supply system comprising the distributed energy storage adjusting unit is established; setting an application mode of a distributed energy storage adjusting unit in the long-distance heat supply system; setting an energy storage and discharge mechanism of the distributed energy storage adjusting unit; by taking maximum consumption of new energy, optimal load supply and demand balance and optimal economic benefit as objective functions, establishing an energy storage adjusting unit optimization operation model in the source side thermal power plant, and deciding energy storage and discharge states and energy storage and discharge of the energy storage adjusting unit under different time scales; taking the minimum load curve standard deviation, the optimal heat load supply and demand balance, the lowest heat loss load rate and the maximum delay thermal power plant investment limit as objective functions, and establishing a heat storage device optimization operation model of a heat storage adjusting pool and a heating station on a pressure isolation station side and a heat user side; and energy storage and release states and heat storage and release of the heat storage adjusting water tank and the heat storage device under different time scales are decided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of long-distance heating systems, and in particular relates to a double-layer energy management method for a long-distance heating system containing a distributed energy storage regulating unit. Background Art

[0002] In the long-distance heating system, the thermal power plant on the source side provides heat to the long-distance heating pipeline network and electricity to the power grid. The long-distance heating pipeline network transmits heat over long distances to the urban heating network through relay pumping stations and pressure isolation stations, and then transmits heat to the end heat users through the thermal power stations of the urban heating network.

[0003] However, in the actual operation of the traditional long-distance heating system, there are many dynamic factors. For example, when a local failure occurs in the urban heating network, causing part of the heat load to be unable to be supplied, when encountering extreme weather, the heat load supply demand suddenly increases, and when the source-side thermal power plant needs to cooperate with the power grid to carry out peak and frequency regulation and power trading, due to the thermoelectric coupling characteristics of the units in the thermal power plant and the randomness of the emergency, the long-distance heating system will cause the heat load to be missing from the source side to the long-distance heating network side and the urban heating network side, the heat supply will not meet the standards, and the thermal power plant will not be able to supply electricity and heat as planned, making the regulation more complicated and costly. Therefore, how to establish flexible regulation and optimization of the energy of the entire network based on the operating characteristics of the source-side thermal power plant, the long-distance heating network side and the urban heating network side in the long-distance heating system, the various dynamic factors and the supply and demand change mechanism of the load, and ensure the supply and demand balance of the load of the source-side thermal power plant, the long-distance heating network side and the urban heating network side is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a two-layer energy management method for a long-distance heating system containing a distributed energy storage regulating unit. The method can achieve the optimized operation and load supply and demand balance of the long-distance heating system from the source-side thermal power plant to the pressure isolation station, thermal power station, and heat user by adding distributed energy storage regulating units, setting the application mode of the distributed energy storage regulating units in the long-distance heating system, establishing an optimized operation model of the energy storage regulating units in the source-side thermal power plant, and establishing an optimized operation model of the heat storage regulating water tank on the pressure isolation station side and the heat storage device on the thermal power station and heat user side.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is:

[0006] The present invention provides a double-layer energy management method for a long-distance heating system including a distributed energy storage regulating unit, comprising:

[0007] Establish a long-distance heating system with distributed energy storage and regulation units: add a heat storage and regulation water tank at the edge of the city at the long-distance heating network pressure isolation station, add an energy storage and regulation unit in the thermal power plant on the source side of the long-distance heating network, and add a heat storage device at the urban primary network heating station and the secondary network heating user side;

[0008] Set up the use mode of distributed energy storage regulation unit in the long-distance transmission heating system: use the energy storage regulation unit in the thermal power plant on the source side to absorb new energy, cooperate with the power grid to carry out peak and frequency regulation, improve the load regulation range and response rate of the thermal power plant units on the source side, and conduct electricity market transactions; use the heat storage regulation pool and thermal power station on the pressure isolation station side and the heat storage device on the heat user side to carry out peak shaving and valley filling of the primary and secondary networks, emergency operation of standby heating, improve heating reliability, and reduce equipment investment in thermal power plants;

[0009] Establish a heat load demand prediction model for heat users in the secondary network, calculate and obtain the heat load demand prediction values ​​of heat users, thermal power stations, pressure isolation stations and source-side thermal power plants at different time scales, and set the storage and release mechanism of the distributed energy storage regulation unit in combination with the heat load demand prediction value of the long-distance heating system, the electric load dispatching control instructions issued by the power grid, the output of the source-side thermal power plant units and external dynamic change conditions;

[0010] According to the energy storage and discharge mechanism and real-time storage capacity of the distributed energy storage regulating unit, with the maximum absorption of new energy, optimal load supply and demand balance and optimal economic benefits as the objective function, an optimal operation model of the energy storage regulating unit in the source-side thermal power plant is established to determine the energy storage and discharge state and the energy storage and discharge capacity of the energy storage regulating unit at different time scales; and with the minimum standard deviation of the load curve, the optimal heat load supply and demand balance, the lowest heat loss load rate and the longest delay in the investment period of the thermal power plant as the objective function, an optimal operation model of the heat storage regulating water tank on the pressure isolation station side and the heat storage device on the thermal power station and heat user side is established to determine the energy storage and discharge state and the heat storage and discharge amount of the heat storage regulating water tank and the heat storage device at different time scales;

[0011] Among them, the economic benefits include the penalty costs for abandoning new energy, the energy storage and release costs of energy storage regulation units, the electricity purchase costs, peak and frequency regulation compensation income, electricity trading income and heat sales income.

[0012] Furthermore, the number of the heat storage regulating water tank and the heat storage device is at least one; the primary network thermal power station and secondary network heat users for adding the heat storage device are screened based on historical heating operation results, user complaint rates, and historical abnormal failure rates, and the thermal power stations and heat users with poor heating operation results, high user complaint rates, and high abnormal failure rates are selected as preferred objects for adding the heat storage device.

[0013] Furthermore, the energy storage regulating unit in the source-side thermal power plant is used to absorb new energy, cooperate with the power grid to adjust the peak and frequency, improve the load adjustment range and response rate of the thermal power plant units on the source side, and conduct electricity market transactions, specifically including:

[0014] The source-side thermal power plant is connected to a new energy generator set; the energy storage regulating unit in the source-side thermal power plant is used to store and consume excess new energy electricity, thereby reducing the penalty cost of abandoning new energy, and the energy storage regulating unit is used to store low-priced electricity and excess heat, and recover waste heat;

[0015] The generating load of the units in the thermal power plant on the source side is related to environmental factors, unit equipment performance, unit operation mode, heat load, and heating parameters. The heat load and electric load of the units in the thermal power plant are strongly coupled, which limits the range of generating load changes of the units in the thermal power plant and the peak and frequency regulation performance of the units.

[0016] By adjusting the heat supply fast-closing valve set in the source-side thermal power plant and using the electricity and heat stored in the energy storage regulation unit, the heat load supply of the unit is reduced, and the heat and electricity distribution ratio of the thermal power plant unit is changed in a short time, thereby improving the peak-shaving and frequency-regulating performance, power generation load regulation range and response rate of the unit on a short time scale;

[0017] When a thermal power plant participates in power market transactions, it uses energy storage regulation units to make up for the missing transaction power, reduce the unit power output or reduce the cost of purchasing the missing power, and conduct power market transactions according to the transaction power agreed in advance by both parties;

[0018] Among them, in addition to using the energy storage regulation unit to cooperate with the power grid to carry out peak and frequency regulation, improve the power generation load regulation range and response rate of the thermal power plant units on the source side, and conduct electricity market transactions, it also includes: using the heat storage regulation pool on the pressure isolation station side, the heat stored in the heat storage device on the thermal power station and the heat user side to reduce the supply of heat load of the thermal power plant units on the source side, cooperate with the power grid to carry out peak and frequency regulation, improve the power generation load regulation range and response rate of the thermal power plant units on the source side, and conduct electricity market transactions.

