Hydrogen direct-fired supercritical carbon dioxide energy storage power generation device system and operation method

Abstract

The invention provides a hydrogen direct-fired supercritical carbon dioxide energy storage power generation device system and an operation method. The hydrogen direct-fired supercritical carbon dioxide energy storage power generation device system comprises a hydrogen production and storage unit, a carbon dioxide energy storage unit and a hydrogen fuel combustion power generation unit. And the hydrogen production and storage unit and the carbon dioxide energy storage unit are respectively connected with the hydrogen fuel combustion power generation unit. Two energy storage media of liquid carbon dioxide and high-energy-density green hydrogen are used for energy storage, and super-long-time energy storage can be achieved; and heat energy is subjected to cascade coupling application, stored heat and turbine exhaust heat are fully used for a carbon dioxide cyclic heating heat source, the external emission heat loss of the system is reduced, and the system efficiency is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of energy storage and power generation, and in particular to a hydrogen direct-combustion supercritical carbon dioxide energy storage and power generation device system and an operation method. Background Art

[0002] A high proportion of renewable energy brings major challenges to the safety and stability of the power system. In order to ensure the balance of power and electricity and better cope with the strong randomness and volatility of renewable energy generation, energy storage needs to be configured in the new power system as a flexible power source. The excess power of wind and solar renewable energy can be converted into physical energy storage represented by pumped storage and compressed gas energy storage, or into electrochemical energy storage represented by lithium-ion batteries and liquid flow batteries, or into fuel energy storage represented by green hydrogen and green ammonia. Compressed gas energy storage represented by carbon dioxide and air as working media has become one of the mainstream energy storage technologies. As a physical energy storage technology, compressed gas energy storage technology has technical advantages such as large capacity, long cycle, intrinsic safety, and long life. The energy of compressed air energy storage is in the form of air. Air storage requires huge high-pressure space and often relies on natural geological conditions such as salt caverns and underground chambers. In addition, the site of the energy storage power station also needs to meet the conditions of key nodes or load centers of the power grid, and there are great limitations in site selection.

[0003] Hydrogen produced from new energy is converted into electricity. As the key equipment for hydrogen fuel power generation, gas turbines have now achieved more than 50% hydrogen blending in small gas turbine products. However, due to the high combustion temperature, high-proportion hydrogen fuel and pure hydrogen gas turbine combined cycle still have technical barriers such as high-temperature material development, high-temperature turbine cooling, and high-temperature low NOx burner design.

[0004] In terms of the carbon dioxide power generation cycle, the power generation cycle proposed by Allam et al. with supercritical carbon dioxide as the circulating working fluid has a good reference significance for hydrogen fuel combustion power generation. The Allam cycle uses natural gas as fuel and burns in an atmosphere of oxygen and supercritical carbon dioxide to form high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas to drive the turbine to do work. This cycle uses the characteristics of supercritical carbon dioxide such as large specific heat and small compressibility factor near the critical point to reduce compression power consumption and improve power generation efficiency. In addition, the combustion products are only carbon dioxide and water, the carbon capture cost is low, and there is no NOx emission. Due to the strong complementarity between the Allam cycle and the new energy power generation and hydrogen production system, there are currently studies based on the hydrogen fuel Allam cycle. However, the Allam cycle system has a high pressure, the turbine inlet pressure is usually about 30MPa, and the turbine outlet pressure is also 3MPa. The high pressure parameters pose great challenges to key equipment such as high-temperature and high-pressure compact heat exchangers and combustion chambers. The design and manufacture of hydrogen and oxygen compressors have put forward high requirements, and the carbon dioxide in the system is not stored after compression, and it does not have the characteristics of energy storage function.

[0005] In conventional compressed air energy storage cycles, due to the high temperature level of high-power gas compressor equipment, the heat storage parameters in the compressed air energy storage system are often in the range of 150-400°C, which limits the improvement of energy storage energy density and system efficiency.

[0006] CN117145601A discloses a system and method for supercritical carbon dioxide power generation, the system comprising: a heat exchanger, which is suitable for isochoric heating of carbon dioxide working medium in a subcritical state through an external heat source to convert the carbon dioxide working medium into a supercritical carbon dioxide working medium; a generator connected to the heat exchanger, which is suitable for receiving the supercritical carbon dioxide working medium, and performing work to generate electrical energy under isothermal expansion of the supercritical carbon dioxide working medium, and discharging the working carbon dioxide working medium with a constant temperature; a cooler connected to the generator and installed above the generator to increase the gravitational potential energy of the working carbon dioxide working medium from the generator, and the cooler is suitable for isochoric cooling of the working carbon dioxide working medium into carbon dioxide working medium in a subcritical state; a one-way conveying unit is arranged between the cooler and the heat exchanger, which is suitable for allowing the carbon dioxide working medium from the cooler to pass through, so that the gravitational potential energy of the carbon dioxide working medium is converted into pressure potential energy under isothermal conditions.

