Motor

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of internet, and discloses a motor which comprises at least one first magnet and at least one second magnet, the first magnet and the second magnet can rotate relative to each other, and at least one magnetic pole of the first magnet is wrapped by a wire; the wrapping direction of the wire is different from the relative rotation direction of the first magnet and the second magnet, and the heteropolar distance between the magnetic pole end, wrapped by the wire, of the first magnet and the second magnet is close to the homopolar distance. The motor has the advantages of stable rotating speed, high efficiency, low cost, less electromagnetic interference, low noise and long service life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of motors, and in particular to a direct current (DC) powered motor. Background Art

[0002] The advantages of AC motors are simple structure, high reliability, easy maintenance, low cost, etc., but its disadvantages are small starting torque, unstable speed, low efficiency, etc. DC motors have advantages such as large starting torque, stable speed, high efficiency, etc., but their disadvantages are complex structure, difficult maintenance, high cost, etc. Existing DC motors include brushed motors and brushless motors. Brushed motors are also called carbon brush motors. Brushed DC motors have high torque, simple structure, and low cost. They use mechanical commutation. The external magnetic poles are stationary while the internal coils (armatures) are moving. The commutator and the rotor coils rotate together. The brushes and magnets are not stationary, so the commutator and the brushes rub against each other to complete the switching of the current direction. The sparks generated by the mechanical commutation of the brushed motor cause friction between the commutator and the brushes, electromagnetic interference, high noise, and short life; poor reliability, many failures, and frequent maintenance are required; due to the existence of the commutator, the rotor inertia is limited, the maximum speed is limited, and the dynamic performance is affected. The existing brushless motor is also called DC variable frequency motor (BLDC) in some fields. It is composed of a motor body and a driver. It is a typical mechatronics product. The DC brushless motor is a type of synchronous motor, which means that the speed of the motor rotor is affected by the speed of the motor stator rotating magnetic field and the number of rotor poles. When the number of rotor poles is fixed, the rotor speed can be changed by changing the frequency of the stator rotating magnetic field. However, during the operation of the brushless motor body, wear and ripple torque will be generated, which will cause the stator rotation frequency to be destroyed again after correction, resulting in unstable torque output by the motor, which will affect the normal operation of the equipment and cause additional energy loss. The internal friction and wear of the motor will also shorten the service life of the motor. The existence of stator teeth in permanent magnet brushless DC motors will lead to uneven air gap and inevitably produce cogging torque; cogging torque is an inherent phenomenon of permanent magnet brushless DC motors. It is the force caused by the interaction between the permanent magnet and the armature teeth of the permanent magnet brushless DC motor when no current is passed through the armature winding. The tangential component of this interaction force is the cogging torque; some major harmonic orders will increase the cogging torque of the permanent magnet brushless DC motor. The existence of cogging torque will cause torque pulsation, which will cause vibration and noise of the motor, affecting the control accuracy of the entire system and is not conducive to the stable operation of the brushless DC motor. Summary of the invention

[0003] The invention provides a brushless DC motor without electronic commutation, which has the advantages of stable speed, high efficiency, low cost, less electromagnetic interference, low noise and long service life.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is to provide a motor, including at least one first magnet and at least one second magnet, the first magnet is arranged to be relatively rotatable with the second magnet, and at least one magnetic pole of the first magnet is wrapped by a wire; the direction of the wire wrapping is different from the direction of relative rotation between the first magnet and the second magnet, and the magnetic end point of the first magnet wrapped by the wire is closer to the opposite pole than the same pole of the second magnet.

