Fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control method, equipment and medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control method, equipment and a medium, belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and is used for solving the problems of complex pipeline, large temperature difference between air and hydrogen, high internal friction, high cost and the like of an existing thermal management system and the technical problem of low operation efficiency caused by no high-precision regulation based on environmental change. The method comprises the following steps: performing intercooler-based flow direction control on cooling liquid in a gas-water separator and stack cooling liquid through a self-adaptive fuzzy PID (Proportion Integration Differentiation) controller to obtain a first cooling liquid flow direction control strategy; performing flow direction control on the cooling liquid in the gas-water separator and the stack cooling liquid based on the thermal management system to obtain a second cooling liquid flow direction control strategy; and according to a temperature feedback regulation control algorithm and based on a three-way valve, valve opening shunting control of the cooling liquid is carried out between the cooling liquid in the gas-water separator and the stack cooling liquid, and a third cooling liquid flow direction control strategy is obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and in particular to a fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control method, device and medium. Background Art

[0002] During the operation of the fuel cell, hydrogen and oxygen undergo electrochemical reactions on the electrodes to produce electricity and water. Since water is mainly produced on the air side, effective gas-water separation is essential to maintain the performance of the fuel cell stack. The circulating gas discharged from the anode of the fuel cell stack contains unconsumed hydrogen, nitrogen and some liquid water droplets. If liquid water enters the fuel cell stack, it may cause flooding, which will seriously affect the permeability and reactivity of the internal structure of the fuel cell stack, thereby reducing the efficiency of the fuel cell.

[0003] Liquid water and unreacted gas separated by the gas-water separator can prevent liquid water from entering the fuel cell stack and avoid flooding, which helps maintain the permeability and reactivity of the internal structure of the fuel cell stack, thereby improving the efficiency of the fuel cell. The existing tail gas recycling device mainly includes components such as a gas-water separator and a drying tower, which can effectively recycle the residual fuel and heat in the fuel cell tail gas.

[0004] In proton exchange membrane fuel cells, a large amount of water is required to keep the membrane in a hydrated state, especially in high-power applications or long-term operation. It is mentioned in related cases that when the condenser outlet temperature is higher than the theoretical temperature, the recovered water is not enough for air humidification. The design of an integrated device that uses the coolant separated by the fuel cell gas-water separator to cool the air in the intercooler and the thermal management system to take away the heat from the stack involves many aspects such as the efficient operation of the fuel cell and the performance optimization of the gas-water separator. These factors have jointly promoted the development and application of related technologies.

[0005] Traditional PID control methods have limitations in improving performance and rely heavily on the accuracy of real-time information feedback from the fuel cell thermal management system. Due to the complex piping structure of the high-power fuel cell thermal management system and the high viscosity of the coolant, there is a significant hysteresis between the system feedback output and the actuator operation in the closed-loop control, resulting in a large error between the real-time feedback value and the true feedback value, causing significant overshoot and fluctuations, and the system dynamic response speed is also difficult to guarantee. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present application provides a fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control method, device and medium for solving the following technical problems: (1) In the coolant circulation loop, when coolant is lost, it is necessary to quickly replenish the lost coolant. In the current mainstream technical solutions for fuel cell gas-water separators, the liquid water separated by the gas-water separator is mainly processed and utilized by returning to the anode for circulation, discharging from the cathode tail, recycling hydrogen, discharging from the drain outlet, and discharging through automatic liquid level control. However, the existing system may not be able to detect the coolant level in a timely and accurate manner, resulting in low efficiency in replenishing the coolant.

[0007] (2) In a fuel cell system, the stack generates a lot of heat during the power generation process, which needs to be removed by cooling fluid to control the temperature of the stack. Existing thermal management systems have problems such as complex piping, large temperature difference between air and hydrogen, high internal friction and high cost, and lack high-precision regulation based on environmental changes, resulting in low operating efficiency.

[0008] (3) There is a strong correlation between the circulating water pump and the radiator control objects, so the two will be coupled with each other, resulting in large temperature fluctuations in the fuel cell stack, and even short-term high temperature and long adjustment time, which is not conducive to the normal working performance of the fuel cell stack and will also shorten the life of the fuel cell.

[0009] The present application embodiment adopts the following technical solutions: On the one hand, an embodiment of the present application provides a fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control method, including: using an adaptive fuzzy PID controller, controlling the flow direction of the coolant in the gas-water separator and the stack coolant based on an intercooler, to obtain a first coolant flow direction control strategy; based on the input deviation between the optimal operating temperature of the stack and the current operating temperature, controlling the flow direction of the coolant in the gas-water separator and the stack coolant based on a thermal management system, to obtain a second coolant flow direction control strategy; according to a temperature feedback regulation control algorithm and based on a three-way valve, controlling the valve opening of the coolant between the gas-water separator and the stack coolant to divert the coolant, to obtain a third coolant flow direction control strategy.

