Atmospheric pollutant emission tracing method, device and system

Abstract

The invention provides an atmospheric pollutant emission tracing method, device and system. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring tracer agent observation concentrations and pollutant observation concentrations of a plurality of observation points within a preset time range; determining an atmospheric diffusion coefficient and a ground reflection coefficient of the target Gaussian model based on the tracer agent observation concentrations of the plurality of observation points; generating an initial chromosome population, and respectively determining the fitness of each initial chromosome in the initial chromosome population based on an atmospheric diffusion coefficient, a ground reflection coefficient, the pollutant observation concentrations of the plurality of observation points and a target Gaussian model; and based on the fitness of each initial chromosome, determining a target chromosome population, and based on the target chromosome population, determining an emission source position and / or an emission rate of the target pollutant. According to the embodiment of the invention, the accuracy of air pollutant emission traceability can be effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of pollutant source tracing, and in particular to a method, device and system for tracing the source of atmospheric pollutant emissions. Background Art

[0002] At present, with the increasing demand for air pollution monitoring, air pollutant monitoring is no longer satisfied with concentration measurement, but also requires monitoring of emission rate, emission location, etc. (i.e. pollutant source tracing). However, related technologies are usually based on atmospheric stability classification and empirical formulas to calculate atmospheric diffusion parameters. Since atmospheric stability is difficult to measure in real time, and empirical formulas usually show low accuracy under complex meteorological and underlying surface conditions, the accuracy of atmospheric pollutant emission tracing is low. Based on this, there is currently no good solution for how to improve the accuracy of atmospheric pollutant emission tracing. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, the embodiments of the present invention provide a method, device and system for tracing the source of atmospheric pollutants to solve the problem of low accuracy in tracing the source of atmospheric pollutants in related technologies; that is, the embodiments of the present invention can obtain the atmospheric diffusion coefficient, etc. through the measured inversion of tracer observation concentrations at multiple observation points, which can effectively overcome the dependence of related technologies on environmental conditions, and can dynamically adapt to different meteorological conditions and underlying surface characteristics, significantly improving the accuracy and applicability of the atmospheric diffusion coefficient, etc., and can break through the limitations of related technologies in the application of a single model through the coupling of Gaussian models and evolutionary algorithms (i.e., chromosome population evolution processes), and can be used to realize real-time tracing of atmospheric pollutant emissions, thereby effectively improving the accuracy of tracing the source of atmospheric pollutants.

[0004] According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a method for tracing the source of atmospheric pollutant emissions is provided, the method comprising: Obtaining the observed tracer concentration and pollutant concentration at multiple observation points within a predetermined time range; Determining the atmospheric diffusion coefficient and the ground reflection coefficient of the target Gaussian model based on the tracer observation concentrations at the plurality of observation points; Generate an initial chromosome population, and determine the fitness of each initial chromosome in the initial chromosome population based on the atmospheric diffusion coefficient, the ground reflectance coefficient, the pollutant observation concentrations of the multiple observation points, and the target Gaussian model; Based on the fitness of each of the initial chromosomes, a target chromosome population is determined, and based on the target chromosome population, the emission source location and / or emission rate of the target pollutant is determined.

[0005] According to another aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a device for tracing the source of air pollutant emissions is provided, the device comprising: An acquisition unit, used for acquiring the observed concentration of the tracer and the observed concentration of the pollutant at a plurality of observation points within a predetermined time range; A processing unit, configured to determine an atmospheric diffusion coefficient and a ground reflection coefficient of a target Gaussian model based on the tracer observation concentrations at the plurality of observation points; The processing unit is further used to generate an initial chromosome population, and determine the fitness of each initial chromosome in the initial chromosome population based on the atmospheric diffusion coefficient, the ground reflectance coefficient, the pollutant observation concentrations of the multiple observation points, and the target Gaussian model; The processing unit is also used to determine a target chromosome population based on the fitness of each initial chromosome, and determine the emission source location and / or emission rate of the target pollutant based on the target chromosome population.

[0006] According to another aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, an atmospheric pollutant emission tracing device is provided, which includes a processor and a memory for storing a program, wherein the program includes instructions, which, when executed by the processor, enable the processor to execute the above-mentioned method.

[0007] According to another aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions is provided, wherein the computer instructions are used to enable a computer to execute the above-mentioned method.

[0008] According to another aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a system for measuring atmospheric pollutant emissions is provided, which is applied to a moving vehicle, and the system includes: Sampling tube; A transmission device, fixed to the traveling vehicle, for driving the sampling port of the sampling tube to reciprocate in a vertical direction; A gas analyzer, wherein the gas inlet of the gas analyzer is connected to the gas outlet of the sampling tube, and is used for real-time analysis of the gas collected by the sampling tube to obtain the tracer observation concentration and the pollutant observation concentration at observation points at multiple vertical heights; Such as the atmospheric pollutant emission tracing device mentioned above.

[0009] After obtaining the observed tracer concentration and pollutant concentration at multiple observation points within a predetermined time range, the embodiment of the present invention can determine the atmospheric diffusion coefficient and ground reflectance coefficient of the target Gaussian model based on the observed tracer concentration at multiple observation points. Then, an initial chromosome population can be generated, and the fitness of each initial chromosome in the initial chromosome population can be determined based on the atmospheric diffusion coefficient, the ground reflectance coefficient, the observed pollutant concentration at multiple observation points, and the target Gaussian model. Further, the target chromosome population can be determined based on the fitness of each initial chromosome, and the emission source location and / or emission rate of the target pollutant can be determined based on the target chromosome population. It can be seen that the embodiments of the present invention can obtain the atmospheric diffusion coefficient, etc. through the measured inversion of tracer observation concentrations at multiple observation points, which can effectively overcome the dependence of related technologies on environmental conditions, and can dynamically adapt to different meteorological conditions and underlying surface characteristics, significantly improving the accuracy and applicability of the atmospheric diffusion coefficient, etc., and can break through the limitations of related technologies in the application of a single model through the coupling of a Gaussian model and an evolutionary algorithm (i.e., the chromosome population evolution process), and can be used to realize real-time emission tracing of atmospheric pollutants, thereby effectively improving the accuracy of tracing the emission of atmospheric pollutants; based on this, the embodiments of the present invention provide a more accurate source emission quantitative positioning solution. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Further details, features and advantages of the invention are disclosed in the following description of exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of a method for tracing the source of air pollutant emissions according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a system for measuring atmospheric pollutant emissions according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a data acquisition device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing another data acquisition device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 5 A schematic flow chart of another method for tracing the source of air pollutant emissions according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 6 A schematic block diagram of an atmospheric pollutant emission source tracing device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 7 A block diagram of an exemplary electronic device that can be used to implement an embodiment of the present invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0011] Embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although certain embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments described herein, which are instead provided for a more thorough and complete understanding of the present invention. It should be understood that the drawings and embodiments of the present invention are only for exemplary purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0012] It should be understood that the various steps described in the method embodiments of the present invention may be performed in different orders and / or in parallel. In addition, the method embodiments may include additional steps and / or omit the steps shown. The scope of the present invention is not limited in this respect.

[0013] The term "including" and its variations used in this document are open inclusions, that is, "including but not limited to". The term "based on" means "based at least in part on". The term "one embodiment" means "at least one embodiment"; the term "another embodiment" means "at least one other embodiment"; the term "some embodiments" means "at least some embodiments". Relevant definitions of other terms will be given in the following description. It should be noted that the concepts of "first", "second", etc. mentioned in the present invention are only used to distinguish different devices, modules or units, and are not used to limit the order or interdependence of the functions performed by these devices, modules or units.

[0014] It should be noted that the modifications of "one" and "plurality" mentioned in the present invention are illustrative rather than restrictive, and those skilled in the art should understand that, unless otherwise clearly indicated in the context, it should be understood as "one or more".

[0015] The names of the messages or information exchanged between multiple devices in the embodiments of the present invention are only used for illustrative purposes, and are not used to limit the scope of these messages or information.

[0016] It should be noted that the execution subject of the atmospheric pollutant emission tracing method provided in the embodiment of the present invention may be an atmospheric pollutant emission tracing device, and the atmospheric pollutant emission tracing device may include one or more electronic devices, that is, the atmospheric pollutant emission tracing method provided in the embodiment of the present invention may be executed by one or more electronic devices constituting the atmospheric pollutant emission tracing device, and the present invention does not limit this; wherein, the electronic device may be a terminal (i.e., a client) or a server, then when the execution subject includes multiple electronic devices, and the multiple electronic devices include at least one terminal and at least one server, the atmospheric pollutant emission tracing method provided in the embodiment of the present invention may be jointly executed by the terminal and the server. Accordingly, the terminal mentioned here may include but is not limited to: a smart phone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a desktop computer, and the like; the server mentioned here may be an independent physical server, or a server cluster or distributed system composed of multiple physical servers, or a cloud server that provides cloud services, cloud databases, cloud computing, cloud functions, cloud storage, network services, cloud communications, middleware services, domain name services, security services, CDN (Content Delivery Network), and basic cloud computing services such as big data and artificial intelligence platforms, and the like.

