Air cooling type PEMFC low-hydrogen-consumption anode scavenging recycling system and control method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an air cooling type PEMFC low-hydrogen-consumption anode scavenging recycling system and a control method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of air intake and exhaust of an anode closed type air cooling type proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The scavenging gas recycling system comprises a first pressure sensor, a first electromagnetic valve, a gas inlet pipe, a gas outlet pipe, a second pressure sensor, an anode rear end water-gas management device and a voltage sensor, a gas source is communicated with a battery gas inlet through the gas inlet pipe, and the first pressure sensor and the first electromagnetic valve are installed on the gas inlet pipe; the battery gas outlet is communicated with the anode rear-end water-gas management device through the gas outlet pipe, the second pressure sensor is mounted on the gas outlet pipe, a gas outlet path for discharging gas in the device is arranged at the rear end of the anode rear-end water-gas management device, and a third electromagnetic valve is mounted on the gas outlet path. The discharged anode reaction residual gas is collected and recycled, so that the hydrogen waste is reduced, bidirectional gas inlet is realized, the hydrogen consumption is reduced, the water distribution uniformity in the battery is improved, and the service life of the battery is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of air intake and exhaust of anode-enclosed air-cooled cathode-open proton exchange membrane fuel cells, and relates to an air-cooled PEMFC low hydrogen consumption anode scavenging and recycling system and a control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) use ion-conducting polymer membranes as electrolytes. They are electrochemical devices that use catalysts to decompose hydrogen gas at the anode into protons and electrons. Protons reach the cathode through the proton exchange membrane, and electrons reach the cathode through an external circuit. Electrons and protons generate water under the catalysis of the cathode catalyst. They are also called fuel cells. Anode-enclosed air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cells have a simple structure, light weight, and low operating noise, and are often used as energy sources for drones and portable equipment.

[0003] For proton exchange membrane fuel cells, water molecules are needed as carriers when protons pass through the membrane to the cathode, so the exchange membrane needs to maintain a certain degree of wettability. The operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells involves the use of hydrogen, which results in a high concentration of hydrogen in the remaining gas from the anode reaction. In addition, during long-term operation of the fuel cell, water will form near the anode outlet, causing blockage of the flow channel; therefore, drainage must be done regularly to ensure the normal operation of the fuel cell. However, hydrogen will be discharged into the air during the drainage process, which will cause a waste of hydrogen on the one hand, and there is also a risk of explosion and fire on the other hand.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an air-cooled PEMFC low hydrogen consumption anode purge gas recovery system and a control method thereof to reuse the hydrogen discharged from the anode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell to reduce hydrogen consumption, improve hydrogen utilization, and avoid waste and safety hazards caused by hydrogen discharge. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to overcome the problems in the background technology, the present invention collects the gas exhausted from the anode of the fuel cell and separates the hydrogen and water in the gas, so that the hydrogen in the exhaust gas re-enters the anode flow channel to participate in the reaction, thereby effectively alleviating the waste of hydrogen and realizing two-way air intake, reducing hydrogen consumption and improving the uniformity of water distribution inside the fuel cell stack, thereby increasing the life of the fuel cell stack.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented by the following technical solutions:

[0007] On the one hand, the present invention proposes an air-cooled PEMFC low hydrogen consumption anode scavenging and recycling system, the scavenging and recycling system comprises a first pressure sensor 1, a first solenoid valve 2, an air inlet pipe 3, an air outlet pipe 7, a second pressure sensor 8, an anode rear end water gas management device 9, and a voltage sensor. One end of the air inlet pipe 3 is connected to the gas source, and the other end of the air inlet pipe 3 is connected to the anode flow channel air inlet 4 of the fuel cell 5. The first pressure sensor 1 and the first solenoid valve 2 are sequentially installed on the air inlet pipe 3 according to the gas flow direction. One end of the air outlet pipe 7 is connected to the fuel cell 5. The anode flow channel gas outlet 6 is connected, the other end of the gas outlet pipe 7 is connected to the anode rear end water gas management device 9, the second pressure sensor 8 is installed on the gas outlet pipe 7, the rear end of the anode rear end water gas management device 9 is provided with a gas outlet for discharging the gas in the anode rear end water gas management device 9, the third solenoid valve 10 is installed on the gas outlet, the first pressure sensor 1, the first solenoid valve 2, the second pressure sensor 8, the third solenoid valve 10 are all connected to the host computer for communication, the fuel cell 5 is connected to the voltage sensor for communication, and the voltage sensor is connected to the host computer for communication. The main functions of the anode rear end water gas management device are: ① to achieve water gas separation; ② to store a certain amount of hydrogen so that the fuel cell 5 can operate normally and stably when the gas source is cut off; ③ to realize two-way air intake as a hydrogen supply device for two-way air intake.

[0008] Preferably, the anode rear end water gas management device 9 includes a box body 901 and a baffle 902, the outlet pipe 7 is connected to the box body 901, the baffle 902 is fixedly installed in the box body 901, and the baffle 902 is located on the gas travel path entering the box body 901 from the outlet pipe 7.

[0009] Preferably, a drain port 903 is provided at the bottom of the box body 901 , and a second solenoid valve 904 is installed at the drain port 903 ; a liquid level gauge 905 is installed in the box body 901 , and the liquid level gauge 905 is communicatively connected to a host computer, and the host computer is communicatively connected to the second solenoid valve 904 .

[0010] Another aspect of the present invention provides a control method for the above-mentioned scavenging gas recycling system, the control method comprising the following steps:

[0011] S1: Turn on the gas source, open the first solenoid valve 2, and adjust the gas flow rate output by the gas source so that the gas pressure in the intake pipe 3 reaches the operating condition of the fuel cell 5, so that the fuel cell 5 can operate normally;

[0012] S2: In the step S1, after a period of time T, the voltage of the fuel cell 5 decays. When the voltage of the fuel cell 5 decays to 95% of the normal working voltage, the host computer controls the first solenoid valve 2 to close, and the first solenoid valve 2 remains closed until P1-P8=5KPa, wherein P1 is the pressure detected by the first pressure sensor 1, in KPa, and P8 is the pressure detected by the second pressure sensor 8, in KPa. The host computer controls the first solenoid valve 2 to open, and the host computer controls the first solenoid valve 2 to close and open in sequence until the fuel cell 5 completes the work. The voltage sensor monitors the voltage of the fuel cell 5 in real time and transmits the signal to the host computer. The normal working voltage of the fuel cell 5 is usually a constant, which can be preset in the host computer. The host computer receives the voltage signal transmitted by the voltage sensor and compares it with the normal working voltage to obtain the voltage attenuation rate of the fuel cell 5. When the comparison result of the host computer is 95%, it controls the first solenoid valve 2 to close; the first pressure sensor 1 and the second pressure sensor 8 will also transmit the monitored pressure signal to the host computer in real time. After the host computer receives the pressure signal transmitted by the first pressure sensor 1 and the second pressure sensor 8, it can determine the difference between the two pressure values. When the difference is 5KPa, the host computer controls the first solenoid valve 2 to reopen. After the first solenoid valve 2 is reopened, the fuel cell 5 continues to work at the normal working voltage. After a period of time, the voltage decays, which triggers the host computer to control the first solenoid valve 2 to close, thereby forming a cycle.

[0013] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0014] 1. The present invention separates the residual gas discharged from the anode of the fuel cell through the water and gas management device at the rear end of the anode, thereby obtaining hydrogen and water. The water can be discharged from the water and gas management device at the rear end of the anode, and the hydrogen can be returned to the fuel cell for reuse, thereby reducing hydrogen consumption and improving hydrogen utilization.