[0019] Furthermore, the energy storage regulation unit in the source-side thermal power plant includes electricity storage equipment and heat storage equipment, and the number of energy storage regulation units is multiple; the hierarchical analysis method and entropy weight method are used to evaluate the peak-shaving and frequency regulation capabilities, new energy consumption capabilities, load regulation response capabilities, and the ability to assist in participating in electricity market transactions of each energy storage regulation unit in the source-side thermal power plant, and the priority under the corresponding operation mode is obtained according to the evaluation results, and the instructions are distributed and issued between the energy storage regulation units at the same time.

[0020] Furthermore, the heat storage regulating water tank and the thermal power station on the pressure isolation station side and the heat storage device on the heat user side are used to reduce the peak and fill the valley of the primary and secondary networks, emergency operation of standby heating, improve the reliability of heating, and reduce the equipment investment of thermal power plants, which specifically includes:

[0021] The heat network between the long-distance heat supply network pressure isolation station and each heat station is regarded as the primary network, and the heat network between each heat station and the corresponding heat user is regarded as the secondary network;

[0022] Through the heat storage regulating pool on the pressure isolation station side and the heat storage device on the heating station and heat user side, heat is stored during the low heat load period and released during the peak heat load period on the pressure isolation station side, the primary network heating station, and the secondary network heat user side, so as to reduce the peak and valley difference of the heat load;

[0023] When local abnormal failures occur in the primary and secondary networks and extreme outdoor weather occurs, heat storage regulating pools and heat storage devices are used for emergency standby heating; heat storage regulating pools and heat storage devices are used to reduce peak heat load, delay the upgrading of thermal power plant equipment, and reduce the investment cost of thermal power plant equipment; and heat storage regulating pools and heat storage devices are used to shave peaks and fill valleys, and provide emergency standby heating, using their own stored heat to make up for the missing heat load, ensuring the lowest heat loss load rate.

[0024] Furthermore, corresponding regulation priorities are set according to the regulation response rate and response amount of the heat storage regulating water tank and the heat storage device: when performing peak shaving and valley filling and emergency standby heating for secondary network heat users, the priority utilization order is the heat storage device on the heat user side, the heat storage device on the thermal power station side, and the heat storage regulating water tank on the pressure isolation station side; when performing peak shaving and valley filling and emergency standby heating for primary network heat users, the priority utilization order is the heat storage device on the thermal power station side, the heat storage regulating water tank on the pressure isolation station side, and the heat storage device on the heat user side.

[0025] Furthermore, the heat load demand prediction model of the secondary network heat users is established to calculate the heat load demand prediction values ​​of the heat users, heat power stations, pressure isolation stations and source-side thermal power plants at different time scales, including:

[0026] Taking into account the historical heating operation data of secondary network heat users and analyzing the load influencing factors based on the heat usage characteristics of the heat users themselves, a machine learning algorithm with a high degree of matching with the data is selected to establish a load forecasting model for heat users. The heat load development trend of each heat user in the future is predicted, and the heat loss between each thermal power station and each heat user, the heat loss between the pressure isolation station and each thermal power station, and the heat loss of the long-distance heating pipeline network are taken into account. The heat load demand forecast values ​​of the thermal power station, pressure isolation station and source-side thermal power plant at different time scales are calculated in turn.

[0027] Furthermore, the energy storage and release mechanism of the distributed energy storage regulating unit is set in combination with the predicted value of the heat load demand of the long-distance heat transmission system, the electric load dispatching control instruction issued by the power grid, the output of the thermal power plant unit on the source side and the external dynamic change conditions, including:

[0028] In the non-heating stage, electricity is supplied through the units in the thermal power plant on the source side. When the supplied electricity is greater than the demand, the excess electricity is stored in the electricity storage device in the energy storage regulation unit, or in the preset time period before the beginning of the early cold period of heating, part of the excess electricity is converted into heat and stored in the heat storage device in the energy storage regulation unit; and, according to the electric load dispatching control instructions and peak-shaving and frequency regulation instructions issued by the power grid, the electric load output of the units in the thermal power plant on the source side and the electricity released by the electricity storage device are used to execute the instructions;

[0029] In the early cold stage of heating, the heat load demand values ​​of heat users, thermal power stations, pressure isolation stations and source-side thermal power plants are in the low or medium range under normal and stable operating conditions; during the period when the heat load supply of the source-side thermal power plant exceeds the demand, the excess heat is stored in the heat storage device in the heat storage regulation unit or the heat storage regulation pool on the pressure isolation station side; during the period when the heat load supply of the pressure isolation station, thermal power station and heat users exceeds the demand, the excess heat is stored in the connected heat storage regulation pool and heat storage device; during the period when the heat load supply of the source-side thermal power plant, pressure isolation station, thermal power station and heat users is less than the demand, the distributed energy storage regulation unit is used to release heat; and during the period when the electric load supply of the source-side thermal power plant is less than the demand, the energy storage regulation unit of the source-side thermal power plant is used to release electricity;

[0030] During the severe cold and extreme cold stages of heating, the heat load demand values ​​of thermal power plants, pressure isolation stations, thermal power stations and heat users on the source side are at their peak under normal and stable operating conditions; during the period of imbalance between supply and demand of heat load or electric load, the distributed energy storage regulation unit is used to release heat and electricity to make up for the missing heat load and electric load, or to use the released heat to reduce the supply of heat load on the source side and increase the supply of electric load on the source side;

[0031] At the beginning of the last cold stage of heating, the heat load demand values ​​of the source-side thermal power plant, pressure isolation station, heating station and heat users are again in the low or middle range under normal and stable operating conditions; the distributed energy storage regulation unit is used to store heat again, and before the end of the last cold stage of heating, the heat load output of the source-side thermal power plant is reduced, and the distributed energy storage regulation unit is used to release heat until the end of heating.

[0032] Furthermore, the objective function of maximizing the consumption of new energy is expressed as:

[0033]

[0034] P rw,j,t E is the amount of renewable energy connected to the grid at time t in the jth stage; s,j,t P is the amount of new energy electricity stored or utilized by the energy storage regulation unit of the source-side thermal power plant at time t in the jth stage; e,j,tis the amount of new energy electricity supplied by the new energy generator set at time t in the jth stage; T is the dispatching period; M is the number of energy supply stages, including the non-heating stage, the early cold stage of heating, the severe cold stage of heating, the extremely cold stage of heating and the late cold stage of heating;

[0035] The objective function is to optimize the load supply and demand balance, which is expressed as:

[0036]

[0037] P jzd,j,t is the electric load output of the thermal power plant unit on the source side at time t in the jth stage; E fd,j,t is the amount of electricity released by the energy storage regulation unit of the thermal power plant on the source side at time t in the jth stage; P ydx,j,t is the electric load demand value of the thermal power plant at the source side at time t in the jth stage; P jzr,j,t is the heat load output of the thermal power plant unit on the source side at time t in the jth stage; E fr,j,t P is the heat released by the energy storage regulation unit of the thermal power plant on the source side at the jth stage at time t; yrx,j,t is the heat load demand value of the thermal power plant at the source side at time t in the jth stage;

[0038] The objective function is to take the optimal economic benefit as the objective function, which is expressed as:

[0039]

[0040] R d,j,t is the electricity trading income of the thermal power plant at the source side at time t in the jth stage; R r,j,t is the heat sales revenue of the thermal power plant at the source side at time t in the jth stage; R fp,j,t is the peak-shaving and frequency-regulating compensation income of the thermal power plant at the source side at time t in the jth stage; C cf,j,t C is the penalty cost of the thermal power plant abandoning renewable energy at the source side in the jth stage at time t; s,j,t C is the energy storage and release cost of the energy storage regulation unit in the thermal power plant on the source side at time t in the jth stage; buy,j,t It is the power purchase cost of the thermal power plant on the source side at time t in the jth stage to meet the winning bid of power trading.

