Microstrip antenna and radar

Abstract

The invention provides a microstrip antenna and a radar. In the microstrip antenna provided by the invention, the feed network is in mirror symmetry in the first direction and is in central symmetry in the second direction, so that the feed network has symmetry consistency. According to the microstrip antenna, the design of the feed network can be greatly simplified, the processing difficulty is reduced, a large-scale microstrip antenna can be realized at low cost, the problem of poor cross polarization performance caused by the long microstrip transmission line is solved, and the radiation efficiency of the microstrip antenna is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to antenna technology, and in particular to a microstrip antenna and a radar. Background Art

[0002] Microstrip antennas are widely used in many fields such as vehicle-mounted and traffic security due to their small size and easy integration. Compared with traditional microstrip antennas, large-scale radar microstrip antennas are more likely to achieve narrow directivity and high gain.

[0003] In large-scale microstrip antennas, as the size of the antenna array increases, the design complexity of the feeding network also increases. At the same time, due to the long microstrip lines between the patch antenna units in large-scale microstrip antennas, it will also cause problems such as poor cross-polarization performance, making large-scale microstrip antennas difficult to realize. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the present disclosure provides a microstrip antenna and a radar.

[0005] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a microstrip antenna, comprising:

[0006] dielectric substrate;

[0007] A feeding network and a plurality of patch antenna units are arranged on the dielectric substrate, the plurality of patch antenna units are connected through the feeding network to form a square antenna array, the feeding network is arranged axially symmetrically in a first direction with a central axis perpendicular to the first direction as a center axis and is arranged centrally symmetrically in a second direction.

[0008] In some possible implementations of the first aspect of the present disclosure, the feeding network adopts a structure of multiple T-junction power dividers cascaded in the first direction, and the structure of the multiple T-junction power dividers cascaded in the first direction is symmetrical about the central axis.

[0009] In some possible implementations of the first aspect of the present disclosure, the feeding network uses an impedance-matching microstrip line in the second direction.

[0010] In some possible implementations of the first aspect of the present disclosure, the feeding network and the multiple patch antenna units are in the same plane.

[0011] In some possible implementations of the first aspect of the present disclosure, the spacings between adjacent patch antenna units in the first direction are equal, and the spacings between adjacent patch antenna units in the second direction are equal.

[0012] In some possible implementations of the first aspect of the present disclosure, the spacing between adjacent patch antenna units in the first direction is adjusted according to a feeding network.

[0013] In some possible implementations of the first aspect of the present disclosure, the spacing between adjacent patch antenna units in the first direction is 0.6 times the wavelength of air.

[0014] In some possible implementations of the first aspect of the present disclosure, a ground layer is provided on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate.

[0015] In some possible implementations of the first aspect of the present disclosure, the patch antenna unit is a rectangular metal patch.

[0016] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a radar is provided, wherein the radar includes the above-mentioned microstrip antenna.

[0017] It can be seen from the above technical solution that the microstrip antenna provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure has a feeding network that is mirror-symmetric in the first direction and centrally symmetric in the second direction, and has symmetry consistency, which greatly simplifies the design of the feeding network, reduces the scale of antenna arrays with the same beam width designed in related technologies, reduces the processing difficulty, and enables large-scale microstrip antennas to be realized at a lower cost. At the same time, it also solves the problem of poor cross-polarization performance caused by the long microstrip transmission line, and effectively improves the radiation efficiency of the microstrip antenna. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present disclosure. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a microstrip antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0020] Figure 2 The figure is a schematic diagram of the structure and connection of a T-junction power divider according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 3 The structure and connection diagram of the impedance matching microstrip line involved in the embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] Description of Figure Numbers:

[0023] 100 microstrip antenna

[0024] 110 dielectric substrate

[0025] 120 patch antenna units

[0026] 130 Feeding Network

[0027] 131 Impedance Matching Microstrip Line

[0028] 132T type power divider DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0030] The terms used in the embodiments of the present disclosure are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. The singular forms "a", "said" and "the" used in the embodiments of the present disclosure and the appended claims are also intended to include plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates other meanings.