[0015] 2. The hydrogen separated by the water and gas management device at the rear end of the anode of the present invention is returned to the fuel cell from the outlet pipe for reuse, which can bring the water originally accumulated below the fuel cell to the top of the fuel cell to moisten the upper proton exchange membrane, making the proton membranes at the upper and lower ends of the battery more evenly moistened, which is beneficial to improving the working performance of the fuel cell.

[0016] 3. The present invention has a simple structure, mature control, no circulation, no need to use a circulation pump, and reduces system complexity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the scavenging gas recovery system of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the water and gas management device at the rear end of the anode of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 A comparison chart of voltage change test results of Example 1 of the present invention and Comparative Example 1;

[0020] Figure 4 A comparison chart of voltage change test results of Examples 1-4 of the present invention and Comparative Example 1;

[0021] Figure 5 A comparison chart of voltage change test results of Examples 5-8 of the present invention and Comparative Example 1;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a comparison chart of hydrogen flow rates between Example 1 of the present invention and Comparative Example 1;

[0023] Figure 7 It is a comparison chart of hydrogen consumption of Examples 1-8 of the present invention and Comparative Example 1.

[0024] In the figure, 1-first pressure sensor, 2-first solenoid valve, 3-inlet pipe, 4-anode channel inlet, 5-fuel cell, 6-anode channel outlet, 7-outlet pipe, 8-second pressure sensor, 9-anode rear end water vapor management device, 901-box, 902-baffle, 903-drain port, 904-second solenoid valve, 905-liquid level meter, 10-third solenoid valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0026] like Figure 1-2 As shown, the scavenging and recycling system includes a first pressure sensor 1, a first solenoid valve 2, an air intake pipe 3, an air outlet pipe 7, a second pressure sensor 8, an anode rear end water vapor management device 9, and a voltage sensor. One end of the air intake pipe 3 is connected to the gas source, and the other end of the air intake pipe 3 is connected to the anode flow channel air inlet 4 of the fuel cell 5. The first pressure sensor 1 and the first solenoid valve 2 are installed on the air intake pipe 3 in sequence according to the gas flow direction. One end of the air outlet pipe 7 is connected to the anode flow channel air outlet 6 of the fuel cell 5, and the other end of the air outlet pipe 7 is connected to the anode rear end water vapor management device 9. The second pressure sensor 8 is installed on the air outlet pipe 7. The rear end of the anode rear end water vapor management device 9 is provided with an air outlet path for discharging the gas in the water vapor management device 9. A third solenoid valve 10 is installed on the air outlet path. The first pressure sensor 1, the first solenoid valve 2, the second pressure sensor 8, and the third solenoid valve 10 are all connected to the host computer for communication. The fuel cell 5 is connected to the voltage sensor for communication, and the voltage sensor is connected to the host computer for communication.

