Energy management integrated circuit suitable for temperature difference and vibration combined energy taking and control method

Abstract

The invention discloses an energy management integrated circuit suitable for temperature difference vibration combined energy taking and a control method. The circuit comprises a VPG circuit, a TEG boost conversion circuit and a combined output circuit. The combined output circuit comprises a voltage limiter and a shunt regulator; the outputs of the TEG and the VPG are connected with the voltage limiter; and the voltage limiter is connected with the shunt regulator. The TEG boost conversion circuit uses a low-voltage ring oscillator and a charge pump to convert a low TEG voltage into an intermediate auxiliary voltage for supplying power to the starting pulse generator circuit; the VPG circuit firstly rectifies and filters an input voltage, after the VPG circuit is conducted, the rectified voltage serves as an input voltage of the buck-boost converter, and the buck-boost converter outputs a current; the combined output circuit synthesizes the output currents of the TEG and the VPG and provides an output voltage for an actual load. The power management integrated circuit can supply power to the sensor, so that self power supply of the converter valve sensor is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of power transmission and transformation equipment, and relates to a scheme design of wireless sensor node energy acquisition and management system in a converter valve intelligent monitoring system, and more specifically, to an energy management integrated circuit topology structure and control method suitable for temperature difference vibration combined energy acquisition. Background Art

[0002] UHV DC transmission technology is the most economical and effective means to solve the problem of large-capacity and long-distance power transmission, and plays a vital role in the large-scale development of renewable energy. The converter valve is the core equipment of the UHV DC converter station. It is expensive and plays a significant role. Once the converter valve fails, it will not only cause the DC transmission to stop operating, but in severe cases, it may also cause the converter valve or valve hall to catch fire, causing a major safety accident.

[0003] The converter valve is a system with large volume, numerous components and complex structure. Figure 1 As shown, its main function is to realize AC-DC (rectification) or DC-AC (inversion) conversion. The basic valve module consists of a saturated reactor, a thyristor and a control trigger unit, with the thyristor being its core device. There are many reasons for converter valve failure and fire accidents. In addition to design and manufacturing problems, they also include local overheating of key components, looseness caused by vibration, insulation failure caused by leakage and aging of components, etc. These problems will affect the entire DC transmission project and will cause huge economic losses in serious cases.

[0004] Traditional converter valve monitoring technology mainly relies on remote detection of monitoring probes in the valve hall, manual inspections, and regular shutdowns for maintenance. There is a lack of direct monitoring methods for the physical quantities of key converter valve components (such as temperature, vibration, pressure, torque, etc.), and it is impossible to obtain data in a timely and effective manner to analyze and evaluate the status of the converter valve.

[0005] At present, the development of Internet of Things technology is changing with each passing day, and it also provides new ideas for solving the above problems. By deploying wireless sensor nodes at key positions of converter valves, a variety of physical quantity data can be directly obtained, providing analysis and judgment basis for the operation and maintenance of converter valves, timely and effectively discovering safety problems of equipment, and ensuring safe and reliable operation of converter valves and DC power transmission. However, there are also problems with the large-scale deployment of wireless sensor nodes on converter valves. The most core of these is that traditional Internet of Things wireless sensor nodes are all powered by batteries, which on the one hand brings fire hazards and additional risks to the safe operation of converter valves, and on the other hand increases the maintenance work and cost of later operation and maintenance. Therefore, how to realize the de-batteryization of sensor nodes is the top priority for online monitoring of converter valve status using Internet of Things technology in the future.

[0006] Prior art document 1 (CN115267620A) discloses a converter valve guide busbar connection status monitoring device and monitoring method. Its shortcoming is that it focuses on the overall sensor architecture design and the optimization of the control strategy, and does not specifically describe the energy management circuit suitable for temperature difference and vibration combined energy extraction. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an energy management integrated circuit topology suitable for temperature difference and vibration combined energy extraction. Aiming at the operation and maintenance status of converter valves in ultra-high voltage direct current transmission systems and the demand for battery-free wireless sensor nodes in online monitoring systems, a solution for combined energy extraction using temperature difference and vibration in converter valve components is proposed, and the battery-free wireless sensor nodes are realized in conjunction with the energy management system.

[0008] The present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0009] A first aspect of the present invention provides an energy management integrated circuit suitable for temperature difference and vibration combined energy extraction, comprising:

[0010] The VPG circuit is used to rectify and filter the input VPG voltage and output the converted current;

[0011] A TEG boost conversion circuit is used to boost the TEG voltage to supply power to the start pulse generator circuit and output current;

[0012] A combined output circuit, including: a voltage limiter and a shunt regulator, for synthesizing the output currents of the TEG boost converter circuit and the VPG circuit to provide an output voltage for an actual load;

[0013] The output of the TEG boost converter circuit and the output of the VPG circuit are connected to a voltage limiter; and the voltage limiter is connected to a shunt regulator.