[0017] Based on the above description, an embodiment of the present invention proposes a method for tracing the source of air pollutant emissions. The method for tracing the source of air pollutant emissions can be executed by the above-mentioned air pollutant emission tracing device, that is, it can be executed by one or more electronic devices constituting the air pollutant emission tracing device; Figure 1 As shown, the atmospheric pollutant emission tracing method may include the following steps S101-S104: S101, obtaining tracer observation concentrations and pollutant observation concentrations at multiple observation points within a predetermined time range.

[0018] Optionally, the predetermined time range may be any time range, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Among them, the tracer observation concentration of multiple observation points may include the tracer observation concentration at each observation point among the multiple observation points, and the pollutant observation concentration of multiple observation points may include the pollutant observation concentration at each observation point among the multiple observation points; the tracer observation concentration at one observation point may be the observed concentration of the tracer at the corresponding observation point, and the pollutant observation concentration at one observation point may be the observed concentration of the target pollutant at the corresponding observation point (i.e., the pollutant observation concentration). Optionally, the multiple observation points may be observation points at each observation time among multiple observation times within a predetermined time range, i.e., one observation point may be an observation position at one observation time (i.e., the coordinates of the observation point); illustratively, the coordinates of one observation point may be expressed as (x t ,y t ,z t ), t can be a time index, t∈[t1,t2,…,t s ], s may represent the number of observation points in a plurality of observation points (i.e., the number of observation moments), and a value of t may be an observation moment (e.g., observation moment t1). Optionally, the tracer may be any inert gas, such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), etc., which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention. Optionally, the target pollutant may be any pollutant, such as volatile organic compounds or carbon monoxide, etc., which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Optionally, the tracer observation concentration and pollutant observation concentration of multiple observation points within a predetermined time range can be measured by a system for measuring atmospheric pollutant emissions. In this case, the atmospheric pollutant emission source tracing device can obtain the tracer observation concentration and pollutant observation concentration of multiple observation points within a predetermined time range from the system for measuring atmospheric pollutant emissions; wherein, the system for measuring atmospheric pollutant emissions can be applied to a traveling vehicle. Optionally, the atmospheric pollutant emission source tracing device used to execute the atmospheric pollutant emission source tracing method can also be located in the system for measuring atmospheric pollutant emissions; optionally, when the atmospheric pollutant emission source tracing device used to execute the atmospheric pollutant emission source tracing method is located in the system for measuring atmospheric pollutant emissions, the atmospheric pollutant emission source tracing device used to execute the atmospheric pollutant emission source tracing method can be the same device as the host computer described below, or can be a different device, and this is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention. Optionally, the embodiment of the present invention can also refer to the system for measuring atmospheric pollutant emissions as a multi-height continuous sampling system suitable for a traveling vehicle.

[0021] Based on this, Figure 2As shown, the system for measuring atmospheric pollutant emissions may include a data acquisition device 201 and an atmospheric pollutant emission tracing device 202 (that is, it may include an atmospheric pollutant emission tracing device). The data acquisition device 201 may be applied to a moving vehicle, so that the system for measuring atmospheric pollutant emissions may be applied to a moving vehicle; accordingly, the embodiment of the present invention may collect tracer observation concentrations and pollutant observation concentrations at multiple observation points within a predetermined time range through the data acquisition device 201, so that the atmospheric pollutant emission tracing device 202 may obtain the tracer observation concentrations and pollutant observation concentrations at multiple observation points within a predetermined time range, such as the atmospheric pollutant emission tracing device 202 may obtain the tracer observation concentrations and pollutant observation concentrations at multiple observation points within a predetermined time range from the data acquisition device 201, and then perform atmospheric pollutant emission tracing.

[0022] Among them, for the data acquisition device, the data acquisition device involved in the prior art usually connects one end of the sampling tube to the in-vehicle concentration analyzer, and the other end is divided into five paths connected to five two-way solenoid valves respectively. The other end of each solenoid valve is connected to a sampling tube extending to the outside, fixed at five different heights, and the concentration data at different heights are measured by switching different pipelines, such as Figure 3 As shown. In this case, multi-height sampling is usually achieved by switching sampling tubes fixed at different heights, which results in only one tube being sampled at a time, and other pipelines are not sampling. When switching to another sampling tube, there is residual gas in the tube. The concentration data obtained by these gas samples entering the instrument needs to be deleted, resulting in a loss of data volume. In addition, due to the fixed sampling height, when the release point of the pollution source is close to the UAV, the plume range is small and may pass through two adjacent heights, thus failing to be measured. In addition, due to the large number of pipelines, there are many miter joints, such as five double-pass electromagnetics have 10 joints, which are prone to gas leakage.

[0023] For this, the data acquisition device mentioned in the embodiment of the present invention (i.e., the data acquisition device in the system for measuring the emission of atmospheric pollutants) may include but is not limited to a transmission device, a sampling tube and a gas analyzer (i.e., the system for measuring the emission of atmospheric pollutants may include but is not limited to a transmission device, a sampling tube and a gas analyzer), etc., and the embodiment of the present invention does not limit this. Among them, the transmission device can be fixed to the traveling vehicle, and is used to drive the sampling port of the sampling tube to reciprocate in the vertical direction, that is, the sampling port can be fixed on the transmission device so that the sampling port reciprocates up and down with the transmission of the transmission device; the air inlet of the gas analyzer is connected to the air outlet of the sampling tube, and is used to analyze the gas collected by the sampling tube in real time to obtain the tracer observation concentration and the pollutant observation concentration of the observation points at multiple vertical heights. The vertical heights of different observation points (i.e., the Z coordinate (i.e., the coordinate value in the Z-axis direction)) can be the same or different, and the embodiment of the present invention does not limit this. Optionally, the data acquisition device may also include a sampling rod for fixing the transmission device so that the transmission device is fixed on the traveling vehicle. Based on this, the embodiment of the present invention can obtain the spatial concentration distribution of pollutants at different heights through the reciprocating motion of the sampling port at different heights, thereby combining meteorological data and mass balance method to invert the pollutant emission rate, etc.

[0024] Optionally, the system for measuring the emission of atmospheric pollutants may also include (that is, the data acquisition device in the system for measuring the emission of atmospheric pollutants may also include) a position detection sensor and a control device (such as a stepper motor and a controller, etc.). The position detection sensor may be used to generate a position indication signal; optionally, the position detection sensor may be used to generate a position indication signal when the sampling port moves to a predetermined vertical height. Correspondingly, the control device may be used to control the movement speed of the transmission device; wherein the movement speed and the position indication signal may be used to determine the vertical height of the sampling port at each observation time. Optionally, the position detection sensor may include a light shielding sheet and a photoelectric switch, and the light shielding sheet may be driven by the transmission device to reciprocate in the vertical direction; the photoelectric switch may be fixed at a predetermined vertical height (that is, the photoelectric switch may be fixed at a specified position of the sampling rod so that the photoelectric switch may be fixed at the above-mentioned predetermined vertical height), and may be used to generate a position indication signal when the light shielding sheet moves to a predetermined vertical height; based on this, the photoelectric switch and the light shielding sheet are used to measure the vertical height of the sampling port at any observation time. Optionally, the position detection sensor may also include a host computer, which may continuously send commands to query the electrical signal of the photoelectric switch (i.e., the position indication signal), so as to determine the vertical height (i.e., the height from the ground) of the sampling port at each observation time based on the movement speed and the position indication signal, and so on; based on this, the position detection sensor may be used to measure the vertical height of the sampling port at any observation time. Optionally, the predetermined vertical height and the designated position may be set according to experience or according to actual needs, and the embodiment of the present invention does not limit this. Optionally, the shading sheet may be fixed at the same position of the transmission device as the sampling port (i.e., it may be located at the same vertical height), or may be close to the sampling port, i.e., the shading sheet may be located at a position close to the sampling port, so that the photoelectric switch may generate a position indication signal when the shading sheet moves to the predetermined vertical height to realize that the detection sensor device generates a position indication signal when the sampling port moves to the predetermined vertical height, i.e., the detection sensor device generates a position indication signal when the sampling port moves to the predetermined vertical height, which may be realized by the photoelectric switch generating a position indication signal when the shading sheet moves to the predetermined vertical height. Optionally, in other embodiments, the distance between the shading plate and the sampling port may also be a preset distance. In this case, the photoelectric switch may generate a position indication signal when the shading plate moves to a predetermined vertical height to realize the detection sensor device generating a position indication signal. The position indication signal generated by the photoelectric switch when the shading plate moves to the predetermined vertical height can be used to indicate the vertical height of the shading plate; optionally, the preset distance may be set according to experience or according to actual needs, and the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this; in this case, the vertical height of the sampling port at each observation moment may be determined by the movement speed, the position indication signal and the preset distance, and so on.

[0025] Optionally, the system for measuring the emission of atmospheric pollutants may also include, but is not limited to, sampling rods, compasses, positioning systems (such as GPS (Global Positioning System) or RTK (Real-time kinematic, real-time dynamic carrier phase differential technology, a novel and widely used GPS measurement method), accelerometers, attitude sensors, battery packs, relays, etc.; the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this. Optionally, the transmission device may include, but is not limited to, a transmission belt (such as a belt) and a transmission pulley (such as a belt pulley), etc., and the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this; in this case, a component (such as a sampling port or a shading sheet, etc.) fixed on the transmission device may refer to the component being fixed on the transmission belt of the transmission device. Optionally, the gas analyzer may include a tracer concentration analyzer and a pollutant concentration analyzer, etc., and the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.