[0007] CN106089437A discloses a supercritical carbon dioxide low-temperature power system, including a carbon dioxide storage tank, a compression section, a fuel tank, a fuel absorption tank, a heat exchanger, an air conditioner and an energy-consuming device, wherein the energy-consuming device is a power unit and / or a gas turbine. The carbon dioxide storage tank is connected to the fuel absorption tank through the compression section, and the fuel tank is connected to the liquid / solid fuel inlet of the fuel absorption tank. The high-pressure fluid outlet of the fuel absorption tank is connected to the power unit and / or the gas turbine, and the outlet of the power unit and / or the gas turbine is connected to the exhaust gas outlet through a heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger is connected to the air conditioner. By adding fuel to the high-pressure carbon dioxide fluid in the fuel absorption tank, a supercritical carbon dioxide low-temperature power system is formed, which improves the energy storage potential of supercritical carbon dioxide, has the characteristics of low combustion temperature and exhaust temperature, and has greatly improved thermal efficiency compared with high-temperature power systems, opening up a new way to store energy and use energy.

[0008] However, the above-mentioned supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system still has technical limitations such as low energy storage density. Therefore, it is of great significance to propose a hydrogen direct-fired supercritical carbon dioxide energy storage power generation system to form a new long-term energy storage technology route that couples new energy hydrogen production with carbon dioxide energy storage. Summary of the invention

[0009] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a hydrogen direct-fired supercritical carbon dioxide energy storage and power generation device system and operation method, which uses liquid carbon dioxide and high-energy-density green hydrogen as two energy storage media for storage, realizes the coupling of physical energy storage and fuel energy storage, and fully absorbs low-parameter heat storage and turbine exhaust heat energy in the energy storage stage, improves the overall thermal efficiency of the system, and provides a reliable solution for the development of large new energy bases in deserts, Gobi, and wastelands, and supports the construction and development of new power systems.

[0010] To achieve this object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0011] In the first aspect, the present invention provides a hydrogen direct-combustion supercritical carbon dioxide energy storage and power generation device system, which includes a hydrogen production and storage unit, a carbon dioxide energy storage unit and a hydrogen fuel combustion power generation unit; the hydrogen production and storage unit and the carbon dioxide energy storage unit are respectively connected to the hydrogen fuel combustion power generation unit.

[0012] The hydrogen direct-fired supercritical carbon dioxide energy storage and power generation device system described in the present invention forms a new long-term energy storage technology route of new energy hydrogen production coupled with carbon dioxide energy storage, which has the advantages of the Allam power generation cycle based on hydrogen fuel and compressed carbon dioxide energy storage. Hydrogen storage and carbon dioxide energy storage are two independent energy storage technology routes. Carbon dioxide energy storage belongs to physical energy storage, and hydrogen storage belongs to fuel energy storage, which realizes a coupled power generation system with two energy storage forms. The energy storage form is stored in the form of liquid carbon dioxide and high-energy-density green hydrogen to achieve ultra-long-term energy storage and greatly improve the green electricity consumption capacity; the two energy storage media have the advantages of high energy density and small volume under high pressure or liquid, and are easy to store in pressure vessels. The project site selection is highly flexible and does not rely on natural gas storage geological conditions. It is an ideal long-term energy storage solution for the construction of large new energy bases in deserts, Gobi, and wasteland.

[0013] The operating pressure of the hydrogen direct-fired supercritical carbon dioxide energy storage power generation device system described in the present invention is greatly reduced, which can significantly reduce the difficulty of designing and manufacturing key equipment such as high-temperature and high-pressure heat exchangers, combustion chambers, turbines, etc. in the system, improve the feasibility of project implementation, and the overall operating economy of the device system is relatively high.

[0014] Preferably, the hydrogen production and storage unit comprises an electrolyzer, a first hydrogen compression device, a first oxygen compression device, a first hydrogen cooling device, a first oxygen cooling device, a hydrogen storage device and an oxygen storage device.

[0015] Preferably, the electrolytic cell is connected to a new energy power supply device.

[0016] Preferably, the electrolyzer is connected to a first hydrogen compression device and a first oxygen compression device, respectively.

[0017] Preferably, the first hydrogen compression device, the first hydrogen cooling device and the hydrogen storage device are connected in sequence.

[0018] The function of the first hydrogen cooling device in the present invention is to perform inter-stage cooling and reduce compression power consumption.

[0019] Preferably, the number of the first hydrogen compression devices is at least 2, for example, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.

[0020] Preferably, the number of the first hydrogen cooling devices is at least 2, for example, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.

[0021] In the present invention, the number of the first hydrogen compression device and the first hydrogen cooling device can be reasonably configured according to the pressure conditions.

[0022] Preferably, the first oxygen compression device, the first oxygen cooling device and the oxygen storage device are connected in sequence.

[0023] The function of the first oxygen cooling device in the present invention is to perform inter-stage cooling and reduce compression power consumption.

[0024] Preferably, the number of the first oxygen compression devices is at least 2, for example, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.

[0025] Preferably, the number of the first oxygen cooling devices is at least 2, for example, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.

[0026] In the present invention, the number of the first oxygen compression device and the first oxygen cooling device can be reasonably configured according to the pressure conditions.

[0027] Preferably, the carbon dioxide energy storage unit comprises a gaseous carbon dioxide storage device, a carbon dioxide compression device, a carbon dioxide cooling device and a liquid carbon dioxide storage device which are connected in sequence.