[0014] Preferably, the VPG circuit comprises: a VPG circuit positive input terminal INP_VPG, a VPG circuit negative input terminal INN_VPG, a rectifier circuit, and a buck-boost converter;

[0015] The buck-boost converter includes: a power good circuit, a circuit regulator, an oscillator, a maximum selector, a gate driver, a transistor PSWI, a transistor MSWI, a transistor MSWO and an inductor Lbuckboost;

[0016] The positive input terminal INP_VPG and the negative input terminal INN_VPG of the VPG circuit are connected to the input terminal of the rectifier circuit, the output terminal of the rectifier circuit is connected in parallel with a power good circuit, the inductor Lbuckboost is connected between the output of the rectifier circuit and ground, and the output of the power good circuit and the circuit regulator output are connected to the oscillator;

[0017] The input end of the oscillator is connected to the rectifier circuit, and the output end of the oscillator is connected to the maximum selector; the maximum selector output and the oscillator output are connected to the gate driver; the gate driver is connected to the transistor PSWI, the transistor MSWI and the transistor MSWO;

[0018] Preferably, the TEG boost converter circuit comprises: a positive input terminal INP_TEG of the TEG boost converter circuit, a negative input terminal INN_TEG of the TEG boost converter circuit, a boost terminal BST_TEG of the TEG boost converter circuit, an auxiliary terminal AUX_TEG of the TEG boost converter circuit, a low voltage ring oscillator, a start pulse generator, a comparator, a COT pulse generator, a power good circuit, a transistor MSENSE and a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor MSTART, a boost inductor Lboost, a resistor RD, a transistor MMAIN, and a boost diode DBST;

[0019] The positive output terminal of TEG is connected to the positive input terminal INP_TEG of the TEG boost conversion circuit, and the negative output terminal of TEG is connected to the negative input terminal INN_TEG of the TEG boost conversion circuit and is grounded;

[0020] The positive output terminal of TEG is connected to the boost terminal BST_TEG of the TEG boost conversion circuit through the boost inductor Lboost.

[0021] The boost terminal BST_TEG of the TEG boost conversion circuit is connected to the positive electrode of the boost diode DBST, and the negative electrode of the boost diode DBST is connected to the auxiliary terminal AUX_TEG of the TEG boost conversion circuit.

[0022] The positive input terminal INP_TEG of the TEG boost converter circuit is connected to the low voltage ring oscillator and the charge pump respectively, the two output terminals of the low voltage ring oscillator are connected to the input terminal of the charge pump, the output terminal of the charge pump is connected to the buffer capacitor CBUF in parallel, and is also connected to the gate of the transistor MSENSE and the drain of the transistor MSENSE;

[0023] The comparator's non-inverting input terminal is connected to the positive input terminal INP_TEG of the TEG boost converter circuit, the comparator's inverting input terminal is connected to the negative input terminal INN_TEG of the TEG boost converter circuit via the negative gain -RST, the comparator's positive power supply terminal is connected to the cathode of the boost diode DBST, the comparator's negative power supply terminal is grounded, and the comparator's output terminal is connected to the pulse generating terminal pulse of the COT pulse generator; the power good circuit inputs the Power Good signal to the signal input terminal of the COT pulse generator, and the output terminal of the COT pulse generator is connected to the transistor MMAIN;

[0024] The output end of the charge pump is connected to the power supply end of the start pulse generator circuit, the output end of the start pulse generator is connected to the gate of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor MSTART, the drain of the start metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor MSTART is connected to the boost end BST_TEG of the TEG boost conversion circuit, the source of the start metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor MSTART is grounded, and the current threshold monitoring end ith of the start pulse generator is connected to the boost end BST_TEG of the TEG boost conversion circuit through the resistor RD;

[0025] Preferably, the combined output circuit comprises: a voltage limiter and a shunt regulator;

[0026] The voltage limiter includes: a transistor MEDGOUT and a transistor MTEGOUT, a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3 and a resistor R4, an operational amplifier U1 and an operational amplifier U3;

[0027] The resistor R1 and the resistor R2 are connected in parallel, and the end point of the parallel connection is connected to the input end of the operational amplifier U1;

[0028] The resistor R3 and the resistor R4 are connected in parallel, and the end point of the parallel connection is connected to the input end of the operational amplifier U3;

[0029] The input terminals of the operational amplifier U1 and the operational amplifier U3 are connected, the output terminal of U1 is connected to the transistor MTEGOUT, and the output terminal of U3 is connected to the transistor MEDGOUT;

[0030] The shunt regulator includes: a voltage reference, an operational amplifier U2, a transistor MNSHUNT, a resistor RFB1, and a resistor RFB2;

[0031] The resistor RFB1 and the resistor RFB2 are connected in parallel, the end point where the resistor RFB1 and the resistor RFB2 are connected in parallel and the voltage reference are connected to the input end of the operational amplifier U2, and the output end of the operational amplifier U2 is connected to the transistor MNSHUNT;

[0032] A second aspect of the present invention provides a control method for an energy management integrated circuit suitable for temperature difference vibration combined energy extraction, based on the above-mentioned energy management integrated circuit suitable for temperature difference vibration combined energy extraction, comprising:

[0033] The TEG boost converter circuit uses a low-voltage ring oscillator and a charge pump to boost the TEG voltage and convert it into an intermediate auxiliary voltage for powering the start pulse generator circuit. After the boost is completed, the TEG boost converter circuit operates in a continuous current mode and finally outputs current;

[0034] The VPG circuit first rectifies and filters the input voltage, and the power good circuit determines whether the rectified voltage reaches the preset voltage. If it reaches the preset voltage, the VPG circuit is turned on, and the rectified voltage is used as the input voltage of the buck-boost converter, and the buck-boost converter outputs the current;

[0035] The voltage limiter in the combined output circuit receives the output current of the TEG boost converter circuit and the VPG circuit, provides an output voltage higher than the target output voltage of the integrated circuit, and the current flowing through the voltage limiter is fed to the shunt regulator to prevent overvoltage.

[0036] Preferably, the intermediate auxiliary voltage in the TEG boost converter circuit for powering the start pulse generator circuit is sensed by a current flowing through the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor MSENSE. When the current reaches a certain level, the transistor MSTART is turned on and the boost inductor is energized and magnetized.