[0010] The embodiment of the present application reduces energy loss and improves the thermal efficiency of the system by optimizing the circulation path of the coolant. The temperature and pressure of the coolant can be kept within a certain range. Through effective gas-water separation and temperature control, the performance of the stack can be protected and damage caused by temperature fluctuations or moisture can be reduced, which is crucial to maintaining the stability of fuel cells and other thermal management system components. By over-precisely controlling the valve opening, an adaptive fuzzy PID control method based on the temperature change of the stack and the coolant flow rate is adopted to achieve precise control of the valve opening, dynamically adjust the coolant flow rate to maintain the temperature stability of the stack, and improve the reliability and adaptability of the system. Through integrated design, the coolant separated by the gas-water separator is used in the parallel circuit of the intercooler and the cooling cycle, which can effectively recover and utilize the heat of the coolant and reduce dependence on external cooling resources. The use of integrated design and high-performance components reduces heat loss and system complexity, improves the energy efficiency ratio of the heat pump system, and reduces energy consumption.

[0011] In a feasible implementation, an adaptive fuzzy PID controller is used to control the flow direction of the coolant in the gas-water separator and the stack coolant based on the intercooler, and a first coolant flow control strategy is obtained, which specifically includes: obtaining the optimal operating temperature and the current operating temperature of the stack through the adaptive fuzzy PID controller, and determining the temperature deviation and the temperature deviation rate between the optimal operating temperature and the current operation as the input of the coolant flow control system; based on the input, collecting the first current temperature of the intercooler and the second current temperature of the thermal management system; wherein the thermal management system includes: a PTC module and a radiator module; if the first current temperature is greater than the second current temperature, the gas temperature in the air path is determined as a priority control strategy through the adaptive fuzzy PID controller; based on the priority control strategy The outlet pipe of the coolant in the gas-water separator is connected to the three-way valve for opening, and the inlet pipe between the thermostat and the three-way valve is opened, and the outlet pipe between the thermostat and the three-way valve is closed; wherein the three-way valve is connected to the coolant outlet pipe of the stack coolant; the stack coolant and the coolant in the gas-water separator are controlled to merge in the three-way valve, and are determined to be merged coolant; the merged coolant is input into the intercooler, and the merged coolant after the temperature is reduced is input into the connecting valve; through the connecting valve, the merged coolant after the temperature is reduced is input into the coolant inlet pipe, and through the coolant inlet pipe, the merged coolant is supplied to the stack; based on the PID control process in which the intercooler participates, the first coolant flow control strategy is generated.

[0012] In a feasible implementation manner, based on the input deviation between the optimal operating temperature of the battery stack and the current operating temperature, the coolant in the gas-water separator and the battery stack coolant are flow-controlled based on the thermal management system to obtain a second coolant flow control strategy, which specifically includes: using the adaptive fuzzy PID controller to control the optimal operating temperature of the battery stack and the current operating temperature under the relevant output performance to obtain the input deviation; based on the input deviation, the first current temperature of the intercooler and the second current temperature of the thermal management system are compared and judged for the temperature difference; if the second current temperature is greater than the first current temperature, the coolant circulation in the thermal management system is determined to be through the adaptive fuzzy PID controller. Priority control strategy; opening control of the outlet pipe between the thermostat and the three-way valve, and closing control of the inlet pipe between the thermostat and the three-way valve; inputting the coolant in the gas-water separator into the thermostat through the three-way valve; controlling the coolant in the gas-water separator to merge with the stack coolant through the thermostat to determine it as the collected coolant; and inputting the collected coolant into the thermal management system; cooling and circulating the collected coolant through the thermal management system and the correspondingly connected cooling pump, and supplying the collected coolant after cooling and circulating control to the stack through the coolant inlet pipe; generating the second coolant flow control strategy based on the PID control process in which the thermal management system participates.

[0013] In a feasible implementation manner, according to the temperature feedback regulation control algorithm and based on the three-way valve, the valve opening of the coolant is shunted between the coolant in the gas-water separator and the stack coolant to obtain a third coolant flow control strategy, which specifically includes: according to the preset temperature feedback regulation control algorithm, the first current temperature of the intercooler and the second current temperature of the thermal management system are subjected to valve opening shunting control under relevant real-time working conditions to obtain the valve opening parameter of the three-way valve; wherein, under the control of the valve opening parameter, the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe between the three-way valve and the thermostat are both in an open state; based on the valve opening parameter, the flow of the coolant in the gas-water separator is shunted to obtain the flow to the thermostat a first coolant flow to the temperature controller and a second coolant flow to the intercooler; based on the valve opening parameter, flow diversion control is performed on the stack coolant to obtain a third coolant flow to the thermal management system and a fourth coolant flow to the three-way valve; the first coolant flow and the third coolant flow are controlled to flow to the thermal management system and output to the connecting valve to obtain a first cooling cycle control; the second coolant flow and the fourth coolant flow are controlled to flow to the intercooler and output to the connecting valve to obtain a second cooling cycle control; based on the temperature feedback regulation control algorithm, the first cooling cycle control and the second cooling cycle control, the third coolant flow control strategy is generated.

[0014] In a feasible implementation, basic input signals are collected from the three-way valve and the thermostat; wherein the basic input signals include at least: battery stack current, flow pressure, coolant flow value and temperature difference parameter; the second current temperature in the thermal management system and the first current temperature in the intercooler are collected; based on the second current temperature and the first current temperature, the real-time temperature deviation and the real-time temperature deviation rate of the coolant flow control system are determined; the PID controller and the fuzzy controller are combined for control to obtain the adaptive fuzzy PID controller; and the real-time temperature deviation, the real-time temperature deviation rate and the basic input signal are input into the adaptive fuzzy PID controller; according to the three parameters output by the adaptive fuzzy PID controller, the first coolant flow control strategy, the second coolant flow control strategy and the third coolant flow control strategy in the coolant flow control system are dynamically and statically controlled online to obtain the overall control amount of the coolant at each moment.