[0028] Preferably, the number of the carbon dioxide compression devices is at least 2, for example, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.

[0029] Preferably, the first carbon dioxide compression device is connected to an electric motor.

[0030] Preferably, the number of the carbon dioxide cooling devices is at least 2, for example, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.

[0031] Preferably, the carbon dioxide energy storage unit further includes a cooling device, a first heat exchange medium storage device, a first circulation pump, a second heat exchange medium storage device and a second circulation pump.

[0032] Preferably, the cooling device, the first heat exchange medium storage device and the first circulation pump are connected in sequence.

[0033] Preferably, the first circulation pump is connected to the carbon dioxide cooling device, the second heat exchange medium storage device and the second circulation pump in sequence.

[0034] The present invention also partially recovers the compression heat during the compression process, preferably recovers the compression heat entering the last carbon dioxide compression device. Therefore, the pressure ratio of the last carbon dioxide compression device is set higher than that of the remaining carbon dioxide compression devices, and the carbon dioxide cooling device before the last carbon dioxide compression device is connected to the second heat exchange medium storage device.

[0035] Preferably, the hydrogen fuel combustion power generation unit comprises a heat recovery device, a combustion chamber, a turbine, an exhaust gas cooling device and a gas-liquid separation device which are connected in sequence.

[0036] Preferably, the turbine is connected to a generator.

[0037] Preferably, the gas-liquid separation device is connected to a gaseous carbon dioxide storage device of a carbon dioxide energy storage unit.

[0038] Preferably, the liquid carbon dioxide storage device is connected to the heat recovery device of the hydrogen fuel combustion power generation unit via the carbon dioxide lifting device.

[0039] Preferably, the hydrogen storage device is connected to the combustion chamber of the hydrogen fuel combustion power generation unit via a second hydrogen compression device and a second hydrogen cooling device.

[0040] The hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device of the present invention is pressurized to a combustion chamber pressure of 7-20MPa by the second hydrogen compression device and the second hydrogen cooling device. The pressure range can be set in the supercritical range according to the optimization of system efficiency. The number of the second hydrogen compression device and the second hydrogen cooling device can be reasonably configured according to the pressure conditions. The function of the second hydrogen cooling device is to perform interstage cooling and reduce compression power consumption.

[0041] Preferably, the oxygen storage device is connected to the heat recovery device of the hydrogen fuel combustion power generation unit via the second oxygen compression device.

[0042] Preferably, the liquid carbon dioxide storage device is connected to the second oxygen compression device and the carbon dioxide lifting device respectively.

[0043] Preferably, the carbon dioxide lifting device is connected to the heat recovery device in two ways.

[0044] In a second aspect, the present invention also provides an operating method of a hydrogen direct-combustion supercritical carbon dioxide energy storage and power generation device system as described in the first aspect, characterized in that the operating method includes a hydrogen production and storage process, a carbon dioxide energy storage process and a hydrogen fuel combustion power generation process.

[0045] Preferably, the hydrogen production and storage process includes: purified water enters the electrolyzer for electrolysis to produce hydrogen, the generated hydrogen passes through a first hydrogen compression device and a first hydrogen cooling device and then enters a hydrogen storage device for storage; the generated oxygen passes through a first oxygen compression device and a first oxygen cooling device and then enters an oxygen storage device for storage.

[0046] Preferably, the carbon dioxide energy storage process includes: the carbon dioxide in the gaseous carbon dioxide storage device passes through a carbon dioxide compression device and a carbon dioxide cooling device to form liquid carbon dioxide and enters the liquid carbon dioxide storage device for storage.

[0047] Preferably, the carbon dioxide energy storage process also includes partially recovering the compression heat of the carbon dioxide compression device. The heat exchange medium in the first heat exchange medium storage device is transported into the carbon dioxide cooling device by the first circulation pump to absorb the compression heat, and then enters the second heat exchange medium storage device for storage.

[0048] Preferably, the hydrogen fuel combustion power generation process includes: the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device enters the combustion chamber of the hydrogen fuel combustion power generation unit after passing through the second hydrogen compression device and the second hydrogen cooling device; the oxygen in the oxygen storage device is pressurized by the second oxygen compression device and mixed with a part of the carbon dioxide at the outlet of the liquid carbon dioxide storage device to become the first gas, and enters the heat recovery device to absorb heat; the other part of the carbon dioxide at the outlet of the liquid carbon dioxide storage device is pressurized to 7-20MPa by the carbon dioxide lifting device; the pressurized carbon dioxide is divided into two paths, named as the second gas and the third gas, respectively, and both enter the heat recovery device to absorb heat; the first gas and the second gas are heated and enter the combustion chamber, and the third gas is heated and enters the turbine to cool the turbine to prevent it from overheating; at this time, hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide are burned in the combustion chamber to generate flue gas of 900-1200°C, the flue gas enters the turbine to expand and do work, and the turbine drives the generator to output electricity; the exhaust gas of the turbine enters the heat recovery device to heat the carbon dioxide and oxygen, and then enters the exhaust cooling device in turn to cool, enters the gas-liquid separation device to separate water, and the separated carbon dioxide returns to the gaseous carbon dioxide storage device.

