Preparation method and application of seedling substrate for preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a seedling substrate for preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles, and relates to the technical field of seedling substrates. Comprising the following steps: 1, preparing artificial peat; step 2, crushing and granulating; 3, mixing and stirring; and 4, drying, crushing and forming. The invention further discloses application of the seedling substrate for preventing and treating the continuous cropping obstacles, and the seedling substrate is applied to seedling culture of vegetables, flowers and forestry and is also applied to relieving the continuous cropping obstacles of soil. According to the preparation method and application of the seedling culture substrate for preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles, the biological agent formed by mixing ningnanmycin and bacillus subtilis is added into the seedling culture substrate, so that bacterial and fungal diseases generated in the early stage of seedling culture can be effectively controlled, and various amino acids, vitamins and trace elements contained in the biological agent can be used for preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles. The plant growth regulator has obvious regulation and growth stimulation effects on crop growth, is beneficial to improvement of germination of crop seeds and growth of root systems, and improves the emergence rate and the strong seedling rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of seedling cultivation substrates, and in particular to a method for preparing a seedling cultivation substrate for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the intensive cultivation of protected vegetables, high-density single and repeated planting environments have provided suitable conditions for the accumulation and spread of soil-borne pathogens. The occurrence of soil-borne diseases has become increasingly serious, and various crop bacterial diseases, fungal diseases and root-knot nematodes have spread over a large area, resulting in a significant reduction in crop yield and quality, which seriously restricts the production and development of protected crops. If it is not controlled, it will cause serious yield reduction or even complete failure of economic crops. Ningnanmycin is a new type of microbial source agent that does not pollute the environment. It has preventive and therapeutic effects on diseases. Bacillus subtilis can resist continuous cropping obstacles by improving soil structure, promoting crop growth, and inhibiting the growth of pathogens. Therefore, the synergistic effect of Ningnanmycin and Bacillus subtilis, added to the material, can effectively prevent the occurrence of diseases during seedling cultivation and reduce the occurrence of continuous cropping obstacles during planting.

[0003] The invention with publication number CN103524253A discloses a seedling medium and a preparation method and use thereof. The seedling medium is prepared by mixing biocontrol fungus chaff and soil, wherein the mass ratio of the biocontrol fungus chaff to soil is 7-9:1-3. The invention also discloses a preparation method thereof, comprising: (1) fermenting edible fungus chaff; (2) adding biocontrol fungus spores to the fermented edible fungus chaff in step (1) to obtain biocontrol fungus chaff; and (3) mixing the biocontrol fungus chaff with soil to obtain a seedling medium.

[0004] As shown in the above invention, the existing seedling matrix can prevent and control continuous cropping disorders and soil-borne diseases at the same time, but the existing seedling matrix usually only uses agricultural organic waste (such as mushroom bran) as the main raw material, fails to achieve the effects of disease prevention, pest prevention, and recycling, and also pays little attention to the effect of preventing and controlling continuous cropping disorders after plant seedling transplanting, cannot improve soil properties, and is not conducive to plant growth. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for preparing a seedling culture medium for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles and its application, thereby solving the existing problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical scheme: A method for preparing a seedling culture medium for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Prepare the artificial peat required for the production of seedling substrate;

[0008] Step 2: 40-50 parts of edible fungus bran, 10-20 parts of water-retaining matrix and 60-80 parts of auxiliary fermentation matrix are placed in a grinder and crushed, and the powder particle size after crushing is controlled to be 1-2 mm to obtain a mixed material;

[0009] Step 3: Add 100-150 parts of artificial peat, 1-2 parts of biological bacteria agent and 15-20 parts of attapulgite to the above mixed material, and mix and stir in a blender. During the mixing process, add 0.5 times the weight of water and stir evenly to form a viscous slurry;

[0010] Step 4: Dry the viscous slurry and crush it into a shape to obtain a seedling medium.

[0011] Preferably, the preparation process of the artificial peat includes:

[0012] S1: using protein substances as raw materials, adding 0.5-1 mol / L urea and 0.05-0.1 mol / L potassium hydroxide mixed aqueous solution, stirring and reacting at 120-150° C. to obtain hydrolyzed protein;

[0013] S2: adding straw powder, urea and compost to the hydrolyzed protein, mixing them well and performing aerobic fermentation. When the temperature drops to a point where it does not rise again, the aerobic fermentation is finished.

[0014] S3: After the aerobic fermentation is completed, anaerobic fermentation is carried out to obtain artificial peat.