[0015] In the second aspect, an embodiment of the present application also provides a fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control device, which includes: a gas-water separator, a thermostat, a three-way valve, an intercooler, a thermal management system and a connecting valve; the gas-water separator is interconnected with the three-way valve; the three-way valve is respectively interconnected with the thermostat and the intercooler; the thermostat is interconnected with the thermal management system; the intercooler and the thermal management system are respectively interconnected with the connecting valve.

[0016] In a feasible implementation manner, the coolant outlet pipe of the stack coolant is interconnected with the thermostat; and the inlet pipe of the stack coolant is interconnected with the connecting valve.

[0017] In a feasible implementation, a pressure sensor and a deionizer are connected in sequence between the gas-water separator and the three-way valve; a second temperature sensor and a cold zone liquid pump are connected in sequence between the thermal management system and the connecting valve; a mass flow meter is connected between the intercooler and the connecting valve; and a first temperature sensor is connected between the intercooler and the cathode outlet.

[0018] In a feasible embodiment, the three-way valve and the thermostat are connected in a dual-channel manner; when the coolant flow direction control system is in a first coolant flow direction control strategy, the inlet pipe of the thermostat connected to the coolant outlet by the three-way valve is controlled to be opened and the corresponding outlet pipe is controlled to be closed; when the coolant flow direction control system is in a second coolant flow direction control strategy, the inlet pipe of the thermostat connected to the coolant outlet by the three-way valve is controlled to be closed and the corresponding outlet pipe is controlled to be opened; when the coolant flow direction control system is in a third coolant flow direction control strategy, the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe of the thermostat connected to the coolant outlet by the three-way valve are controlled to be in an open state, and the valve opening parameter of the three-way valve is controlled according to a preset temperature feedback regulation control algorithm.

[0019] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a non-volatile computer storage medium, characterized in that the storage medium is a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, and the non-volatile computer-readable storage medium stores at least one program, each of which includes instructions, and when the instructions are executed by a terminal, the terminal executes a fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control method described in any of the above embodiments.

[0020] The present application provides a fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control method, device and medium. Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present application have the following beneficial technical effects: The embodiment of the present application reduces energy loss and improves the thermal efficiency of the system by optimizing the circulation path of the coolant. The temperature and pressure of the coolant can be kept within a certain range. Through effective gas-water separation and temperature control, the performance of the stack can be protected and damage caused by temperature fluctuations or moisture can be reduced, which is crucial to maintaining the stability of fuel cells and other thermal management system components. By over-precisely controlling the valve opening, an adaptive fuzzy PID control method based on the temperature change of the stack and the coolant flow rate is adopted to achieve precise control of the valve opening, dynamically adjust the coolant flow rate to maintain the temperature stability of the stack, and improve the reliability and adaptability of the system. Through integrated design, the coolant separated by the gas-water separator is used in the parallel circuit of the intercooler and the cooling cycle, which can effectively recover and utilize the heat of the coolant and reduce dependence on external cooling resources. The use of integrated design and high-performance components reduces heat loss and system complexity, improves the energy efficiency ratio of the heat pump system, and reduces energy consumption. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work. In the drawings: Figure 1 A flow chart of a fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control method provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control device provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 A structural schematic diagram of a first control flow direction in a fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control device provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 A structural schematic diagram of a second control flow direction in a fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control device provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a third control flow direction in a fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control device provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 A PID control flow chart of a coolant flow control system provided in an embodiment of the present application; Among them, Figure 2 , 3As shown in , 4 and 5, the equipment includes: an air-water separator 1, a pressure sensor 2, a deionizer 3, a thermostat 4, a three-way valve 5, a first temperature sensor 6, a radiator 7, a PTC heater 8, an intercooler 9, a second temperature sensor 10, a mass flow meter 11, a coolant pump 12 and a connecting valve (three-way valve) 13. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this specification, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0023] It should be noted that fuel cells generate heat during operation. If this heat cannot be discharged in time, the temperature of the stack will gradually increase. Appropriate temperature can increase the activity of the catalyst and the speed of proton transfer on the proton exchange membrane, thereby increasing the electrochemical reaction rate and reaction current, and improving the performance of the stack. However, excessive temperature will cause the proton exchange membrane to dehydrate and reduce the conductivity, affecting the performance and even damaging the membrane material. Therefore, maintaining the optimal operating temperature range (usually 70-80°C) for normal electrochemical reactions inside the stack is crucial to maintaining the efficiency of the fuel cell and extending its service life. The circulating cooling medium takes away the heat, which is the main heat dissipation path for fuel cells. Therefore, it is crucial to reasonably control the circulation direction of the coolant in the gas-water separator through the setting of the integrated device, and combine the temperature control of the radiator and the intercooler to achieve precise control of the temperature of the stack.