[0049] Preferably, the hydrogen fuel combustion power generation process also includes: the heat exchange medium that has absorbed compression heat in the second heat exchange medium storage device enters the heat recovery device through the second circulation pump for heat exchange, and then returns to the first heat exchange medium storage device after being cooled by the cooling device.

[0050] The operation method of the hydrogen direct-fired supercritical carbon dioxide energy storage and power generation device system described in the present invention first stores the hydrogen and oxygen produced by the new energy electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen, realizes ultra-long-term energy storage, provides combustion chemical energy to the system in the energy release stage and inputs it for conversion into electrical energy; and thermally couples the compression heat, turbine exhaust waste heat, supercritical carbon dioxide heating and other processes, and has high thermal cycle performance. In the present invention, when supercritical compressed carbon dioxide is stored, when the power load of the power grid is low, the electricity is converted into the internal energy and part of the thermal energy of carbon dioxide through the carbon dioxide gas compressor. After the carbon dioxide is compressed, it is converted into high-pressure liquid storage after cooling. At the same time, part of the thermal energy in the compression process is stored; during the energy release process, when the power consumption of the power grid is at a peak, the supercritical carbon dioxide is preheated before entering the combustion chamber, and the low-parameter heat storage and turbine exhaust heat energy in the energy storage stage are fully absorbed, and the exhaust heat loss is finally reduced, and the overall system thermal efficiency is improved.

[0051] Another part of the carbon dioxide at the outlet of the liquid carbon dioxide storage device in the present invention is pressurized to 7-20MPa by a carbon dioxide lifting device. For example, it can be 7MPa, 8MPa, 10MPa, 15MPa, 18MPa or 20MPa, etc., but it is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0052] Hydrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide burn in a combustion chamber to produce flue gas at 900-1200°C, for example, it can be 900°C, 920°C, 950°C, 1000°C, 1100°C or 1200°C, but it is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0053] The combustion chamber of the present invention forms high-temperature flue gas of 900-1200°C, which makes full use of the reaction products of water electrolysis. The electric-hydrogen-electricity conversion efficiency of the overall system reaches about 50%, which is about 8%-10% higher than the gas turbine cycle, and the system is more advanced.

[0054] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the operation method includes a hydrogen production and storage process, a carbon dioxide energy storage process and a hydrogen fuel combustion power generation process;

[0055] The hydrogen production and storage process includes: purified water enters the electrolytic cell for electrolysis to produce hydrogen, the generated hydrogen passes through a first hydrogen compression device and a first hydrogen cooling device and then enters a hydrogen storage device for storage; the generated oxygen passes through a first oxygen compression device and a first oxygen cooling device and then enters an oxygen storage device for storage;

[0056] The carbon dioxide energy storage process includes: the carbon dioxide in the gaseous carbon dioxide storage device is converted into liquid carbon dioxide after passing through the carbon dioxide compression device and the carbon dioxide cooling device, and enters the liquid carbon dioxide storage device for storage; at the same time, the compression heat of the carbon dioxide compression device is partially recovered, and the heat exchange medium in the first heat exchange medium storage device is transported by the first circulation pump into the carbon dioxide cooling device to absorb the compression heat, and then enters the second heat exchange medium storage device for storage;

[0057] The hydrogen fuel combustion power generation process includes: the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device enters the combustion chamber of the hydrogen fuel combustion power generation unit after passing through the second hydrogen compression device and the second hydrogen cooling device; the oxygen in the oxygen storage device is pressurized by the second oxygen compression device and mixed with a part of the carbon dioxide at the outlet of the liquid carbon dioxide storage device to become the first gas, and enters the heat recovery device to absorb heat; the other part of the carbon dioxide at the outlet of the liquid carbon dioxide storage device is pressurized to 7-20MPa by the carbon dioxide lifting device; the pressurized carbon dioxide is divided into two paths, named as the second gas and the third gas, and both enter the heat recovery device to absorb heat; the first gas and the second gas are heated and enter the combustion chamber, and the third gas After the gas is heated, it enters the turbine to cool the turbine to prevent it from overheating; at this time, hydrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide burn in the combustion chamber to produce flue gas at 900-1200°C, and the flue gas enters the turbine to expand and do work, and the turbine drives the generator to output electricity; the exhaust gas of the turbine enters the heat recovery device to heat the carbon dioxide and oxygen, and then enters the exhaust cooling device to cool, enters the gas-liquid separation device to separate the water, and the separated carbon dioxide returns to the gaseous carbon dioxide storage device; the heat exchange medium that absorbs the compression heat in the second heat exchange medium storage device enters the heat recovery device through the second circulation pump for heat exchange, and then returns to the first heat exchange medium storage device after being cooled by the cooling device.

[0058] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0059] (1) The hydrogen direct-combustion supercritical carbon dioxide energy storage power generation device system provided by the present invention couples new energy hydrogen production with carbon dioxide energy storage, which can achieve ultra-long-term energy storage. As a flexible power source, it has a stronger ability to support the power grid and absorb new energy power generation to a greater extent, providing strong support for the new energy consumption of large wind and solar bases.