[0031] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a microstrip antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of an impedance matching microstrip line 131 in a feeding network 130 in a microstrip antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of a T-junction power divider 132 in a feeding network 130 in a microstrip antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0032] See also Figure 1 The microstrip antenna 100 provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure may include: a dielectric substrate, a feeding network 130 arranged on the dielectric substrate, and a plurality of patch antenna units 120, wherein the plurality of patch antenna units 120 are connected through the feeding network 130 to form a square antenna array, and the feeding network 130 is arranged axially symmetrically in a first direction with a central axis perpendicular to the first direction as a center axis and is arranged centrally symmetrically in a second direction.

[0033] Here, the square shape refers to a quadrilateral with four right angles. In some examples, the antenna array formed by the plurality of patch antenna units 120 in the microstrip antenna 100 is in the shape of a square.

[0034] In the microstrip antenna 100 provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the feeding network 130 is mirror-symmetric in the first direction and centrally symmetric in the second direction, and has symmetry consistency, which greatly simplifies the design of the feeding network 130, reduces the scale of antenna arrays with the same beam width designed in the related art, reduces the processing difficulty, and enables large-scale microstrip antennas to be realized at a lower cost. At the same time, it also solves the problem of poor cross-polarization performance caused by the long microstrip transmission line, and effectively improves the radiation efficiency of the microstrip antenna.

[0035] In specific applications, the material selection of the dielectric substrate 110 directly affects the performance indicators of the microstrip antenna, such as bandwidth, gain, and efficiency. In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the plate material of the dielectric substrate 110 in the microstrip antenna can be selected based on factors such as the operating frequency, dielectric loss, thermal stability, mechanical properties, and cost required for the actual application. In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the dielectric substrate 110 can be made of high-frequency microwave plate or other similar materials. Different application scenarios have different requirements for the plate material of the dielectric substrate 110. Therefore, a suitable material can be selected as the dielectric substrate 110 of the microstrip antenna as needed.

[0036] A grounding layer is provided on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 110. Specifically, the grounding layer may be a metal plate on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 110. In the microstrip antenna structure, the grounding layer helps to form a transmission line to ensure effective transmission of signals.

[0037] See also Figure 1 , the feeding network 130 and the plurality of patch antenna units 120 are in the same plane. Thus, in the antenna array formed by connecting the plurality of patch antenna units 120 through the feeding network 130, the layout of the patch antenna units 120 is completely consistent with the feeding network 130, so that the antenna array is also mirror-symmetrical in the first direction and centrally symmetrical in the second direction, and has symmetric consistency, which can further reduce the processing difficulty of the microstrip antenna and reduce the implementation cost of large-scale microstrip antennas. At the same time, it can ensure that the signal is evenly distributed between the patch antenna units 120, which helps to improve the overall radiation efficiency of the antenna array.

[0038] In some examples, the patch antenna unit 120 may be a rectangular metal patch. In other implementations, the patch antenna unit 120 may also be in other forms, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0039] In some examples, the spacing between adjacent patch antenna units 120 in the first direction can be equal, and the spacing between adjacent patch antenna units 120 in the second direction can be equal, that is, the patch antenna units 120 in the antenna array are spaced at the same intervals. In this way, it is easier to achieve beamforming through phase control, so that energy is concentrated in a specific direction to form a narrow beam. In addition, this also makes the design and manufacturing process of the antenna array more standardized and simplified, which can further reduce the manufacturing cost of the microstrip antenna.

[0040] In a specific application, the spacing between adjacent patch antenna units 120 in the first direction can be adjusted according to the feeding network 130. In one example, the spacing between adjacent patch antenna units 120 in the first direction can be set to 0.6 times the wavelength of air, and fine-tuning is performed on this basis according to the feeding network 130 to obtain a reasonable spacing between the patch antenna units 120. By adjusting the spacing between the patch antenna units 120, it is helpful to form a narrow beam, while improving the gain and optimizing the radiation characteristics of the antenna.