[0024] like Figure 2As shown, the anode outlet end of the gas-water separator 1 is connected to the hydrogen outlet pipe, and the anode inlet end is connected to the hydrogen inlet pipe, which can be connected to a hydrogen circulation pump for reuse. The fuel cell gas-water separator 1 mainly separates liquid water and unreacted gas. The separated liquid water can be transmitted to the intercooler 9 after deionization to reduce the gas temperature in the air path pipeline. One end of the three-way valve 5 is connected to the water cavity of the gas-water separator 1, and the other end is connected to the coolant inlet pipe of the intercooler 9. A mass flowmeter 11 is provided at the coolant outlet pipe of the intercooler 9 to monitor the flow of the coolant in real time, optimize the performance of the cooling system, and ensure operation within a suitable temperature range. The coolant outlet pipe of the intercooler 9 is connected to the connecting valve 13, and is integrated with the coolant outlet pipe of the coolant circulation system and connected to the coolant outlet of the stack. In addition, the deionized liquid water of the gas-water separator 1 participates in the coolant circulation, and the valve serves as the thermostat 4. One end of the three-way drain valve 5 is connected to the inlet pipe of the thermostat 4, and after being integrated with the coolant inlet of the battery stack, it enters the pipeline loop in parallel with the radiator 8 and the PTC heater 7 to further adjust the temperature of the battery stack. In addition, the outlet pipe of the thermostat 4 is connected to the inlet pipe of the three-way drain valve 5, and after being integrated with the coolant outlet pipe of the water chamber of the gas-water separator 1, it is connected to the coolant inlet pipe of the intercooler 9, and serves as the coolant for cooling the air of the intercooler 9. For the opening control of the three-way drain valve 5 and the thermostat 4, an adaptive fuzzy PID controller is used, and the deviation e and ec between the operating temperature corresponding to the most output performance point and the current temperature are selected as the system input. After fuzzification, fuzzy reasoning and defuzzification of the fuzzy controller, combined with PID control, the coolant flow rate controlled by the valve opening is obtained, and the coolant flow rate at the current moment is added to the coolant flow rate at the previous moment, and then acts on the controlled system to achieve the optimal performance output of the battery stack.

[0025] The present application embodiment provides a fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control method, such as Figure 1 As shown, the fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control method specifically includes steps S101-S103: S101. Using an adaptive fuzzy PID controller, control the flow direction of the coolant in the gas-water separator and the stack coolant based on the intercooler to obtain a first coolant flow direction control strategy.

[0026] Specifically, the optimal operating temperature and the current operating temperature of the fuel cell stack are obtained through an adaptive fuzzy PID controller, and the temperature deviation and the temperature deviation rate between the optimal operating temperature and the current operating temperature are determined as input quantities of the coolant flow control system.

[0027] Furthermore, according to the input quantity, the first current temperature of the intercooler and the second current temperature of the thermal management system are collected. The thermal management system includes: a PTC module and a radiator module; if the first current temperature is greater than the second current temperature, the gas temperature in the air path is determined as a priority control strategy through an adaptive fuzzy PID controller.

[0028] Furthermore, based on the priority control strategy, the outlet pipe of the coolant in the gas-water separator is connected to the three-way valve and opened, the inlet pipe between the thermostat and the three-way valve is opened, and the outlet pipe between the thermostat and the three-way valve is closed. The three-way valve is connected to the coolant outlet pipe of the stack coolant.

[0029] Further, the stack coolant and the coolant in the gas-water separator are controlled to merge in the three-way valve and are determined as merged coolant.

[0030] Further, the combined coolant is input into the intercooler, and the combined coolant after the temperature is reduced is input into the connecting valve.

[0031] Furthermore, the combined coolant after the temperature is reduced is input into the coolant inlet pipe by connecting the valve, and the combined coolant is supplied to the fuel cell stack through the coolant inlet pipe.

[0032] Furthermore, based on the PID control process in which the intercooler participates, a first coolant flow direction control strategy is generated.

[0033] In one embodiment, Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the first control flow in a fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control device provided in an embodiment of the present application, such as Figure 3 As shown in the figure, an adaptive fuzzy PID controller is used to select the deviation e and e corresponding to the operating temperature with the best output performance point and the current temperature. c As the system input, when the temperature difference detected by the first temperature sensor 6 is much larger than the temperature difference in the thermal management system (including the PCT heater 7 and the radiator 8), the coolant in the gas-water separator 1 gives priority to lowering the gas temperature in the air path, and adjusts the valve opening according to the specific temperature difference. The outlet pipe of the liquid water chamber of the gas-water separator 1 is connected to the three-way valve 5, and the three-way valve 5 is connected to the inlet pipe of the coolant outlet thermostat 4 to open, and the outlet pipe is closed, and flows to the coolant inlet pipe of the intercooler after merging with the three-way valve 5. The temperature of the gas is lowered in the intercooler 9, and then the coolant inlet pipe connected to the valve 13 enters the fuel cell stack through the coolant inlet. At this time, by using the coolant separated by the gas-water separator 1 for the intercooler 9, the heat of the coolant can be effectively recovered and utilized, and the dependence on external cooling resources can be reduced. By reducing the number of connecting pipes and valves, the potential leakage points in the system can be reduced.

[0034] S102. Based on the input deviation between the optimal operating temperature of the fuel cell stack and the current operating temperature, the coolant in the gas-water separator and the fuel cell stack coolant are flow-controlled based on the thermal management system to obtain a second coolant flow control strategy.

[0035] Specifically, the optimal operating temperature of the fuel cell stack and the current operating temperature are controlled with respect to deviations in output performance by means of an adaptive fuzzy PID controller to obtain an input deviation.

