High-quality cultivation method for cauliflower

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-quality cultivation method for cauliflower, and belongs to the technical field of vegetable planting. The high-quality cultivation method for the brassica oleracea comprises the following steps: (1) raising seedlings; (2) soil preparation; (3) field planting; (4) field management; (5) pest control. According to the high-quality cultivation method for the brassica oleracea, robust seedlings are produced through facility seedling culture, and the stress resistance of plants is effectively improved. By limiting the field production management method of the brassica oleracea, balanced nutrition supply in the whole growth period of the brassica oleracea is ensured; the produced product is white and loose in flower ball and fresh and tender in quality; the yield and the quality of the cauliflower are greatly improved, and the output value and the income are increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable planting, and in particular to a high-quality cultivation method for broccoli. Background Art

[0002] Songhua cauliflower, also known as green-stemmed broccoli, is a variety of Brassica oleracea in the family Cruciferae. It has many functions such as nourishing the spleen and stomach, nourishing the kidneys and strengthening bones. Regular consumption can reduce the body's oxidative reactions and is very popular among consumers. Compared with compact cauliflower varieties, Songhua cauliflower has the advantages of good boiling resistance, delicious and crisp taste, high content of vitamin C and soluble sugar, strong heat resistance, and wide adaptability. It not only broadens the time for Songhua cauliflower to be put on the market; but also the price is more than double that of compact cauliflower varieties. It is deeply loved by the majority of producers and operators and is one of the main vegetable varieties for farmers to increase production and income.

[0003] In actual production at this stage, the planting method of broccoli is simple and extensive, generally choosing fertile and well-drained sandy loam, and planting in flat areas with plenty of sunshine. There is no scientific and reasonable high-quality cultivation technology system in the existing technology, resulting in small broccoli heads, poor quality and low yield. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problems of low yield and poor quality caused by improper cultivation methods of broccoli in the prior art, and to provide a safe and high-quality cultivation method of broccoli.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A high-quality cultivation method for broccoli comprises the following steps:

[0007] (1) Seedling cultivation: Use a hole tray with 128 holes, fill it with seedling medium, water it thoroughly before sowing, sow one seed in each hole, cover it with 0.5 cm of medium, and then cover the hole tray with plastic film or newspaper. Remove the plastic film or newspaper in time after the seedlings emerge; keep the medium moist during the seedling stage, water it frequently with small amounts of water, and harden the seedlings 10 days before transplanting;

[0008] (2) Land preparation: Choose sandy soil with good drainage, combine land preparation and fertilization, deep plowing, fine harrowing and ridge making;

[0009] (3) Planting: Select strong pine cauliflower seedlings that are 30 to 40 days old, 12 to 15 cm tall, 6 to 7 leaves, thick leaves, well-developed root systems, and free of diseases and insect pests. Dig holes on the ridge surface with a spacing of 35 to 40 cm, plant 2 rows per ridge, and allow the seedlings to grow slowly for 5 to 7 days.

[0010] (4) Field management: During the growing season, apply topdressing 4 to 5 times. The first topdressing should be done after the seedlings have grown. 2Apply urea 10-15 kg, and apply the second topdressing after 8-10 days, every 667 m 2 Apply 20kg of triple compound fertilizer, and then apply compound fertilizer 1-2 times depending on the growth of the plant; when the heart leaves begin to twist, apply 20kg of triple compound fertilizer every 667m 2 Apply 30kg of triple compound fertilizer and 10kg of potassium sulfate, and no more fertilizer will be applied later; watering should be done in small amounts and multiple times when the soil is dry and wet, and topdressing and watering should be combined according to weather conditions and plant growth to maintain appropriate soil moisture; when the diameter of the flower ball is 8-10cm, the leaves should be tied to provide shade or special protective bags for broccoli should be used to prevent water, sun and frost, so as to improve product quality;

[0011] (5) Pest and disease control: control downy mildew, black spot, black shank, black rot, aphids, cabbage loopers, and diamondback moths, etc.

[0012] Preferably, in step (1), the daytime temperature from sowing to emergence is controlled at 20°C to 25°C, and the nighttime temperature is controlled at 15°C to 18°C.

[0013] Preferably, in step (1), after emergence, the daytime temperature is controlled at 16°C to 20°C, and the nighttime temperature is controlled at 10°C to 15°C.

