Vehicle power supply system
By designing a vehicle power supply system including a voltage converter and a hydrogen supply module, the reliability and stability problems of hydrogen fuel cells in the vehicle power supply system are solved, and high reliability power supply under different temperature and load changes are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202480003454.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-02-01
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-27
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-28
AI Technical Summary
In the prior art, hydrogen fuel cells lack high reliability in vehicle power supply systems, especially when different temperature ranges and loads suddenly change, it is difficult to maintain system reliability and stable output parameters.
A power supply system for vehicles is designed, including a housing, which contains a voltage converter and a hydrogen supply module. The hydrogen supply module is connected to the fuel cell through a nylon tube, equipped with a fan, an air filter and a fuel cell control board, and independent control of the fuel cell and stable output parameters are achieved through buffering power supply and solid-state relay.
Through this design, the reliability and stability of hydrogen fuel cells can be improved under different temperature ranges and load changes, and the efficient operation of the vehicle power supply system can be ensured.
Smart Images
Figure 00000000_0000_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to a device based on a hydrogen fuel cell for accumulating electricity, either for the purpose of driving a vehicle or as an independent energy source. Background Art
[0002] A solid polymer fuel cell is known in the prior art (RF patent number: 160133, published on 03 / 10 / 2016, IPC H01M8 / 10, H01M8 / 24, H01M2 / 18), which consists of a membrane electrode block, an anode, a cathode and a sealing device, wherein the membrane electrode block includes a proton conductive membrane, a catalyst is applied to the surfaces of both sides of the proton conductive membrane; and the membrane is located between the anode gas diffusion layer and the cathode gas diffusion layer: the anode and the cathode located outside the membrane electrode block are made in the form of conductive plates, having gas distribution channels, current terminals and windows for supplying and discharging hydrogen as anode gas and oxygen or air as cathode gas; the sealant is an elastic gasket located outside the anode and the cathode, and is equipped with a fitting for supplying gas to the windows of the conductive plate, and all components of the fuel cell have peripheral holes in their planes, which are sealed by tightening. The fuel cell uses a proton conducting membrane obtained by doping a perfluorosulfonic acid membrane with an inorganic dopant and having an ionic conductivity of at least 10-3 cm / cm when the relative humidity of the supplied gas is 5% or more. The anode and cathode gas diffusion layers are made of porous carbon paper. The conductive gas distribution plate is made of a metal or composite graphite-containing material. The supply of hydrogen as anode gas is carried out from a high-pressure tank or from a metal hydride tank. The supply and removal of oxygen or air as cathode gas is carried out by a controlled fan or via convection. As part of a power supply consisting of independent fuel cells directed mutually from anode to cathode, a sealing device in the form of an elastic gasket and a current terminal from a conductive plate is only provided in the farthest fuel cell in the power supply. Modified silicon oxide and / or heteropolyacid salts synthesized directly in the membrane matrix are used to dope a sulfonic fluoropolymer proton conducting membrane.
[0003] The analog discloses technical features that may improve the efficiency of the fuel cell, but does not disclose technical features for using the fuel cell as part of a vehicle power supply system.
[0004] The patent of the Russian Federation "Fuel Cell Power Supply and Mobile Facility" (RF Patent No. 2359367, published on 06 / 20 / 2009, IPC H01M8 / 04, H01M8 / 00) is known in the prior art. According to the invention, the fuel cell power supply comprises a fuel cell, a fuel supply system for supplying fuel gas to the fuel cell, a nozzle for regulating the upstream and downstream gas supply states of the fuel supply system, and a control device for actuating and controlling the nozzle during a given movement cycle. The control device sets the operating mode of the nozzle according to the operating mode of the fuel cell. This solution means that the reliability of the fuel cell in the vehicle power supply may be improved due to the ability to change the fuel gas supply mode (supply pressure, etc.) according to the operating mode of the fuel cell. However, due to the lack of control of the temperature and electrical parameters of the operation of the fuel cell, this solution does not include technical features that can improve the actual reliability.