[0036] Furthermore, based on the input deviation, the first current temperature of the intercooler and the second current temperature of the thermal management system are compared and judged. If the second current temperature is greater than the first current temperature, the coolant circulation in the thermal management system is determined as a priority control strategy through the adaptive fuzzy PID controller.

[0037] Furthermore, the outlet pipe between the thermostat and the three-way valve is controlled to be opened, and the inlet pipe between the thermostat and the three-way valve is controlled to be closed.

[0038] Furthermore, the coolant in the gas-water separator is input into the thermostat through the three-way valve.

[0039] Furthermore, the coolant in the gas-water separator is controlled to merge with the stack coolant through a thermostat to determine the collected coolant, and the collected coolant is input into the thermal management system.

[0040] Furthermore, the collected coolant is subjected to cooling cycle control through the thermal management system and the correspondingly connected cooling pump, and the collected coolant after cooling cycle control is supplied to the fuel cell stack through the coolant inlet pipe.

[0041] Furthermore, based on the PID control process in which the thermal management system participates, a second coolant flow direction control strategy is generated.

[0042] In one embodiment, Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second control flow in a fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control device provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 As shown in the figure, by recycling the heat in the coolant separated by the gas-water separator 1, energy waste can be reduced. The separated coolant is re-entered into the thermal management system, which can more accurately control the temperature of the battery stack and maintain it within the optimal operating temperature range, thereby improving the performance and life of the battery stack. Adopting an adaptive fuzzy PID controller, the deviation e and e corresponding to the operating temperature of the most output performance point and the current temperature are selected. cAs the system input. When the temperature difference detected by the second temperature sensor 10 is much greater than the air path temperature difference, the coolant in the gas-water separator 1 is given priority to participate in the coolant circulation in the thermal management system, the outlet pipe of the three-way valve 5 connected to the thermostat 4 is opened, the inlet pipe of the three-way valve 5 is closed, and the liquid water cavity of the gas-water separator 1 is connected to the inlet pipe of the three-way valve 5. After the inlet pipes of the thermostat 4 are merged, the coolant participates in the coolant circulation, takes away the excess heat through the thermostat 4, and then enters the fuel cell stack through the coolant outlet.

[0043] S103, according to the temperature feedback regulation control algorithm, and based on the three-way valve, the valve opening of the coolant is controlled to be diverted between the coolant in the gas-water separator and the stack coolant, to obtain a third coolant flow control strategy.

[0044] Specifically, according to the preset temperature feedback regulation control algorithm, the first current temperature of the intercooler and the second current temperature of the thermal management system are subjected to valve opening shunt control under relevant real-time working conditions to obtain the valve opening parameter of the three-way valve. Under the control of the valve opening parameter, the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe between the three-way valve and the thermostat are both in an open state.

[0045] Furthermore, based on the valve opening parameter, the flow of the coolant in the air-water separator is divided and controlled to obtain a first coolant flow to the thermostat and a second coolant flow to the intercooler.

[0046] Furthermore, based on the valve opening parameter, flow diversion control is performed on the stack coolant to obtain a third coolant flow flowing to the thermal management system and a fourth coolant flow flowing to the three-way valve.

[0047] Furthermore, the first coolant flow rate and the third coolant flow rate are controlled to flow to the thermal management system and output to the connecting valve to obtain the first cooling cycle control.

[0048] Furthermore, the second coolant flow rate and the fourth coolant flow rate are controlled to flow to the intercooler and output to the connecting valve to obtain the second cooling cycle control.

[0049] Furthermore, based on the temperature feedback regulation control algorithm, the first cooling cycle control and the second cooling cycle control, a third coolant flow direction control strategy is generated.

[0050] In one embodiment, Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of the third control flow in a fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control device provided in an embodiment of the present application, such as Figure 5As shown, an integrated coolant circuit design is adopted to merge the gas-water separator 1 and the stack coolant inlet to form a unified coolant circulation system. This design can reduce the complexity of the system. A temperature sensor is set in the system to monitor the coolant temperature of the stack and the intercooler 9 in real time. A three-way valve 5 is introduced to adjust the coolant flow into the stack and the intercooler. By controlling the opening of the valve, the flow direction and flow of the coolant can be flexibly adjusted according to different working conditions to meet the heat dissipation requirements of the stack and the intercooler 9. Combined with the control algorithm, the flow and direction of the coolant are adjusted according to temperature feedback to keep the system within the optimal operating temperature range. The liquid water cavity of the gas-water separator 1 is connected to the inlet pipe of the three-way valve 5. At the same time, the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe connected to the three-way valve 5 and the thermostat 4 are opened at the same time. The control algorithm is adjusted according to temperature feedback. The valve opening is controlled, and the flow of the gas-water separator to the coolant circulation system and the intercooler system is controlled based on the valve opening parameters.

[0051] As a feasible implementation method, Figure 2 As shown. The basic input signals in the three-way valve 5 and the thermostat 4 can be collected by using a pressure sensor 2, a deionizer 3, a mass flow meter 11, a first temperature sensor 6, and a second temperature sensor 10. Among them, the basic input signal includes at least: battery stack current, flow pressure, coolant flow value, and temperature difference parameter. The second current temperature in the thermal management system and the first current temperature in the intercooler are collected. Based on the second current temperature and the first current temperature, the real-time temperature deviation and the real-time temperature deviation rate of the coolant flow control system are determined. The PID controller is combined with the fuzzy controller to obtain an adaptive fuzzy PID controller. And the real-time temperature deviation, the real-time temperature deviation rate, and the basic input signal are all input into the adaptive fuzzy PID controller. According to the three parameters output by the adaptive fuzzy PID controller, the first coolant flow control strategy, the second coolant flow control strategy, and the third coolant flow control strategy in the coolant flow control system are dynamically and statically controlled online to obtain the overall control amount of the coolant at each moment.