[0026] Exemplarily, the data sampling device involved in the embodiment of the present invention can be as follows: Figure 4As shown, an aluminum rod (such as a 4040 aluminum rod, etc.) with a length of about 3m (meters) can be horizontally fixed on the top of the vehicle (i.e., the traveling vehicle), and a three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer (for measuring wind speed data) can be fixed at one end of the front of the vehicle; at the same time, a sampling rod (such as a 3030 aluminum rod, etc.) can be fixed with a crossbar, and the sampling rod can be about 6m long and fixed vertically to the ground at the front of the vehicle. Among them, the sampling rod can be used to fix the transmission device, and the transmission device can be a belt transmission system (i.e., transmission device) controlled by a stepper motor; the transmission belt pulley at one end can be fixed to the stepper motor, and then the stepper motor can be fixed to the top of the sampling rod, and the bearing and another belt pulley can be fixed at the bottom end of the sampling rod, and then the belt can be fixed to the belt pulley. Optionally, one end of a sampling tube with an outer diameter of 1 / 8 inch can be fixed to the belt, and the other end can be connected to the pollutant detector (i.e., gas analyzer) in the vehicle. Based on this, the embodiment of the present invention can use a controller to control the rotation speed, number of revolutions, and forward and reverse rotation time of the stepper motor, so as to control the rotation of the belt pulley by controlling the stepper motor, and realize the up and down reciprocating motion of the belt), thereby realizing the up and down reciprocating motion of the sampling port (that is, the end of the sampling tube) on the sampling rod (that is, up and down reciprocating motion on the belt), and the sampling port can be realized. Reciprocating up and down motion of the sampling port along with the transmission of the transmission device. Optionally, a sunshade can be fixed near the sampling port; a photoelectric switch can be fixed in the lower middle of the sampling rod, 2.5 meters away from the lower end of the sampling rod (that is, the designated position of the sampling rod mentioned above can refer to 2.5 meters away from the lower end of the sampling rod); accordingly, during the sampling process, the sampling port and the sunshade fixed on the belt can be driven by a stepper motor to reciprocate up and down, and the photoelectric switch is connected to the serial port relay in the vehicle, and the serial port relay is connected to the host computer (such as a laptop). Every time the sunshade passes the photoelectric switch position, an electrical signal is generated. The host computer continuously sends commands to query the photoelectric switch electrical signal (that is, the position indication signal) to determine the time when the sunshade passes the photoelectric switch position, thereby calculating the vertical height of the sampling port at each moment. Optionally, the roof can also be equipped with a compass, a positioning system (GPS or RTK) and an accelerometer, etc., to measure the vehicle's location information, driving speed, and vehicle inclination state. It should be noted that Figure 4 The data sampling device in the system for measuring the emission of atmospheric pollutants mentioned in the embodiment of the present invention is merely represented by way of example, and the embodiment of the present invention does not limit this; for example, the length of the aluminum rod horizontally fixed on the roof may also be about 4m; for another example, the length of the sampling rod may also be about 7m, and so on.

[0027] Based on this, the embodiment of the present invention can establish a continuous sliding sampling system through a system for measuring atmospheric pollutant emissions, which can avoid data loss caused by switching multiple sampling tubes in related technologies (for example, it can effectively avoid the situation where the smoke plume is small and may pass through two adjacent heights and cannot be measured when the release point close to the pollution source is close to the traveling vehicle due to the fixed sampling height), and realize continuous measurement in the vertical direction; and the embodiment of the present invention does not require multiple sampling tubes, which can effectively avoid the potential leakage risk caused by the large number of joints in the multiple sampling tube solution.

[0028] Optionally, the tracer observation concentrations and pollutant observation concentrations of multiple observation points may be data acquired in the target area, in which case the target area may be used as a pollutant emission source tracing area; optionally, the target area may be any area, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0029] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, a rectangular coordinate system can be established with the southwest corner (i.e., the lower right corner) of the target area as the coordinate origin, the east direction as the X axis, the north direction as the Y axis, and the direction perpendicular to the ground as the Z axis; based on this, the target area can be divided into three-dimensional grid units of the same size, m, n, and p can represent the number of grids in the X, Y, and Z directions respectively, then the coordinates of the grids in the target area (i.e., grid coordinates) can be expressed as (x i ,y j ,z k ), where i, j, k are position indexes, i∈[1,m], j∈[1,n], k∈[1,p]. In an embodiment of the present invention, a grid coordinate may be the coordinate of the lower left corner point of a grid; optionally, in other embodiments, a grid coordinate may also be the coordinate of the center point of a grid, etc., which is not limited in the present invention.

[0030] Optionally, in the embodiment of the present invention, the tracer gas cylinder can be placed at any position in the target area, and the tracer gas (i.e., the tracer) can be released in a controlled manner (i.e., the release intensity of the tracer can be controlled for release). The tracer gas release port (i.e., the position of the tracer gas cylinder) can be an emission port position (i.e., the emission source position). An emission source position can be expressed as (x T ,y T ,z T ) (i.e., they represent the coordinate values ​​of an emission outlet on the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis respectively, and the coordinate value of an emission outlet on the Z-axis may be the height of the corresponding emission outlet from the ground (i.e., the vertical height)). Optionally, a vehicle-mounted mobile platform is equipped with a tracer concentration analyzer, a pollutant concentration analyzer, and a meteorological measuring instrument to navigate on the downwind road of the target area, and observe the tracer concentration, target pollutant concentration, wind speed and direction, etc. in real time, so as to obtain the observation data at each observation point (such as the tracer observation concentration, the pollutant observation concentration, etc.), and each observation point may be located in the target area.

[0031] S102, determining the atmospheric diffusion coefficient and the ground reflection coefficient of the target Gaussian model based on the tracer observation concentrations at multiple observation points.

[0032] Optionally, in the embodiment of the present invention, the emission source position is the coordinate origin, the direction of the wind direction axis is the X' axis, the horizontal direction perpendicular to the wind direction axis is the Y' axis, and the direction perpendicular to the ground is the Z' axis to establish a target Gaussian model; in the embodiment of the present invention, the target Gaussian model can be shown as formula 1.1: Formula 1.1 Where C(x',y',z') can be the tracer concentration or pollutant concentration at the downwind coordinate (x',y',z'), C b (x', y', z') can be the background concentration of the tracer or the target pollutant (that is, it can be the background value of the tracer concentration or the background value of the pollutant concentration, that is, it can be the background value of the concentration corresponding to the observation point corresponding to the coordinate (x', y', z'), that is, the background concentration value at the observation time of the corresponding observation point), Q can be the tracer release intensity or the emission intensity of the pollution source, can be the average wind speed during the observation period, H can be the height from the tracer release port or the pollution source discharge port to the ground (i.e. the vertical height of the discharge port), and They can be the horizontal and vertical diffusion standard deviations, a, b, c, d can be the atmospheric diffusion coefficients, and α can be the ground reflection coefficient. Optionally, the atmospheric pollutant emission tracing equipment can also obtain meteorological data at each observation point (including but not limited to wind speed, wind direction, etc.), so as to determine the average wind speed within a predetermined time range based on the meteorological data at each observation point, and then substitute it into the target Gaussian model for calculation.

[0033] Optionally, the atmospheric pollutant emission tracing device can iteratively solve the atmospheric diffusion coefficients a, b, c, d and the ground reflection coefficient based on the Gaussian model (i.e. the above-mentioned target Gaussian model) by the least squares method according to the tracer release intensity (i.e. the tracer emission rate), the observed tracer concentrations at multiple observation points, wind speed, wind direction and the tracer concentration background value sequence; that is, the atmospheric diffusion coefficient and the ground reflection coefficient can be iteratively solved by the least squares method based on the tracer release intensity, the observed tracer concentrations at multiple observation points, i.e. the tracer concentration background value sequence (which may include the tracer concentration background values ​​corresponding to each observation point), wind speed, wind direction and the target Gaussian model, thereby determining the atmospheric diffusion coefficient and the ground reflection coefficient of the target Gaussian model to achieve the above-mentioned tracer observation concentrations based on multiple observation points, and at this time, the position of the tracer gas cylinder can be used as the emission port position to be substituted into the target Gaussian model for calculation. Optionally, the tracer release intensity may be set according to experience or according to actual needs, and the embodiment of the present invention does not limit this; that is, the embodiment of the present invention may control the release of the tracer (i.e., tracer gas) from the tracer gas cylinder according to the tracer release intensity. Exemplarily, the tracer release intensity, the tracer concentration background value corresponding to each observation point, the average wind speed, the coordinates of each observation point, and the position of the tracer gas cylinder (i.e., the tracer release port) may be substituted into the target Gaussian model to determine the calculated tracer concentration at each observation point, thereby determining the tracer concentration loss value based on the calculated tracer concentration and the observed tracer concentration at each observation point to optimize the atmospheric diffusion coefficient and the ground reflection coefficient of the target Gaussian model, thereby finally determining the atmospheric diffusion coefficient and the ground reflection coefficient of the target Gaussian model. Based on this, the embodiment of the present invention may fit the relationship between the tracer release intensity and the downwind monitoring concentration by the least squares method, thereby inverting the atmospheric diffusion coefficient in real time, etc., to obtain the atmospheric diffusion coefficient with higher accuracy, etc.