[0014] Preferably, in step (2), the fertilizers used for fertilization include farmyard manure and chemical fertilizers, and the amount of farmyard manure used is 4000-5000 kg / 667 m 2 The chemical fertilizer includes urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate, and the urea fertilizer application rate is 15-20kg / 667m 2 The application amount of superphosphate is 45-50kg / 667m2, and the application amount of potassium sulfate is 10-15kg / 667m 2 .

[0015] Preferably, the fertilizer used for fertilization also includes bio-organic fertilizer; when the fertilizer used for fertilization includes farmyard manure, chemical fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer, the amount of farmyard manure used is 4000-5000kg / 667m 2 The urea fertilizer application rate is 10-25 kg / 667 m 2 The application rate of superphosphate is 40-45kg / 667m 2 The application rate of potassium sulfate is 5-10kg / 667m 2 The amount of bio-organic fertilizer applied is 35-50 kg / 667 m 2 .

[0016] Preferably, in step (3), the soil temperature is maintained at 15-22°C during the seedling growth period.

[0017] Preferably, when applying the ternary compound fertilizer and potassium sulfate in step (4), foliar fertilizer containing trace elements of boron and molybdenum can also be applied.

[0018] Preferably, step (5) pest control specifically comprises the following steps:

[0019] In the early stage of downy mildew, 64% oxadiazon-methyl·mancozeb wettable powder 600-800 times diluted, 75% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 500 times diluted, 72.2% cymoxanil wettable powder 600-800 times diluted should be sprayed for prevention and control, spray once every 7-10 days, and spray 2-3 times in a row;

[0020] In the early stage of black spot disease, spray 500-600 times of 75% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder or 1500 times of 50% isoprodinil wettable powder for prevention and control, spray once every 7-10 days, and spray 2-3 times in a row;

[0021] In the early stage of black shank disease, spray with 500-600 times dilution of 40% polysulfide suspension or 600 times dilution of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, once every 7-10 days, and spray 1-2 times in succession;

[0022] In the early stage of black rot, spray 600 times of 14% copper chloramine aqueous solution, 1500 times of 77% copper hydroxide wettable powder, or 4000 times of 72% agricultural streptomycin sulfate soluble powder for prevention and control, spray once every 7-10 days, and spray 2-3 times in succession;

[0023] Aphids can be killed by luring with yellow boards, laying silver-gray mulch strips to repel aphids, or using 2000-3000 times diluted 50% pirimicarb wettable powder, 1500 times diluted 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, or 800 times diluted 0.2% matrine solution, spraying once every 6-7 days, and spraying 2-3 times in a row;

[0024] During the peak period of egg hatching of cabbage worm, spray 200 times of BT emulsion or 2500 times of 5% chlorpyrifos emulsion; spray 1000 times of 10% bifenthrin emulsion before the larvae reach the second instar, spray once every 7-10 days, and spray 2-3 times in a row;

[0025] During the peak hatching period of Plutella xylostella eggs, spray with 2000 times diluted 5% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate; before the larvae reach the second instar, spray with 3000 times diluted 1.8% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate or 200 times diluted BT emulsion once every 7 to 10 days, and spray 2 to 3 times in a row; the agents used should be rotated and used alternately, and a single type of pesticide should not be used continuously all year round.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] 1. The high-quality cultivation method of broccoli provided by the present invention limits the methods of seedling raising, land preparation, planting, field management and pest and disease control, so that the broccoli heads produced are white and loose, and the quality is fresh and tender; the yield and quality of broccoli are greatly improved, and the output value and income are increased.

[0028] 2. The present invention produces robust seedlings through facility seedling cultivation, thereby effectively improving the stress resistance of the plants.

[0029] 3. The present invention also ensures balanced nutrition supply of broccoli throughout its growth period by limiting the field production management method of broccoli. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the present invention will be briefly introduced below in combination with the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following description of the structure is only some embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the description of these embodiments is used to help understand the present invention, but does not constitute a limitation of the present invention.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] A high-quality cultivation method for broccoli comprises the following steps:

[0033] (1) Seedling raising: Select a hole tray with 128 holes, fill it with seedling raising substrate, water thoroughly before sowing, sow one seed in each hole, cover it with 0.5 cm substrate, and then cover the hole tray with plastic film or newspaper. Remove the plastic film in time after the seedlings emerge. Control the daytime temperature at 20°C and the nighttime temperature at 15°C from sowing to emergence. After emergence, control the daytime temperature at 16°C and the nighttime temperature at 10°C. Keep the substrate moist during the seedling stage and water frequently with small amounts of water. Harden the seedlings 10 days before transplanting.