[0052] In one embodiment, Figure 6 A PID control flow chart of a coolant flow control system provided in an embodiment of the present application, such as Figure 6 As shown, it is necessary to combine temperature deviation and fuzzy reasoning tuning to calculate the current PID parameter value, update the corresponding PID parameters in real time and input them into the PID controller, so as to output the current control output and complete the overall control of the coolant flow diversion in the coolant flow control system at each moment.

[0053] In one embodiment, a traditional PID controller is combined with a fuzzy controller, and the temperature deviation e and the temperature deviation rate ec are used as input variables to input the fuzzy controller to obtain the setting values ​​△KP, △Ki, and △Kd of the three PID parameters, which are respectively applied to the three PID parameters, and finally the three parameters KP, Ki, and Kd of the PID controller are output. By establishing a two-dimensional fuzzy reasoning logic, the fuzzy control rules are used to realize the online setting of the PID parameters. During the operation, the controller needs to continuously detect the changes of e and ec, and then perform fuzzy reasoning according to the fuzzy rules to adjust the three control parameter values ​​of PID online, so as to meet the different requirements of the control parameters caused by different e and ec, so that the control system has better dynamic and static performance, which specifically includes: Step 1: Fuzzification The basic domain of the deviation e in the control strategy is set to [-1.2, 1.2], and the fuzzy domain can be selected as [-6, 6], which can realize the quantification of the temperature deviation from the basic domain. The basic domain of the temperature deviation ec is set to [-0.06, 0.06]. The basic domain of the PID parameter △KP is set to [-3.3, 3.3], the basic domain of △Ki is set to [-0.08, 0.08], and the basic domain of △Kd is set to [-0.08, 0.08]. The fuzzy domain is also selected as [-6, 6]. The quantization factor and the proportional factor are shown as follows: e =200; k ec =30; k up =50; k ui =1.2; k ud =1.2.

[0054] Step 2: Formulate fuzzy rules When the temperature deviation e is a large positive value, that is, e=PB, it means that the operating temperature of the battery stack is low at this moment, far from the expected optimal output performance point. At this time, the direction in which the controller should act is to quickly heat up the system to achieve the optimal output under the current load current. When the temperature deviation e is a large negative value, that is, e=NB, it means that the operating temperature of the battery stack is high at this moment, far higher than the operating temperature corresponding to the expected optimal power point. At this time, the direction in which the controller should act is to quickly cool down the system to achieve the optimal output under the current load current, and the air circulation rate inside the battery stack should be accelerated as much as possible to take away more heat. At this time, the fuzzy controller outputs △K P Choose a larger value, namely △K P =PB, to ensure that the system can be as stable as possible to the most powerful point, if the temperature deviation rate e c Larger, then a larger △K d Achieve regulation; if the temperature deviation rate e c Smaller, then a smaller △K d Achieve regulation.

[0055] When the temperature deviation e is a small value, that is, e=PS or NS, it means that the stack operating temperature is close to the optimal power point under the current load current. c To adjust the three parameter increments of PID, when the temperature deviation rate e c When the positive / negative value is large, △K P and △K i You can choose a larger value.

[0056] Step 3: Defuzzification Using the formula:

[0057] After fuzzy reasoning, the result is still fuzzy. The weighted average method is used to defuzzify the reasoning result to obtain the precise increment value △K of the three parameters. P , △K i , △K d , and then get the current deviation e and deviation rate e c The three parameters K of the PID controller are P , K i , K d , thereby obtaining the increment of the coolant flow rate controlled by the valve opening △u(k), which is added to the control amount u(k-1) at time k-1 to obtain the control amount u(k) at the current time k.

[0058] In addition, the present application also provides a fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control device, such as Figure 2 As shown, the fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control equipment mainly includes: a gas-water separator 1, a thermostat 4, a three-way valve 5, an intercooler 9, a thermal management system (including a PTC heater 8 and a radiator 7) and a connecting valve 13. The gas-water separator 1 is interconnected with the three-way valve 5. The three-way valve 5 is interconnected with the thermostat 4 and the intercooler 9 respectively. The thermostat 9 is interconnected with the thermal management system. The intercooler 9 and the thermal management system are respectively interconnected with the connecting valve 13.

[0059] Preferably, the coolant outlet pipe of the stack coolant is connected to the thermostat 4 . The inlet pipe of the stack coolant is connected to the connecting valve 13 .

[0060] Preferably, a pressure sensor 2 and a deionizer 3 are sequentially connected between the gas-water separator 1 and the three-way valve 5. A second temperature sensor 10 and a cold zone liquid pump 12 are sequentially connected between the thermal management system and the connecting valve 13. A mass flow meter 11 is connected between the intercooler 9 and the connecting valve 13. A first temperature sensor 6 is connected between the intercooler 9 and the cathode outlet.