[0034] Optionally, assuming that the wind direction is θ, which is the angle between the wind vector and the true north direction; then the calculation of x', y' and z' in the target Gaussian model can be as shown in formula 1.2, that is, the calculation of the coordinates (x', y', z') can be as shown in formula 1.2: Formula 1.2 Among them, (x t ,y t ,z t ) can be the coordinates of any observation point, (x T ,y T ,z T) can be any emission source location (such as the location of the tracer gas bottle mentioned above), and the coordinates (x', y', z') can correspond to the observation point coordinates one by one; optionally, θ can be the wind direction at any observation point. Based on this, Formula 1.2 can be substituted into Formula 1.1 for calculation.

[0035] Optionally, the atmospheric pollutant emission tracing device can also determine the tracer concentration background value sequence based on the tracer observation concentrations of multiple observation points. Optionally, the atmospheric pollutant emission tracing device can arrange the tracer observation concentrations of multiple observation points in order from small to large, obtain the tracer observation concentration sorting result, and select the first M tracer observation concentrations (i.e., concentration values) from the tracer observation concentration sorting result, thereby determining the tracer concentration background value sequence to be adjusted according to the first M tracer observation concentrations, and then linearly interpolating the tracer concentration background value sequence to be adjusted to obtain the interpolated tracer concentration background value sequence. Optionally, the atmospheric pollutant emission tracing device can also perform sliding average on the interpolated tracer concentration background value sequence to obtain the tracer concentration background value sequence, so as to smooth the tracer concentration background value sequence, so as to make the tracer concentration background value sequence closer to the actual concentration background situation, so as to improve the accuracy of the background sequence; or, the interpolated tracer concentration background value sequence can also be used as the tracer concentration background value sequence, and so on; the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this.

[0036] Optionally, the value of M may be set according to experience or actual needs, or may be determined according to a preset percentage of observation points (e.g., when the preset percentage of observation points is 3%, the value of M may be 3% of the number of observations), etc.; this is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention. Optionally, the preset percentage of observation points may be set according to experience or actual needs, and this is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention. Optionally, when determining the background value sequence of tracer concentration to be adjusted according to the first M tracer observation concentrations, the tracer concentration background value corresponding to each observation point may be determined from the M tracer observation concentrations (the background value corresponding to an observation point may be the background value at the observation moment of the corresponding observation point), that is, the background value points in the time series may be extracted from the M tracer observation concentrations (the time series includes each observation moment in sequence, an observation moment is the observation moment of an observation point, that is, one observation point corresponds to one observation moment, and each observation point is in accordance with the time sequence constituted by the corresponding observation moment). sequence); that is, for any observation point among the multiple observation points, if there is an observed tracer concentration at any observation point among the M observed tracer concentrations, the observed tracer concentration at any observation point can be used as the tracer concentration background value corresponding to any observation point; if there is no observed tracer concentration at any observation point among the M observed tracer concentrations, the tracer concentration background value corresponding to any observation point can be empty (that is, the tracer concentration background value at the time point (that is, the observation moment) of any observation point is missing), so that the tracer concentration background value sequence to be adjusted can be determined.

[0037] Optionally, when performing a sliding average on the interpolated tracer concentration background value sequence to obtain the tracer concentration background value sequence, the atmospheric pollutant emission source tracing device may use Formula 1.3 to perform a sliding average on the interpolated tracer concentration background value sequence: Formula 1.3 Wherein, w∈[v / 2+1,sv / 2] in formula 1.3, s is the number of observation points (i.e. the number of observation moments or time points), C b (t w ) can represent the observation time t w The smoothed background value at the observation time t w The tracer concentration background value at ), C bl (t r ) can be the observation time t r The interpolated background value at time t (e.g., the interpolated tracer concentration background value sequence at observation time t r The tracer concentration background value at ), v can be a sliding average window; where C bl(t) may represent a sequence of interpolated tracer concentration background values ​​(such as a sequence of interpolated tracer concentration background values ​​or a sequence of interpolated pollutant concentration background values). Optionally, the sliding average window may be set according to experience or actual needs, which is not limited in the present embodiment; illustratively, v may be a positive integer, and / or the value of v may be any even number, etc. Optionally, when the value of w is less than v / 2+1, or greater than sv / 2, the observation time t w The smoothed background value at the observation time t w The interpolated background value at ; or, when the value of w is less than v / 2+1, the observation time t w The smoothed background value at can be the mean of the interpolated background values ​​at the previous v / 2 observation times. When the value of w is greater than sv / 2, the observation time t w The smoothed background value at may be the mean value between the interpolated background values ​​at the next v / 2 observation moments, and so on; the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this. Based on this, the background value at a coordinate may correspond to the background value at the corresponding observation moment, so that when the concentration value at any observation point is calculated by the target Gaussian model, the concentration background value at the observation moment at which the observation point is located may be substituted for calculation, and so on.

[0038] Correspondingly, the atmospheric pollutant emission tracing device can also determine the pollutant concentration background value sequence based on the pollutant observation concentrations of multiple observation points, and the pollutant concentration background value sequence may include the target pollutant concentration background value corresponding to each observation point. Optionally, the atmospheric pollutant emission tracing device can arrange the pollutant observation concentrations of multiple observation points in order from small to large, obtain the pollutant observation concentration sorting result, and select the first M pollutant observation concentrations from the pollutant observation concentration sorting result, so as to determine the pollutant concentration background value sequence to be adjusted according to the first M pollutant observation concentrations, and then perform linear interpolation on the pollutant concentration background value sequence to be adjusted to obtain the interpolated pollutant concentration background value sequence. Optionally, the atmospheric pollutant emission tracing device can also perform sliding average on the interpolated pollutant concentration background value sequence to obtain the pollutant concentration background value sequence, so as to smooth the pollutant concentration background value sequence, so as to make the pollutant concentration background value sequence closer to the actual concentration background situation, so as to improve the accuracy of the background sequence; or, the pollutant concentration background value sequence after interpolation can also be used as the pollutant concentration background value sequence, and so on; the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this. It should be understood that the method for determining the pollutant concentration background value sequence may be the same as the method for determining the tracer concentration background value sequence, and the embodiments of the present invention will not be described in detail herein.

[0039] S103, generating an initial chromosome population, and determining the fitness of each initial chromosome in the initial chromosome population based on the atmospheric diffusion coefficient, the ground reflectance coefficient, the observed concentration of pollutants at multiple observation points, and the target Gaussian model.

[0040] Optionally, a chromosome (also referred to as an individual) includes an emission source position and an emission rate, and an emission source position includes coordinate values ​​in each of a plurality of position coordinate directions. Optionally, the number of chromosomes in a chromosome population may be N, where N is a positive integer; that is, a chromosome population may include the emission source position and emission rate of each of the N chromosomes. Optionally, assuming that a position coordinate direction and an emission rate (i.e., emission intensity) may be a gene of a chromosome respectively, then when a plurality of position coordinate directions include the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction, a chromosome may include 4 genes, and then a chromosome may be represented as [x i ,y j ,z k ,Q]; where x i ,y j ,z k It can represent the location of the emission source, and Q can represent the emission rate. Optionally, the value of N can be the product of the preset number of chromosomes and the number of genes (for example, when the preset number of chromosomes is 50, N can be 50×D, where D is the number of genes (such as 4)), or it can be set according to experience or actual needs, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention. Optionally, the preset number of chromosomes can be set according to experience or actual needs, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Optionally, when generating the initial chromosome population, the atmospheric pollutant emission tracing device can determine the chromosome coordinate generation range in each position coordinate direction, and generate the coordinate value of each chromosome in each position coordinate direction in accordance with the chromosome coordinate generation range in each position coordinate direction, so as to determine the coordinate value of each chromosome in each position coordinate direction; accordingly, the chromosome emission rate generation range can be determined, and the emission rate of each chromosome can be generated in accordance with the chromosome emission rate generation range, so as to obtain N chromosomes, and the initial value of N chromosomes can be obtained; further, each chromosome can be used as an initial chromosome to generate the initial chromosome population. Optionally, the chromosome coordinate generation range in a position coordinate direction can be the area range of the target area in the corresponding position coordinate direction, or it can be a discrete variable composed of the coordinate values ​​of each grid in the target area in the corresponding position coordinate, etc., which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention; illustratively, the chromosome coordinate generation range in a position coordinate direction is a discrete variable composed of the coordinate values ​​of each grid in the target area in the corresponding position coordinate as an example for explanation, the x in a chromosome i It can be a function of discrete variables [x1, x2, …, x m ] is randomly extracted once to generate the first gene in the chromosome (that is, the chromosome generation range in the X-axis direction can be [x1, x2, …, x m ]), y in a chromosome j It can be a discrete variable [y1,y2,…,y n ] to generate the second gene in the chromosome (that is, the chromosome generation range in the Y-axis direction can be [y1, y2, ..., y n ]), z in a chromosome k It can be a discrete variable [z1,z2,…,z p ] to generate the third gene in the chromosome (that is, the chromosome generation range in the Z-axis direction can be [z1, z2, …, z p ]).