[0041] The feeding network 130 may include a microstrip line and a micro power divider.

[0042] For some examples, see Figure 1 The feeding network 130 may adopt a structure of a plurality of T-junction power dividers 132 cascaded in the first direction, and the structure of the plurality of T-junction power dividers 132 cascaded is symmetrical about the central axis in the first direction. Figure 2 An exemplary structure of a T-junction power divider 132 is shown. Since the T-junction power divider 132 is a simple three-port network with a simple structure and easy design, multiple signals can be distributed through the same power divider and have obvious symmetry, the feed network 130 is realized by using a cascade structure of T-junction power dividers 132, which not only makes it easier to form a large-scale microstrip antenna, but also ensures that it has better symmetry consistency.

[0043] See also Figure 1 , a cavity is provided on the patch antenna unit 120, and the T-junction power divider 132 can be connected to the patch antenna unit 120 through the cavity. The T-junction power divider 132 is connected to the patch antenna unit 120 through the cavity, which can realize the series feeding of the patch antenna unit 120. By adjusting the shape and position of the cavity, the maximum beam pointing of the microstrip antenna can be changed, thereby realizing the radiation enhancement in a specific direction. This design is very useful in applications such as radar that require directional radiation. In addition, the cavity can also increase the radiation concentration of the antenna, thereby improving the antenna gain. In addition, by optimizing the design of the cavity, the working bandwidth of the antenna can be broadened, so that it can work effectively in a wider frequency range. In addition, the T-junction power divider 132 is connected to the patch antenna unit 120 through the cavity, and the integration of the feeding network 130 and the patch antenna unit 120 can also be realized, which helps to simplify the design and manufacture of the microstrip antenna and reduce costs.

[0044] For some examples, see Figure 1 , the feeding network 130 may use an impedance matching microstrip line 131 in the second direction. Figure 3An exemplary structure of an impedance matching microstrip line 131 is shown. Using the impedance matching microstrip line 131 to form a centrally symmetric feeding network 130 in the second direction can reduce high-frequency noise and overshoot, broaden the antenna bandwidth, improve the overall antenna efficiency, and reduce the microstrip line transmission length of the patch antenna unit 120, thereby solving the problem of poor cross-polarization performance caused by the long microstrip transmission line.

[0045] In addition, an embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a radar, which includes the aforementioned microstrip antenna.

[0046] The technical solution provided by the present disclosure is described in detail above. The principles and implementation methods of the present disclosure are described in detail using specific examples. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core idea of ​​the present disclosure. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of ​​the present disclosure, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present disclosure.

[0047] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure and is not intended to limit the present disclosure. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present disclosure should be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A microstrip antenna, characterized in that: include: dielectric substrate; A feeding network and a plurality of patch antenna units are arranged on the dielectric substrate, the plurality of patch antenna units are connected through the feeding network to form a square antenna array, the feeding network is arranged axially symmetrically in a first direction with a central axis perpendicular to the first direction as a center axis and is arranged centrally symmetrically in a second direction.

2. The microstrip antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding network adopts a structure of multiple T-junction power dividers cascaded in the first direction, and the structure of the multiple T-junction power dividers cascaded in the first direction is symmetrical with the central axis as the axis.

3. The microstrip antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding network adopts an impedance matching microstrip line in the second direction.

4. The microstrip antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding network and the plurality of patch antenna units are in the same plane.

5. The microstrip antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spacings between adjacent patch antenna units in the first direction are equal, and the spacings between adjacent patch antenna units in the second direction are equal.

6. The microstrip antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The spacing between adjacent patch antenna units in the first direction is adjusted according to the feeding network.

7. The microstrip antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: The spacing between adjacent patch antenna units in the first direction is 0.6 times the wavelength of air.

8. The microstrip antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: A grounding layer is provided on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate.

9. The microstrip antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The patch antenna unit is a rectangular metal patch.

10. A radar, characterized in that: The radar comprises the microstrip antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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