[0037] Preferably, after a certain period of time, the transistor MSTART is turned off, the energy of the inductor is transferred to the capacitor CTEG, the output voltage of the TEG boost converter circuit starts to increase, and the boost start-up process is repeated until the output voltage of the TEG boost converter circuit can power the normal boost circuit.

[0038] Preferably, after the boost start process is completed, the constant on-time pulse generator takes over the start circuit, and when the input voltage is higher than the input current multiplied by the TEG source resistance, the COT pulse is triggered, and the input impedance is equal to the TEG source resistance, so that the entire TEG boost conversion circuit operates in continuous current mode.

[0039] Preferably, the core of the buck-boost converter includes transistors PSWI, MSWI and MSWO and an inductor Lbuckboost. When transistors PSWI and MSWO are turned on, the current through the inductor Lbuckboost will increase over time at a rate proportional to the output voltage of the rectifier circuit.

[0040] Preferably, when the current reaches the maximum current allowed by the inductor Lbuckboost, the transistors PSWI and MSWO are turned off, the transistor MSWI is turned on, and the current through the inductor Lbuckboost flows from the ground through MSWI to the transistor MEDGOUT.

[0041] Preferably, the current output by the TEG boost conversion circuit and the VPG circuit passes through the inductor Lboost and the inductor Lbuckboost, and the inductor generates a voltage. If the voltage generated by the inductor Lboost is lower than the limiting voltage of the voltage limiter, the transistor MTEGOUT connected to the TEG boost conversion circuit is turned off. If the voltage generated by the inductor Lbuckboost is lower than the limiting voltage of the voltage limiter, the transistor MEDGOUT connected to the VPG circuit is turned off to prevent reverse power leakage.

[0042] Preferably, the current flowing through the voltage limiter is fed to a shunt regulator connected in parallel with the power management integrated circuit load. The shunt regulator monitors the output voltage and adjusts the current through the transistor MNSHUNT to absorb the corresponding excess current and dissipate the excess power, thereby preventing overvoltage from occurring when the electric energy generated by the TEG boost converter circuit and the VPG circuit is not consumed by the load.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include at least:

[0044] The present invention fully considers the vibration and heat generated during the operation of the UHV converter valve module, utilizes thermoelectric and vibration energy harvesters to obtain electrical energy, and combines the invented power management integrated circuit to power the sensor, thereby realizing self-powering of the converter valve sensor to meet the monitoring requirements of the core equipment of the converter valve.

[0045] The topology of the power management circuit has the following main features:

[0046] Control of the power management circuitry is performed in the analog domain, so power consumption is low and speed is high.

[0047] There is no direct interaction between TEG and VPG outputs, avoiding mutual influence.

[0048] If the PMIC output is overloaded, the converter's output voltage will not collapse.

[0049] The PMIC output can be connected to a small capacitor or a supercapacitor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0051] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the main components of the converter valve in the prior art;

[0052] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an electrical model of a VPG internal circuit provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an electrical model of a TEG internal circuit provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 4 This is a diagram of the architecture of a power management integrated circuit for temperature difference and vibration combined energy extraction provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 5 It is a top-level topological block diagram of an integrated circuit provided according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical scheme of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. The described embodiments are only embodiments of a part of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the spirit of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0057] The valve module of the UHV converter valve usually vibrates and generates heat during normal operation. Since the operating frequency of my country's power system is 50Hz, the vibration of the converter valve module caused by this is usually mainly 50Hz. Therefore, a vibration-powered generator (VPG) with 50Hz as the resonance point can obtain energy from the vibration of the converter valve. On the other hand, when the converter valve module is working, the temperature of the component can reach above 45°C, which has a large temperature difference with the ambient temperature in the valve hall. A thermoelectric generator (TEG) can be used to obtain energy from the heating components of the converter valve. However, these two energy collectors obtain different types of electrical energy, namely AC source and DC source. If they are to be used on IoT sensors at the same time, the energy obtained needs to be processed separately.

[0058] There are many types of VPG, which can be roughly divided into two types: electromagnetic induction type and piezoelectric effect type. The former is more common and more widely used. Therefore, this invention only considers the former, whose structure is a magnet spring damping system. Through coupling with vibration, an induced current is repeatedly generated through the coil. The power source is an AC source. Its electrical model is as follows: Figure 2 As shown. The input transconductance converts mechanical acceleration into a current to drive a resonator that represents the dynamic mechanical behavior. The series resistor and inductor are the resistance and inductance of the VPG internal circuit itself. To use the VPG voltage to power the sensor, it must be rectified first. This prevents negative voltages on the chip and related problems. The rectified voltage is then converted to stabilize it at the voltage required for the sensor to operate.

[0059] The electrical model of TEG can be represented by a DC voltage source connected in series with a resistor, such as Figure 3 As shown. Rs represents the resistance, such as 10Ω. When the temperature difference between the two ends of the TEG is 10~16℃, Figure 3 The voltage generated by the medium voltage source is between 0.2V and 0.65V. Voltages in this range are usually not directly usable by IoT sensors and require dc-dc conversion. An inductive boost converter is used here to increase the voltage.

[0060] According to the above-mentioned power source, the present invention designs a power management integrated circuit (PMIC) architecture that combines temperature difference and vibration to obtain energy. By using VPG and TEG, it can effectively obtain energy from the vibration and heat generated by the converter valve module during operation to power the sensor. Figure 4 The detailed topology of the integrated circuit is given. Figure 5 The top-level topology block diagram of the integrated circuit is given, which mainly consists of three parts: TEG-related boost conversion circuit (Boost), VPG-related buck-boost conversion circuit (Buckboost) and combined output circuit (REG).