[0061] As a feasible implementation method, Figure 2As shown, there is a dual-channel connection between the three-way valve 5 and the thermostat 4. When the coolant flow direction control system is in the first coolant flow direction control strategy, the inlet pipe of the thermostat 4 connected to the coolant outlet of the three-way valve 5 is controlled to be opened and the corresponding control outlet pipe is closed. When the coolant flow direction control system is in the second coolant flow direction control strategy, the inlet pipe of the thermostat 4 connected to the coolant outlet of the three-way valve 5 is controlled to be closed and the corresponding control outlet pipe is opened. When the coolant flow direction control system is in the third coolant flow direction control strategy, the inlet pipe and outlet pipe of the thermostat 4 connected to the coolant outlet of the three-way valve 5 are both in an open state, and the valve opening parameters of the three-way valve 5 and / or the thermostat 4 are controlled according to the preset temperature feedback adjustment control algorithm.

[0062] The present application proposes a fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control method, and combines a fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control device to combine a gas-water separator, an air path intercooler and a coolant circulation system of a stack to achieve efficient recycling of the coolant and stable control of the stack temperature. By optimizing the circulation path of the coolant, energy loss is reduced and the thermal efficiency of the system is improved. In addition, the control device also includes an intelligent control system, namely, an adaptive fuzzy PID control strategy in the fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control method, which can dynamically adjust the flow and temperature of the coolant according to the actual operating state of the stack to maintain the stack within the optimal operating temperature range, thereby extending the service life of the stack and improving the overall performance. An adaptive fuzzy PID control method based on the change of the stack temperature and the change of the coolant flow is used to accurately control the valve opening. By real-time monitoring of the changes in the stack temperature and the coolant flow, the parameters of the PID controller are dynamically adjusted to achieve accurate control of the valve opening. The design and operation of the fuel cell gas-water separator are of great significance for improving the efficiency of the fuel cell, protecting the stack performance, realizing resource recycling, maintaining the temperature stability of the stack, improving the system reliability and improving the system control strategy.

[0063] Each embodiment in this application is described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. In particular, for the device and medium embodiments, since they are basically similar to the method embodiments, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the partial description of the method embodiments.

[0064] The devices and media provided in the embodiments of the present application correspond one-to-one to the methods. Therefore, the devices and media also have similar beneficial technical effects as the corresponding methods. Since the beneficial technical effects of the methods have been described in detail above, the beneficial technical effects of the devices and media will not be repeated here.

[0065] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application may adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Moreover, the present application may adopt the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program codes.

[0066] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each process and / or box in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of the processes and / or boxes in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0067] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture including an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0068] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process in the computer or other programmable device. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0069] In a typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPU), input / output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.

[0070] Memory may include non-permanent storage in a computer-readable medium, in the form of random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM. Memory is an example of a computer-readable medium.

[0071] Computer readable media include permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media that can be implemented by any method or technology to store information. Information can be computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disk (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape disk storage or other magnetic storage devices or any other non-transmission media that can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device. As defined herein, computer readable media does not include temporary computer readable media (transitory media), such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.

[0072] It should also be noted that the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, commodity or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, commodity or device. In the absence of more restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, commodity or device including the elements.

[0073] The above is only an embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various changes and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included within the scope of the specification of the present application.

Claims

1. A fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control method, characterized in that: The method comprises: Through an adaptive fuzzy PID controller, the flow direction of the coolant in the gas-water separator and the stack coolant is controlled based on the intercooler to obtain a first coolant flow direction control strategy; Based on the input deviation between the optimal operating temperature of the stack and the current operating temperature, the coolant in the gas-water separator and the stack coolant are flow-controlled based on a thermal management system to obtain a second coolant flow control strategy; According to the temperature feedback regulation control algorithm and based on the three-way valve, the valve opening of the coolant is controlled to be split between the coolant in the gas-water separator and the stack coolant, so as to obtain a third coolant flow control strategy.

2. A fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Through the adaptive fuzzy PID controller, the flow direction of the coolant in the gas-water separator and the stack coolant is controlled based on the intercooler, and the first coolant flow direction control strategy is obtained, which specifically includes: The optimal operating temperature and the current operating temperature of the stack are obtained by the adaptive fuzzy PID controller, and the temperature deviation and the temperature deviation rate between the optimal operating temperature and the current operating temperature are determined as the input of the coolant flow control system; According to the input quantity, a first current temperature of the intercooler and a second current temperature of the thermal management system are collected; wherein the thermal management system comprises: a PTC module and a radiator module; If the first current temperature is greater than the second current temperature, the gas temperature in the air path is determined as a priority control strategy by the adaptive fuzzy PID controller; Based on the priority control strategy, the outlet pipe of the coolant in the gas-water separator is connected to the three-way valve and opened, the inlet pipe between the thermostat and the three-way valve is opened, and the outlet pipe between the thermostat and the three-way valve is closed; wherein the three-way valve is connected to the coolant outlet pipe of the stack coolant; Controlling the stack coolant and the coolant in the gas-water separator to merge in the three-way valve, and determining them as merged coolant; Inputting the combined coolant into the intercooler, and inputting the combined coolant after the temperature is reduced into the connecting valve; Inputting the combined coolant after the temperature is reduced into the coolant inlet pipe through the connecting valve, and supplying the combined coolant to the fuel cell stack through the coolant inlet pipe; Based on the PID control process in which the intercooler participates, the first coolant flow direction control strategy is generated.