[0005] A fuel cell system for automobiles is known in the prior art (patent CN211480197U, published on September 11, 2020, IPC B60L50 / 70); the system includes a fuel cell block consisting of batteries installed in series, each battery including two bipolar plates, two catalyst layers, a proton exchange membrane and two gaskets. The bipolar plates are used as hydrogen distribution and fixing elements. Each fuel cell is equipped with a hydrogen exhaust channel and an air exhaust channel. The catalyst layer is a thin layer consisting of a catalyst and a catalyst carrier, both of which are used to catalyze the electrochemical reactions on the anode and cathode of the power source, respectively. The proton exchange membrane is located between the two catalyst layers and is used to conduct hydrogen ions and release reaction gases. The gasket is located between the catalyst layer and the bipolar plate, and mainly plays the role of a proton conductor, conducts electricity, conducts water, and transfers heat. In addition, the fuel cell in the fuel cell block includes a fuel cell control board. This analogue is closest to the claimed invention and allows the generation of electricity for charging the traction power supply in the vehicle; however, it does not include the description of technical features allowing the necessary level of system reliability to be maintained in the vehicle operating under conditions of different temperature ranges, as well as technical features allowing the monitoring and stabilization of the output parameters of the fuel cell in the event of sudden changes in the applied load or when starting the vehicle's electrical system. Summary of the invention
[0006] The task set during the development of the claimed invention was to create a power supply system for vehicles that is able to ensure high reliability using hydrogen fuel cells as power source.
[0007] The technical result achieved by the implementation of the present invention is to improve the reliability of using hydrogen fuel cells as part of the vehicle power supply system.
[0008] The specific technical results are achieved through a power supply system for a vehicle, which includes a shell, the shell includes a voltage converter and a hydrogen supply module, the hydrogen supply module is connected to at least two fuel cells through a nylon tube, and the shell of each fuel cell has a fan, an air filter and a fuel cell control board, the fuel cell control board is connected to a buffer power supply through a solid-state relay, and the hydrogen supply module has an input end for connecting a hydrogen storage supply system and a low-pressure pressure reducer, the output end of the hydrogen supply module is connected to the nylon tube through a solenoid valve, and then connected to the fuel cell, and the output end of each fuel cell control board is connected to a voltage converter through a main control board, and the voltage converter is electrically connected to a traction power supply and a traction motor of the vehicle.
[0009] The technical solution used in the present invention can individually control the condition of the fuel cell as part of the power supply system, and stabilize the output parameters of the fuel cell in the event of sudden changes in the applied load and when starting the vehicle's electrical system.
[0010] The hydrogen supply module includes a low-pressure pressure reducer capable of adjusting the inlet pressure of hydrogen gas of 35 bar to an outlet pressure of 0.1 to 1.7 bar, and a solenoid valve through which a hydrogen flow is supplied and distributed to the fuel cell.
[0011] To maintain the operating temperature range of the fuel cell, the design provides a temperature sensor, a control board for the fuel cell, and a ventilation system including a fan and an air filter.
[0012] The stabilization of the output parameters of each fuel cell and the power supply to the control board are achieved by a buffer power supply located next to each fuel cell. The buffer power supply is charged at the expense of the energy produced by the fuel cell. The status and control information of the buffer power supply is received by a dedicated board located below it. This information is then transmitted to the main control board of the fuel cell.
[0013] A solid-state relay is located between the buffer power supply and the fuel cell housing and is designed to supply voltage from the buffer power supply to the fuel cell control board when starting the vehicle.
[0014] The output of the fuel cell housing is connected to the input of the voltage converter via a main fuel cell control board located on the first fuel cell housing. The voltage converter further has an output for connecting a vehicle traction power source and a vehicle traction motor.
[0015] The voltage converter is designed to increase the voltage generated by the fuel cell to the voltage required for charging the traction power supply by reducing the current intensity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] The technical essence of the present invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 shows a design of a fuel cell for an energy supply system for a vehicle; Figure 2 shows an overall view of the energy supply system for a vehicle; Figure 3 A top view of the power supply system for a vehicle is shown.