[0015] Preferably, the temperature of the first fermentation is >55°C, and the soil is turned over every 24 hours for 3-7 days. The temperature of the aerobic fermentation is 50°C-55°C, and the soil is turned over every 48 hours. The temperature of the anaerobic fermentation is ≥30°C and <50°C, and the soil is turned over every 72 hours for 10-15 days.

[0016] Preferably, the protein material is one or more of soybean meal, corn protein and by-products of livestock, poultry and fish product processing.

[0017] Preferably, the compost is a product of mixed fermentation of livestock manure and rice husks, and the water content of the compost is ≤30%.

[0018] Preferably, the water-retaining matrix is ​​one or more of perlite, vermiculite, carbonized rice husks, and corn cobs.

[0019] Preferably, the raw material of the auxiliary fermentation matrix is ​​one or more of walnut shells, chestnut shells, and fruit shells, and the auxiliary fermentation matrix is ​​a fermentation product of the above raw materials.

[0020] Preferably, the attapulgite is a natural magnesium-rich aluminum silicate clay mineral with excellent adsorption and colloidal properties.

[0021] Preferably, the biological bacterial agent is a 1:1 mixture of Ningnanmycin and Bacillus subtilis.

[0022] The invention discloses an application of a seedling raising matrix for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles. The seedling raising matrix is ​​applied to vegetable, flower and forestry seedling raising, and is also applied to alleviating continuous cropping obstacles in soil.

[0023] Beneficial Effects

[0024] The present invention provides a method for preparing a seedling culture medium for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles and its application. Compared with the prior art, it has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. The method and application of preparing the seedling substrate for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles, which replaces the peat resources with natural peat as raw material with artificial peat, not only has the advantages of domestic peat and imported peat, but also contains rich nutrition, humic acid, amino acids and stable fiber particle structure, and can safely replace natural peat as the main raw material for substrate production. It has high commercial value and cost advantages, and is a renewable resource, which is in line with the needs of future substrate development.

[0026] 2. The preparation method and application of the seedling matrix for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles, by adding a biological agent mixed with Ningnanmycin and Bacillus subtilis into the seedling matrix, can not only effectively control diseases, but also have a significant regulating and stimulating effect on crop growth through the various amino acids, vitamins and trace elements it contains, which helps to improve the survival rate and transplanting rate of crops. Ningnanmycin is a new type of microbial source agent that does not pollute the environment. It has a preventive and therapeutic effect on diseases. Bacillus subtilis can resist continuous cropping obstacles by improving soil structure, promoting crop growth, and inhibiting the growth of pathogens. Therefore, the synergistic effect of Ningnanmycin and Bacillus subtilis, added to the material, can effectively prevent the occurrence of diseases in the seedling process and reduce the occurrence of continuous cropping obstacles during planting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the process of preparing artificial peat of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] See Figure 1-2 , the present invention provides the following multiple technical solutions:

[0031] The first embodiment: a method for preparing a seedling substrate for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles, comprising the following steps:

[0032] Step 1: Prepare the artificial peat required for the production of seedling substrate;

[0033] Step 2: 40-50 parts of edible fungus bran, 10-20 parts of water-retaining matrix and 60-80 parts of auxiliary fermentation matrix are placed in a grinder and crushed, and the powder particle size after crushing is controlled to be 1-2 mm to obtain a mixed material;

[0034] Step 3: Add 100-150 parts of artificial peat, 1-2 parts of biological bacteria agent and 15-20 parts of attapulgite to the above mixed material, and mix and stir in a blender. During the mixing process, add 0.5 times the weight of water and stir evenly to form a viscous slurry;

[0035] Step 4: Dry the viscous slurry and crush it into a shape to obtain a seedling medium.

[0036] In this embodiment, the water-retaining matrix is ​​one or more of perlite, vermiculite, carbonized rice husks, and corn cobs, the raw materials of the auxiliary fermentation matrix are one or more of walnut shells, chestnut shells, and fruit shells, and the auxiliary fermentation matrix is ​​a fermentation product of the above raw materials.

[0037] Mushroom husks are a high-quality organic fertilizer. Applying mushroom husks to the soil can improve soil structure, increase soil aeration and water retention. The rich organic matter contained in it can provide nutrition for soil microorganisms after decomposition in the soil, promote the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, and thus improve soil fertility.