[0061] The TEG boost converter circuit uses a low voltage ring oscillator and a charge pump to convert the low TEG voltage of 0.3V to an intermediate auxiliary voltage of about 1.4V for powering the start pulse generator (START) circuit. The auxiliary voltage is sensed by the current flowing through the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) MSENSE. This current is a proportionally reduced sample of the current flowing through the start transistor MSTART. Once the current is high enough, the transistor MSTART will turn on, and the boost inductor Lboost will be energized and magnetized. After a certain time (several microseconds), the transistor MSTART is turned off. At this time, the energy of the inductor is transferred to the capacitor CTEG, and the output voltage of the boost converter circuit begins to increase. During the startup process, the entire boost converter circuit operates in discontinuous current mode (DCM).

[0062] The boost startup process is repeated until the output voltage of the boost converter circuit is high enough to power the normal boost circuit. This voltage is detected by a common power good (Power Good) circuit. At this point, the constant on time (COT) pulse generator takes over the startup circuit. When the input voltage is higher than the input current multiplied by the TEG source resistance, the COT pulse is triggered. This makes the input impedance equal to the TEG source resistance (assuming that the fluctuations in the current are small). As a result, the entire boost converter circuit operates in continuous current mode (CCM).

[0063] The VPG circuit first rectifies the available voltage. The rectified voltage is then filtered to keep it essentially constant. The VPG circuit turns on only when the rectified voltage is high enough (determined by another power good circuit). The rectified voltage is the input to a buck-boost converter. The converter consists of three switches that operate in DCM mode, and the switching times are determined by an oscillator. The period and duty cycle of the oscillator depend on the input and output voltages. The output of the VPG circuit is directly coupled to the output circuit of the entire power management integrated circuit (PMIC). Except for the gate driver, all parts of the VPG circuit are powered by the voltage directly generated by the VPG, making them independent of the output voltage of the PMIC. For the gate driver, the gate of the high-voltage MOS transistor MSWI connected to it is driven by the highest available supply voltage to minimize its on-resistance.

[0064] The combined output circuit combines the outputs of the two TEG boost converter circuits and the VPG circuit to provide an output voltage for the actual load. Both collector outputs are connected to voltage limiters. The limit voltage is set to 100 to 300 mV higher than the PMIC output voltage. The current flowing through the voltage limiter is fed to the shunt regulator in parallel with the PMIC load. In this way, the collector output voltage is kept constant at a level sufficient to provide the required voltage margin (in the range of 100 to 300 mV) for the output voltage regulator. If the PMIC output voltage is higher than the output voltage of one of the collector converters, the output MOS transistor of the corresponding voltage limiter will be turned off so that the collector circuit will not load on the output of the PMIC.

[0065] As a prominent essential feature of the present invention and one of the significant advances it brings to the prior art, the present invention proposes an energy management integrated circuit architecture suitable for combined energy harvesting from temperature difference and vibration, introduces the functions of each module and the design of the integrated circuit, and the temperature difference and vibration energy harvesting energy management integrated circuit topology structure designed by the present invention is dedicated to the converter valve scenario in the UHV DC transmission system.

[0066] like Figure 4 As shown, embodiment 1 of the present invention provides an energy management integrated circuit suitable for temperature difference and vibration combined energy harvesting, including: a VPG (vibration-powered generator) circuit, a TEG (thermo-electric generator) circuit and a combined output circuit.

[0067] It is worth noting that the valve module of the UHV converter valve usually vibrates and generates heat during normal operation. Since the operating frequency of my country's power system is 50Hz, the vibration of the converter valve module caused by this is usually mainly 50Hz. Therefore, a vibration-powered generator (VPG) with 50Hz as the resonance point can obtain energy from the vibration of the converter valve. On the other hand, when the converter valve module is working, the temperature of the assembly components can reach above 45°C, which has a large temperature difference with the ambient temperature in the valve hall. A thermoelectric generator (TEG) can be used to obtain energy from the heating components of the converter valve. However, these two energy collectors obtain different types of electrical energy, namely AC source and DC source. If they want to be used on IoT sensors at the same time, the energy obtained needs to be processed separately.

[0068] There are many types of VPG, which can be roughly divided into two types: electromagnetic induction type and piezoelectric effect type. The former is more common and more widely used. Therefore, this invention only considers the former, whose structure is a magnet spring damping system. Through coupling with vibration, an induced current is repeatedly generated through the coil. The power source is an AC source. Its electrical model is as follows: Figure 2 As shown. The input transconductance converts mechanical acceleration into a current to drive a resonator that represents the dynamic mechanical behavior. The series resistor and inductor are the resistance and inductance of the VPG internal circuit itself. To use the VPG voltage to power the sensor, it must be rectified first. This prevents negative voltages on the chip and related problems. The rectified voltage is then converted to stabilize it at the voltage required for the sensor to operate.

[0069] The electrical model of TEG can be represented by a DC voltage source connected in series with a resistor, such as Figure 3 As shown. Rs represents the resistance, such as 10Ω. When the temperature difference between the two ends of the TEG is 10~16℃, Figure 3 The voltage generated by the medium voltage source is between 0.2V and 0.65V. Voltages in this range are usually not directly usable by IoT sensors and require dc-dc conversion. An inductive boost converter is used here to increase the voltage.

[0070] According to the above-mentioned electric energy source, as one of the outstanding essential features of the present invention, the present invention provides a power management integrated circuit (Power Management Integrated Circuit, PMIC) architecture that combines temperature difference and vibration energy extraction. By using VPG and TEG, it can effectively obtain energy from the vibration and heat generated by the converter valve module during operation to power the sensor. Figure 4The topological structure of the integrated circuit is given, which mainly consists of three parts: TEG boost conversion circuit, VPG circuit and combined output circuit.