[0034] (2) Land preparation: Choose sandy soil with good drainage, combine land preparation with application of high-quality farmyard manure 4500kg / 667m 2 , urea 15kg / 667m 2 , superphosphate 45kg / 667m 2 , Potassium sulfate 10kg / 667m 2 , deep plowing and fine harrowing followed by ridge formation, ridge width 50cm, ridge height 15cm, furrow width 30cm;

[0035] (3) Planting: Select 30-day-old, 12-cm-tall, 6-leaf, thick-leafed, well-developed root system, and free of pests and diseases. Dig holes on the ridge surface with a spacing of 35 cm, plant 2 rows per ridge, and allow the seedlings to grow for 5 days. Keep the soil temperature at 15°C during the seedling growth period.

[0036] (4) Field management: Adopt the principle of control before promotion, apply thin fertilizer frequently in the early stage, and apply topdressing 4 times during the entire growth period. The first topdressing is applied after the seedlings have grown. 2 Apply 10kg of urea and apply the second topdressing after 8 days, every 667m 2Apply 20kg of triple compound fertilizer, and then apply compound fertilizer twice more depending on the growth of the plant. When the heart leaves begin to twist, apply heavy fertilizer every 667m 2 Apply 30kg of triple compound fertilizer and 10kg of potassium sulfate, and no more fertilizer will be applied in the future. At this time, you can also apply foliar fertilizer containing trace elements of boron and molybdenum. The principle of irrigation is to apply small amounts and multiple times when the soil is dry and wet. According to weather conditions and plant growth, combine topdressing and watering to maintain appropriate soil moisture. When the diameter of the flower ball is 8cm, tie the leaves and shade it to prevent water, sun and frost, so as to improve product quality.

[0037] (5) Pest and disease control: In the early stage of downy mildew, spray 64% oxadiazon-methyl·mancozeb wettable powder (600 times diluted), 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder (500 times diluted), or 72.2% cymoxanil wettable powder (600 times diluted) for prevention and control. Spray once every 7 days for 2 times in a row.

[0038] In the early stage of black spot disease, use 500 times dilution of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder for prevention and control, spray once every 7 days, and spray twice in a row;

[0039] In the early stage of black leg disease, use 40% polysulfide suspension 500 times liquid for prevention and control, spray once every 7 days;

[0040] In the early stage of black rot, use 600 times diluted 14% copper chloramine solution for prevention and control, spray once every 7 days, and spray twice in a row;

[0041] Aphids are lured and killed using yellow boards, and silver-grey mulch strips are laid to repel aphids;

[0042] During the peak period of egg hatching of cabbage worm, 200 times diluted BT emulsion should be used for prevention and control. Before the larvae reach the second instar, 10% bifenthrin emulsifiable concentrate should be sprayed at a 1000 times diluted concentration, once every 7 days for 2 times in a row.

[0043] During the peak hatching period of Plutella xylostella eggs, spray 2000 times diluted 5% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate. Before the larvae are 2 years old, spray 3000 times diluted 1.8% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate. Spray once every 7 days for 2 times in a row. The above agents should be rotated and used alternately. Avoid using a single type of pesticide continuously all year round.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] A high-quality cultivation method for broccoli comprises the following steps:

[0046] (1) Seedling raising: Select a hole tray with 128 holes, fill it with seedling raising substrate, water thoroughly before sowing, sow one seed in each hole, cover it with 0.5 cm substrate, and then cover the hole tray with plastic film or newspaper. Remove the plastic film in time after the seedlings emerge. Control the daytime temperature at 25°C and the nighttime temperature at 18°C ​​from sowing to emergence. After emergence, control the daytime temperature at 20°C and the nighttime temperature at 15°C. Keep the substrate moist during the seedling stage and water frequently with small amounts of water. Harden the seedlings 10 days before transplanting.