[0038] The attapulgite is a natural magnesium-rich aluminum silicate clay mineral with excellent adsorption and colloidal properties, which can be used as a fertilizer and soil conditioner to absorb various nutrients in the soil, increase the soil aggregate structure, maintain and regulate soil fertility, regulate pH value, and promote plant growth.

[0039] The biological bacterial agent is a 1:1 mixture of Ningnanmycin and Bacillus subtilis.

[0040] Ningnanmycin is a new pesticide with low toxicity, low residue, no "three hazards" and accumulation problems, and no environmental pollution. It has a relative control effect of about 70% on rice bacterial blight, and can reach 90% as high. The yield increase effect is 10-20%, and can reach 35%. In addition, it has significant disease prevention and yield increase effects on powdery mildew of wheat, vegetables, flowers, etc. It also has good control effects on rice sclerotinia, olive peacock spot, scab and tobacco mosaic. Ningnanmycin inhibits the replication of virus particles by destroying the combination of viral nucleic acid and protein shell. This mechanism enables Ningnanmycin to effectively prevent and control diseases caused by viruses, such as tobacco mosaic virus disease. Ningnanmycin interferes with the biosynthesis of chitin in the bacterial cell wall, resulting in the inability of the bacterial cell wall to carry out normal biosynthesis, thereby killing the bacteria. This mechanism of action enables Ningnanmycin to have a high control effect on a variety of fungal diseases, such as powdery mildew and sheath blight. Ningnanmycin inhibits the synthesis of peptide bonds in the peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls, destroys the integrity of bacterial cell walls, and causes bacterial death. This mechanism makes Ningnanmycin also have a good control effect on a variety of bacterial diseases. Ningnanmycin can also stimulate crops to produce a defense response, and by forming lignified precipitation on the cell walls of crops, it inhibits the expansion of lesions, thereby enhancing the disease resistance of crops. The use of Ningnanmycin can not only effectively control diseases, but also has a significant regulating and stimulating effect on crop growth through the various amino acids, vitamins and trace elements it contains, which helps to improve crop quality and yield.

[0041] Bacillus subtilis rapidly and massively multiplies and colonizes on the surface of animal tissues or in plants and in the soil where plants grow through competition for nutrients and spatial sites, preventing the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms, interfering with the infection of plant pathogens on plants, and destroying their colonization on plants, thereby achieving the effect of inhibiting bacteria and controlling diseases. Bacillus subtilis can adsorb on the hyphae of pathogenic fungi, grow with the hyphae, and produce lytic substances to digest the mycelium, causing the hyphae to break, disintegrate or the cytoplasm to digest; or its secondary metabolites can dissolve the cell walls of pathogenic spores, causing cell wall perforation and deformity. Bacillus subtilis can produce antibacterial substances mainly composed of antibiotics such as phospholipids, amino sugars, peptides and lipopeptides, which inhibit the growth of bacteria, viruses, fungi and pathogens. Among them, lipopeptide antibiotics are one of the most important antibacterial substances. As a Gram-positive aerobic bacterium, Bacillus subtilis can quickly consume free oxygen in the intestines of animals, improve the utilization efficiency of nutrients, and secrete a variety of endogenous enzymes such as amylase, lipase, protease, cellulase, etc. to make up for the deficiency of endogenous enzymes in animals.

[0042] Second embodiment: The preparation process of the artificial peat includes:

[0043] S1: using protein substances as raw materials, adding 0.5-1 mol / L urea and 0.05-0.1 mol / L potassium hydroxide mixed aqueous solution, stirring and reacting at 120-150° C. to obtain hydrolyzed protein;

[0044] S2: adding straw powder, urea and compost to the hydrolyzed protein, mixing and then aerobic fermentation, wherein the temperature of the aerobic fermentation is 50°C to 55°C, and the mixture is turned over every 48 hours. When the temperature drops and does not rise again, the aerobic fermentation ends;

[0045] S3: After the aerobic fermentation is completed, anaerobic fermentation is carried out. The temperature of the anaerobic fermentation is ≥30°C and <50°C. The peat is turned over every 72 hours for 10-15 days to obtain artificial peat.

[0046] In this embodiment, the protein material is one or more of soybean meal, corn protein and by-products of livestock, poultry and fish product processing.

[0047] In this embodiment, the compost is a product of mixed fermentation of livestock manure and rice husks, the moisture content of the compost is ≤30%, the fermentation temperature is >55°C, and the compost is turned over every 24 hours for 3-7 days.

[0048] The third embodiment: The present invention also discloses an application of a seedling matrix for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles. The seedling matrix is ​​applied to vegetable, flower and forestry seedlings, and is also applied to the alleviation of soil continuous cropping obstacles.