[0005] As a preferred embodiment, the direction in which the wire is wrapped is perpendicular or nearly perpendicular to the direction in which the first magnet and the second magnet rotate relative to each other.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment, one end of the first magnet-wrapped wire is provided with a through hole perpendicular to the magnetic field axis, and the wire passes through the through hole and is wound around the through hole and the end of the first magnet-wrapped wire.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment, two sides of one end of the first magnet wrapped around the conductive wire are covered by at least one layer of conductive sheets, and the directions of the currents in the conductive sheets are consistent.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment, one end of the first magnet wire wrapping is spaced apart from the wire or a layer of non-magnetic conductive material is disposed between the wire.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment, the invention comprises a first base plate and a second base plate which are coaxially arranged, a plurality of first magnets are radially arranged on the first base plate, a plurality of second magnets are radially arranged on the second base plate, and all ends of the wires wrapped by the first magnets are arranged at the same or similar radius, and all the second magnets with opposite poles to the ends of the wires wrapped by the first magnets are also arranged at the same or similar radius; Or it includes a first base and a second base arranged coaxially, wherein a plurality of first magnets are radially arranged on the first base, and all the first magnet-wrapped wire ends are arranged at the same or similar radius, and the second base is correspondingly provided with an axially magnetic annular magnet at the same or similar radius, and the axially magnetic annular magnet is arranged with opposite poles opposite to the first magnet-wrapped wire ends.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment, a magnetic reinforcement sheet extending outward is adsorbed on at least one magnetic pole of the first magnet, and the wire is wrapped around the magnetic reinforcement sheet; Alternatively, the first magnet is an annular magnet with axial magnetism, and the two poles of the first magnet are respectively adsorbed with annular magnetic reinforcement plates extending into the ring, and the wire is wrapped around the magnetic reinforcement plates; the second magnet is also an annular magnet with axial magnetism, and the second magnet is rotatably arranged between the two magnetic reinforcement plates of the first magnet.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment, the first magnet is an axially magnetic cylindrical magnet, the two poles of the first magnet are respectively adsorbed with circular magnetic reinforcement plates extending outward, and the wire is wrapped around the magnetic reinforcement plates; the second magnet is an axially magnetic annular magnet, and the second magnet is rotatably arranged between the two magnetic reinforcement plates of the first magnet.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, the first magnet includes an axially magnetic annular magnet body or multiple block-shaped magnetic bodies surrounded in a ring shape, and the two poles of the first magnet are respectively adsorbed with annular magnetic reinforcement plates extending into the ring, and the annular magnetic reinforcement plate includes an extended end adsorbed with the first magnet and a middle annular portion, and the wire is wrapped around the annular portion.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment, the first magnet and / or the second magnet is an electromagnet or a permanent magnet. In the motor of the present invention, by wrapping a current-carrying wire around at least one magnetic pole of the first magnet, a second magnet that can rotate relative to the first magnet is also provided, the magnetic pole of the first magnet wrapped by the wire is closer to the distance between the opposite poles of the second magnet than the same poles, the magnetic pole of the first magnet wrapped by the wire and the corresponding magnetic pole of the second magnet generate a magnetic field in a fixed direction, and since the magnetic field of the magnetic pole wrapped by the current-carrying wire is from the outward or from the inside to the outside, the wire will generate an electromagnetic force at this time, causing the first magnet and the second magnet to rotate relative to each other. The present invention has the advantages of stable speed, high efficiency, low cost, less electromagnetic interference, low noise, and long life. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a first base plate according to a first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of a second base plate according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of a first magnet according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of a second magnet according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of another second magnet according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of a working embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a cross-sectional view of another working state of the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 A cross-sectional view showing the working principle of an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 9 This is a schematic structural diagram of another first magnet according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Fig.10This is a schematic structural diagram of another second base plate according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Fig.11 A cross-sectional view of another working embodiment of the present invention; Fig.12 This is a schematic structural diagram of an annular magnetic conductive sheet according to a second embodiment of the present invention; Fig.13 This is a schematic structural diagram of a first magnet according to a second embodiment of the present invention; Fig.14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second magnet in the second embodiment of the present invention; Fig.15 This is a cross-sectional view of the second embodiment of the present invention when it is working; Fig.16 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in which the second magnet is an electromagnet in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.17 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention in which the second magnet is an electromagnet; Fig.18 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the third embodiment of the present invention, in which the first magnet is an electromagnet; Fig.19 It is a cross-sectional view of the third embodiment of the present invention, in which the first magnet is an electromagnet; Fig. 20 This is a cross-sectional view of the third embodiment of the present invention when it is working. Implementation

[0015] refer to Figures 1 to 7 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a structure of a motor according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 , comprising a first base plate 310 and a second base plate 410 arranged coaxially, wherein at least one first magnet 110 is radially arranged on the first base plate 310, Figure 1 Eight first magnets 110 are radially fixed on the first base plate 310, referring to Figure 3 and Figure 4 The two magnetic poles 111 of the first magnet 110 are provided with through holes 113 perpendicular to the magnetic field axis, and a coil 112 is surrounded between the top end of the magnetic pole 111 and the through hole 113. At least one second magnet 210 is radially arranged on the second base plate 410. Figure 2 Eight second magnets 210 are radially fixed on the second base plate 410. In this embodiment, Figure 6 The first base plate 310 is a stator, fixed on a frame or a housing (such as Figure 7The housing 600 in the embodiment of the present invention is provided, and the second base plate 410 is fixed on the rotating shaft 500 as a rotor, and all the first magnets 110 are arranged at the same or similar radius of the first base plate 310, and all the second magnets 210 with opposite poles to the first magnets are also arranged at the same or similar radius of the second base plate 410, referring to the working principle diagram Figure 8 When a direct current flows through the coil 112 (clockwise current in the coil 112 in the figure), since the magnetic field is directed outward from the magnetic pole 111, the coil 112 will generate an electromagnetic force outward from the paper surface. Since the magnetic pole 111 is fixed, a reaction force inward from the paper surface is generated on the second magnet 210 on one or both sides, which is specifically manifested in a tangential force generated on the second base plate 410. When it is set that each group of first magnets 110 and second magnets 210 generates the same clockwise or counterclockwise tangential force, the second turntable 410 drives the rotating shaft 500 to rotate continuously in one direction.