[0047] (2) Land preparation: Choose sandy soil with good drainage, combine land preparation with application of high-quality farmyard manure 4500kg / 667m 2 , urea 20kg / 667m 2 , superphosphate 50kg / 667m 2 , Potassium sulfate 15kg / 667m 2 , deep plowing and fine harrowing followed by ridge formation, ridge width 50cm, ridge height 15cm, furrow width 30cm;

[0048] (3) Planting: Select strong pine cauliflower seedlings that are 40 days old, 15 cm tall, 7 leaves, thick leaves, well-developed root system, and free of diseases and insect pests. Dig holes on the ridge surface with a plant spacing of 40 cm, plant 2 rows per ridge, and let the seedlings grow for 7 days. Keep the soil temperature at 22°C during the seedling growth period.

[0049] (4) Field management: Adopt the principle of control before promotion, apply thin fertilizer frequently in the early stage, and apply topdressing 4 times during the entire growth period. The first topdressing is applied after the seedlings have grown. 2 Apply 15kg of urea and apply the second topdressing after 10 days, every 667m 2 Apply 20kg of triple compound fertilizer, and apply compound fertilizer twice more depending on the growth of the plant. When the heart leaves begin to twist, apply 20kg of triple compound fertilizer every 667m. 2 Apply 30kg of triple compound fertilizer and 10kg of potassium sulfate, and no more fertilizer will be applied in the future. At this time, you can also apply foliar fertilizer containing trace elements of boron and molybdenum. The principle of irrigation is to apply small amounts and multiple times when the soil is dry and wet. According to weather conditions and plant growth, combine topdressing and watering to maintain appropriate soil moisture. When the diameter of the flower ball is 10cm, tie the leaves to shade or use special protective bags for broccoli to prevent water, sun and frost, so as to improve product quality.

[0050] (5) Pest and disease control: In the early stage of downy mildew, spray 800 times diluted 64% oxadiazon-methyl·mancozeb wettable powder, 500 times diluted 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder, or 800 times diluted 72.2% cymoxanil wettable powder for prevention and control. Spray once every 10 days for 3 times in a row.

[0051] In the early stage of black spot disease, spray 1500 times diluted 50% cyprodinil wettable powder for prevention and control, spray once every 10 days, and spray 3 times in a row;

[0052] In the early stage of black leg disease, spray 600 times diluted 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder for prevention and control, spray once every 10 days, and spray twice in a row;

[0053] In the early stage of black rot, use 1500 times diluted 77% copper hydroxide wettable powder for prevention and control, spray once every 10 days, and spray 3 times in a row;

[0054] Aphids can be controlled with 2000 times diluted 50% pirimicarb wettable powder, spray once every 7 days, and spray 3 times in a row;

[0055] During the peak period of egg hatching of cabbage worm, spray 2500 times diluted 5% chlorpyrifos EC, and before the larvae reach the second instar, spray 1000 times diluted 10% bifenthrin EC, once every 10 days, for 3 times in a row;

[0056] During the peak hatching period of Plutella xylostella eggs, spray 2000 times diluted 5% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate, and before the larvae are 2 years old, spray 3000 times diluted 1.8% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate. Spray once every 10 days for 3 times in a row. The above agents should be rotated and used alternately. Avoid using a single type of pesticide continuously all year round.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] A high-quality cultivation method for broccoli comprises the following steps:

[0059] (1) Seedling raising: Select a hole tray with 128 holes, fill it with seedling raising substrate, water thoroughly before sowing, sow one seed in each hole, cover it with 0.5 cm substrate, and then cover the hole tray with plastic film or newspaper. Remove the plastic film in time after the seedlings emerge. Control the daytime temperature at 20°C and the nighttime temperature at 15°C from sowing to emergence. After emergence, control the daytime temperature at 16°C and the nighttime temperature at 10°C. Keep the substrate moist during the seedling stage and water frequently with small amounts of water. Harden the seedlings 10 days before transplanting.

[0060] (2) Land preparation: Choose sandy soil with good drainage, combine land preparation with application of high-quality farmyard manure 4500kg / 667m 2 , urea 15kg / 667m 2 , superphosphate 45kg / 667m 2 , Potassium sulfate 10kg / 667m 2 , deep plowing and fine harrowing followed by ridge formation, ridge width 50cm, ridge height 15cm, furrow width 30cm;

[0061] (3) Planting: Select 30-day-old, 12-cm-tall, 6-leaf, thick-leafed, well-developed root system, and free of pests and diseases. Dig holes on the ridge surface with a spacing of 35 cm, plant 2 rows per ridge, and allow the seedlings to grow for 5 days. Keep the soil temperature at 15°C during the seedling growth period.