[0041] Furthermore, the objective function is to minimize the standard deviation of the load curve, which is expressed as:

[0042]

[0043] K is the total number of pressure isolation stations, thermal power stations and heat users; Q h,j,k,t is the relevant heat load demand value of the pressure isolation station, thermal power station and heat user at time t in the jth stage; Q s,j,k,t is the heat load output value of the heat storage regulating water tank and heat storage device related to the jth stage at time t. It is negative when storing heat and positive when releasing heat.av,j,k,t The average heat load of the heat storage regulating water tank or heat storage device after heat storage or heat release at time t in the jth stage;

[0044] The objective function is to optimize the heat load supply and demand balance, which is expressed as:

[0045]

[0046] P wr,j,k,t The basic heat load provided by the corresponding heating network at the jth stage at time t; E fr,j,k,t P is the heat released by the relevant heat storage regulating pool and heat storage device at time t in the jth stage; wrx,j,k,t is the heat load demand value of the corresponding heating network at time t in the jth stage;

[0047] The objective function is to minimize the heat loss load rate, which is expressed as:

[0048]

[0049] P loss,j,t is the missing heat load at time t in the jth stage; P d,j,t The heat released by the heat storage regulating pool and heat storage device at time t in the jth stage;

[0050] The objective function is to delay the investment period of thermal power plants to the maximum, which is expressed as:

[0051]

[0052] λ j,t is the growth rate of heat load at time t in the jth stage; τ j,t It is the peak reduction rate of the heat storage regulating pool and heat storage device at time t in the jth stage.

[0053] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0054] (1) The present invention establishes a long-distance heating system with a distributed energy storage regulating unit: a heat storage regulating water pool is added at the urban edge of the long-distance heating network pressure isolation station, and an energy storage regulating unit is added in the thermal power plant on the source side of the long-distance heating network, and a heat storage device is added at the urban primary network heating station and the secondary network heat user side; the heat load on the source side of the long-distance heating system, the long-distance heating network side and the urban heating network side can be flexibly regulated by adding a distributed energy storage regulating unit;

[0055] (2) The present invention sets an application mode of a distributed energy storage regulating unit in a long-distance heat supply system: the energy storage regulating unit in the source-side thermal power plant is used to absorb new energy, cooperate with the power grid to perform peak and frequency regulation, improve the load regulation range and response rate of the thermal power plant units on the source side, and conduct electricity market transactions; the heat storage regulating water tank and thermal power station on the pressure isolation station side and the heat storage device on the heat user side are used to perform peak shaving and valley filling of the primary and secondary networks, emergency operation of standby heating, improve heating reliability, and reduce equipment investment in thermal power plants; the application mode of each device in the distributed energy storage regulating unit can be determined, and their respective flexible regulation performance can be effectively exerted. Through their respective coordinated and coordinated scheduling, the full-network and full-chain application of the distributed energy storage regulating unit from the source side to the end user side can be realized;

[0056] (3) The present invention establishes a heat load demand prediction model for heat users in the secondary network, calculates and obtains the heat load demand prediction values ​​of heat users, heat power stations, pressure isolation stations and source-side thermal power plants at different time scales, and sets the energy storage and release mechanism of the distributed energy storage regulation unit in combination with the heat load demand prediction value of the long-distance heating system, the electric load dispatching control instructions issued by the power grid, the output of the thermal power plant units on the source side and the external dynamic change conditions; it can clarify the heat load demand of each node on the source side, the long-distance heating network side and the urban heating network side of the long-distance heating system, and set the energy storage and release mechanism of the distributed energy storage regulation unit based on the energy supply and demand relationship and the load changes caused by the external dynamic change conditions, so as to facilitate the clarification of the subsequent distributed energy storage regulation unit in different time periods.

[0057] (4) The present invention is based on the energy storage and discharge mechanism and real-time storage capacity of the distributed energy storage regulating unit, with the maximum absorption of new energy, optimal load supply and demand balance and optimal economic benefit as the objective function, to establish an optimal operation model of the energy storage regulating unit in the source-side thermal power plant, and decide the energy storage and discharge state and storage and discharge capacity of the energy storage regulating unit at different time scales; and with the minimum standard deviation of the load curve, the optimal heat load supply and demand balance, the lowest heat loss load rate and the maximum delay in the investment period of the thermal power plant as the objective function, to establish an optimal operation model of the heat storage regulating water tank on the pressure isolation station side and the heat storage device on the thermal power station and the heat user side, and decide the heat storage regulating water tank and the heat storage device at different time scales. The energy storage and release status and the amount of stored and released heat under the control of the energy storage and release state; the optimized operation model of the energy storage regulation unit in the thermal power plant on the source side is used as the upper-level energy management model, and the optimized operation model of the heat storage regulation pool and the thermal power station on the pressure isolation station side and the heat storage device on the heat user side are used as the lower-level energy management model; the upper-level energy management model and the lower-level energy management model are firstly based on their own optimized operation, and secondly, they can change each other's optimized operation strategy by changing their own optimized operation strategy, and realize the optimized operation and load supply and demand balance of the long-distance transmission heating system from the thermal power plant on the source side to the pressure isolation station, thermal power station and heat users through the iterative interaction of the upper-level energy management model and the lower-level energy management model.

[0058] Other features and advantages will be described in the following description, and partly become apparent from the description, or understood by practicing the invention. The purpose and other advantages of the invention are realized and obtained by the structures particularly pointed out in the description and the drawings.

[0059] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, preferred embodiments are given below and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0060] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0061] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a double-layer energy management method for a long-distance heating system containing a distributed energy storage regulating unit according to the present invention;

[0062] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the long-distance heating system containing a distributed energy storage regulating unit of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0063] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0064] Example 1

[0065] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment 1 provides a double-layer energy management method for a long-distance heating system including a distributed energy storage regulating unit, including:

[0066] Establish a long-distance heating system with distributed energy storage and regulation units: add a heat storage and regulation water tank at the edge of the city at the long-distance heating network pressure isolation station, add an energy storage and regulation unit in the thermal power plant on the source side of the long-distance heating network, and add a heat storage device at the urban primary network heating station and the secondary network heating user side;

[0067] Set up the use mode of distributed energy storage regulation unit in the long-distance transmission heating system: use the energy storage regulation unit in the thermal power plant on the source side to absorb new energy, cooperate with the power grid to carry out peak and frequency regulation, improve the load regulation range and response rate of the thermal power plant units on the source side, and conduct electricity market transactions; use the heat storage regulation pool and thermal power station on the pressure isolation station side and the heat storage device on the heat user side to carry out peak shaving and valley filling of the primary and secondary networks, emergency operation of standby heating, improve heating reliability, and reduce equipment investment in thermal power plants;