[0071] The TEG boost converter circuit uses a low voltage ring oscillator and a charge pump to convert the low TEG voltage of 0.3V to an intermediate auxiliary voltage of about 1.4V for powering the startup pulse generator circuit. The auxiliary voltage is sensed by the current flowing through the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) MSENSE. This current is a proportionally reduced sample of the current flowing through the start transistor MSTART. Once the current is high enough, the transistor MSTART will turn on, and the boost inductor Lboost will be energized and magnetized. After a certain time (several microseconds), the transistor MSTART is turned off. At this time, the energy of the inductor is transferred to the capacitor CTEG, and the output voltage of the TEG boost converter circuit begins to increase. During the startup process, the entire TEG boost converter circuit operates in discontinuous current mode (DCM).

[0072] The boost startup process is repeated until the output voltage of the TEG boost converter circuit is high enough to power the normal boost circuit. This voltage is detected by a common power good (Power Good) circuit. At this point, the constant on time (COT) pulse generator takes over the startup circuit. When the input voltage is higher than the input current multiplied by the TEG source resistance, the COT pulse is triggered. This makes the input impedance equal to the TEG source resistance (assuming that the fluctuations in the current are small). As a result, the entire TEG boost converter circuit operates in continuous current mode (CCM).

[0073] The TEG boost conversion circuit includes: a TEG boost conversion circuit positive input terminal INP_TEG, a TEG boost conversion circuit negative input terminal INN_TEG, a TEG boost conversion circuit boost terminal BST_TEG, a TEG boost conversion circuit auxiliary terminal AUX_TEG, a low voltage ring oscillator, a start pulse generator, a comparator, a COT pulse generator, a power good circuit, a boost inductor Lboost, a resistor RD, a boost diode DBST and a transistor MMAIN.

[0074] The positive output terminal of the TEG boost conversion circuit is connected to the positive input terminal INP_TEG of the TEG boost conversion circuit, and the negative output terminal of the TEG boost conversion circuit is connected to the negative input terminal INN_TEG of the TEG boost conversion circuit and is grounded;

[0075] The positive output end of the TEG boost converter circuit is connected to the boost end BST_TEG of the TEG boost converter circuit through the boost inductor Lboost.

[0076] The boost terminal BST_TEG of the TEG boost conversion circuit is connected to the positive electrode of the boost diode DBST, and the negative electrode of the boost diode DBST is connected to the auxiliary terminal AUX_TEG of the TEG boost conversion circuit.

[0077] The positive input terminal INP_TEG of the TEG boost converter circuit is connected to the low-voltage ring oscillator and the charge pump respectively, the two output terminals of the low-voltage ring oscillator are connected to the input terminal of the charge pump, the output terminal of the charge pump is connected in parallel with a buffer capacitor CBUF, and is also connected to the gate of the transistor MSENSE, and is connected to the drain of the transistor MSENSE.

[0078] The power good circuit detects the voltage across the capacitor CTEG. The power good circuit inputs the Power Good signal to the signal input of the COT pulse generator. The output of the COT pulse generator is connected to the transistor MMAIN. The output of the charge pump is connected to the power supply of the start pulse generator circuit. The output of the start pulse generator circuit is connected to the gate of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor MSTART. The drain of the start metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor MSTART is connected to the boost terminal BST_TEG of the TEG boost converter circuit. The source of the start metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor MSTART is grounded. The current threshold monitoring terminal ith of the start pulse generator circuit is connected to the boost terminal BST_TEG of the TEG boost converter circuit through the resistor RD. It is used to determine whether the charge pump output voltage is high enough to properly turn on the transistor MSTART. We check this by estimating the current in the transistor MSENSE. The current through the transistor MSENSE is proportionally scaled by the current through MSTART.

[0079] The non-inverting input terminal of the comparator is connected to the positive input terminal INP_TEG of the TEG boost converter circuit, the inverting input terminal of the comparator is connected to the negative input terminal INN_TEG of the TEG boost converter circuit via the negative gain -RST, the positive power supply terminal of the comparator is connected to the cathode of the boost diode DBST, the negative power supply terminal of the comparator is grounded, and the output terminal of the comparator is connected to the pulse generating terminal pulse of the COT pulse generator.

[0080] The drain of transistor MMAIN is connected to the boost diode DBST. This is the "standard" connection of a MOS switch and an output diode in a boost converter. Transistor MPBST is a PMOS transistor that acts as an active diode (it has a lower voltage drop and is suitable for higher currents) and replaces the function of the boost diode DBST when the TEG boost converter circuit is in the active state.

[0081] The gain RST on the left side of the comparator is used to measure the voltage across the resistor RM. In view of the direction of the current flowing through RM, the voltage here is negative, so the gain is a negative number. The value after multiplying the two is positive, and then the positive value is connected as the inverting input of the comparator.

[0082] The VPG circuit first rectifies the available voltage. The rectified voltage is then filtered to keep it essentially constant. The VPG circuit turns on only when the rectified voltage is high enough (determined by another power good circuit). The rectified voltage is the input to the buck-boost converter. The core of the converter consists of three switches (transistor PSWI, transistor MSWI, transistor MSWO) operating in DCM mode, and the switching time is determined by the oscillator. The period and duty cycle of the oscillator depend on the input and output voltages. The output of the VPG circuit is directly coupled to the output circuit of the entire power management integrated circuit (PMIC). Except for the gate driver, all other parts of the VPG circuit are powered by the voltage directly generated by the VPG circuit, making it independent of the output voltage of the PMIC. For the gate driver, the gate of the high-voltage MOS transistor MSWI connected to it is driven by the highest available supply voltage to minimize its on-resistance.