[0062] (4) Field management: Adopt the principle of control before promotion, apply thin fertilizer frequently in the early stage, and apply topdressing 4 times during the entire growth period. The first topdressing is applied after the seedlings have grown. 2 Apply 10kg of urea and apply the second topdressing after 8 days, every 667m 2 Apply 20kg of triple compound fertilizer, and then apply compound fertilizer twice more depending on the growth of the plant. When the heart leaves begin to twist, apply heavy fertilizer every 667m 2Apply 30kg of triple compound fertilizer and 10kg of potassium sulfate, and no more fertilizer will be applied in the future. At this time, you can also apply foliar fertilizer containing trace elements of boron and molybdenum. The principle of irrigation is to apply small amounts and multiple times when the soil is dry and wet. According to weather conditions and plant growth, combine topdressing and watering to maintain appropriate soil moisture. When the diameter of the flower ball is 8cm, tie the leaves and shade it to prevent water, sun and frost, so as to improve product quality.

[0063] (5) Pest and disease control: In the early stage of downy mildew, spray 800 times diluted 64% oxadiazon-methyl·mancozeb wettable powder, 500 times diluted 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder, or 800 times diluted 72.2% cymoxanil wettable powder for prevention and control. Spray once every 10 days for 3 times in a row.

[0064] In the early stage of black spot disease, spray 1500 times diluted 50% cyprodinil wettable powder for prevention and control, spray once every 10 days, and spray 3 times in a row;

[0065] In the early stage of black leg disease, spray 600 times diluted 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder for prevention and control, spray once every 10 days, and spray twice in a row;

[0066] In the early stage of black rot, use 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 1500 times dilution for prevention and control, spray once every 10 days, and spray 3 times in a row;

[0067] Aphids can be controlled with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 1500 times diluted, spray once every 7 days, and spray 3 times in a row;

[0068] During the peak period of egg hatching of cabbage worm, spray 2500 times diluted 5% chlorpyrifos EC, and before the larvae reach the second instar, spray 1000 times diluted 10% bifenthrin EC, once every 10 days, for 3 times in a row;

[0069] During the peak hatching period of Plutella xylostella eggs, spray with 2000 times diluted 5% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate, and before the larvae are 2 years old, spray with 200 times diluted BT emulsion. Spray once every 10 days for 3 times in a row. The above agents should be rotated and used alternately. Avoid using a single type of pesticide continuously all year round.

[0070] Example 4

[0071] A high-quality cultivation method for broccoli comprises the following steps:

[0072] (1) Seedling cultivation: Select a hole tray with 128 holes, fill it with seedling cultivation substrate, water it thoroughly before sowing, sow 1 seed in each hole, cover it with 0.5 cm of substrate, then cover the hole tray with plastic film or newspaper, remove the plastic film in time after the seedlings emerge, control the daytime temperature at 20°C and the nighttime temperature at 15°C from sowing to emergence, control the daytime temperature at 16°C and the nighttime temperature at 10°C after emergence, keep the substrate moist during the seedling stage, water it frequently with small amounts of water, and harden the seedlings 10 days before transplanting; the substrate is composed of the following components in terms of volume ratio: peat: perlite: vermiculite = 19:4:4; in terms of weight, add 6 parts of 70% thiophanate-methyl, 5 parts of 50% carbendazim, and 4 parts of chlorothalonil to water, then spray them on 2000 parts of the substrate, mix them thoroughly, and cover them for 4 days for sterilization, and the moisture content of the substrate is 45-50% when filling;

[0073] (2) Land preparation: Choose sandy soil with good drainage, combine land preparation with application of high-quality farmyard manure 4500kg / 667m 2 , urea 15kg / 667m 2 , superphosphate 45kg / 667m 2 , Potassium sulfate 10kg / 667m 2 , deep plowing and fine harrowing followed by ridge formation, ridge width 50cm, ridge height 15cm, furrow width 30cm;

[0074] (3) Planting: Select 30-day-old, 12-cm-tall, 6-leaf, thick-leafed, well-developed root system, and free of pests and diseases. Dig holes on the ridge surface with a spacing of 35 cm, plant 2 rows per ridge, and allow the seedlings to grow for 5 days. Keep the soil temperature at 15°C during the seedling growth period.