[0027] When the fuel cell 5 is operating normally, the first solenoid valve 2 remains open, and the hydrogen gas output by the gas source is transported to the anode channel inlet 4 through the inlet pipe 3, and enters the fuel cell 5 through the anode channel inlet 4 to participate in the reaction, while the residual gas from the reaction in the fuel cell 5 is discharged through the anode channel outlet 6, and enters the anode rear end water gas management device 9 through the outlet pipe 7. Since a certain amount of water is generated during the operation of the fuel cell 5, the residual gas from the reaction will carry some water. After the residual gas from the reaction enters the anode rear end water gas management device 9, it will be separated from the water gas. Since the density of hydrogen is relatively small, it will float on the top of the anode rear end water gas management device 9. , and the water will fall to the bottom of the water gas management device 9 at the rear end of the anode. When the fuel cell 5 works normally for a period of time, the first solenoid valve 2 is closed. At this time, there is residual hydrogen in the air inlet pipe 3 between the first solenoid valve 2 and the air inlet 4 of the anode flow channel, and there is residual reaction gas in the air outlet pipe 7. A certain amount of hydrogen is also stored in the water gas management device 9 at the rear end of the anode. Therefore, the first solenoid valve 2 is closed to cut off the gas supply. The fuel cell 5 will consume the hydrogen in the air inlet pipe 3 between the first solenoid valve 2 and the air inlet 4 of the anode flow channel, the air outlet pipe 7, and the water gas management device 9 at the rear end of the anode. Therefore, during this period of time, there is no need to consume the hydrogen output by the gas source, thereby reducing the hydrogen consumption. After the first solenoid valve 2 is closed for a period of time, since the hydrogen in the air inlet pipe 3, the air outlet pipe 7, and the water gas management device 9 at the rear end of the anode is consumed less, it is necessary to reopen the first solenoid valve 2 to restore the hydrogen supply of the gas source to the fuel cell 5, so that the fuel cell 5 can continue to work normally. When the fuel cell is in normal working state, the air inlet pipe 3 is in a passage state, and the hydrogen pressure in the air inlet pipe 3, the air outlet pipe 7, and the water gas management device 9 at the rear end of the anode remains consistent; when the first solenoid valve 2 is closed, the fuel cell 5 consumes the hydrogen in the air inlet pipe 3, the air outlet pipe 7, and the water gas management device 9 at the rear end of the anode, causing a gas pressure difference on both sides of the first solenoid valve 2. At this time, the first solenoid valve 2 is opened, and under the action of the pressure difference, the water in the anode flow channel of the fuel cell 5 will be blown into the water gas management device at the rear end of the anode for separation and storage. In this way, the system completes the drainage operation and hydrogen recovery and utilization function.

[0028] During the normal operation of the fuel cell 5, hydrogen enters the fuel cell 5 from the anode flow channel inlet 4, and the remaining reaction gas is discharged from the anode flow channel outlet 6. Figure 1For example, the movement direction of the reaction residual gas in the fuel cell 5 is from top to bottom. Since the reaction residual gas flows in the fuel cell 5, it will carry some water. Therefore, the water that penetrates into the anode from the anode flow channel above the fuel cell 5 will be brought to the bottom of the fuel cell 5 by the reaction residual gas, resulting in the upper proton exchange membrane wettability being lower than the lower proton exchange membrane, causing the overall current density of the fuel cell 5 to be uneven, affecting the normal operation of the fuel cell 5. When the fuel cell 5 is in a continuous working state, the water that penetrates into the anode from the upper anode flow channel will continue to be brought downward, resulting in the uneven wetting of the proton exchange membrane. The fuel cell 5 consumes hydrogen in the outlet pipe 7 and the water and gas management device 9 at the rear end of the anode after the first solenoid valve 2 is closed. The hydrogen in the water and gas management device 9 at the rear end of the anode is transported in the opposite direction through the outlet pipe 7 and enters the fuel cell 5 through the outlet port 6 of the anode flow channel. The gas in the outlet pipe 7 enters the fuel cell 5 through the outlet port 6 of the anode flow channel. The hydrogen can bring the water originally accumulated at the bottom of the fuel cell 5 to the top of the fuel cell 5 to wet the proton exchange membrane above, so as to avoid the continuous increase of the uneven wetting of the upper and lower proton exchange membranes, and ensure the long-term working performance of the fuel cell 5. During the closing time of the first solenoid valve 2, the fuel cell 5 continuously consumes hydrogen in the outlet pipe 7, resulting in a decrease in the concentration and pressure of hydrogen in the outlet pipe 7, but the concentration and pressure of hydrogen in the water and gas management device 9 at the rear end of the anode are relatively large, so the hydrogen flows from the water and gas device 9 at the rear end of the anode to a place with low potential energy, so that the fuel cell 5 maintains the original power and operates normally.