[0060] (2) The hydrogen direct-fired supercritical carbon dioxide energy storage and power generation device provided by the present invention has a high system cycle efficiency, which improves the conversion capacity of electrical energy storage; the thermal energy is applied in a step-by-step coupling manner in the thermal system, the segmented compression heat of the compressor is stored, and the stored heat and turbine exhaust heat are fully used as the carbon dioxide circulation heating heat source, which reduces the system's external discharge heat loss and has high system efficiency.

[0061] (3) The working pressure of the main equipment in the hydrogen direct-fired supercritical carbon dioxide energy storage and power generation device system provided by the present invention is significantly lower than that of the traditional Allam cycle, and the operating pressure of the multi-stream heat exchanger in the system is also reduced accordingly, which significantly reduces the difficulty of designing and manufacturing key equipment of the system and improves the feasibility of project implementation; the low difficulty of designing and manufacturing key equipment can reduce the construction investment and operation and maintenance costs of the system and improve the economy of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0062] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a hydrogen production and storage unit in a specific implementation manner of the present invention.

[0063] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a carbon dioxide energy storage unit and a hydrogen fuel combustion power generation unit in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0064] In the figure: 1-electrolyzer; 2-1# hydrogen compression device; 3-2# ​​hydrogen compression device; 4-3# hydrogen compression device; 5-4# hydrogen compression device; 6-1# oxygen compression device; 7-2# oxygen compression device; 8-3# oxygen compression device; 9-hydrogen storage device; 10-oxygen storage device; 11-1# hydrogen cooling device; 12-2# hydrogen cooling device; 13-3# hydrogen cooling device; 14-1# oxygen cooling device; 15-2# oxygen cooling device; 16-gaseous carbon dioxide storage device; 17-motor; 18-1# carbon dioxide compression device; 19-2# carbon dioxide compression device; 20-3# carbon dioxide compression device; 21-4# carbon dioxide compression device; 22-5# Carbon dioxide compression device; 23-6# carbon dioxide compression device; 24-1# carbon dioxide cooling device; 25-2# carbon dioxide cooling device; 26-3# carbon dioxide cooling device; 27-4# carbon dioxide cooling device; 28-5# carbon dioxide cooling device; 29-6# carbon dioxide cooling device; 30-liquid carbon dioxide storage device; 31-first heat exchange medium storage device; 32-first circulation pump; 33-second heat exchange medium storage device; 34-second circulation pump; 35-cooling device; 36-4# oxygen compression device; 37-carbon dioxide lifting device; 38-heat recovery device; 39-combustion chamber; 40-turbine; 41-generator; 42-exhaust cooling device; 43-gas-liquid separation device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and through specific implementation methods.

[0066] The present invention is further described in detail below. However, the following examples are only simplified examples of the present invention and do not represent or limit the scope of protection of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention shall be subject to the claims.

[0067] It should be understood that, in the description of the present invention, the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0068] It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "disposed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by specific circumstances.

[0069] Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention necessarily includes necessary pipelines, conventional valves and general pump equipment for realizing a complete process, but the above content does not belong to the main inventive point of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can add layouts on their own based on the process flow and equipment structure selection, and the present invention does not make special requirements and specific limitations on this.

[0070] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, a hydrogen direct-combustion supercritical carbon dioxide energy storage and power generation device system is provided, wherein the hydrogen direct-combustion supercritical carbon dioxide energy storage and power generation device system comprises a hydrogen production and storage unit, a carbon dioxide energy storage unit and a hydrogen fuel combustion power generation unit; the hydrogen production and storage unit and the carbon dioxide energy storage unit are respectively connected to the hydrogen fuel combustion power generation unit.

[0071] The structural schematic diagram of the hydrogen production and storage unit is as follows Figure 1 shown.

[0072] The hydrogen production and storage unit comprises an electrolyzer 1, a first hydrogen compression device, a first oxygen compression device, a first hydrogen cooling device, a first oxygen cooling device, a hydrogen storage device 9 and an oxygen storage device 10;

[0073] The electrolytic cell 1 is connected to a new energy power supply device.

[0074] The electrolyzer 1 is connected to a first hydrogen compression device and a first oxygen compression device respectively;

[0075] The first hydrogen compression device, the first hydrogen cooling device and the hydrogen storage device 9 are connected in sequence;

[0076] The number of the first hydrogen compression devices is 2, which are named 1# hydrogen compression device 2 and 2# hydrogen compression device 3 respectively;

[0077] The number of the first hydrogen cooling devices is 2, which are named as 1# hydrogen cooling device 11 and 2# hydrogen cooling device 12 respectively;

[0078] The first oxygen compression device, the first oxygen cooling device and the oxygen storage device 10 are connected in sequence;

[0079] The number of the first oxygen compression devices is 2, which are named as 1# oxygen compression device 6 and 2# oxygen compression device 7 respectively;

[0080] The number of the first oxygen cooling devices is two, which are named as 1# oxygen cooling device 14 and 2# oxygen cooling device 15 respectively.

[0081] The structural schematic diagram of the carbon dioxide energy storage unit and the hydrogen fuel combustion power generation unit is as follows Figure 2 shown.