[0075] (4) Field management: Adopt the principle of control before promotion, apply thin fertilizer frequently in the early stage, and apply topdressing 4 times during the entire growth period. The first topdressing is applied after the seedlings have grown. 2 Apply 10kg of urea and apply the second topdressing after 8 days, every 667m 2 Apply 20kg of triple compound fertilizer, and then apply compound fertilizer twice more depending on the growth of the plant. When the heart leaves begin to twist, apply heavy fertilizer every 667m 2 Apply 30kg of triple compound fertilizer and 10kg of potassium sulfate, and no more fertilizer will be applied in the future. At this time, you can also apply foliar fertilizer containing trace elements of boron and molybdenum. The principle of irrigation is to apply small amounts and multiple times when the soil is dry and wet. According to weather conditions and plant growth, combine topdressing and watering to maintain appropriate soil moisture. When the diameter of the flower ball is 8cm, tie the leaves and shade it to prevent water, sun and frost, so as to improve product quality.

[0076] (5) Pest and disease control: In the early stage of downy mildew, spray 800 times diluted 64% oxadiazon-methyl·mancozeb wettable powder, 500 times diluted 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder, or 800 times diluted 72.2% cymoxanil wettable powder for prevention and control. Spray once every 10 days for 3 times in a row.

[0077] In the early stage of black spot disease, spray 1500 times diluted 50% cyprodinil wettable powder for prevention and control, spray once every 10 days, and spray 3 times in a row;

[0078] In the early stage of black leg disease, spray 600 times diluted 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder for prevention and control, spray once every 10 days, and spray twice in a row;

[0079] In the early stage of black rot, use 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 1500 times dilution for prevention and control, spray once every 10 days, and spray 3 times in a row;

[0080] Aphids can be controlled with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 1500 times diluted, spray once every 7 days, and spray 3 times in a row;

[0081] During the peak period of egg hatching of cabbage worm, spray 2500 times diluted 5% chlorpyrifos EC, and before the larvae reach the second instar, spray 1000 times diluted 10% bifenthrin EC, once every 10 days, for 3 times in a row;

[0082] During the peak hatching period of Plutella xylostella eggs, spray with 2000 times diluted 5% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate, and before the larvae are 2 years old, spray with 200 times diluted BT emulsion. Spray once every 10 days for 3 times in a row. The above agents should be rotated and used alternately. Avoid using a single type of pesticide continuously all year round.

[0083] The high-quality cultivation method of the present embodiment can produce broccoli with regular broccoli heads and white color, with an output of 3,200 kg per mu, which is about 14% higher than the 2,800 kg output of the product obtained by the cultivation method in the prior art. The broccoli heads produced by the present invention are white and loose, with fresh and tender quality, which greatly improves the yield and quality of broccoli and increases the output value and income.

[0084] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-quality cultivation method for broccoli, comprising the following steps: (1) Seedling cultivation: Use a hole tray with 128 holes, fill it with seedling medium, water it thoroughly before sowing, sow one seed in each hole, cover it with 0.5 cm of medium, and then cover the hole tray with plastic film or newspaper. Remove the plastic film or newspaper in time after the seedlings emerge; keep the medium moist during the seedling stage, water it frequently with small amounts of water, and harden the seedlings 10 days before transplanting; (2) Land preparation: Choose sandy soil with good drainage, combine land preparation and fertilization, deep plowing, fine harrowing and ridge making; (3) Planting: Select strong pine cauliflower seedlings that are 30 to 40 days old, 12 to 15 cm tall, 6 to 7 leaves, thick leaves, well-developed root systems, and free of diseases and insect pests. Dig holes on the ridge surface with a spacing of 35 to 40 cm, plant 2 rows per ridge, and allow the seedlings to grow slowly for 5 to 7 days. (4) Field management: During the growing season, apply topdressing 4 to 5 times. The first topdressing should be done after the seedlings have grown. 2 Apply urea 10-15 kg, and apply the second topdressing after 8-10 days, every 667 m 2 Apply 20kg of triple compound fertilizer, and then apply compound fertilizer 1-2 times depending on the growth of the plant; when the heart leaves begin to twist, apply 20kg of triple compound fertilizer every 667m 2 Apply 30kg of triple compound fertilizer and 10kg of potassium sulfate, and no more fertilizer will be applied later; watering should be done in small amounts and multiple times when the soil is dry and wet. According to weather conditions and plant growth, topdressing and watering should be combined to maintain appropriate soil moisture; when the diameter of the flower ball is 8-10cm, the leaves should be tied to shade or the broccoli should be bagged with a special protective bag for broccoli; (5) Pest and disease control: control downy mildew, black spot, black shank, black rot, aphids, cabbage loopers, and diamondback moths, etc.