[0083] The VPG circuit includes: a VPG circuit positive input terminal INP_VPG, a VPG circuit negative input terminal INN_VPG, a rectifier circuit, and a buck-boost converter.

[0084] The positive input terminal INP_VPG and the negative input terminal INN_VPG of the VPG circuit are connected to the input terminal of the rectifier circuit, and the output terminal of the rectifier circuit is connected in parallel with a power good circuit.

[0085] The buck-boost converter includes: a power good circuit (Power Good), a circuit regulator (Regulator), an oscillator (Oscillator), a maximum selector (Max sel), a gate driver (Gatedriver), a transistor PSWI, a transistor MSWI, a transistor MSWO and an inductor Lbuckboost.

[0086] The output of the power good circuit is connected to the oscillator to provide power information. The output of the voltage regulator is connected to the oscillator to provide the power supply voltage for the oscillator. The voltage regulated by the voltage regulator is used to protect the low voltage devices in the oscillator. The oscillator uses the rectified input voltage (vi) and the output voltage (vo) of the PMIC circuit to determine the correct oscillation frequency and duty cycle. The oscillator port vi is connected to the rectifier circuit as an input terminal, and the oscillator port vo is connected to the maximum selector as an output terminal. The selector selects the highest available voltage between the input voltage vi and the output voltage vo as the power supply voltage for the gate driver of the transistor PSWI, the transistor NSWI and the transistor NSWO, so that these devices can obtain the lowest on-resistance and achieve the best efficiency. The output of the oscillator is connected to the gate driver to provide a drive signal. The gate driver is connected to the transistor PSWI, the transistor MSWI and the transistor MSWO. The core of the buck-boost converter includes the transistor PSWI, the transistor MSWI and the transistor MSWO and the inductor Lbuckboost. When the transistor PSWI and the transistor MSWO are turned on, the inductor Lbuckboost is connected between the output of the rectifier circuit and the ground. The current through the inductor will increase over time, at a rate proportional to the rectifier circuit output voltage. After a while, when the current is large enough, transistors PSWI and MSWO will turn off, and transistor MSWI will turn on. The current through the inductor Lbuckboost now flows from ground through transistor MSWI to transistor MEDGOUT. The output of the buck-boost converter is a current.

[0087] The combined output circuit includes: a voltage limiter and a shunt regulator.

[0088] The voltage limiter includes: a transistor MEDGOUT and a transistor MTEGOUT, a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3 and a resistor R4, an operational amplifier U1 and an operational method device U3.

[0089] The resistor R1 and the resistor R2 are connected in parallel, and the end point of the parallel connection is connected to the input end of the operational amplifier U1;

[0090] The resistor R3 and the resistor R4 are connected in parallel, and the end point of the parallel connection is connected to the input end of the operational amplifier U3;

[0091] Input terminals of the operational amplifier U1 and the operational amplifier U3 are connected, the output terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is connected to the transistor MTEGOUT, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier U3 is connected to the transistor MEDGOUT.

[0092] The shunt regulator includes: a voltage reference, an operational amplifier U2, a transistor MNSHUNT, a resistor RFB1, and a resistor RFB2.

[0093] The resistor RFB1 and the resistor RFB2 are connected in parallel, and the end point where the resistor RFB1 and the resistor RFB2 are connected in parallel and the voltage reference are connected to the input end of the operational amplifier U2, and the output end of the operational amplifier U2 is connected to the transistor MNSHUNT.

[0094] The combined output circuit synthesizes the outputs of the TEG boost converter circuit and the VPG circuit to provide an output voltage for the actual load. Both collector outputs are connected to voltage limiters. The outputs of the TEG boost converter circuit and the VPG circuit are actually currents: currents through the inductor Lboost and the inductor Lbuckboost. When these inductors are powered on and switched to the output circuit, the current is ideally connected directly to the PMIC output. Specifically, the ideal situation is that the voltage generated by the inductor is higher than the output voltage. Since Schottky diodes have a forward voltage drop and their maximum current is too low at a reasonable leakage current. Therefore, on the basis of using Schottky diodes, an active circuit is added in which the PMOS (transistor MEDGOUT or transistor MTEGOUT) is controlled. The operational amplifier U1 and the operational amplifier U3 form a first negative feedback amplifier with the transistor MEDGOUT, the operational amplifier U1 and the operational amplifier U3 form a second negative feedback amplifier with the transistor MTEGOUT, the output of the VPG circuit is connected to the first feedback amplifier, and the output of the TEG boost converter is connected to the second negative feedback amplifier. Through the resistor sensing network, ensure that the amplifier (with PMOS as the output stage) regulates the source voltage of the PMOS to a value several hundred millivolts higher than the target output voltage of the PMIC. Generally speaking, this limit voltage is set to 100 to 300mV higher than the PMIC output voltage. If the voltage is lower, that is, when the voltage generated by the inductor Lboost or the inductor Lbuckboost is lower than the limit voltage, the operational amplifier will turn off its corresponding PMOS. In this way, it can be ensured that no output power leaks back to the converter through the PMOS. In addition, if one of the converters cannot provide power, the corresponding PMOS remains turned off.