3. A fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the input deviation between the optimal operating temperature of the stack and the current operating temperature, the coolant in the gas-water separator and the stack coolant are flow-controlled based on the thermal management system to obtain a second coolant flow control strategy, which specifically includes: By using the adaptive fuzzy PID controller, the optimal operating temperature and the current operating temperature of the stack are subjected to deviation control under the relevant output performance to obtain the input deviation; Based on the input deviation, comparing and judging the temperature difference between the first current temperature of the intercooler and the second current temperature of the thermal management system; If the second current temperature is greater than the first current temperature, determining the coolant circulation in the thermal management system as a priority control strategy through the adaptive fuzzy PID controller; The outlet pipe between the thermostat and the three-way valve is controlled to be opened, and the inlet pipe between the thermostat and the three-way valve is controlled to be closed; The coolant in the gas-water separator is input into the thermostat through the three-way valve; The coolant in the gas-water separator is controlled to merge with the stack coolant through the thermostat to determine it as the collected coolant; and the collected coolant is input into the thermal management system; The collected coolant is subjected to cooling circulation control by the thermal management system and the correspondingly connected cooling pump, and the collected coolant after cooling circulation control is supplied to the fuel cell stack through the coolant inlet pipe; Based on the PID control process in which the thermal management system participates, the second coolant flow direction control strategy is generated.

4. A fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: According to the temperature feedback regulation control algorithm and based on the three-way valve, the valve opening of the coolant between the coolant in the gas-water separator and the stack coolant is controlled to obtain a third coolant flow control strategy, which specifically includes: According to a preset temperature feedback regulation control algorithm, the first current temperature of the intercooler and the second current temperature of the thermal management system are subjected to valve opening shunt control under relevant real-time working conditions to obtain a valve opening parameter of the three-way valve; wherein, under the control of the valve opening parameter, the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe between the three-way valve and the thermostat are both in an open state; Based on the valve opening parameter, flow splitting control is performed on the coolant in the gas-water separator to obtain a first coolant flow to the thermostat and a second coolant flow to the intercooler; Based on the valve opening parameter, flow diversion control is performed on the stack coolant to obtain a third coolant flow flowing to the thermal management system and a fourth coolant flow flowing to the three-way valve; Controlling the first coolant flow rate and the third coolant flow rate to flow to the thermal management system and output to the connecting valve to obtain a first cooling cycle control; Controlling the second coolant flow and the fourth coolant flow to flow to the intercooler and output to the connecting valve to obtain a second cooling cycle control; The third coolant flow direction control strategy is generated based on the temperature feedback regulation control algorithm, the first cooling cycle control, and the second cooling cycle control.

5. A fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Collecting basic input signals from the three-way valve and the thermostat; wherein the basic input signals include at least: stack current, flow pressure, coolant flow value and temperature difference parameter; collecting a second current temperature in the thermal management system and a first current temperature in the intercooler; determining a real-time temperature deviation and a real-time temperature deviation rate of a coolant flow control system based on the second current temperature and the first current temperature; The PID controller is combined with the fuzzy controller to obtain the adaptive fuzzy PID controller; and the real-time temperature deviation, the real-time temperature deviation rate and the basic input signal are input into the adaptive fuzzy PID controller; According to the three parameters output by the adaptive fuzzy PID controller, the first coolant flow control strategy, the second coolant flow control strategy and the third coolant flow control strategy in the coolant flow control system are dynamically and statically controlled online to obtain the overall coolant control amount at each moment.

6. A fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control device, characterized in that: The fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control equipment includes: a gas-water separator, a thermostat, a three-way valve, an intercooler, a thermal management system and a connecting valve; The gas-water separator is interconnected with the three-way valve; the three-way valve is interconnected with the thermostat and the intercooler respectively; the thermostat is interconnected with the thermal management system; the intercooler and the thermal management system are respectively interconnected with the connecting valve.

7. A fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A coolant outlet pipe of the stack coolant is connected to the thermostat; The inlet pipe of the stack coolant is connected to the connecting valve.

8. A fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A pressure sensor and a deionizer are connected in sequence between the gas-water separator and the three-way valve; A second temperature sensor and a cold zone liquid pump are sequentially connected between the thermal management system and the connecting valve; A mass flow meter is connected between the intercooler and the connecting valve; A first temperature sensor is connected between the intercooler and the cathode outlet.

9. A fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The three-way valve and the thermostat are connected via a dual channel; When the coolant flow direction control system is in the first coolant flow direction control strategy, the inlet pipe of the thermostat connected to the coolant outlet of the three-way valve is controlled to be opened and the corresponding outlet pipe is controlled to be closed; When the coolant flow direction control system is in the second coolant flow direction control strategy, the inlet pipe of the thermostat connected to the coolant outlet of the three-way valve is controlled to be closed and the outlet pipe is correspondingly controlled to be opened; When the coolant flow control system is in the third coolant flow control strategy, the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe of the thermostat that controls the three-way valve to connect the coolant outlet are both in an open state, and the valve opening parameter of the three-way valve is controlled according to a preset temperature feedback adjustment control algorithm.

10. A non-volatile computer storage medium, characterized in that: The storage medium is a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, and the non-volatile computer-readable storage medium stores at least one program, each of which includes instructions, and when the instructions are executed by the terminal, the terminal executes a fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control method according to any one of claims 1-5.

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