[0082] The carbon dioxide energy storage unit comprises a gaseous carbon dioxide storage device 16, a carbon dioxide compression device, a carbon dioxide cooling device and a liquid carbon dioxide storage device 30 which are connected in sequence;

[0083] The number of the carbon dioxide compression devices is 6, which are respectively named as 1# carbon dioxide compression device 18, 2# carbon dioxide compression device 19, 3# carbon dioxide compression device 20, 4# carbon dioxide compression device 21, 5# carbon dioxide compression device 22 and 6# carbon dioxide compression device 23;

[0084] 1# carbon dioxide compression device 18 is connected to electric motor 17;

[0085] There are six carbon dioxide cooling devices, which are respectively named as 1# carbon dioxide cooling device 24, 2# carbon dioxide cooling device 25, 3# carbon dioxide cooling device 26, 4# carbon dioxide cooling device 27, 5# carbon dioxide cooling device 28 and 6# carbon dioxide cooling device 29.

[0086] The carbon dioxide energy storage unit further includes a cooling device 35, a first heat exchange medium storage device 31, a first circulation pump 32, a second heat exchange medium storage device 33 and a second circulation pump 34;

[0087] The cooling device 35, the first heat exchange medium storage device 31 and the first circulation pump 32 are connected in sequence;

[0088] The first circulation pump 32 is connected to the 5# carbon dioxide cooling device 28, the second heat exchange medium storage device 33 and the second circulation pump 34 in sequence.

[0089] The hydrogen fuel combustion power generation unit comprises a heat recovery device 38, a combustion chamber 39, a turbine 40, an exhaust gas cooling device 42 and a gas-liquid separation device 43 which are connected in sequence;

[0090] The turbine 40 is connected to a generator 41 .

[0091] The gas-liquid separation device 43 is connected to the gaseous carbon dioxide storage device 16 of the carbon dioxide energy storage unit;

[0092] The liquid carbon dioxide storage device 30 is connected to the heat recovery device 38 of the hydrogen fuel combustion power generation unit via the carbon dioxide lifting device 37.

[0093] The hydrogen storage device 9 is connected to the combustion chamber 39 of the hydrogen fuel combustion power generation unit via the second hydrogen compression device and the second hydrogen cooling device;

[0094] The oxygen storage device 10 is connected to the heat recovery device 38 of the hydrogen fuel combustion power generation unit via the second oxygen compression device;

[0095] The number of the second hydrogen compression devices is two, which are respectively named as 3# hydrogen compression device 4 and 4# hydrogen compression device 5. A 3# hydrogen cooling device 13 is also arranged between the 3# hydrogen compression device 4 and the 4# hydrogen compression device 5.

[0096] The liquid carbon dioxide storage device 30 is connected to the second oxygen compression device and the carbon dioxide lifting device 37 respectively;

[0097] The number of the second oxygen compression devices is 2, which are named as 3# oxygen compression device 8 and 4# oxygen compression device 36 respectively.

[0098] The carbon dioxide lifting device 37 is connected to the heat recovery device 38 in two ways.

[0099] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, an operating method of the above-mentioned hydrogen direct-combustion supercritical carbon dioxide energy storage and power generation device system is also provided, and the operating method includes a hydrogen production and storage process, a carbon dioxide energy storage process and a hydrogen fuel combustion power generation process.

[0100] The hydrogen production and storage process includes: purified water enters the electrolytic cell 1 for electrolysis to produce hydrogen, the generated hydrogen passes through the 1# hydrogen compression device 2, the 1# hydrogen cooling device 11, the 2# hydrogen compression device 3, and the 2# hydrogen cooling device 12 in sequence and then enters the hydrogen storage device 9 for storage; the generated oxygen passes through the 1# oxygen compression device 6, the 1# oxygen cooling device 14, the 2# oxygen compression device 7, and the 2# oxygen cooling device 15 and then enters the oxygen storage device 10 for storage;

[0101] The carbon dioxide energy storage process includes: the carbon dioxide in the gaseous carbon dioxide storage device 16 passes through the 1# carbon dioxide compression device 18, the 1# carbon dioxide cooling device 24, the 2# carbon dioxide compression device 19, the 2# carbon dioxide cooling device 25, the 3# carbon dioxide compression device 20, the 3# carbon dioxide cooling device 26, the 4# carbon dioxide compression device 21, the 4# carbon dioxide cooling device 27, the 5# carbon dioxide compression device 22, the 5# carbon dioxide cooling device 28, the 6# carbon dioxide compression device 23, and the 6# carbon dioxide cooling device 29 to form liquid carbon dioxide and enter the liquid carbon dioxide storage device 30 for storage;

[0102] At the same time, the compression heat of the carbon dioxide compression device is partially recovered, and the heat exchange medium in the first heat exchange medium storage device 31 is transported by the first circulation pump 32 into the 5# carbon dioxide cooling device 28 to absorb the compression heat, and then enters the second heat exchange medium storage device 33 for storage.