[0017] Detailed description of the invention The vehicle power supply system includes: 1. Fuel cell (FC) housing 2. Fuel Cells 3. Air filter 4. Fan 5. Control Panel 6. Main control board 7. Power supply system housing 8. Voltage Converter 9. Gas Analyzer 10. Solid State Relay 11. Buffer power supply 12. Low pressure reducer 13. Solenoid valve 14. Hydrogen supply module In a preferred embodiment, the present invention is implemented as follows: The fuel (hydrogen) included in the storage supply system is supplied to the inlet of the low-pressure reducer (12) as part of the hydrogen supply module (14), where the 35 bar inlet pressure is converted into an outlet pressure of 0.1 to 1.7 bar. Next, an opening signal is sent to the solenoid valve (13), and the hydrogen is distributed to each fuel cell (2) through a dedicated hole via a nylon tube and then moves along the components of the membrane electrode block. The hydrogen supplied to the anode of the membrane electrode block undergoes an oxidation reaction (electron recoil) on the catalyst layer, after which it diffuses (i.e., it is transferred) through a proton conductive polymer membrane to the cathode. An oxidant is also supplied to the cathode (oxygen from the air enters the system through an air filter (3)), and air intake occurs due to a fan (4) located on the upper part of the fuel cell housing (1). The oxygen from the air undergoes oxidation-reduction on the catalyst layer. Thereafter, H+ cations and O-2 anions combine to form water molecules, and the electrons formed in the half-reaction flow through an external circuit. The general reaction can be described by the following equation: (1) H2 — 2e- = 2H+; (2) 2O-2 + 4e- = O2; (3) H2 + 1 / 2O2 = H2O.
[0018] The operating temperature range of the fuel cells (from 0 to +60°C) is maintained thanks to the ventilation system located in the housing of each fuel cell (1) and the presence of a temperature sensor located in each fuel cell. The signal emitted by the temperature sensor is sent to the control board (5) of the fuel cell; the data is then transmitted and analyzed on the main control board (6) located in the housing of the first fuel cell. To increase safety, a hydrogen analyzer (9) is installed in the housing of the power supply system (7), which is able to determine the minimum amount of hydrogen and, in the event of a leak, emits a signal to close the solenoid valve (13) and cut off the fuel.
[0019] In order to start the fuel cell (2), a solid-state relay (10) and a buffer power supply (11) are provided in the power supply system housing (7). Startup is achieved by sending a control signal to the solid-state relay (10), which closes contacts and supplies an electrical signal generated by the buffer power supply (11) to the fuel cell control board (5). In addition, the buffer power supply (11) is used to stabilize the power generated by the fuel cell (2) in the event of a sudden change in the applied load. The charging of the buffer power supply (11) is performed using the energy generated by the fuel cell (2).
[0020] The energy generated by the fuel cell is supplied to the input of a voltage converter (8), where the voltage is increased to the level required to charge the traction power supply. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in implementing the claimed invention, provided that they do not exceed the scope of protection; it is also obvious that the invention may be used to obtain the described advantages by technical means other than vehicles.
Claims
1. A vehicle power supply system, comprising a housing, the housing comprising a voltage converter and a hydrogen supply module, the hydrogen supply module being connected to at least two fuel cells via a nylon tube, wherein The housing of each fuel cell has a fan, an air filter and a fuel cell control board, the fuel cell control board is connected to a buffer power supply through a solid state relay; The hydrogen supply module has an input end for connecting a hydrogen storage supply system and a low-pressure reducer, and the output end of the hydrogen supply module is connected to the nylon tube through a solenoid valve, and the nylon tube is connected to the fuel cell; The output end of each fuel cell control board is connected to the voltage converter through a main control board, and the voltage converter is electrically connected to a traction power supply and a traction motor of the vehicle.