[0049] When raising seedlings of leafy vegetables such as lettuce and spinach, the seedling substrate can provide a good environment for seed germination and seedling growth. For example, a substrate mixed with peat, perlite and vermiculite in a certain proportion has good water retention, which can ensure that the seeds have sufficient water supply during the germination process. At the same time, the porosity of the substrate can ensure the entry of oxygen, allowing the seeds to breathe smoothly and improve the germination rate. The lettuce seedlings grown in this substrate have a well-developed root system, a high survival rate after transplanting, and grow rapidly, which can effectively shorten the growth cycle of vegetables and put them on the market earlier.

[0050] In the seedling raising of fruit and vegetable vegetables such as tomatoes and peppers, the role of the seedling raising medium is more critical. Fruit and vegetable seeds are relatively large, and require higher physical properties of the medium. The seedling raising medium can provide support for seed germination and root development of seedlings. Taking the mixed medium of coconut bran, leaf humus and organic fertilizer as an example, coconut bran can improve the air permeability of the medium, leaf humus contains rich nutrients, and organic fertilizer can continuously provide fertility for seedlings. Tomato seedlings cultivated in such a medium are strong and have good flower bud differentiation, laying a solid foundation for high yields in the later stage.

[0051] For herbaceous flower seedlings such as petunias and pansies, the quality of the seedling medium directly affects the quality of the flowers. Some high-quality flower seedling mediums are composed of peat moss, pine scales and perlite. Peat moss has good water and fertilizer retention capabilities, pine scales can increase the air permeability of the medium, and perlite can adjust the specific gravity of the medium. In this medium, petunias germinate quickly, the roots of the seedlings are evenly distributed in the medium, the seedlings recover quickly after transplanting, and can grow quickly. The number of flowers is large, the color is bright, and the ornamental value is high.

[0052] In the process of raising seedlings of woody flowers such as roses and azaleas, the selection of the seedling substrate is also very important. For example, a substrate mixed with humus soil, vermiculite and river sand is used. Humus soil is rich in nutrients such as humic acid, which is conducive to the absorption of the seedling root system. Vermiculite can maintain the humidity of the substrate, and river sand can enhance the drainage of the substrate. Such a substrate can make the roots of woody flower seedlings strong and the branches and trunks upright, providing a good foundation for subsequent growth and flowering.

[0053] When the seedling matrix is ​​mixed with the soil, the organic matter in it will gradually decompose under the action of soil microorganisms. The seedling matrix contains a large amount of humus, which will release large amounts of elements necessary for plants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as trace elements such as iron, manganese, and zinc during the decomposition process, thereby improving soil fertility.

[0054] The organic components in the seedling medium have strong cation exchange capacity, and its humus molecules carry a large amount of negative charge, which can absorb cationic nutrients such as ammonium ions and potassium ions in the soil and reduce fertilizer leaching. This allows the nutrients in the soil to be more effectively absorbed and utilized by plants, improving the utilization rate of fertilizers.

[0055] Perlite, vermiculite and other materials in the seedling medium can improve the pore structure of the soil. Perlite is an acidic lava from a volcanic eruption. It is a glassy rock formed by rapid cooling and has many honeycomb-like pores inside. When added to the soil, it can increase the ventilation pores of the soil and make the soil loose and breathable. Vermiculite is a natural, inorganic, non-toxic mineral that bends when heated and expands, and looks like a leech. It can absorb several times its own weight in water and also increase the porosity of the soil. For example, adding an appropriate amount of perlite and vermiculite to a heavy clay soil can effectively improve the air permeability and water permeability of the soil and prevent the soil from becoming compacted.

[0056] For sandy soil, some sticky ingredients in the seedling medium can increase the cohesion of the soil, such as peat or leaf humus. These substances can make sandy soil particles better agglomerate together and improve the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer. On the contrary, for sticky soil, adding loose seedling medium ingredients such as coconut bran and sawdust can reduce the stickiness of the soil and make the soil more suitable for plant root growth.

[0057] Fourth implementation mode: two seedling substrates prepared in comparative examples and the above-mentioned embodiment are set to carry out seedling raising test, wherein the specific preparation steps in comparative example 1 are the same as those in the embodiment, but no biological agent is added, and the specific preparation steps in comparative example 2 are the same as those in the embodiment, but no concave soil is added. Soybean Zhonghuang 37 is used as the test variety, and complete and uniformly sized soybean Zhonghuang 37 seeds are selected, and the seeds are transferred into the plug tray containing the seedling raising substrate according to the sowing amount of 4 seeds / hole, so as to ensure that the same amount of soybean Zhonghuang 37 is sown in all holes of all plug trays, and the management is carried out by the soybean seedling raising method.