[0103] The hydrogen fuel combustion power generation process includes: the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device 9 enters the combustion chamber 39 of the hydrogen fuel combustion power generation unit after passing through the 3# hydrogen compression device 4, the 3# hydrogen cooling device 13, and the 4# hydrogen compression device 5;

[0104] The oxygen in the oxygen storage device 10 is pressurized by the 3# oxygen compression device 8 and the 4# oxygen compression device 36, and is mixed with a part of the carbon dioxide at the outlet of the liquid carbon dioxide storage device 30 to become the first gas, which enters the heat recovery device 38 to absorb heat; the other part of the carbon dioxide at the outlet of the liquid carbon dioxide storage device 30 is pressurized to 15MPa by the carbon dioxide lifting device 37; the pressurized carbon dioxide is divided into two paths, respectively named as the second gas and the third gas, both of which enter the heat recovery device to absorb heat;

[0105] The first gas and the second gas are heated and enter the combustion chamber 39, and the third gas is heated and enters the turbine 40 to cool the turbine 40 to prevent it from overheating. At this time, hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide are burned in the combustion chamber 39 to produce flue gas at 1200°C, and the flue gas enters the turbine 40 to expand and do work, and the turbine 40 drives the generator 41 to output electricity.

[0106] The exhaust gas of the turbine 40 enters the heat recovery device 38 to heat the carbon dioxide and oxygen, then enters the exhaust cooling device 42 to cool, enters the gas-liquid separation device 43 to separate the water, and the separated carbon dioxide returns to the gaseous carbon dioxide storage device 16;

[0107] The heat exchange medium that has absorbed the compression heat in the second heat exchange medium storage device 33 enters the heat recovery device 38 through the second circulation pump 34 for heat exchange, and then returns to the first heat exchange medium storage device 31 after being cooled by the cooling device 35 .

[0108] In summary, the hydrogen direct-fired supercritical carbon dioxide energy storage power generation device system provided by the present invention forms a new long-term energy storage technology route for coupling new energy hydrogen production with carbon dioxide energy storage. The device system stores two energy storage media, liquid carbon dioxide and high energy density green hydrogen, to achieve the coupling of physical energy storage and fuel energy storage, and has the technical advantage of ultra-long-term energy storage. The two energy storage media have the advantages of high energy density and small volume under high pressure or liquid state, and are easy to store in pressure vessels. The project site selection is highly flexible and does not rely on natural gas storage geological conditions. It can be used for long-term energy storage solutions for the construction of large new energy bases such as deserts, Gobi, and deserts. The energy storage system has advanced thermal performance, and fully compresses heat storage, turbine exhaust waste heat, supercritical carbon dioxide heating and other processes for thermal coupling. The supercritical carbon dioxide is preheated before entering the combustion chamber to fully absorb the low-parameter heat storage and turbine exhaust heat energy in the energy storage stage, and finally the exhaust heat loss is reduced, and the overall system thermal efficiency is improved.

[0109] The two energy storage methods of the present invention can be put into operation in different time periods or simultaneously, which can realize ultra-long-term energy storage or improve the power generation and consumption capacity of new energy in a fixed period of time; the system working pressure and combustion chamber temperature are optimized compared with the existing technology, which reduces the difficulty of designing and manufacturing key equipment such as high-temperature and high-pressure heat exchangers, combustion chambers, turbines, etc. in the system, which is beneficial to system investment cost reduction and safety; the system electricity-hydrogen-electricity efficiency is significantly improved compared with the existing hydrogen gas turbine power generation cycle; the two energy storage media hydrogen and carbon dioxide use new energy abandoned electricity or grid off-peak electricity as energy input for energy storage, realizing the separation of energy consumption time. The system improves the peak shaving and valley filling capability, and the overall operation economy is relatively high.

[0110] The applicant declares that the present invention illustrates the detailed structural features of the present invention through the above-mentioned embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned detailed structural features, that is, it does not mean that the present invention must rely on the above-mentioned detailed structural features to be implemented. Those skilled in the art should understand that any improvement of the present invention, equivalent replacement of the components selected by the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific methods, etc., all fall within the protection scope and disclosure scope of the present invention.

[0111] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the technical concept of the present invention, a variety of simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention, and these simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen direct combustion supercritical carbon dioxide energy storage power generation device system, characterized in that: The hydrogen direct combustion supercritical carbon dioxide energy storage power generation device system includes a hydrogen production and storage unit, a carbon dioxide energy storage unit and a hydrogen fuel combustion power generation unit; the hydrogen production and storage unit and the carbon dioxide energy storage unit are respectively connected to the hydrogen fuel combustion power generation unit.

2. The hydrogen direct combustion supercritical carbon dioxide energy storage power generation device system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The hydrogen production and storage unit comprises an electrolyzer, a first hydrogen compression device, a first oxygen compression device, a first hydrogen cooling device, a first oxygen cooling device, a hydrogen storage device and an oxygen storage device; Preferably, the electrolyzer is connected to a new energy power supply device; Preferably, the electrolyzer is connected to the first hydrogen compression device and the first oxygen compression device respectively; Preferably, the first hydrogen compression device, the first hydrogen cooling device and the hydrogen storage device are connected in sequence; Preferably, the number of the first hydrogen compression devices is at least 2; Preferably, the number of the first hydrogen cooling devices is at least 2; Preferably, the first oxygen compression device, the first oxygen cooling device and the oxygen storage device are connected in sequence; Preferably, the number of the first oxygen compression devices is at least 2; Preferably, the number of the first oxygen cooling devices is at least 2.