[0068] Establish a heat load demand prediction model for heat users in the secondary network, calculate and obtain the heat load demand prediction values ​​of heat users, thermal power stations, pressure isolation stations and source-side thermal power plants at different time scales, and set the storage and release mechanism of the distributed energy storage regulation unit in combination with the heat load demand prediction value of the long-distance heating system, the electric load dispatching control instructions issued by the power grid, the output of the source-side thermal power plant units and external dynamic change conditions;

[0069] According to the energy storage and discharge mechanism and real-time storage capacity of the distributed energy storage regulating unit, with the maximum absorption of new energy, optimal load supply and demand balance and optimal economic benefits as the objective function, an optimal operation model of the energy storage regulating unit in the source-side thermal power plant is established to determine the energy storage and discharge state and the energy storage and discharge capacity of the energy storage regulating unit at different time scales; and with the minimum standard deviation of the load curve, the optimal heat load supply and demand balance, the lowest heat loss load rate and the longest delay in the investment period of the thermal power plant as the objective function, an optimal operation model of the heat storage regulating water tank on the pressure isolation station side and the heat storage device on the thermal power station and heat user side is established to determine the energy storage and discharge state and the heat storage and discharge amount of the heat storage regulating water tank and the heat storage device at different time scales;

[0070] Among them, the economic benefits include the penalty costs for abandoning new energy, the energy storage and release costs of energy storage regulation units, the electricity purchase costs, peak and frequency regulation compensation income, electricity trading income and heat sales income.

[0071] In this embodiment, the number of the heat storage regulating water tank and the heat storage device is at least one; the primary network thermal power station and secondary network heat users for adding the heat storage device are screened based on the historical heating operation effect, user complaint rate, and historical abnormal fault occurrence rate, and the thermal power stations and heat users with poor heating operation effect, high user complaint rate and high abnormal fault occurrence rate are selected as the preferred objects for adding the heat storage device.

[0072] In this embodiment, the energy storage regulation unit in the source-side thermal power plant consumes new energy, cooperates with the power grid to perform peak and frequency regulation, improves the load regulation range and response rate of the source-side thermal power plant units, and conducts electricity market transactions, specifically including:

[0073] The source-side thermal power plant is connected to a new energy generator set; the energy storage regulating unit in the source-side thermal power plant is used to store and consume excess new energy electricity, thereby reducing the penalty cost of abandoning new energy, and the energy storage regulating unit is used to store low-priced electricity and excess heat, and recover waste heat;

[0074] The generating load of the units in the thermal power plant on the source side is related to environmental factors, unit equipment performance, unit operation mode, heat load, and heating parameters. The heat load and electric load of the units in the thermal power plant are strongly coupled, which limits the range of generating load changes of the units in the thermal power plant and the peak and frequency regulation performance of the units.

[0075] By adjusting the heat supply fast-closing valve set in the source-side thermal power plant and using the electricity and heat stored in the energy storage regulation unit, the heat load supply of the unit is reduced, and the heat and electricity distribution ratio of the thermal power plant unit is changed in a short time, thereby improving the peak-shaving and frequency-regulating performance, power generation load regulation range and response rate of the unit on a short time scale;

[0076] When a thermal power plant participates in power market transactions, it uses energy storage regulation units to make up for the missing transaction power, reduce the unit power output or reduce the cost of purchasing the missing power, and conduct power market transactions according to the transaction power agreed in advance by both parties;

[0077] Among them, in addition to using the energy storage regulation unit to cooperate with the power grid to carry out peak and frequency regulation, improve the power generation load regulation range and response rate of the thermal power plant units on the source side, and conduct electricity market transactions, it also includes: using the heat storage regulation pool on the pressure isolation station side, the heat stored in the heat storage device on the thermal power station and the heat user side to reduce the supply of heat load of the thermal power plant units on the source side, cooperate with the power grid to carry out peak and frequency regulation, improve the power generation load regulation range and response rate of the thermal power plant units on the source side, and conduct electricity market transactions.

[0078] In this embodiment, the energy storage regulation unit in the source-side thermal power plant includes an electric storage device and a heat storage device, and the number of energy storage regulation units is multiple; the hierarchical analysis method and the entropy weight method are used to evaluate the peak-shaving and frequency-regulating capabilities, new energy absorption capabilities, load regulation response capabilities, and the ability to assist in participating in electricity market transactions of each energy storage regulation unit in the source-side thermal power plant, and the priority under the corresponding operation mode is obtained according to the evaluation results, and the instructions are distributed and issued between the energy storage regulation units at the same time.

[0079] It should be noted that, according to the evaluation results of the peak-shaving and frequency-regulating capabilities, new energy consumption capabilities, load regulation response capabilities, and the ability to assist in participating in power market transactions of each power storage device and heat storage device in the source-side thermal power plant, the priority of each power storage device and heat storage device under different application models is obtained. For example, according to the evaluation results of the peak-shaving and frequency-regulating capabilities of each power storage device and heat storage device, when the source-side thermal power plant needs to cooperate with the power grid to perform peak-shaving and frequency-regulating, the corresponding equipment is dispatched and operated according to the priority based on the peak-shaving and frequency-regulating evaluation results. In this way, the power storage devices and heat storage devices in the thermal power plant can be dispatched in a reasonable and orderly manner, and the peak-shaving and frequency-regulating of the power grid can be completed by using their energy storage and release mechanisms. In addition, the peak-shaving and frequency-regulating costs of each power storage device and heat storage device and their respective remaining peak-shaving and frequency-regulating capabilities are comprehensively considered to achieve the goal of economic optimization, and the peak-shaving and frequency-regulating instructions are allocated to each power storage device and heat storage device.

[0080] The analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method are used to determine the weight information of each indicator, including:

[0081] 1) Establish an evaluation hierarchy based on the peak and frequency regulation indicators, new energy consumption indicators, load regulation response indicators, and indicators for auxiliary participation in electricity market transactions of each energy storage regulation unit in the source-side thermal power plant;

[0082] 2) Construct a judgment matrix:

[0083]

[0084] a ij is the importance value between factor i and factor j relative to the target value; n×n means the matrix consists of n rows and n columns;

[0085] 3) By calculating the maximum eigenvalue and eigenvector of the judgment matrix, the relative importance coefficient of each layer of factors relative to a factor in the previous layer is determined to perform consistency test;

[0086]

[0087] W i The result obtained by normalizing the product of each row of the judgment matrix is ​​the relative importance coefficient; is the sum of the nth roots of the products of each row in the judgment matrix; is the nth root of the product of the elements in the i-th row of the judgment matrix; is the product of the elements in the i-th row of the judgment matrix;

[0088]

[0089] W=[W1,W2,…,W n ] T ;

[0090] W is the eigenvector of matrix A; CW is the matrix multiplication of the judgment matrix and the relative importance coefficient, that is, the weight after matrix standardization;

[0091] 4) Calculate the subjective weight of the indicator, expressed as:

[0092]

[0093] is the product of the elements in the i-th row of the judgment matrix; is the nth root of the product of the elements in the i-th row of the judgment matrix; is the sum of the nth roots of the products of the elements in each row of the judgment matrix;

[0094] 5) The objective weight of the indicator is calculated using the entropy weight method, expressed as:

[0095]

[0096]

[0097] h j ′ is the anti-entropy of each indicator; x jk is the evaluation ratio of the kth evaluation indicator of the jth evaluation object; r j is the objective weight of the jth evaluation object;

[0098] 6) Calculate the comprehensive weight based on the subjective weight and objective weight of the indicator;

[0099] 7) Calculate the distance between the object to be evaluated and the maximum and minimum values ​​of the standardized matrix, and the evaluation results are expressed as:

[0100]

[0101] is the comprehensive weight of the jth evaluation object; are the maximum and minimum values ​​of the standardized matrix respectively; x ij is the value of the evaluation index of the evaluation object; S j The larger the value, the closer it is to the maximum value, that is, the corresponding ability of the evaluation object is the best.