[0095] The current flowing through the voltage limiter is ultimately connected to a large energy storage device, which can be a battery or a large capacitor. If the TEG boost converter circuit and the VPG circuit can obtain a large amount of power but there is no load to consume this energy, overvoltage must be actively prevented. This is achieved by dissipating the excess power. The current flowing through the voltage limiter is fed to a shunt regulator connected in parallel with the PMIC load. The shunt regulator monitors the output voltage and adjusts the current through MNSHUNT to absorb the corresponding excess current. This is only feasible and efficient in the case of power levels of several milliwatts. In this way, the collector output voltage is kept constant and its level is sufficient to provide the required voltage headroom (in the range of 100 to 300mV) for the output voltage regulator. If the PMIC output voltage is higher than one of the collector converter output voltages, the output MOS transistor of the corresponding voltage limiter will be turned off so that the collector circuit will not load the output of the PMIC.

[0096] As a prominent substantive feature of the present invention and one of the significant advances it brings to the prior art, a temperature difference vibration energy harvesting energy management integrated circuit topology structure specifically for the converter valve scenario in a UHV DC transmission system is designed. The use of integrated circuits can effectively reduce the area of ​​the sensor energy management circuit, reduce operating power consumption, and improve the efficiency of temperature difference vibration energy harvesting.

[0097] Embodiment 3 of the present invention provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the computer program is loaded into the processor, the temperature difference vibration energy harvesting energy management integrated circuit according to embodiment 1 is implemented.

[0098] Embodiment 4 of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and is characterized in that when the computer program is executed by a processor, the temperature difference vibration energy harvesting energy management integrated circuit according to embodiment 1 is implemented.

[0099] The present disclosure may be a system, a method and / or a computer program product. The computer program product may include a computer-readable storage medium carrying computer-readable program instructions for causing a processor to implement various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0100] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, ordinary technicians in the relevant field should understand that the specific implementation methods of the present invention can still be modified or replaced by equivalents, and any modifications or equivalent replacements that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy management integrated circuit suitable for temperature difference vibration combined energy extraction, characterized in that: include: VPG circuit, TEG boost conversion circuit and combined output circuit, wherein: The VPG circuit is used to rectify and filter the input VPG voltage and output the converted current; A TEG boost conversion circuit is used to boost the TEG voltage to supply power to the start pulse generator circuit and output current; A combined output circuit, including: a voltage limiter and a shunt regulator, for synthesizing the output currents of the TEG boost converter circuit and the VPG circuit to provide an output voltage for an actual load; The output of the TEG boost converter circuit and the output of the VPG circuit are connected to a voltage limiter; and the voltage limiter is connected to a shunt regulator.

2. An energy management integrated circuit suitable for temperature difference and vibration combined energy extraction as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The VPG circuit includes: a VPG circuit positive input terminal INP_VPG, a VPG circuit negative input terminal INN_VPG, a rectifier circuit, and a buck-boost converter; The buck-boost converter includes: a power good circuit, a circuit regulator, an oscillator, a maximum selector, a gate driver, a transistor PSWI, a transistor MSWI, a transistor MSWO and an inductor Lbuckboost; The positive input terminal INP_VPG and the negative input terminal INN_VPG of the VPG circuit are connected to the input terminal of the rectifier circuit, the output terminal of the rectifier circuit is connected in parallel with a power good circuit, the inductor Lbuckboost is connected between the output of the rectifier circuit and ground, and the output of the power good circuit and the circuit regulator output are connected to the oscillator; The input end of the oscillator is connected to the rectifier circuit, and the output end of the oscillator is connected to the maximum selector; the maximum selector output and the oscillator output port are connected to the gate driver; the gate driver is connected to transistor PSWI, transistor MSWI and transistor MSWO.

3. An energy management integrated circuit suitable for temperature difference and vibration combined energy extraction as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The TEG boost converter circuit includes: a positive input terminal INP_TEG of the TEG boost converter circuit, a negative input terminal INN_TEG of the TEG boost converter circuit, a boost terminal BST_TEG of the TEG boost converter circuit, an auxiliary terminal AUX_TEG of the TEG boost converter circuit, a low voltage ring oscillator, a start pulse generator, a comparator, a COT pulse generator, a power good circuit, a transistor MSENSE and a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor MSTART, a boost inductor Lboost, a resistor RD, a transistor MMAIN, and a boost diode DBST; The positive output terminal of the TEG boost conversion circuit is connected to the positive input terminal INP_TEG of the TEG boost conversion circuit, and the negative output terminal of the TEG boost conversion circuit is connected to the negative input terminal INN_TEG of the TEG boost conversion circuit and is grounded; The positive output terminal of the TEG boost converter circuit is connected to the boost terminal BST_TEG of the TEG boost converter circuit through the boost inductor Lboost; The boost terminal BST_TEG of the TEG boost conversion circuit is connected to the anode of the boost diode DBST, and the cathode of the boost diode DBST is connected to the auxiliary terminal AUX_TEG of the TEG boost conversion circuit; The positive input terminal INP_TEG of the TEG boost converter circuit is connected to the low voltage ring oscillator and the charge pump respectively, the two output terminals of the low voltage ring oscillator are connected to the input terminal of the charge pump, the output terminal of the charge pump is connected to the buffer capacitor CBUF in parallel, and is also connected to the gate of the transistor MSENSE and the drain of the transistor MSENSE; The comparator's non-inverting input terminal is connected to the positive input terminal INP_TEG of the TEG boost converter circuit, the comparator's inverting input terminal is connected to the negative input terminal INN_TEG of the TEG boost converter circuit via the negative gain -RST, the comparator's positive power supply terminal is connected to the cathode of the boost diode DBST, the comparator's negative power supply terminal is grounded, and the comparator's output terminal is connected to the pulse generating terminal pulse of the COT pulse generator; the power good circuit inputs the Power Good signal to the signal input terminal of the COT pulse generator, and the output terminal of the COT pulse generator is connected to the transistor MMAIN; The output end of the charge pump is connected to the power supply end of the start pulse generator circuit, the output end of the start pulse generator is connected to the gate of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor MSTART, the drain of the start metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor MSTART is connected to the boost end BST_TEG of the TEG boost conversion circuit, the source of the start metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor MSTART is grounded, and the current threshold monitoring end ith of the start pulse generator is connected to the boost end BST_TEG of the TEG boost conversion circuit through the resistor RD.