[0042] Optionally, when determining the range of chromosome emission rate generation, the atmospheric pollutant emission source tracing device can determine the location of the pending emission source, and determine the pollutant concentration background value sequence; and determine the emission rate reference value based on the location of the pending emission source, the pollutant observation concentrations at multiple observation points, the pollutant concentration background value sequence and the target Gaussian model; thereby determining the chromosome emission rate generation range based on the emission rate reference value. Optionally, the location of the pending emission source can be the grid center point coordinates of any grid in the target area, or any grid coordinates, etc., which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention. Based on this, the atmospheric pollutant emission source tracing equipment can determine the emission rate reference value based on the location of the emission source to be determined, the observed pollutant concentrations of multiple observation points, the pollutant concentration background value sequence, the target Gaussian model, the atmospheric diffusion coefficient and the ground reflection coefficient; illustratively, the pollutant observed concentration and the corresponding pollutant concentration background value at at least one observation point can be determined from the pollutant observed concentrations and the pollutant concentration background value sequence at multiple observation points; the location of the emission source to be determined is substituted into the target Gaussian model as the emission source location, and the atmospheric diffusion coefficient, the ground reflection coefficient, the observed pollutant concentration at at least one observation point and the corresponding pollutant concentration background value are substituted into the target Gaussian model to obtain the calculated pollutant emission rate corresponding to each observation point in at least one observation point, thereby determining the emission rate reference value based on the calculated pollutant emission rate corresponding to each observation point in at least one observation point; optionally, at least one observation point can be any observation point among the multiple observation points. Optionally, the atmospheric pollutant emission source tracing device may determine the maximum pollutant calculated emission rate from the pollutant calculated emission rate corresponding to each observation point in at least one observation point, and use the maximum pollutant calculated emission rate as the emission rate reference value; or, the average of the pollutant calculated emission rates corresponding to each observation point in at least one observation point may be used as the emission rate reference value, and so on; the embodiment of the present invention does not limit this. Optionally, the emission rate reference value may also be set according to experience or actual needs, and the embodiment of the present invention does not limit this.

[0043] Optionally, when determining the chromosome emission rate generation range based on the emission rate reference value, the product between the first preset value and the emission rate reference value and the product between the second preset value and the emission rate reference value can be used to determine the chromosome emission rate generation range; Optionally, the first preset value and the second preset value can be set according to experience or according to actual needs, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention. For example, assuming that the first preset value is 0.1 and the second preset value is 10, then the chromosome emission rate generation range can be [0.1×Q e ,10×Q e ]; Based on this, Q in a chromosome can be obtained from the continuous variable [0.1×Q e ,10×Q e] to generate the fourth gene in this chromosome, Q e Can be a reference value for emission rate.

[0044] S104, determining a target chromosome population based on the fitness of each initial chromosome, and determining the emission source location and / or emission rate of the target pollutant based on the target chromosome population.

[0045] Optionally, the number of emission source locations of the target pollutant may be one or more, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention. Optionally, one emission source location of the target pollutant may correspond to one emission rate, that is, one emission rate of the target pollutant may be the emission rate at one emission source location of the target pollutant, and then the number of emission rates of the target pollutant may be one or more, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] After obtaining the observed tracer concentration and pollutant concentration at multiple observation points within a predetermined time range, the embodiment of the present invention can determine the atmospheric diffusion coefficient and ground reflectance coefficient of the target Gaussian model based on the observed tracer concentration at multiple observation points. Then, an initial chromosome population can be generated, and the fitness of each initial chromosome in the initial chromosome population can be determined based on the atmospheric diffusion coefficient, the ground reflectance coefficient, the observed pollutant concentration at multiple observation points, and the target Gaussian model. Further, the target chromosome population can be determined based on the fitness of each initial chromosome, and the emission source location and / or emission rate of the target pollutant can be determined based on the target chromosome population. It can be seen that the embodiments of the present invention can obtain the atmospheric diffusion coefficient, etc. through the measured inversion of tracer observation concentrations at multiple observation points, which can effectively overcome the dependence of related technologies on environmental conditions, and can dynamically adapt to different meteorological conditions and underlying surface characteristics, significantly improving the accuracy and applicability of the atmospheric diffusion coefficient, etc., and can break through the limitations of related technologies in the application of a single model through the coupling of a Gaussian model and an evolutionary algorithm (i.e., the chromosome population evolution process), and can be used to realize real-time emission tracing of atmospheric pollutants, thereby effectively improving the accuracy of tracing the emission of atmospheric pollutants; based on this, the embodiments of the present invention provide a more accurate source emission quantitative positioning solution.

[0047] Based on the above description, the embodiment of the present invention also proposes a more specific method for tracing the source of air pollutant emissions. Accordingly, the method for tracing the source of air pollutant emissions can be executed by the above-mentioned air pollutant emission tracing device, that is, it can be executed by one or more electronic devices constituting the air pollutant emission tracing device; see Figure 5 The method for tracing the source of air pollutant emissions may include the following steps S501-S505: S501, obtaining the tracer observation concentration and the pollutant observation concentration at multiple observation points within a predetermined time range.

[0048] S502, determining the atmospheric diffusion coefficient and ground reflection coefficient of the target Gaussian model based on the tracer observation concentrations at multiple observation points.

[0049] S503, generating an initial chromosome population, and for any initial chromosome in the initial chromosome population, determining the calculated concentration of pollutants at multiple observation points under any initial chromosome based on the atmospheric diffusion coefficient, the ground reflectance coefficient, the target Gaussian model and any initial chromosome.

[0050] Among them, a chromosome includes an emission source position and an emission rate.

[0051] Optionally, when determining the calculated pollutant concentrations of multiple observation points under any initial chromosome based on the atmospheric diffusion coefficient, ground reflection coefficient, target Gaussian model and any initial chromosome, for any observation point among the multiple observation points, the atmospheric pollutant emission source tracing equipment may substitute the atmospheric diffusion coefficient, ground reflection coefficient, any initial chromosome (i.e., the emission source location and emission rate in any initial chromosome), the coordinates of any observation point and the pollutant concentration background value corresponding to any observation point into the target Gaussian model to determine the calculated pollutant concentration of any observation point under any initial chromosome, thereby determining the calculated pollutant concentrations of multiple observation points under any initial chromosome (which may include the calculated pollutant concentrations of each of the multiple observation points under any initial chromosome).

[0052] S504, determining the fitness of any initial chromosome based on the pollutant observation concentrations of the multiple observation points and the pollutant calculation concentrations of the multiple observation points under any initial chromosome, so as to obtain the fitness of each initial chromosome in the initial chromosome population.

[0053] Optionally, the atmospheric pollutant emission tracing device can use Formula 2.1 to determine the fitness of any initial chromosome based on the pollutant observation concentrations at multiple observation points and the pollutant calculation concentrations at multiple observation points under any initial chromosome: Formula 2.1 Among them, C obs (t w ) can be expressed as t w The observed concentration of pollutants at the observation point at time, C mod (t w ) can be expressed as t wThe calculated concentration of pollutants at the observation point at the time under any initial chromosome, the above F can represent the fitness of any initial chromosome. Based on this, the fitness of any initial chromosome can be determined based on the difference between the observed concentration of pollutants at multiple observation points and the calculated concentration of pollutants at multiple observation points under any initial chromosome; in the embodiment of the present invention, the higher the fitness, the closer the calculated concentration is to the observed concentration, which means that the corresponding chromosome is better.

[0054] S505, determining a target chromosome population based on the fitness of each initial chromosome, and determining the emission source location and / or emission rate of the target pollutant based on the target chromosome population.

[0055] Optionally, the atmospheric pollutant emission tracing device may perform population updates on the initial chromosome population based on the fitness of each initial chromosome according to a preset evolutionary strategy to obtain an updated chromosome population, and then determine the target chromosome population based on the updated chromosome population. Optionally, the preset evolutionary strategy may be set according to experience or actual needs, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention; in other words, the embodiment of the present invention may adopt an evolutionary algorithm to perform population updates on the initial chromosome population based on the fitness of each initial chromosome to obtain an updated chromosome population, and the evolutionary algorithm may be any evolutionary algorithm (such as a genetic algorithm, etc.), which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention. For ease of explanation, the following description will take the evolutionary algorithm as a genetic algorithm as an example, and the preset evolutionary strategy may be a preset genetic evolutionary strategy.

[0056] Based on this, when determining the target chromosome population based on the fitness of each initial chromosome, the atmospheric pollutant emission tracing equipment can determine a preset genetic evolution strategy, and according to the preset genetic evolution strategy, based on the fitness of each initial chromosome, perform population update on the initial chromosome population to obtain an updated chromosome population; when the updated chromosome population does not meet the convergence conditions, continue to update the updated chromosome population (i.e. continue to determine the next generation chromosome population) until the convergence conditions are met, and use the updated chromosome population when the convergence conditions are met as the target chromosome population. Optionally, the convergence condition may refer to the average Euclidean distance change between chromosomes being less than a preset distance change threshold (e.g., the average Euclidean distance change between chromosomes may be the average value of the chromosome Euclidean distance between the current updated chromosome population and the previous generation chromosome population, and a chromosome Euclidean distance may be the Euclidean distance between a chromosome in the current updated chromosome population and the corresponding chromosome in the previous generation chromosome population, etc.), or may refer to the optimal fitness improvement in the chromosome population being less than a preset fitness improvement threshold (e.g., the optimal fitness improvement in the chromosome population may be the difference between the optimal fitness (i.e., maximum fitness) of the chromosome in the current updated chromosome population and the optimal fitness of the chromosome in the previous generation chromosome population, and the ratio between the optimal fitness of the chromosome in the previous generation chromosome population, etc.), etc.; the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this. Optionally, both the preset distance change threshold and the preset fitness improvement threshold may be set according to experience or actual needs, and the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this; illustratively, both the preset distance change threshold and the preset fitness improvement threshold may be 1%, etc. Based on this, the atmospheric pollutant emission tracing equipment can repeat the population updating process until the diversity of the chromosome population drops to a certain level (i.e., convergence), and then stop the calculation to obtain the target chromosome population.