3. The hydrogen direct combustion supercritical carbon dioxide energy storage power generation device system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The carbon dioxide energy storage unit comprises a gaseous carbon dioxide storage device, a carbon dioxide compression device, a carbon dioxide cooling device and a liquid carbon dioxide storage device which are connected in sequence; Preferably, the number of the carbon dioxide compression devices is at least 2; Preferably, the first carbon dioxide compression device is connected to an electric motor; Preferably, the number of the carbon dioxide cooling devices is at least 2.

4. The hydrogen direct combustion supercritical carbon dioxide energy storage power generation device system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The carbon dioxide energy storage unit further includes a cooling device, a first heat exchange medium storage device, a first circulation pump, a second heat exchange medium storage device and a second circulation pump; Preferably, the cooling device, the first heat exchange medium storage device and the first circulation pump are connected in sequence; Preferably, the first circulation pump is connected to the carbon dioxide cooling device, the second heat exchange medium storage device and the second circulation pump in sequence.

5. The hydrogen direct combustion supercritical carbon dioxide energy storage power generation device system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The hydrogen fuel combustion power generation unit comprises a heat recovery device, a combustion chamber, a turbine, an exhaust gas cooling device and a gas-liquid separation device which are connected in sequence; Preferably, the turbine is connected to a generator.

6. The hydrogen direct combustion supercritical carbon dioxide energy storage power generation device system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The gas-liquid separation device is connected to the gaseous carbon dioxide storage device of the carbon dioxide energy storage unit; Preferably, the liquid carbon dioxide storage device is connected to the heat recovery device of the hydrogen fuel combustion power generation unit via the carbon dioxide lifting device.

7. The hydrogen direct combustion supercritical carbon dioxide energy storage power generation device system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The hydrogen storage device is connected to the combustion chamber of the hydrogen fuel combustion power generation unit via the second hydrogen compression device and the second hydrogen cooling device; Preferably, the oxygen storage device is connected to the heat recovery device of the hydrogen fuel combustion power generation unit via the second oxygen compression device; Preferably, the liquid carbon dioxide storage device is connected to the second oxygen compression device and the carbon dioxide lifting device respectively; Preferably, the carbon dioxide lifting device is connected to the heat recovery device in two ways.

8. An operating method of a hydrogen direct-fired supercritical carbon dioxide energy storage power generation device system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The operation method includes a hydrogen production and storage process, a carbon dioxide energy storage process and a hydrogen fuel combustion power generation process.

9. The operating method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The hydrogen production and storage process includes: purified water enters the electrolytic cell for electrolysis to produce hydrogen, the generated hydrogen passes through a first hydrogen compression device and a first hydrogen cooling device and then enters a hydrogen storage device for storage; the generated oxygen passes through a first oxygen compression device and a first oxygen cooling device and then enters an oxygen storage device for storage; Preferably, the carbon dioxide energy storage process comprises: the carbon dioxide in the gaseous carbon dioxide storage device is converted into liquid carbon dioxide after passing through a carbon dioxide compression device and a carbon dioxide cooling device and then enters a liquid carbon dioxide storage device for storage; Preferably, the carbon dioxide energy storage process also includes partially recovering the compression heat of the carbon dioxide compression device. The heat exchange medium in the first heat exchange medium storage device is transported into the carbon dioxide cooling device by the first circulation pump to absorb the compression heat, and then enters the second heat exchange medium storage device for storage.

10. The operating method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that: The hydrogen fuel combustion power generation process includes: the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device enters the combustion chamber of the hydrogen fuel combustion power generation unit after passing through the second hydrogen compression device and the second hydrogen cooling device; the oxygen in the oxygen storage device is pressurized by the second oxygen compression device and mixed with a part of the carbon dioxide at the outlet of the liquid carbon dioxide storage device to become the first gas, and enters the heat recovery device to absorb heat; the other part of the carbon dioxide at the outlet of the liquid carbon dioxide storage device is pressurized to 7-20MPa by the carbon dioxide lifting device; the pressurized carbon dioxide is divided into two paths, named as the second gas and the third gas, respectively, and both enter the heat recovery device to absorb heat; the first gas and the second gas are heated and enter the combustion chamber, and the third gas is heated and enters the turbine to cool the turbine to prevent it from overheating; at this time, hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide are burned in the combustion chamber to generate flue gas of 900-1200°C, the flue gas enters the turbine to expand and do work, and the turbine drives the generator to output electricity; the exhaust gas of the turbine enters the heat recovery device to heat the carbon dioxide and oxygen, and then enters the exhaust cooling device in turn to cool, enters the gas-liquid separation device to separate water, and the separated carbon dioxide returns to the gaseous carbon dioxide storage device; Preferably, the hydrogen fuel combustion power generation process also includes: the heat exchange medium that has absorbed compression heat in the second heat exchange medium storage device enters the heat recovery device through the second circulation pump for heat exchange, and then returns to the first heat exchange medium storage device after being cooled by the cooling device.

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