[0102] In this embodiment, the heat storage regulating water tank and the thermal power station on the pressure isolation station side and the heat storage device on the heat user side are used to perform peak shaving and valley filling of the primary and secondary networks, emergency operation of standby heating, improve heating reliability, and reduce equipment investment in thermal power plants, specifically including:

[0103] The heat network between the long-distance heat supply network pressure isolation station and each heat station is regarded as the primary network, and the heat network between each heat station and the corresponding heat user is regarded as the secondary network;

[0104] Through the heat storage regulating pool on the pressure isolation station side and the heat storage device on the heating station and heat user side, heat is stored during the low heat load period and released during the peak heat load period on the pressure isolation station side, the primary network heating station, and the secondary network heat user side, so as to reduce the peak and valley difference of the heat load;

[0105] When local abnormal failures occur in the primary and secondary networks and extreme outdoor weather occurs, heat storage regulating pools and heat storage devices are used for emergency standby heating; heat storage regulating pools and heat storage devices are used to reduce peak heat load, delay the upgrading of thermal power plant equipment, and reduce the investment cost of thermal power plant equipment; and heat storage regulating pools and heat storage devices are used to shave peaks and fill valleys, and provide emergency standby heating, using their own stored heat to make up for the missing heat load, ensuring the lowest heat loss load rate.

[0106] It should be noted that thermal power plants and heat companies need to reduce the cost of operation, maintenance and upgrading of long-distance heat supply networks and source-side thermal power plants as much as possible while providing users with high-quality electricity and heat. When the load of the source-side thermal power plant and the long-distance heat supply network exceeds the rated capacity, the unit facilities of the source-side thermal power plant need to be upgraded and renovated, additional units need to be added, and the pipeline layout of the long-distance heat supply network also needs to be upgraded. The cost of traditional upgrading and expansion is very high, especially in areas with tight fuel energy and land use. Heat storage regulating pools and heat storage devices are used in long-distance heat supply networks, primary networks and secondary networks. By reducing peak loads, the upgrade and renovation of long-distance heat supply networks and source-side thermal power plants can be reduced, reducing costs. In addition, after adding heat storage regulating pools and heat storage devices, the heat stored in them can be used to provide heat energy for the load that has lost heat supply. By combining with the basic heat sources of the long-distance heat supply network, primary network and secondary network to reduce the load impact of changes in external dynamic conditions, the reliability of heat supply can be further improved.

[0107] In this embodiment, the corresponding regulation priority is set according to the regulation response rate and response amount of the heat storage regulating water tank and the heat storage device: when performing peak shaving and valley filling and emergency standby heating for secondary network heat users, the priority utilization order is the heat storage device on the heat user side, the heat storage device on the thermal power station side, and the heat storage regulating water tank on the pressure isolation station side; when performing peak shaving and valley filling and emergency standby heating for primary network heat users, the priority utilization order is the heat storage device on the thermal power station side, the heat storage regulating water tank on the pressure isolation station side, and the heat storage device on the heat user side.

[0108] It should be noted that the heat storage regulating water pool on the pressure isolation station side, the heat storage devices on the thermal power station and the heat user side are distributed heat storage regulating units on the long-distance heat transmission network side and the urban heating pipeline network side. When performing regulation, priority should be set according to the regulation response rate and response amount; for example, when performing peak shaving and valley filling and emergency standby heating for secondary network heat users, the heat storage device on the heat user side is first used for regulation. If the heat load demand is still not met, the heat storage device on the thermal power station side is used, and finally the heat storage regulating water pool on the pressure isolation station side is used. Peak shaving and valley filling and emergency standby heating are achieved through various heat storage devices and heat storage regulating water pools.

[0109] In this embodiment, the heat load demand prediction model of the secondary network heat users is established to calculate the heat load demand prediction values ​​of the heat users, heat stations, pressure isolation stations and source-side thermal power plants at different time scales, including:

[0110] Taking into account the historical heating operation data of secondary network heat users and analyzing the load influencing factors based on the heat usage characteristics of the heat users themselves, a machine learning algorithm with a high degree of matching with the data is selected to establish a load forecasting model for heat users. The heat load development trend of each heat user in the future is predicted, and the heat loss between each thermal power station and each heat user, the heat loss between the pressure isolation station and each thermal power station, and the heat loss of the long-distance heating pipeline network are taken into account. The heat load demand forecast values ​​of the thermal power station, pressure isolation station and source-side thermal power plant at different time scales are calculated in turn.

[0111] In this embodiment, the energy storage and release mechanism of the distributed energy storage regulating unit is set in combination with the predicted value of the heat load demand of the long-distance heat supply system, the electric load dispatching control instruction issued by the power grid, the output of the source-side thermal power plant unit and the external dynamic change conditions, including:

[0112] In the non-heating stage, electricity is supplied through the units in the thermal power plant on the source side. When the supplied electricity is greater than the demand, the excess electricity is stored in the electricity storage device in the energy storage regulation unit, or in the preset time period before the beginning of the early cold period of heating, part of the excess electricity is converted into heat and stored in the heat storage device in the energy storage regulation unit; and, according to the electric load dispatching control instructions and peak-shaving and frequency regulation instructions issued by the power grid, the electric load output of the units in the thermal power plant on the source side and the electricity released by the electricity storage device are used to execute the instructions;

[0113] In the early cold stage of heating, the heat load demand values ​​of heat users, thermal power stations, pressure isolation stations and source-side thermal power plants are in the low or medium range under normal and stable operating conditions; during the period when the heat load supply of the source-side thermal power plant exceeds the demand, the excess heat is stored in the heat storage device in the heat storage regulation unit or the heat storage regulation pool on the pressure isolation station side; during the period when the heat load supply of the pressure isolation station, thermal power station and heat users exceeds the demand, the excess heat is stored in the connected heat storage regulation pool and heat storage device; during the period when the heat load supply of the source-side thermal power plant, pressure isolation station, thermal power station and heat users is less than the demand, the distributed energy storage regulation unit is used to release heat; and during the period when the electric load supply of the source-side thermal power plant is less than the demand, the energy storage regulation unit of the source-side thermal power plant is used to release electricity;

[0114] During the severe cold and extreme cold stages of heating, the heat load demand values ​​of thermal power plants, pressure isolation stations, thermal power stations and heat users on the source side are at their peak under normal and stable operating conditions; during the period of imbalance between supply and demand of heat load or electric load, the distributed energy storage regulation unit is used to release heat and electricity to make up for the missing heat load and electric load, or to use the released heat to reduce the supply of heat load on the source side and increase the supply of electric load on the source side;

[0115] At the beginning of the last cold stage of heating, the heat load demand values ​​of the source-side thermal power plant, pressure isolation station, heating station and heat users are again in the low or middle range under normal and stable operating conditions; the distributed energy storage regulation unit is used to store heat again, and before the end of the last cold stage of heating, the heat load output of the source-side thermal power plant is reduced, and the distributed energy storage regulation unit is used to release heat until the end of heating.