[0057] Optionally, the preset genetic evolution strategy may include an elite retention strategy, a gene crossover strategy, a gene mutation strategy, etc., which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention; Optionally, the elite retention strategy, the gene crossover strategy, and the gene mutation strategy can all be set according to experience or actual needs, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention. Optionally, the atmospheric pollutant emission tracing device can sort each initial chromosome in the order of the fitness of each initial chromosome from large to small, obtain the initial chromosome sorting result, and determine the first G initial chromosomes from the initial chromosome sorting result, so as to add the first G initial chromosomes to the next generation chromosome population (i.e., the current updated chromosome population) of the current chromosome population (i.e., the initial chromosome population at this time), that is, the first G initial chromosomes can be retained and directly copied into the next generation, thereby realizing the elite retention strategy. Optionally, the value of G can be the product of the preset elite chromosome percentage and N, or it can be set according to experience or actual needs, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention; Optionally, the preset elite chromosome percentage can be set according to experience or actual needs, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention; Exemplarily, the preset elite chromosome percentage can be 10%, etc.

[0058] Exemplarily, under the gene crossover strategy, the atmospheric pollutant emission tracing device can pair the remaining chromosomes (i.e., the chromosomes in the initial chromosome population except the first G initial chromosomes mentioned above, i.e., the chromosomes in the initial chromosome population except the chromosomes retained by the elite) in pairs according to fitness from large to small, and perform a single-point crossover operation on the genes of each pair of initial chromosomes with a first preset crossover probability (i.e., exchanging any single gene at the same position, such as performing a single-point crossover on the first gene of the initial chromosome pairs [x1, y1, z1, Q1] and [x2, y2, z2, Q2] to obtain offspring [x2, y1, z1, Q1] and [x1, y2, z2, Q2]), obtain two daughter chromosomes for each pair of initial chromosomes, and add the two daughter chromosomes of the initial chromosome pairs that have undergone the single-point crossover to the updated chromosome population (i.e., the current updated chromosome population); then, in the remaining chromosome pairs that have not undergone the single-point crossover, a two-point crossover operation can be performed on the genes of each pair of initial chromosomes with a second preset crossover probability (e.g., exchanging the first gene of the initial chromosome pairs [x1, y1, z1, Q1] and [x2, y2, z2, Q2] to obtain offspring [x2, y1, z1, Q1] and [x1, y2, z2, Q2] The first and fourth genes of the chromosome pairs [x1, y1, z1, Q1] and [x2, y2, z2, Q2] are crossed to obtain offspring [x2, y1, z1, Q2] and [x1, y2, z2, Q1]), so that the two offspring chromosomes of the initial chromosome pair that have undergone the 2-point crossover are added to the updated chromosome population; further, in the remaining initial chromosome pairs that have not undergone the single-point crossover or the 2-point crossover, the genes of each pair of initial chromosomes can be subjected to a 3-point crossover operation with a third preset crossover probability (such as adding the initial The first, third and fourth genes of the chromosome pairs [x1, y1, z1, Q1] and [x2, y2, z2, Q2] are crossed to obtain offspring [x2, y1, z2, Q2] and [x1, y2, z1, Q1]), so as to add the two offspring chromosomes of the initial chromosome pair that have undergone the 3-point crossover to the updated chromosome population; correspondingly, if there are still paired initial chromosomes (i.e., initial chromosome pairs) that have not undergone the crossover operation, they are directly added to the updated chromosome population, i.e., directly copied into the next generation. Optionally, the first preset crossover probability, the second preset crossover probability, and the third preset crossover probability can all be set according to experience or actual needs, and the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this; illustratively, the first preset crossover probability, the second preset crossover probability, and the third preset crossover probability can be 80%, 5%, and 3%, respectively, and so on.

[0059] Exemplarily, under the gene mutation strategy, the atmospheric pollutant emission tracing device can perform a single-point mutation operation on the chromosomes in the updated chromosome population according to the first preset mutation probability to achieve a slight change in the gene at a single position in the chromosome, thereby using the chromosome that has undergone single-point mutation to update the corresponding chromosome in the updated chromosome population, such as adding 1 or subtracting 1 to the index of the gene at the corresponding position, or adding or subtracting a random number from the gene at the corresponding position, or multiplying the gene at the corresponding position by a random number (such as a random number within 0.5-1.5, etc.), etc.; the embodiment of the present invention does not limit the specific implementation method of the mutation operation; exemplarily, when the index of the gene at the emission source position is added by 1 or subtracted by 1, and the emission rate is changed within ±5% or ±50%, if the second gene of the chromosome [x2, y5, z3, Q8] is subjected to a single-point mutation, the offspring [x2, y6, z3, Q8] may be obtained. Then, the remaining offspring chromosomes (i.e., the chromosomes in the updated chromosome population that have not undergone single-point mutation) can be subjected to a 2-point mutation operation according to the second preset mutation probability, i.e., the genes at two positions in the chromosome are slightly changed, so that the chromosomes that have undergone the 2-point mutation are used to update the corresponding chromosomes in the updated chromosome population, such as performing 2-point mutations on the second and third genes of chromosome [x2, y5, z3, Q8], which may result in offspring [x2, y6, z2, Q8]. Correspondingly, the remaining offspring chromosomes (i.e., the chromosomes in the updated chromosome population that have not undergone single-point mutation or 2-point mutation) can be subjected to a 3-point mutation operation according to the third preset mutation probability, i.e., the genes at three positions in the chromosome are slightly changed, so that the chromosomes that have undergone the 3-point mutation are used to update the corresponding chromosomes in the updated chromosome population, such as performing 3-point mutations on the second, third, and fourth genes of chromosome [x2, y5, z3, Q8], which may result in offspring [x2, y6, z2, 1.4×Q8]. Furthermore, the remaining offspring chromosomes (i.e., the chromosomes in the updated chromosome population that have not undergone single-point mutation, two-point mutation, or three-point mutation) may be subjected to a four-point mutation operation according to the fourth preset mutation probability, i.e., the genes at four positions in the chromosome are slightly changed, so that the chromosomes that have undergone four-point mutations are used to update the corresponding chromosomes in the updated chromosome population, such as performing a four-point mutation on chromosome [x2, y5, z3, Q8] to obtain offspring [x1, y6, z2, 1.2×Q8], etc. Correspondingly, the chromosomes that have not undergone mutations may be directly retained to the next generation, i.e., retained in the updated chromosome population.

[0060] Furthermore, when determining the emission source position and / or emission rate of the target pollutant based on the target chromosome population, the atmospheric pollutant emission source tracing device can calculate the spatial distribution probability of the emission source position of each target chromosome based on the fitness of each target chromosome in the target chromosome population. That is to say, the atmospheric pollutant emission source tracing device can determine the fitness of each target chromosome to calculate the spatial distribution probability of the emission source position of each target chromosome; further, based on the spatial distribution probability of the emission source position of each target chromosome, at least one emission chromosome can be determined from the target chromosome population, and the emission source position and / or emission rate of the target pollutant can be determined based on at least one emission chromosome; wherein, the emission source position in an emission chromosome is an emission source position of the target pollutant, and / or the emission rate in an emission chromosome is the emission rate of the target pollutant at the emission source position indicated by the corresponding emission chromosome.

[0061] Optionally, for the hth target chromosome in the target chromosome population, h∈[1,N]; the atmospheric pollutant emission source tracing device can use formula 2.2 to calculate the spatial distribution probability of the emission source position of the hth target chromosome based on the fitness of the hth target chromosome: Formula 2.2 Among them, F h can be the fitness of the hth target chromosome, F l Can be the first l The fitness of the target chromosome, P h It can be the spatial distribution probability of the emission source position of the h-th target chromosome.

[0062] Optionally, when at least one emission chromosome is determined from the target chromosome population based on the spatial distribution probability of the emission source locations of each target chromosome, the target chromosome with the highest spatial distribution probability of the emission source location can be added to at least one emission chromosome. At this time, at least one emission chromosome may include the target chromosome with the highest spatial distribution probability of the emission source location; or, the number of emission chromosomes in at least one emission chromosome may be V, and the atmospheric pollutant emission tracing device may determine the top V target chromosomes with the highest spatial distribution probability of the emission source location from the target chromosome population, and add the top V target chromosomes with the highest spatial distribution probability of the emission source location to at least one emission chromosome, so as to determine at least one emission chromosome from the target chromosome population, where V is a positive integer, and so on.

[0063] Optionally, the atmospheric pollutant emission tracing device can also directly determine at least one emission chromosome from the target chromosome population based on the fitness of each target chromosome in the target chromosome population, such as determining the top V target chromosomes with the largest fitness from the target chromosome population, and adding the determined top V target chromosomes with the largest fitness to at least one emission chromosome, and so on; this is not limited to the embodiments of the present invention.