[0016] In order to prevent the magnetic field generated by the coil 112 from interfering with the magnetic field of the magnetic pole 111, refer to Figure 5 , a layer of non-magnetic conductive material 114 is arranged between the magnetic pole 111 and the coil 112. In order to increase the output power of the motor, the first base plate 310 and the second base plate 410 can be staggered to form multiple pieces. Of course, in order to concentrate the magnetic field strength, magnetic conductive sheets can be added to the magnetic pole surfaces of the first magnet 110 and the second magnet 210.

[0017] Since providing the through hole 113 on the first magnet 110 will reduce the magnetic field strength, it is also possible not to provide the through hole. Fig. 9 The two magnetic poles of the first magnet 110 are covered with at least one layer of fence-type guide vanes 115. In order to prevent the current of the guide vanes 115 from being too large, each layer can be composed of multiple guide vanes 115 connected in series. The current direction in the guide vanes on each magnetic pole must be consistent. The guide vanes 115 can be multiple wide wires or a fence-type structure.

[0018] When the second magnet 210 and the first magnet 110 are arranged at intervals, when the second base plate 410 rotates, disturbances will be generated due to the uneven magnetic field. In order to avoid this problem, refer to Fig.10 and Fig.11 Two axially magnetic annular magnets 220 and 230 are arranged on the second base 410, wherein the polarity of the side of the annular magnet 220 facing the first base 310 is opposite to the polarity of the external magnetic pole of the first magnet 110, and the polarity of the side of the annular magnet 230 facing the first base 310 is opposite to the polarity of the internal magnetic pole of the first magnet 110.

[0019] refer to Figures 12 to 15 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second embodiment of the motor based on the above theory, Fig.13The first magnet 320 of this embodiment is an annular axial magnet, and an annular magnetic conductive sheet 120 is adsorbed on one side of the magnetic pole of the first magnet 320. The annular magnetic conductive sheet 120 includes a magnetic attraction ring portion 121 that is magnetically attracted to one side of the magnetic pole of the first magnet 320 and an extended ring portion 124 wound with a coil 123. In this embodiment, the magnetic attraction ring portion 121 is a sheet-shaped spaced portion arranged outside, and the extended ring portion 124 wound with the coil 123 is between the spaced sheets and the inner hole 122. Generally, the arc between the spaced sheets and the inner hole 122 is made as close as possible. The diameters are the same; thus, when the magnetic attraction ring portion 121 of the annular magnetic conductive sheet 120 is magnetically attracted to a magnetic pole on one side of the first magnet 320, such as the N pole, the extended ring portion 124 wound with the coil 123 will also appear as the N pole; in other embodiments, the first magnet 320 may be composed of magnetic blocks having the same number as the spaced sheet shapes, and of course, the spaced sheet shapes of the magnetic attraction ring portion 121 adsorbed on the same annular magnetic conductive sheet 120 are the same magnetic pole; in other embodiments, the magnetic attraction ring portion may also be a complete ring, and the surface of the extended ring portion is covered with a guide sheet as in the previous embodiment, which can be referred to Fig. 9 ; Fig.14 The second magnetic sheet 250 of this embodiment is also an annular axial magnetic magnet. The combination of the second magnetic sheet 250, the first magnet 320 and the annular magnetic conductive sheet 120 is shown in FIG. Fig.15 , multiple second magnets 250 are fixed on the rotating shaft 420, multiple annular magnetic conductive sheets 120 and the first magnet 120 connected in sequence are fixed on the frame or the housing, and its working principle is similar to that of Example 1. When the coil is energized, the second magnet 250 drives the rotating shaft 420 to rotate. Of course, the second magnet 250 can be a structure in which the center is the connecting ring 252 and the outer periphery and the opposite surface of the extension ring part 124 are the magnetic ring part 251; the second magnet can also be a whole annular magnet, and the outer periphery and the opposite surface of the extension ring part are analyzed and provided with two magnetic conductive sheets. When the housing is to be rotated, the second magnet can also be fixed on the housing, and the first magnet can be fixed on the central axis. Two annular magnetic conductive sheets larger than the first magnet are adsorbed on the two side magnetic poles of the first magnet, and the extension ring part wrapped with the coil or covered with the conductive sheet is where the annular magnetic conductive sheet is not adsorbed with the first magnet, and the second magnet is arranged between the two extension ring parts. When the coil or the conductive sheet is energized, the second magnet drives the rotating housing to rotate.

