The invention relates to a layered automation test system and method based on data driving. The system comprises a configuration file management module, a test case management module, a test data management module, a layered action keyword realization module and a control module, wherein the configuration file management module is used for managing configuration files, the test case management module is used for managing test case description files, the test data management module is used for managing data files including execution index files and supplementing data files in a data file path corresponding to each test case, the layered action keyword realization module is used for layering a tested system according to a function structure of the tested system, a plurality of test action keywords are defined in each layer according to test requirements, in addition, each action keyword is subjected to test action realization, and the control module is used for carrying out test execution control. The system and the method have the advantages that the three-stage file index management is realized on the cases and data files required by the test, the tested system is divided and mapped to different layers, the action keyword behaviors are respectively realized, the logics are clear, the maintenance is easy, the automatic test coverage range is increased, and the test efficiency is improved.