[0029] The gas in the water vapor management device 9 at the rear end of the anode can be discharged by controlling the third solenoid valve 10 to open. Under normal working conditions, the third solenoid valve 10 remains closed. After the fuel cell 5 has finished working, the gas in the water vapor management device 9 can be discharged by controlling the third solenoid valve 10 to facilitate normal use next time. In addition, if there are special circumstances such as excessive accumulation of gas in the water vapor management device 9, part of the hydrogen can also be discharged by controlling the third solenoid valve 10 to open.

[0030] The anode rear end water and gas management device 9 includes a box body 901 and a baffle 902 . The gas outlet pipe 7 is connected to the box body 901 . The baffle 902 is fixedly installed in the box body 901 , and the baffle 902 is located on the gas travel path from the gas outlet pipe 7 into the box body 901 .

[0031] When the reaction residual gas flows from the gas outlet pipe 7 into the box body 901 , the reaction residual gas hits the baffle 902 to achieve water-gas separation.

[0032] A liquid discharge port 903 is provided at the bottom of the box body 901 , and a second solenoid valve 904 is installed at the liquid discharge port 903 ; a liquid level gauge 905 is installed in the box body 901 , and the liquid level gauge 905 is communicatively connected to a host computer, and the host computer is communicatively connected to the second solenoid valve 904 .

[0033] Since the liquid level accumulated in the box 901 cannot submerge the connection between the air outlet pipe 7 and the box 901, otherwise it will affect the normal operation of the air outlet pipe 7. Therefore, when a certain amount of liquid accumulates in the box 901, the liquid needs to be discharged. The liquid level meter 905 can detect the liquid level position in the box 901 in real time. When the liquid level meter 905 detects that the liquid level in the box 901 reaches a certain height, this signal is transmitted to the host computer through the liquid level meter 905. After receiving the signal, the host computer controls the second solenoid valve 904 to open for drainage. After drainage, the liquid level drops. When the liquid level meter 905 does not detect the liquid, the signal is transmitted to the host computer. After receiving the signal, the host computer controls the second solenoid valve 904 to close.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] This embodiment uses the above-mentioned scavenging system to conduct experiments, and the experiments are carried out according to the following steps:

[0036] First, open the first solenoid valve 2, then open the valve on the branch pipeline connected to the hydrogen source, and turn on the hydrogen source. Monitor the pressure in the intake pipe 3 through the first pressure sensor 1, adjust the hydrogen source gas supply flow rate, and make the pressure in the intake pipe 3 50KPa. After the fuel cell 5 works for 20s (T=20s), close the first solenoid valve 2 for s=3s, and then open the first solenoid valve 2 again. After 20s, close the first solenoid valve 2 again and keep it closed for 3s. Repeat the cycle and measure the voltage change of the fuel cell 5 during the process of loading from 0A to 3.2A and running for 5min, and then reducing the load to 0A again. The results are as follows: Figure 3 , 4 As shown, after the current of the fuel cell 5 is loaded to 3.2A, the hydrogen flow in the outlet pipe 7 is continuously monitored. The result is as follows Figure 6 The total hydrogen consumption of the experiment is recorded, and the result is as follows Figure 7 shown.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] This embodiment uses the same method as that of embodiment 1 to conduct experiments, and s is 3 seconds in both cases, except that T=18s.

[0039] During the experiment of this embodiment, the voltage change of the fuel cell 5 was measured after the fuel cell 5 was loaded from 0A to 3.2A and operated for 5 minutes, and then the load was reduced to 0A again. The results are as follows: Figure 4 The total hydrogen consumption of the experiment is recorded, and the result is as follows Figure 7 shown.

[0040] Example 3

[0041] This embodiment uses the same method as that of embodiment 1 to conduct experiments, and s is 3 seconds in both cases, except that T=16s.

[0042] During the experiment of this embodiment, the voltage change of the fuel cell 5 was measured after the fuel cell 5 was loaded from 0A to 3.2A and operated for 5 minutes, and then the load was reduced to 0A again. The results are as follows: Figure 4 The total hydrogen consumption of the experiment is recorded, and the result is as follows Figure 7 Shown

[0043] Example 4

[0044] This embodiment uses the same method as that of embodiment 1 to conduct experiments, and s is 3 seconds in both cases, except that T=14s.