[0116] In this embodiment, the objective function is to maximize the consumption of new energy, which is expressed as:

[0117]

[0118] P rw,j,t E is the amount of renewable energy connected to the grid at time t in the jth stage; s,j,t P is the amount of new energy electricity stored or utilized by the energy storage regulation unit of the source-side thermal power plant at time t in the jth stage; e,j,t is the amount of new energy electricity supplied by the new energy generator set at time t in the jth stage; T is the dispatching period; M is the number of energy supply stages, including the non-heating stage, the early cold stage of heating, the severe cold stage of heating, the extremely cold stage of heating and the late cold stage of heating;

[0119] The objective function is to optimize the load supply and demand balance, which is expressed as:

[0120]

[0121] P jzd,j,t is the electric load output of the thermal power plant unit on the source side at time t in the jth stage; Efd,j,t is the amount of electricity released by the energy storage regulation unit of the thermal power plant on the source side at time t in the jth stage; P ydx,j,t is the electric load demand value of the thermal power plant at the source side at time t in the jth stage; P jzr,j,t is the heat load output of the thermal power plant unit on the source side at time t in the jth stage; E fr,j,t P is the heat released by the energy storage regulation unit of the thermal power plant on the source side at the jth stage at time t; yrx,j,t is the heat load demand value of the thermal power plant at the source side at time t in the jth stage;

[0122] The objective function is to take the optimal economic benefit as the objective function, which is expressed as:

[0123]

[0124] R d,j,t is the electricity trading income of the thermal power plant at the source side at time t in the jth stage; R r,j,t is the heat sales revenue of the thermal power plant at the source side at time t in the jth stage; R fp,j,t is the peak-shaving and frequency-regulating compensation income of the thermal power plant at the source side at time t in the jth stage; C cf,j,t C is the penalty cost of the thermal power plant abandoning renewable energy at the source side in the jth stage at time t; s,j,t C is the energy storage and release cost of the energy storage regulation unit in the thermal power plant on the source side at time t in the jth stage; buy,j,t It is the power purchase cost of the thermal power plant on the source side at time t in the jth stage to meet the winning bid of power trading.

[0125] In this embodiment, the objective function is to minimize the standard deviation of the load curve, which is expressed as:

[0126]

[0127] K is the total number of pressure isolation stations, thermal power stations and heat users; Q h,j,k,t is the relevant heat load demand value of the pressure isolation station, thermal power station and heat user at time t in the jth stage; Q s,j,k,t is the heat load output value of the heat storage regulating water tank and heat storage device related to the jth stage at time t. It is negative when storing heat and positive when releasing heat. av,j,k,t The average heat load of the heat storage regulating water tank or heat storage device after heat storage or heat release at time t in the jth stage;

[0128] The objective function is to optimize the heat load supply and demand balance, which is expressed as:

[0129]

[0130] P wr,j,k,t The basic heat load provided by the corresponding heating network at the jth stage at time t; E fr,j,k,tP is the heat released by the relevant heat storage regulating pool and heat storage device at time t in the jth stage; wrx,j,k,t is the heat load demand value of the corresponding heating network at time t in the jth stage;

[0131] The objective function is to minimize the heat loss load rate, which is expressed as:

[0132]

[0133] P loss,j,t is the missing heat load at time t in the jth stage; P d,j,t The heat released by the heat storage regulating pool and heat storage device at time t in the jth stage;

[0134] The objective function is to delay the investment period of thermal power plants to the maximum, which is expressed as:

[0135]

[0136] λ j,t is the growth rate of heat load at time t in the jth stage; τ j,t It is the peak reduction rate of the heat storage regulating pool and heat storage device at time t in the jth stage.

[0137] It should be noted that the optimized operation model of the energy storage regulation unit in the thermal power plant on the source side is used as the upper-level energy management model, and the optimized operation model of the heat storage regulation pool and the thermal power station on the pressure isolation station side and the heat storage device on the heat user side is used as the lower-level energy management model; the upper-level energy management model and the lower-level energy management model are firstly based on their own optimized operation, and secondly, they can change each other's optimized operation strategy by changing their own optimized operation strategy, and realize the optimized operation of the long-distance heating system from the thermal power plant on the source side to the pressure isolation station, thermal power station and heat users through the iterative interaction of the upper-level energy management model and the lower-level energy management model.

[0138] The implementation process of the two-layer energy management method for long-distance heating system includes:

[0139] 1) First-layer optimization: mainly focuses on meeting the electricity and heat load demands of the source-side thermal power plant. By adjusting the storage and discharge state and storage and discharge energy of the energy storage regulation unit in the source-side thermal power plant in different time periods and different heating stages, including the use of power storage equipment and heat storage equipment for auxiliary regulation of electricity and heat energy, the maximum absorption of new energy can be achieved, peak and frequency regulation can be coordinated with the power grid, the power generation load regulation range and response rate of the source-side thermal power plant units can be improved, and electricity market transactions can be carried out to determine the optimal solution of the first-layer model. Ultimately, the supply of electricity and heat loads can be met through the combined operation of equipment in the source-side thermal power plant, thereby improving the flexibility and economy of the source-side thermal power plant.

[0140] 2) Second-layer optimization: Focus on the heat demand and external dynamic change conditions on the pressure isolation station side, thermal power station side and heat user side, use the heat storage regulating pool and heat storage device to carry out peak shaving and valley filling on the network side of the long-distance heating system, emergency operation of standby heating, improve heating reliability and reduce equipment investment in thermal power plants, and decide on the optimal solution of the second-layer model;

[0141] 3) Iterative optimization process: When the first-layer optimization operation strategy can meet the electricity and heat load supply of the thermal power plant on the source side, it can be executed according to its own operation strategy; when the second-layer optimization operation strategy can meet the heat load supply of the grid-side pressure isolation station, thermal power station and heat users, it can be executed according to its own operation strategy; when the first-layer optimization operation strategy or the second-layer optimization operation side cannot meet their respective energy supplies, through continuous iteration between the two-layer optimization operation models, until the preset termination conditions are met, the cycle ends, thereby determining the final optimization operation strategy of the distributed energy storage regulation unit; for example, by changing the optimization operation strategy of the heat storage regulating water tank, thermal power station and heat storage device of the pressure isolation station side, thereby affecting the heat load supply and electricity load supply of the thermal power plant units and energy storage regulation units on the source side, the optimized operation of the source side is realized; conversely, by changing the optimization operation strategy of the thermal power plant units and energy storage regulation units on the source side, the heat load supply of the grid-side pressure isolation station, thermal power station and heat users can be affected;

[0142] 4) Execution and feedback: The optimized operation strategy is conveyed to the corresponding distributed energy storage regulation unit for strategy execution, and the operating status of the system after the optimized operation strategy is executed is analyzed to see whether it meets expectations, so as to promote a mutually beneficial and win-win situation between the thermal power plant on the source side of the long-distance heating system and the pressure isolation station, thermal power station, and heat users on the grid side.