[0020] The second magnet 240 is an electromagnet. The difference from the previous embodiment is that when the second magnet is an electromagnet, Fig.16 and Fig.17 The second magnet 240 includes a second excitation portion 241 having a ring shape and a middle hole 242, and a second excitation coil 243 is wound around the second excitation portion 241. This second electromagnet can be applied to the first and second embodiments.

[0021] refer to Figures 18 to 20is a schematic diagram of the structure of the third embodiment of the motor based on the above theory, referring to Fig.18 and Fig.19 When the first magnet is an electromagnet, the first magnet 130 includes a first excitation part 132 fixed on the rotating shaft 510, and the first excitation part 132 is surrounded by a first excitation coil 135. A ring-shaped magnetic conductive sheet 131 is provided on one side of the first excitation part 132, and a through hole 133 is provided on the ring-shaped magnetic conductive sheet 131. A coil 134 is wound between the through hole 133 and the outer ring surface, and the coil 134 is connected to the first excitation coil 135. The diameter of the second magnet 230 is larger than the diameter of the first excitation part 132. When assembling, refer to Fig. 20 The second magnet 230 is fixed on the shell 620, and the first magnet 130 is fixed on the central axis 520. When the coil or the guide plate is energized, the first excitation coil 135 makes the annular magnetic conductive plate 131 have a unipolar magnetism, and the electromagnetic reaction force generated by the coil 134 makes the second magnet 230 drive the rotating shell to rotate.

[0022] The above disclosure is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, which certainly cannot be used to limit the scope of the present invention. Therefore, equivalent changes made according to the claims of the present invention are still within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A motor, characterized in that: It includes at least one first magnet and at least one second magnet, the first magnet is arranged to be relatively rotatable with the second magnet, at least one magnetic pole of the first magnet is wrapped by a wire; the direction of the wire wrapping is different from the direction of relative rotation of the first magnet and the second magnet, and the magnetic end of the first magnet wrapped by the wire is closer to the opposite pole than the same pole of the second magnet.

2. The motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The direction in which the wire is wrapped is perpendicular or nearly perpendicular to the direction in which the first magnet and the second magnet rotate relative to each other.

3. The motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the first magnet-wrapped wire is provided with a through hole perpendicular to the magnetic field axis, and the wire passes through the through hole and is wound around the through hole and the end of the first magnet-wrapped wire.

4. The motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two sides of one end of the first magnet wrapped around the conducting wire are covered by at least one layer of conducting sheets, and the directions of the currents in the conducting sheets are consistent.

5. The motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the first magnet wire wrapping is spaced apart from the wire or a layer of non-magnetic conductive material is disposed between the wire.

6. The motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: It comprises a first base plate and a second base plate arranged coaxially, a plurality of first magnets are radially arranged on the first base plate, a plurality of second magnets are radially arranged on the second base plate, and all the ends of the wires wrapped by the first magnets are arranged at the same or similar radius, and all the second magnets with opposite poles to the ends of the wires wrapped by the first magnets are also arranged at the same or similar radius; Or it includes a first base and a second base arranged coaxially, wherein a plurality of first magnets are radially arranged on the first base, and all the first magnet-wrapped wire ends are arranged at the same or similar radius, and the second base is correspondingly provided with an axially magnetic annular magnet at the same or similar radius, and the axially magnetic annular magnet is arranged with opposite poles opposite to the first magnet-wrapped wire ends.

7. The motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A magnetic reinforcement sheet extending outward is adsorbed on at least one magnetic pole of the first magnet, and the wire is wrapped around the magnetic reinforcement sheet; Alternatively, the first magnet is an annular magnet with axial magnetism, and the two poles of the first magnet are respectively adsorbed with annular magnetic reinforcement plates extending into the ring, and the wire is wrapped around the magnetic reinforcement plates; the second magnet is also an annular magnet with axial magnetism, and the second magnet is rotatably arranged between the two magnetic reinforcement plates of the first magnet.

8. The motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first magnet is an axially magnetic cylindrical magnet, and the two poles of the first magnet are respectively adsorbed with circular magnetic reinforcement plates extending outward, and the wire is wrapped around the magnetic reinforcement plates; the second magnet is an axially magnetic annular magnet, and the second magnet is rotatably arranged between the two magnetic reinforcement plates of the first magnet.

9. The motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first magnet includes an axially magnetic annular magnet body or a plurality of block-shaped magnetic bodies surrounded in a ring shape. The two poles of the first magnet are respectively adsorbed with an annular magnetic reinforcement sheet extending into the ring. The annular magnetic reinforcement sheet includes an extended end adsorbed with the first magnet and an intermediate annular portion. The wire is wrapped around the annular portion.

10. The motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first magnet and / or the second magnet is an electromagnet or a permanent magnet.

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