2. The high-quality cultivation method of Songhuacai according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the daytime temperature from sowing to emergence is controlled at 20°C to 25°C, and the nighttime temperature is controlled at 15°C to 18°C.

3. The high-quality cultivation method of Songhuacai according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the seedlings emerge in step (1), the daytime temperature is controlled at 16°C to 20°C, and the nighttime temperature is controlled at 10°C to 15°C.

4. The high-quality cultivation method of Songhuacai according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the ridge width is 50 cm, the ridge height is 15 cm, and the furrow width is 30 cm.

5. The high-quality cultivation method of Songhuacai according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the fertilizers used include farmyard manure and chemical fertilizers, and the amount of farmyard manure used is 4000-5000 kg / 667 m 2 The chemical fertilizers include urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate, and the urea fertilizer application rate is 15-20 kg / 667 m 2 The application rate of superphosphate is 45-50kg / 667m 2 The fertilizer application rate of potassium sulfate is 10-15kg / 667m 2 .

6. The high-quality cultivation method of Songhuacai according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fertilizer used for fertilization also includes bio-organic fertilizer; when the fertilizer used for fertilization includes farmyard manure, chemical fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer, the amount of farmyard manure used is 4000-5000kg / 667m 2 The urea fertilizer application rate is 10-25 kg / 667 m 2 The application rate of superphosphate is 40-45kg / 667m 2 The application rate of potassium sulfate is 5-10kg / 667m 2 The amount of bio-organic fertilizer applied is 35-50 kg / 667 m 2 .

7. The high-quality cultivation method of Songhuacai according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the soil temperature is maintained at 15-22°C during the seedling growth period.

8. The high-quality cultivation method of Songhuacai according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), when applying the ternary compound fertilizer and potassium sulfate, foliar fertilizer containing trace elements of boron and molybdenum can also be applied.

9. The high-quality cultivation method of Songhuacai according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step (5) pest control specifically includes the following steps: In the early stage of downy mildew, 64% oxadiazon-methyl·mancozeb wettable powder 600-800 times diluted, 75% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 500 times diluted, 72.2% cymoxanil wettable powder 600-800 times diluted should be sprayed for prevention and control, spray once every 7-10 days, and spray 2-3 times in a row; In the early stage of black spot disease, spray 500-600 times of 75% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder or 1500 times of 50% isoprodinil wettable powder for prevention and control, spray once every 7-10 days, and spray 2-3 times in a row; In the early stage of black shank disease, spray with 500-600 times dilution of 40% polysulfide suspension or 600 times dilution of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, once every 7-10 days, and spray 1-2 times in succession; In the early stage of black rot, spray 600 times of 14% copper chloramine aqueous solution, 1500 times of 77% copper hydroxide wettable powder, or 4000 times of 72% agricultural streptomycin sulfate soluble powder for prevention and control, spray once every 7-10 days, and spray 2-3 times in succession; Aphids can be killed by luring with yellow boards, laying silver-gray mulch strips to repel aphids, or using 2000-3000 times diluted 50% pirimicarb wettable powder, 1500 times diluted 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, or 800 times diluted 0.2% matrine solution, spraying once every 6-7 days, and spraying 2-3 times in a row; During the peak period of egg hatching of cabbage worm, spray 200 times of BT emulsion or 2500 times of 5% chlorpyrifos emulsion; spray 1000 times of 10% bifenthrin emulsion before the larvae reach the second instar, spray once every 7-10 days, and spray 2-3 times in a row; During the peak hatching period of Plutella xylostella eggs, spray with 2000 times diluted 5% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate; before the larvae reach the second instar, spray with 3000 times diluted 1.8% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate or 200 times diluted BT emulsion once every 7 to 10 days, and spray 2 to 3 times in a row; the agents used should be rotated and used alternately, and a single type of pesticide should not be used continuously all year round.