[0143] In several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed system and method can also be implemented in other ways. The system embodiments described above are merely schematic. For example, the flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings show the possible architecture, functions and operations of the systems, methods and computer program products according to multiple embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each box in the flowchart or block diagram can represent a module, a program segment or a part of the code, and a part of the module, program segment or code contains one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the box can also occur in a different order from the order marked in the accompanying drawings. For example, two consecutive boxes can actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they can sometimes be executed in the opposite order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each box in the block diagram and / or flowchart, and the combination of boxes in the block diagram and / or flowchart can be implemented with a dedicated hardware-based system that performs a specified function or action, or can be implemented with a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0144] In addition, the functional modules in each embodiment of the present invention can be integrated together to form an independent part, or each module can exist separately, or two or more modules can be integrated to form an independent part. If the function is implemented in the form of a software functional module and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art or the part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods of each embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, RandomAccess Memory), disk or optical disk and other media that can store program codes.

[0145] Based on the above ideal embodiments of the present invention, the relevant staff can make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical concept of the present invention through the above description. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the contents of the specification, and its technical scope must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A double-layer energy management method for a long-distance heating system containing a distributed energy storage regulating unit, characterized in that: include: Establish a long-distance heating system with distributed energy storage and regulation units: add a heat storage and regulation water tank at the edge of the city at the long-distance heating network pressure isolation station, add an energy storage and regulation unit in the thermal power plant on the source side of the long-distance heating network, and add a heat storage device at the urban primary network heating station and the secondary network heating user side; Set up the use mode of distributed energy storage regulation unit in the long-distance transmission heating system: use the energy storage regulation unit in the thermal power plant on the source side to absorb new energy, cooperate with the power grid to carry out peak and frequency regulation, improve the load regulation range and response rate of the thermal power plant units on the source side, and conduct electricity market transactions; use the heat storage regulation pool and thermal power station on the pressure isolation station side and the heat storage device on the heat user side to carry out peak shaving and valley filling of the primary and secondary networks, emergency operation of standby heating, improve heating reliability, and reduce equipment investment in thermal power plants; Establish a heat load demand prediction model for heat users in the secondary network, calculate and obtain the heat load demand prediction values ​​of heat users, thermal power stations, pressure isolation stations and source-side thermal power plants at different time scales, and set the storage and release mechanism of the distributed energy storage regulation unit in combination with the heat load demand prediction value of the long-distance heating system, the electric load dispatching control instructions issued by the power grid, the output of the source-side thermal power plant units and external dynamic change conditions; According to the energy storage and discharge mechanism and real-time storage capacity of the distributed energy storage regulating unit, with the maximum absorption of new energy, optimal load supply and demand balance and optimal economic benefits as the objective function, an optimal operation model of the energy storage regulating unit in the source-side thermal power plant is established to determine the energy storage and discharge state and the energy storage and discharge capacity of the energy storage regulating unit at different time scales; and with the minimum standard deviation of the load curve, the optimal heat load supply and demand balance, the lowest heat loss load rate and the longest delay in the investment period of the thermal power plant as the objective function, an optimal operation model of the heat storage regulating water tank on the pressure isolation station side and the heat storage device on the thermal power station and heat user side is established to determine the energy storage and discharge state and the heat storage and discharge amount of the heat storage regulating water tank and the heat storage device at different time scales; Among them, the economic benefits include the penalty costs for abandoning new energy, the energy storage and release costs of energy storage regulation units, the electricity purchase costs, peak and frequency regulation compensation income, electricity trading income and heat sales income.

2. The double-layer energy management method for a long-distance heating system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The number of the heat storage regulating water tank and the heat storage device is at least one; the first-level network thermal power station and the second-level network heat users for adding the heat storage device are screened according to the historical heating operation effect, the user complaint rate, and the historical abnormal failure rate, and the thermal power stations and heat users with poor heating operation effect, high user complaint rate and high abnormal failure rate are selected as the preferred objects for adding the heat storage device.

3. The double-layer energy management method for a long-distance heating system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The energy storage regulation unit in the source-side thermal power plant is used to absorb new energy, cooperate with the power grid to adjust the peak and frequency, improve the load regulation range and response rate of the thermal power plant units on the source side, and conduct electricity market transactions, specifically including: The source-side thermal power plant is connected to a new energy generator set; the energy storage regulating unit in the source-side thermal power plant is used to store and consume excess new energy electricity, thereby reducing the penalty cost of abandoning new energy, and the energy storage regulating unit is used to store low-priced electricity and excess heat, and recover waste heat; The generating load of the units in the thermal power plant on the source side is related to environmental factors, unit equipment performance, unit operation mode, heat load, and heating parameters. The heat load and electric load of the units in the thermal power plant are strongly coupled, which limits the range of generating load changes of the units in the thermal power plant and the peak and frequency regulation performance of the units. By adjusting the heat supply fast-closing valve set in the source-side thermal power plant and using the electricity and heat stored in the energy storage regulation unit, the heat load supply of the unit is reduced, and the heat and electricity distribution ratio of the thermal power plant unit is changed in a short time, thereby improving the peak-shaving and frequency-regulating performance, power generation load regulation range and response rate of the unit on a short time scale; When a thermal power plant participates in power market transactions, it uses energy storage regulation units to make up for the missing transaction power, reduce the unit power output or reduce the cost of purchasing the missing power, and conduct power market transactions according to the transaction power agreed in advance by both parties; Among them, in addition to using the energy storage regulation unit to cooperate with the power grid to carry out peak and frequency regulation, improve the power generation load regulation range and response rate of the thermal power plant units on the source side, and conduct electricity market transactions, it also includes: using the heat storage regulation pool on the pressure isolation station side, the heat stored in the heat storage device on the thermal power station and the heat user side to reduce the supply of heat load of the thermal power plant units on the source side, cooperate with the power grid to carry out peak and frequency regulation, improve the power generation load regulation range and response rate of the thermal power plant units on the source side, and conduct electricity market transactions.

4. The double-layer energy management method for a long-distance heating system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The energy storage regulation unit in the source-side thermal power plant includes electricity storage equipment and heat storage equipment, and the number of energy storage regulation units is multiple; the hierarchical analysis method and entropy weight method are used to evaluate the peak-shaving and frequency regulation capabilities, new energy consumption capabilities, load regulation response capabilities, and the ability to assist in participating in electricity market transactions of each energy storage regulation unit in the source-side thermal power plant, and the priority under the corresponding operation mode is obtained according to the evaluation results, and instructions are distributed and issued between the energy storage regulation units at the same time.

5. The double-layer energy management method for a long-distance heating system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The method of using the heat storage regulating water tank and the thermal power station on the pressure isolation station side and the heat storage device on the heat user side to perform peak shaving and valley filling of the primary and secondary networks, emergency operation of standby heating, improve heating reliability, and reduce equipment investment in thermal power plants specifically includes: The heat network between the long-distance heat supply network pressure isolation station and each heat station is regarded as the primary network, and the heat network between each heat station and the corresponding heat user is regarded as the secondary network; Through the heat storage regulating pool on the pressure isolation station side and the heat storage device on the heating station and heat user side, heat is stored during the low heat load period and released during the peak heat load period on the pressure isolation station side, the primary network heating station, and the secondary network heat user side, so as to reduce the peak and valley difference of the heat load; When local abnormal failures occur in the primary and secondary networks and extreme outdoor weather occurs, heat storage regulating pools and heat storage devices are used for emergency standby heating; heat storage regulating pools and heat storage devices are used to reduce peak heat load, delay the upgrading of thermal power plant equipment, and reduce the investment cost of thermal power plant equipment; and heat storage regulating pools and heat storage devices are used to shave peaks and fill valleys, and provide emergency standby heating, using their own stored heat to make up for the missing heat load, ensuring the lowest heat loss load rate.