4. An energy management integrated circuit suitable for temperature difference and vibration combined energy extraction as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The voltage limiter includes: a transistor MEDGOUT and a transistor MTEGOUT, a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3 and a resistor R4, an operational amplifier U1 and an operational method device U3; The resistor R1 and the resistor R2 are connected in parallel, and the end point of the parallel connection is connected to the input end of the operational amplifier U1; The resistor R3 and the resistor R4 are connected in parallel, and the end point of the parallel connection is connected to the input end of the operational amplifier U3; The input terminals of the operational amplifier U1 and the operational amplifier U3 are connected, the output terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is connected to the transistor MTEGOUT, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier U3 is connected to the transistor MEDGOUT; The shunt regulator includes: a voltage reference, an operational amplifier U2, a transistor MNSHUNT, a resistor RFB1 and a resistor RFB2; The resistor RFB1 and the resistor RFB2 are connected in parallel, and the end point where the resistor RFB1 and the resistor RFB2 are connected in parallel and the voltage reference are connected to the input end of the operational amplifier U2, and the output end of the operational amplifier U2 is connected to the transistor MNSHUNT.

5. A control method for an energy management integrated circuit suitable for temperature difference vibration combined energy extraction, based on the energy management integrated circuit suitable for temperature difference vibration combined energy extraction according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The TEG boost converter circuit uses a low-voltage ring oscillator and a charge pump to boost the TEG voltage and convert it into an intermediate auxiliary voltage for powering the start pulse generator circuit. After the boost is completed, the TEG boost converter circuit operates in a continuous current mode and finally outputs current; The VPG circuit first rectifies and filters the input voltage, and the power good circuit determines whether the rectified voltage reaches the preset voltage. If it reaches the preset voltage, the VPG circuit is turned on, and the rectified voltage is used as the input voltage of the buck-boost converter, and the buck-boost converter outputs the current; The voltage limiter in the combined output circuit receives the output current of the TEG boost converter circuit and the VPG circuit, provides an output voltage higher than the target output voltage of the integrated circuit, and the current flowing through the voltage limiter is fed to the shunt regulator to prevent overvoltage.

6. A control method for an energy management integrated circuit suitable for temperature difference and vibration combined energy extraction as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The intermediate auxiliary voltage in the TEG boost converter circuit for powering the start pulse generator circuit is sensed by the current flowing through the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor MSENSE. When the current reaches a certain level, the transistor MSTART is turned on, and the boost inductor Lboost is energized and magnetized.

7. A control method for an energy management integrated circuit suitable for temperature difference and vibration combined energy extraction as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: After several microseconds, the transistor MSTART is turned off, the energy of the inductor is transferred to the capacitor CTEG, and the output voltage of the TEG boost converter circuit begins to increase. The boost startup process is repeated until the output voltage of the TEG boost converter circuit can power the normal boost circuit.

8. A control method for an energy management integrated circuit suitable for temperature difference and vibration combined energy extraction as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: After the boost startup process is completed, the constant on-time pulse generator takes over the startup circuit. When the input voltage is higher than the input current multiplied by the TEG source resistance, the COT pulse is triggered and the input impedance is equal to the TEG source resistance, so that the entire TEG boost conversion circuit operates in continuous current mode.

9. A control method for an energy management integrated circuit suitable for temperature difference and vibration combined energy extraction as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The core of the buck-boost converter includes transistor PSWI, transistor MSWI and transistor MSWO and inductor Lbuckboost. When transistor PSWI and transistor MSWO are turned on, the current through inductor Lbuckboost will increase over time at a rate proportional to the output voltage of the rectifier circuit.

10. A control method for an energy management integrated circuit suitable for temperature difference and vibration combined energy extraction as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: When the current reaches the maximum current allowed by the inductor Lbuckboost, the transistors PSWI and MSWO are turned off, the transistor MSWI is turned on, and the current through the inductor Lbuckboost flows from the ground through the transistor MSWI to the transistor MEDGOUT.

11. A control method for an energy management integrated circuit suitable for temperature difference and vibration combined energy extraction as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The current output by the TEG boost conversion circuit and the VPG circuit passes through the inductor Lboost and the inductor Lbuckboost, and the inductor generates a voltage. If the voltage generated by the inductor Lboost is lower than the limiting voltage of the voltage limiter, the transistor MTEGOUT connected to the TEG boost conversion circuit is turned off. If the voltage generated by the inductor Lbuckboost is lower than the limiting voltage of the voltage limiter, the transistor MEDGOUT connected to the VPG circuit is turned off to prevent reverse power leakage.

12. A control method for an energy management integrated circuit suitable for temperature difference and vibration combined energy extraction as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that: The current flowing through the voltage limiter is fed to a shunt regulator connected in parallel with the load of the power management integrated circuit. The shunt regulator monitors the output voltage and adjusts the current through the transistor MNSHUNT to absorb the corresponding excess current and dissipate the excess power, thereby preventing overvoltage from occurring when the power generated by the TEG boost conversion circuit and the VPG circuit is not consumed by the load.

Images