The invention discloses a wind resource assessment method based on an optimization time window. The method includes the following steps of 1, extracting data, wherein local wind speed data information is extracted, original data is verified and corrected, and a series of continuous wind speed data at equal time intervals is obtained and serves as a sample time series of a model; 2, calculating the wind speed significance period, wherein the significance period of the wind speed under different time scales is calculated with the wavelet transformation technology and serves as a new time window for wind resource assessment; 3, determining the optimal time window, wherein fitting of the Weibull function is carried out under a traditional time window and the new time window, obtained through calculation in the step 2, with the wind speed periodicity considered, the goodness of fit of the two windows is compared, the difference value of the fit average wind speed and the actual average wind speed is obtained, and thus the better time window is selected; 4, calculating wind resource characteristic indexes, wherein the indexes of local wind resource characteristics are calculated under the time window selected in the step 3 and include the average wind speed, the wind speed distribution parameter, the wind shear index and the wind power density, and a wind profile, a wind direction rose and a wind energy rose are drawn.