6. The double-layer energy management method for a long-distance heating system according to claim 5 is characterized in that: According to the regulation response rate and response amount of the heat storage regulating water tank and the heat storage device, the corresponding regulation priority is set: when performing peak shaving and valley filling and emergency standby heating for secondary network heat users, the priority utilization order is the heat storage device on the heat user side, the heat storage device on the thermal power station side, and the heat storage regulating water tank on the pressure isolation station side; when performing peak shaving and valley filling and emergency standby heating for primary network heat users, the priority utilization order is the heat storage device on the thermal power station side, the heat storage regulating water tank on the pressure isolation station side, and the heat storage device on the heat user side.

7. The double-layer energy management method for a long-distance heating system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The heat load demand prediction model of the secondary network heat users is established to calculate the heat load demand prediction values ​​of the heat users, heat stations, pressure isolation stations and source-side thermal power plants at different time scales, including: Taking into account the historical heating operation data of secondary network heat users and analyzing the load influencing factors based on the heat usage characteristics of the heat users themselves, a machine learning algorithm with a high degree of matching with the data is selected to establish a load forecasting model for heat users. The heat load development trend of each heat user in the future is predicted, and the heat loss between each thermal power station and each heat user, the heat loss between the pressure isolation station and each thermal power station, and the heat loss of the long-distance heating pipeline network are taken into account. The heat load demand forecast values ​​of the thermal power station, pressure isolation station and source-side thermal power plant at different time scales are calculated in turn.

8. The double-layer energy management method for a long-distance heating system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The energy storage and release mechanism of the distributed energy storage regulating unit is set in combination with the predicted value of the heat load demand of the long-distance transmission heating system, the electric load dispatching control instruction issued by the power grid, the output of the thermal power plant unit on the source side and the external dynamic change conditions, including: In the non-heating stage, electricity is supplied through the units in the thermal power plant on the source side. When the supplied electricity is greater than the demand, the excess electricity is stored in the electricity storage device in the energy storage regulation unit, or in the preset time period before the beginning of the early cold period of heating, part of the excess electricity is converted into heat and stored in the heat storage device in the energy storage regulation unit; and, according to the electric load dispatching control instructions and peak-shaving and frequency regulation instructions issued by the power grid, the electric load output of the units in the thermal power plant on the source side and the electricity released by the electricity storage device are used to execute the instructions; In the early cold stage of heating, the heat load demand values ​​of heat users, thermal power stations, pressure isolation stations and source-side thermal power plants are in the low or medium range under normal and stable operating conditions; during the period when the heat load supply of the source-side thermal power plant exceeds the demand, the excess heat is stored in the heat storage device in the heat storage regulation unit or the heat storage regulation pool on the pressure isolation station side; during the period when the heat load supply of the pressure isolation station, thermal power station and heat users exceeds the demand, the excess heat is stored in the connected heat storage regulation pool and heat storage device; during the period when the heat load supply of the source-side thermal power plant, pressure isolation station, thermal power station and heat users is less than the demand, the distributed energy storage regulation unit is used to release heat; and during the period when the electric load supply of the source-side thermal power plant is less than the demand, the energy storage regulation unit of the source-side thermal power plant is used to release electricity; During the severe cold and extreme cold stages of heating, the heat load demand values ​​of thermal power plants, pressure isolation stations, thermal power stations and heat users on the source side are at their peak under normal and stable operating conditions; during the period of imbalance between supply and demand of heat load or electric load, the distributed energy storage regulation unit is used to release heat and electricity to make up for the missing heat load and electric load, or to use the released heat to reduce the supply of heat load on the source side and increase the supply of electric load on the source side; At the beginning of the last cold stage of heating, the heat load demand values ​​of the source-side thermal power plant, pressure isolation station, heating station and heat users are again in the low or middle range under normal and stable operating conditions; the distributed energy storage regulation unit is used to store heat again, and before the end of the last cold stage of heating, the heat load output of the source-side thermal power plant is reduced, and the distributed energy storage regulation unit is used to release heat until the end of heating.

9. The double-layer energy management method for a long-distance heating system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The objective function is to maximize the consumption of new energy, which is expressed as: P rw,j,t E is the amount of renewable energy connected to the grid at time t in the jth stage; s,j,t P is the amount of new energy electricity stored or utilized by the energy storage regulation unit of the thermal power plant on the source side at time t in the jth stage; e,j,t is the amount of new energy electricity supplied by the new energy generator set at time t in the jth stage; T is the dispatching period; M is the number of energy supply stages, including the non-heating stage, the early cold stage of heating, the severe cold stage of heating, the extremely cold stage of heating and the late cold stage of heating; The objective function is to optimize the load supply and demand balance, which is expressed as: P jzd,j,t is the electric load output of the thermal power plant unit on the source side at time t in the jth stage; E fd,j,t is the amount of electricity released by the energy storage regulation unit of the thermal power plant on the source side at time t in the jth stage; P ydx,j,t is the electric load demand value of the thermal power plant at the source side at time t in the jth stage; P jzr,j,t is the heat load output of the thermal power plant unit on the source side at time t in the jth stage; E fr,j,t P is the heat released by the energy storage regulation unit of the thermal power plant on the source side at the jth stage at time t; yrx,j,t is the heat load demand value of the thermal power plant at the source side at time t in the jth stage; The objective function is to take the optimal economic benefit as the objective function, which is expressed as: R d,j,t is the electricity trading income of the thermal power plant at the source side at time t in the jth stage; R r,j,t is the heat sales revenue of the thermal power plant at the source side at time t in the jth stage; R fp,j,t is the peak-shaving and frequency-regulating compensation income of the thermal power plant at the source side at time t in the jth stage; C cf,j,t C is the penalty cost of the thermal power plant abandoning renewable energy at the source side in the jth stage at time t; s,j,t C is the energy storage and release cost of the energy storage regulation unit in the thermal power plant on the source side at time t in the jth stage; buy,j,t It is the power purchase cost of the thermal power plant on the source side at time t in the jth stage to meet the winning bid of power trading.

10. The double-layer energy management method for a long-distance heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The objective function is to minimize the standard deviation of the load curve, which can be expressed as: K is the total number of pressure isolation stations, thermal power stations and heat users; Q h,j,k,t is the relevant heat load demand value of the pressure isolation station, thermal power station and heat user at time t in the jth stage; Q s,j,k,t is the heat load output value of the heat storage regulating water tank and heat storage device related to the jth stage at time t. It is negative when storing heat and positive when releasing heat. av,j,k,t The average heat load of the heat storage regulating water tank or heat storage device after heat storage or heat release at time t in the jth stage; The objective function is to optimize the heat load supply and demand balance, which is expressed as: P wr,j,k,t The basic heat load provided by the corresponding heating network at the jth stage at time t; E fr,j,k,t P is the heat released by the relevant heat storage regulating pool and heat storage device at time t in the jth stage; wrx,j,k,t is the heat load demand value of the corresponding heating network at time t in the jth stage; The objective function is to minimize the heat loss load rate, which is expressed as: P loss,j,t is the missing heat load at the jth stage at time t; P d,j,t The heat released by the heat storage regulating pool and heat storage device at time t in the jth stage; The objective function is to delay the investment period of thermal power plants to the maximum, which is expressed as: λ j,t is the growth rate of heat load at time t in the jth stage; τ j,t It is the peak reduction rate of the heat storage regulating pool and heat storage device at time t in the jth stage.

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