[0045] During the experiment of this embodiment, the voltage change of the fuel cell 5 was measured after the fuel cell 5 was loaded from 0A to 3.2A and operated for 5 minutes, and then the load was reduced to 0A again. The results are as follows: Figure 4 The total hydrogen consumption of the experiment is recorded, and the result is as follows Figure 7 Shown

[0046] Example 5

[0047] This embodiment uses the same method as that of embodiment 1 to conduct experiments, and T is 20 seconds in both cases, except that s=2s.

[0048] During the experiment of this embodiment, the voltage change of the fuel cell 5 was measured after the fuel cell 5 was loaded from 0A to 3.2A and operated for 5 minutes, and then the load was reduced to 0A again. The results are as follows: Figure 5 The total hydrogen consumption of the experiment is recorded, and the result is as follows Figure 7 Shown

[0049] Example 6

[0050] This embodiment uses the same method as that of embodiment 2 to conduct experiments, and T is 18 seconds in both cases, with the difference being that s=2s.

[0051] During the experiment of this embodiment, the voltage change of the fuel cell 5 was measured after the fuel cell 5 was loaded from 0A to 3.2A and operated for 5 minutes, and then the load was reduced to 0A again. The results are as follows: Figure 5 The total hydrogen consumption of the experiment is recorded, and the result is as follows Figure 7 Shown

[0052] Example 7

[0053] This embodiment uses the same method as that of embodiment 3 to conduct experiments, and T is 16 seconds in both cases, with the difference being that s=2s.

[0054] During the experiment of this embodiment, the voltage change of the fuel cell 5 was measured after the fuel cell 5 was loaded from 0A to 3.2A and operated for 5 minutes, and then the load was reduced to 0A again. The results are as follows: Figure 5 The total hydrogen consumption of the experiment is recorded, and the result is as follows Figure 7 Shown

[0055] Example 8

[0056] This embodiment uses the same method as that of embodiment 4 to conduct experiments, and T is 14 seconds in both cases, with the difference being that s=2s.

[0057] During the experiment of this embodiment, the voltage change of the fuel cell 5 was measured after the fuel cell 5 was loaded from 0A to 3.2A and operated for 5 minutes, and then the load was reduced to 0A again. The results are as follows: Figure 5 The total hydrogen consumption of the experiment is recorded, and the result is as follows Figure 7 Shown

[0058] Comparative Example 1

[0059] This comparative example adopts the conventional working mode of the fuel cell 5 to supply and exhaust gas, that is, after supplying gas to the fuel cell 5 for 20 seconds, exhausting gas for 0.3 seconds, and measuring the voltage change of the fuel cell 5 during the process of loading from 0A to 3.2A and running for 5 minutes, and then reducing the load to 0A again. The results are as follows Figure 3 , 4 As shown in FIG. 5 , after the current of the fuel cell 5 is loaded to 3.2A, the hydrogen flow rate of the outlet pipe 7 is continuously monitored. The results are as follows Figure 6 The total hydrogen consumption of the experiment is recorded, and the result is as follows Figure 7 shown.

[0060] pass Figure 3 , 4 It can be seen from FIG. 5 that during the operation of the fuel cell 5, the voltage change curves of the embodiment and the comparative example have similar change trends, which indicates that the control method of the present invention does not have a drastic effect on the voltage of the fuel cell 5. The control method of the present invention can ensure the normal operation of the fuel cell 5.

[0061] pass Figure 6 It can be seen that in Comparative Example 1, the flow rate of anode hydrogen changes suddenly at the moment of exhaust, and more hydrogen is discharged into the air. The flow rate of the entire flow channel changes frequently and greatly, which has a large impact on the entire system, causing a large amount of waste and aggravating pipeline damage. Under the control method of the present invention, the flow rate of hydrogen changes little and is not exhausted to the air, which completely saves hydrogen while reducing the impact on the pipeline and increasing its service life.