[0064] Based on this, the atmospheric pollutant emission source tracing device can use the emission source location included in each emission chromosome in at least one emission chromosome as the emission source location of the target pollutant; and / or, can use the emission rate included in each emission chromosome in at least one emission chromosome as the emission rate of the target pollutant, that is, as the emission rate of the target pollutant at the corresponding emission source location. In summary, it can be seen that the embodiments of the present invention can indicate the emission source tracing results of the target pollutant through the emission source location and / or emission rate of the target pollutant.

[0065] After obtaining the tracer observation concentration and pollutant observation concentration of multiple observation points within a predetermined time range, the embodiment of the present invention can determine the atmospheric diffusion coefficient and ground reflectance coefficient of the target Gaussian model based on the tracer observation concentration of multiple observation points. Then, an initial chromosome population can be generated, and for any initial chromosome in the initial chromosome population, the pollutant calculation concentration of multiple observation points under any initial chromosome can be determined based on the atmospheric diffusion coefficient, the ground reflectance coefficient, the target Gaussian model and any initial chromosome. Based on this, the fitness of any initial chromosome can be determined based on the pollutant observation concentration of multiple observation points and the pollutant calculation concentration of multiple observation points under any initial chromosome to obtain the fitness of each initial chromosome in the initial chromosome population. Further, the target chromosome population can be determined based on the fitness of each initial chromosome, and the emission source location and / or emission rate of the target pollutant can be determined based on the target chromosome population. It can be seen that the embodiments of the present invention can couple the Gaussian model with the evolutionary algorithm to optimize the emission intensity and positioning of pollution sources, so as to calculate the spatial probability distribution of pollution sources, thereby improving the accuracy of tracing the sources of atmospheric pollutant emissions; in addition, the embodiments of the present invention involve low costs and small workloads, and can be applied to business-based leakage detection and emergency prevention and control of sudden atmospheric pollution. In other words, the embodiments of the present invention can conveniently trace the sources of atmospheric pollutant emissions.

[0066] Based on the description of the relevant embodiments of the above-mentioned air pollutant emission tracing method, the embodiment of the present invention also proposes an air pollutant emission tracing device, which can be a computer program (including program code) running in the air pollutant emission tracing device; Figure 6As shown, the atmospheric pollutant emission tracing device may include an acquisition unit 601 and a processing unit 602. The atmospheric pollutant emission tracing device may execute Figure 1 or Figure 5 The air pollutant emission tracing method shown, that is, the air pollutant emission tracing device can operate the above-mentioned units: An acquisition unit 601 is used to acquire the observed concentration of the tracer and the observed concentration of the pollutant at multiple observation points within a predetermined time range; A processing unit 602 is used to determine the atmospheric diffusion coefficient and the ground reflection coefficient of the target Gaussian model based on the tracer observation concentrations at the multiple observation points; The processing unit 602 is further used to generate an initial chromosome population, and determine the fitness of each initial chromosome in the initial chromosome population based on the atmospheric diffusion coefficient, the ground reflectance coefficient, the pollutant observation concentrations of the multiple observation points, and the target Gaussian model; The processing unit 602 is further used to determine a target chromosome population based on the fitness of each of the initial chromosomes, and determine the emission source location and / or emission rate of the target pollutant based on the target chromosome population.

[0067] In one embodiment, a chromosome includes an emission source location and an emission rate; when the processing unit 602 determines the fitness of each initial chromosome in the initial chromosome population based on the atmospheric diffusion coefficient, the ground reflectance coefficient, the pollutant observation concentrations at the multiple observation points, and the target Gaussian model, it can be specifically used to: For any initial chromosome in the initial chromosome population, based on the atmospheric diffusion coefficient, the ground reflectance coefficient, the target Gaussian model and the any initial chromosome, determine the calculated concentrations of pollutants at the multiple observation points under the any initial chromosome; Based on the pollutant observation concentrations of the multiple observation points and the pollutant calculation concentrations of the multiple observation points under the any initial chromosome, the fitness of the any initial chromosome is determined to obtain the fitness of each initial chromosome in the initial chromosome population.

[0068] In another implementation, when the processing unit 602 determines the target chromosome population based on the fitness of each of the initial chromosomes, it can be specifically used to: Determining a preset genetic evolution strategy, and updating the initial chromosome population according to the preset genetic evolution strategy based on the fitness of each initial chromosome to obtain an updated chromosome population; When the updated chromosome population does not reach the convergence condition, the updated chromosome population continues to be updated until the convergence condition is reached, and the updated chromosome population when the convergence condition is reached is used as the target chromosome population.

[0069] In another embodiment, a chromosome includes an emission source location and an emission rate; when the processing unit 602 determines the emission source location and / or emission rate of the target pollutant based on the target chromosome population, it can be specifically used to: Based on the fitness of each target chromosome in the target chromosome population, calculating the spatial distribution probability of the emission source position of each target chromosome; Based on the spatial distribution probability of the emission source positions of each target chromosome, at least one emission chromosome is determined from the target chromosome population, and the emission source position and / or emission rate of the target pollutant is determined based on the at least one emission chromosome; wherein the emission source position in an emission chromosome is an emission source position of the target pollutant, and / or the emission rate in an emission chromosome is the emission rate of the target pollutant at the emission source position indicated by the corresponding emission chromosome.

[0070] In another embodiment, a chromosome includes an emission source position and an emission rate, an emission source position includes coordinate values ​​in each of a plurality of position coordinate directions, and the number of chromosomes in a chromosome population is N, where N is a positive integer; when generating an initial chromosome population, the processing unit 602 may be specifically used to: Determine the chromosome coordinate generation range in each position coordinate direction, and generate the coordinate value of each chromosome in the N chromosomes in each position coordinate direction according to the chromosome coordinate generation range in each position coordinate direction, so as to determine the coordinate value of each chromosome in each position coordinate direction; Determine a chromosome emission rate generation range, and generate the emission rate of each chromosome according to the chromosome emission rate generation range, so as to obtain the N chromosomes; take each chromosome as an initial chromosome, so as to generate an initial chromosome population.

[0071] In another embodiment, when determining the chromosome emission rate generation range, the processing unit 602 may be specifically configured to: Determine the location of the pending emission source and the background value sequence of pollutant concentration; Determine an emission rate reference value based on the location of the emission source to be determined, the observed pollutant concentrations of the multiple observation points, the pollutant concentration background value sequence, and the target Gaussian model; Based on the emission rate reference value, a chromosome emission rate generation range is determined.

[0072] According to one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 6 Each unit in the shown atmospheric pollutant emission tracing device can be separately or completely combined into one or several other units to constitute, or one (some) of the units can be further divided into multiple functionally smaller units to constitute, which can achieve the same operation without affecting the realization of the technical effects of the embodiments of the present invention. The above-mentioned units are divided based on logical functions. In actual applications, the function of one unit can also be implemented by multiple units, or the functions of multiple units can be implemented by one unit. In other embodiments of the present invention, any atmospheric pollutant emission tracing device may also include other units. In actual applications, these functions can also be implemented with the assistance of other units, and can be implemented by the collaboration of multiple units.

[0073] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the program can be executed by running a program on a general electronic device such as a computer including a central processing unit (CPU), a random access memory medium (RAM), a read-only memory medium (ROM), and other processing elements and storage elements. Figure 1 or Figure 5 A computer program (including program code) for each step involved in the corresponding method shown in Figure 6 The air pollutant emission tracing device shown in and the air pollutant emission tracing method of the embodiment of the present invention are implemented. The computer program can be recorded on, for example, a computer storage medium, and loaded into the above-mentioned air pollutant emission tracing device through the computer storage medium and run therein.

[0074] Based on the description of the above method embodiment and device embodiment, the exemplary embodiment of the present invention further provides an atmospheric pollutant emission tracing device, including: at least one processor; and a memory connected to the at least one processor. The memory stores a computer program that can be executed by the at least one processor, and the computer program is used to enable the atmospheric pollutant emission tracing device to perform a method according to an embodiment of the present invention when executed by the at least one processor.

[0075] An exemplary embodiment of the present invention further provides a system for measuring atmospheric pollutant emissions, which is applied to a UAV, and the system includes: Sampling tube; A transmission device, fixed to the traveling vehicle, for driving the sampling port of the sampling tube to reciprocate in a vertical direction; A gas analyzer, wherein the gas inlet of the gas analyzer is connected to the gas outlet of the sampling tube, and is used for real-time analysis of the gas collected by the sampling tube to obtain the tracer observation concentration and the pollutant observation concentration at observation points at multiple vertical heights; Such as the atmospheric pollutant emission tracing device mentioned above.

[0076] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention also provide a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor of a computer, is used to cause the computer to perform a method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0077] An exemplary embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer program product, comprising a computer program, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor of a computer, the computer is used to enable the computer to perform a method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0078] refer to Figure 7 , a block diagram of an electronic device 700 that can be used as a server or client of the present invention will now be described, which is an example of a hardware device that can be applied to various aspects of the present invention. The electronic device is intended to represent various forms of digital electronic computer devices, such as laptop computers, desktop computers, workbenches, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframe computers, and other suitable computers. The electronic device can also represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital processing, cellular phones, smart phones, wearable devices, and other similar computing devices. The components shown herein, their connections and relationships, and their functions are merely examples and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention described and / or required herein.