[0058] 8 days after sowing, the emergence rate of bean seedlings in each treatment group was recorded. The results are shown in Table 1

[0059] deal with 8d 10d 12d 14d 16d 18d 20d Example 0 5.2 55.4 88.5 95.8 98.2 98.2 Comparative Example 1 0 3.3 42.5 75.3 78.4 81.1 81.1 Comparative Example 2 0 4.8 51.3 80.4 92.6 87.4 87.4

[0060] According to Table 1, 10 days after sowing, the germination rate of the embodiment treatment is the highest, which is higher than that of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, and the germination rate of Comparative Example 2 is higher than that of Comparative Example 1; 12 days after sowing, the germination rate of the embodiment treatment is increased by 12.9% and 4.1% respectively compared with Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2; 16-20 days after sowing, the germination rate of each treatment tends to be stable, and the germination rate of the embodiment is the highest at this time, and the germination rate of the embodiment is increased by 17.1% and 10.8% respectively compared with Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2. During the period from 8 days after sowing to 20 days after sowing, the germination rate of the embodiment treatment is always higher than that of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, and the seedling raising matrix of the present invention can significantly improve the germination rate of soybean.

[0061] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0062] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a seedling culture medium for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Prepare the artificial peat required for the production of seedling substrate; Step 2: 40-50 parts of edible fungus bran, 10-20 parts of water-retaining matrix and 60-80 parts of auxiliary fermentation matrix are placed in a grinder and crushed, and the powder particle size after crushing is controlled to be 1-2 mm to obtain a mixed material; Step 3: Add 100-150 parts of artificial peat, 1-2 parts of biological bacteria agent and 15-20 parts of attapulgite to the above mixed material, and mix and stir in a blender. During the mixing process, add 0.5 times the weight of water and stir evenly to form a viscous slurry; Step 4: Dry the viscous slurry and crush it into a shape to obtain a seedling medium.

2. The method for preparing a seedling culture medium for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation process of the artificial peat comprises: S1: using protein substances as raw materials, adding 0.5-1 mol / L urea and 0.05-0.1 mol / L potassium hydroxide mixed aqueous solution, stirring and reacting at 120-150° C. to obtain hydrolyzed protein; S2: adding straw powder, urea and compost to the hydrolyzed protein, mixing them well and performing aerobic fermentation. When the temperature drops to a point where it does not rise again, the aerobic fermentation is finished. S3: After the aerobic fermentation is completed, anaerobic fermentation is carried out to obtain artificial peat.

3. The method for preparing a seedling culture medium for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 2, characterized in that: The temperature of the aerobic fermentation is 50°C to 55°C, and the soil is turned over every 48 hours. The temperature of the anaerobic fermentation is ≥30°C and <50°C, and the soil is turned over every 72 hours, for a period of 10-15 days.

4. The method for preparing a seedling culture medium for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 2, characterized in that: The protein material is one or more of soybean meal, corn protein and by-products of livestock, poultry and fish product processing.

5. The method for preparing a seedling culture medium for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 2, characterized in that: The compost is a product of mixed fermentation of livestock manure and rice husks, the moisture content of the compost is ≤30%, the fermentation temperature is >55°C, and the compost is turned over every 24 hours for 3-7 days.

6. The method for preparing a seedling culture medium for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water-retaining matrix is ​​one or more of perlite, vermiculite, carbonized rice husk and corn cob.

7. The method for preparing a seedling culture medium for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw material of the auxiliary fermentation matrix is ​​one or more of walnut shells, chestnut shells, and fruit shells, and the auxiliary fermentation matrix is ​​a fermentation product of the above raw materials.

8. The method for preparing a seedling culture medium for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The attapulgite is a natural magnesium-rich aluminum silicate clay mineral with excellent adsorption and colloidal properties.

9. A method for preparing a seedling culture medium for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biological bacterial agent is a 1:1 mixture of Ningnanmycin and Bacillus subtilis.

10. An application of a seedling raising matrix for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles, based on the method for preparing a seedling raising matrix for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The seedling raising substrate is applied to vegetable, flower and forestry seedling raising, and is also applied to the alleviation of soil continuous cropping obstacles.

Images