[0062] pass Figure 7It can be seen that the hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell 5 working under the control method of the present invention (Examples 1-8) are 2192.9ml, 2104.7ml, 2133.4ml, 2185.5ml, 2198ml, 2160.4ml, 2135ml, and 2161ml, respectively, while the hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell 5 in Comparative Example 1 is 4143.2ml, which fully proves that the control method of the present invention combined with the scavenging and recycling system of the present invention can effectively reduce hydrogen consumption and improve hydrogen utilization.

[0063] In summary, the use of the scavenging gas recycling system in combination with the control method of the present invention can significantly save hydrogen consumption while ensuring the normal operation of the fuel cell 5.

Claims

1. An air-cooled PEMFC low hydrogen consumption anode scavenging and recycling system, characterized by: The scavenging gas recycling system comprises a first pressure sensor (1), a first solenoid valve (2), an air intake pipe (3), an air outlet pipe (7), a second pressure sensor (8), an anode rear end water vapor management device (9), and a voltage sensor. One end of the air intake pipe (3) is connected to a gas source, and the other end of the air intake pipe (3) is connected to an anode flow channel air intake port (4) of a fuel cell (5). The first pressure sensor (1) and the first solenoid valve (2) are sequentially installed on the air intake pipe (3) according to a gas flow direction. One end of the air outlet pipe (7) is connected to an anode flow channel air outlet port (6) of the fuel cell (5). The other end of the air outlet pipe (7) is connected to the anode rear end water vapor management device (9), and the second pressure sensor (8) is installed on the air outlet pipe (7). The rear end of the anode rear end water vapor management device (9) is provided with an air outlet path for discharging the gas in the anode rear end water vapor management device (9). A third solenoid valve (10) is installed on the air outlet path. The first pressure sensor (1), the first solenoid valve (2), the second pressure sensor (8), and the third solenoid valve (10) are all connected to the host computer for communication. The fuel cell (5) is connected to the voltage sensor for communication, and the voltage sensor is connected to the host computer for communication.

2. The air-cooled PEMFC low hydrogen consumption anode purge gas recovery system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anode rear end water and gas management device (9) comprises a box (901) and a baffle (902); the outlet pipe (7) is connected to the box (901); the baffle (902) is fixedly installed in the box (901); and the baffle (902) is located on the gas travel path from the outlet pipe (7) into the box (901).

3. The air-cooled PEMFC low hydrogen consumption anode purge gas recovery system according to claim 2, characterized in that: A liquid discharge port (903) is provided at the bottom of the box body (901), and a second solenoid valve (904) is installed at the liquid discharge port (903); a liquid level meter (905) is installed in the box body (901), and the liquid level meter (905) is communicatively connected to a host computer, and the host computer is communicatively connected to the second solenoid valve (904).

4. A control method for an air-cooled PEMFC low hydrogen consumption anode purge gas recycling system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The control method comprises the following steps: S1: opening the gas source, opening the first solenoid valve (2), and adjusting the gas flow rate output by the gas source so that the gas pressure in the gas inlet pipe (3) reaches the operating condition of the fuel cell (5), so that the fuel cell (5) can operate normally; S2: In the step S1, after the fuel cell (5) runs for a period of time T, the voltage of the fuel cell (5) decays. When the voltage of the fuel cell (5) decays to 95% of the normal operating voltage, the host computer controls the first solenoid valve (2) to close, and the first solenoid valve (2) remains closed until P1-P8=5KPa, wherein P1 is the pressure detected by the first pressure sensor (1), in units of KPa, and P8 is the pressure detected by the second pressure sensor (8), in units of KPa. The host computer controls the first solenoid valve (2) to open, and the host computer controls the first solenoid valve (2) to close and open in sequence until the fuel cell (5) completes the operation.

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