[0079] like Figure 7 As shown, the electronic device 700 includes a computing unit 701, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a computer program stored in a read-only memory (ROM) 702 or a computer program loaded from a storage unit 708 into a random access memory (RAM) 703. In the RAM 703, various programs and data required for the operation of the electronic device 700 can also be stored. The computing unit 701, the ROM 702, and the RAM 703 are connected to each other via a bus 704. An input / output (I / O) interface 705 is also connected to the bus 704.

[0080] A plurality of components in the electronic device 700 are connected to the I / O interface 705, including: an input unit 706, an output unit 707, a storage unit 708, and a communication unit 709. The input unit 706 may be any type of device capable of inputting information to the electronic device 700, and the input unit 706 may receive input digital or character information, and generate key signal inputs related to user settings and / or function control of the electronic device. The output unit 707 may be any type of device capable of presenting information, and may include but is not limited to a display, a speaker, a video / audio output terminal, a vibrator, and / or a printer. The storage unit 708 may include but is not limited to a disk, an optical disk. The communication unit 709 allows the electronic device 700 to exchange information / data with other devices through a computer network such as the Internet and / or various telecommunication networks, and may include but is not limited to a modem, a network card, an infrared communication device, a wireless communication transceiver, and / or a chipset, such as a Bluetooth™ device, a WiFi device, a WiMax device, a cellular communication device, and / or the like.

[0081] The computing unit 701 may be a variety of general and / or special processing components with processing and computing capabilities. Some examples of the computing unit 701 include, but are not limited to, a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), various dedicated artificial intelligence (AI) computing chips, various computing units running machine learning model algorithms, digital signal processors (DSPs), and any appropriate processors, controllers, microcontrollers, etc. The computing unit 701 performs the various methods and processes described above. For example, in some embodiments, the atmospheric pollutant emission source tracing method may be implemented as a computer software program, which is tangibly contained in a machine-readable medium, such as a storage unit 708. In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program may be loaded and / or installed on the electronic device 700 via the ROM 702 and / or the communication unit 709. In some embodiments, the computing unit 701 may be configured to perform the atmospheric pollutant emission source tracing method in any other appropriate manner (e.g., by means of firmware).

[0082] The program code for implementing the method of the present invention can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes can be provided to a processor or controller of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer or other programmable data processing device, so that the program code, when executed by the processor or controller, enables the functions / operations specified in the flow chart and / or block diagram to be implemented. The program code can be executed entirely on the machine, partially on the machine, partially on the machine as a stand-alone software package and partially on a remote machine, or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0083] In the context of the present invention, a machine-readable medium may be a tangible medium that may contain or store a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, device, or equipment. A machine-readable medium may be a machine-readable signal medium or a machine-readable storage medium. A machine-readable medium may include, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, device, or equipment, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. A more specific example of a machine-readable storage medium may include an electrical connection based on one or more lines, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

[0084] As used herein, the terms "machine-readable medium" and "computer-readable medium" refer to any computer program product, apparatus, and / or device (e.g., disk, optical disk, memory, programmable logic device (PLD)) for providing machine instructions and / or data to a programmable processor, including a machine-readable medium that receives machine instructions as a machine-readable signal. The term "machine-readable signal" refers to any signal for providing machine instructions and / or data to a programmable processor.

[0085] To provide interaction with a user, the systems and techniques described herein can be implemented on a computer having: a display device (e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor) for displaying information to the user; and a keyboard and pointing device (e.g., a mouse or trackball) through which the user can provide input to the computer. Other types of devices can also be used to provide interaction with the user; for example, the feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user can be received in any form (including acoustic input, voice input, or tactile input).

[0086] Furthermore, it should be understood that what is disclosed above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and certainly cannot be used to limit the scope of rights of the present invention. Therefore, equivalent changes made according to the claims of the present invention are still within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for tracing the source of atmospheric pollutant emissions, characterized in that: include: Obtaining the observed tracer concentration and pollutant concentration at multiple observation points within a predetermined time range; Determining an atmospheric diffusion coefficient and a ground reflection coefficient of a target Gaussian model based on the tracer observation concentrations at the plurality of observation points; Generate an initial chromosome population, and determine the fitness of each initial chromosome in the initial chromosome population based on the atmospheric diffusion coefficient, the ground reflectance coefficient, the pollutant observation concentrations of the multiple observation points, and the target Gaussian model; Based on the fitness of each of the initial chromosomes, a target chromosome population is determined, and based on the target chromosome population, the emission source location and / or emission rate of the target pollutant is determined.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that A chromosome includes an emission source location and an emission rate; the fitness of each initial chromosome in the initial chromosome population is determined based on the atmospheric diffusion coefficient, the ground reflectance coefficient, the pollutant observation concentrations at the multiple observation points, and the target Gaussian model, including: For any initial chromosome in the initial chromosome population, based on the atmospheric diffusion coefficient, the ground reflectance coefficient, the target Gaussian model and the any initial chromosome, determine the calculated concentrations of pollutants at the multiple observation points under the any initial chromosome; Based on the pollutant observation concentrations of the multiple observation points and the pollutant calculation concentrations of the multiple observation points under the any initial chromosome, the fitness of the any initial chromosome is determined to obtain the fitness of each initial chromosome in the initial chromosome population.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Determining the target chromosome population based on the fitness of each of the initial chromosomes includes: Determining a preset genetic evolution strategy, and updating the initial chromosome population according to the preset genetic evolution strategy based on the fitness of each initial chromosome to obtain an updated chromosome population; When the updated chromosome population does not reach the convergence condition, the updated chromosome population continues to be updated until the convergence condition is reached, and the updated chromosome population when the convergence condition is reached is used as the target chromosome population.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A chromosome includes an emission source location and an emission rate; the step of determining the emission source location and / or emission rate of a target pollutant based on the target chromosome population includes: Based on the fitness of each target chromosome in the target chromosome population, calculating the spatial distribution probability of the emission source position of each target chromosome; Based on the spatial distribution probability of the emission source positions of the target chromosomes, at least one emission chromosome is determined from the target chromosome population, and the emission source position and / or emission rate of the target pollutant is determined based on the at least one emission chromosome; wherein the emission source position in an emission chromosome is an emission source position of the target pollutant, and / or the emission rate in an emission chromosome is the emission rate of the target pollutant at the emission source position indicated by the corresponding emission chromosome.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A chromosome includes an emission source position and an emission rate. An emission source position includes coordinate values ​​in each of a plurality of position coordinate directions. The number of chromosomes in a chromosome population is N, where N is a positive integer. The generating of the initial chromosome population comprises: Determine the chromosome coordinate generation range in each position coordinate direction, and generate the coordinate value of each chromosome in the N chromosomes in each position coordinate direction according to the chromosome coordinate generation range in each position coordinate direction, so as to determine the coordinate value of each chromosome in each position coordinate direction; Determine a chromosome emission rate generation range, and generate the emission rate of each chromosome according to the chromosome emission rate generation range, so as to obtain the N chromosomes; take each chromosome as an initial chromosome, so as to generate an initial chromosome population.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that Determining the chromosome emission rate generation range includes: Determine the location of the pending emission source and the background value sequence of pollutant concentration; Determine an emission rate reference value based on the location of the emission source to be determined, the observed pollutant concentrations of the multiple observation points, the pollutant concentration background value sequence, and the target Gaussian model; Based on the emission rate reference value, a chromosome emission rate generation range is determined.

7. An atmospheric pollutant emission tracing device, characterized in that: The device comprises: An acquisition unit, used for acquiring the observed concentration of the tracer and the observed concentration of the pollutant at a plurality of observation points within a predetermined time range; A processing unit, configured to determine an atmospheric diffusion coefficient and a ground reflection coefficient of a target Gaussian model based on the tracer observation concentrations at the plurality of observation points; The processing unit is further used to generate an initial chromosome population, and determine the fitness of each initial chromosome in the initial chromosome population based on the atmospheric diffusion coefficient, the ground reflectance coefficient, the pollutant observation concentrations of the multiple observation points, and the target Gaussian model; The processing unit is also used to determine a target chromosome population based on the fitness of each initial chromosome, and determine the emission source location and / or emission rate of the target pollutant based on the target chromosome population.

8. A system for measuring atmospheric pollutant emissions, applied to a UAV, characterized in that: The system comprises: Sampling tube; A transmission device, fixed to the traveling vehicle, for driving the sampling port of the sampling tube to reciprocate in a vertical direction; A gas analyzer, wherein the gas inlet of the gas analyzer is connected to the gas outlet of the sampling tube, and is used for real-time analysis of the gas collected by the sampling tube to obtain the tracer observation concentration and the pollutant observation concentration at observation points at multiple vertical heights; The atmospheric pollutant emission tracing device as described in claim 7.

9. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that The system further comprises: A position detection sensor, used for generating a position indication signal when the sampling port moves to a predetermined vertical height; A control device is used to control the movement speed of the transmission device; the movement speed and the position indication signal are used to determine the vertical height of the sampling port at each observation time.

10. The system according to claim 9, characterized in that The position detection sensor comprises: The shading sheet is driven by the transmission device to reciprocate in the vertical direction. A photoelectric switch is fixed at the predetermined vertical height and is used to generate the position indication signal when the light shielding sheet moves to the predetermined vertical height.

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