The invention belongs to the technical field of monitoring of tunnels, and specifically relates to a surrounding rock pressure-frost heaving force monitoring system for a tunnel in a cold region and a mounting structure of the monitoring system. The system comprises a plurality of sensor modules which are arranged on a testing section to measure real-time data, a plurality of data acquiring modules which are arranged on each testing section to acquire the data of the sensor modules, data processing module for collecting and processing the data acquired by the data acquiring modules, a central control module for controlling the working states of the data acquiring modules and the data processing modules, and a data display module for displaying the data acquired by the data acquiring modules; the data acquiring modules are respectively connected with the sensor modules and the data processing module; the data processing module is respectively connected with the central control module and the data display module. The monitoring system has the advantages that the gradations are distinct, all testing sections are connected in parallel for working, and the damage of some testing section does not influence the work on other testing sections, so that the practicability is high; in addition, the testing data are complete and reliable, the data processing is simple and clear, the data continuity is high, and therefore, the analysis can be conveniently carried out.