Fermented feed for feeding nursery pigs as well as preparation method and application of fermented feed

Abstract

The invention provides a fermented feed for feeding nursery pigs as well as a preparation method and application of the fermented feed. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing a fermentation substrate, a fermentation additive, zymophyte and a fermentation enzyme to obtain a mixed material; performing anaerobic fermentation on the mixed material to obtain a fermented feed; wherein the fermentation substrate comprises corn DDGS, rice bran meal, bran and wheat, the fermentation additive comprises yeast cell walls and yeast powder, the zymophyte comprises saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and bacillus, and the fermentation enzyme comprises protease and cellulase. The fermented feed provided by the invention can solve the problem of lack of corn and soybean meal-free feed suitable for nursery pigs in the prior art, and is suitable for the field of animal feed; the feed is applied to nursery pigs in a liquid feeding manner, can improve the growth performance, improve the intestinal health, enhance the immunity and increase the breeding benefits, and has a wide application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of animal feed, and in particular to a fermented feed for feeding nursery pigs, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] When piglets transition from the lactation period to the nursery period, they not only face changes in their living environment, but also adjustments in feed types and nutrient sources. These changes often constitute a significant stressor for piglets, leading to decreased growth performance, especially adaptive problems in the digestive system, such as intestinal damage and dysbacteriosis, which can easily cause diarrhea. In addition, as maternal antibodies gradually decrease after weaning, the immune function of piglets will also decline temporarily, which further increases the risk of disease infection. Therefore, finding effective methods to improve the digestion and absorption capacity and immunity of nursery pigs and reduce the diarrhea rate is a key issue in the current pig farming industry.

[0003] Traditional fermented feeds are mostly based on corn and soybean meal. Through microbial fermentation, the macromolecular nutrients can be converted into small molecules that are more easily absorbed by animals. At the same time, beneficial metabolites such as lactic acid and malic acid are produced, which are beneficial for maintaining intestinal health and improving feed utilization. However, with the development of animal husbandry, the demand for corn and soybean meal has risen sharply, especially the supply problem of soybean meal, which has affected the feed cost and the stability of the supply chain. Therefore, reducing and replacing corn and soybean meal in feed and exploring more diverse feed resources can achieve the sustainable development of animal husbandry. Summary of the invention

[0004] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a fermented feed for feeding nursery pigs and a preparation method and application thereof, so as to solve the problem of lack of corn-free and soybean meal-free feed suitable for nursery pigs in the prior art.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing a fermented feed for feeding nursery pigs, the preparation method comprising: mixing a fermentation substrate, a fermentation additive, a fermentation bacteria and a fermentation enzyme to obtain a mixed material; performing anaerobic fermentation on the mixed material to obtain a fermented feed; wherein the fermentation substrate comprises corn DDGS, rice bran meal, bran and wheat, the fermentation additive comprises yeast cell walls and yeast powder, the fermentation bacteria comprises yeast, lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus, and the fermentation enzyme comprises protease and cellulase.

[0006] Furthermore, the fermentation matrix includes: 40-55 parts of corn DDGS, 20-30 parts of rice bran meal, 5-10 parts of bran and 5-10 parts of wheat.

[0007] Furthermore, the fermentation additives include: 5-15 parts of yeast cell walls and 5-15 parts of yeast powder.

[0008] Further, the fermentation bacteria include: 0.01-3 parts of yeast powder, 0.01-3 parts of lactic acid bacteria powder and 0.01-3 parts of bacillus powder; preferably, the yeast includes one or more of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida utilis, and Kluyveromyces marxianus; more preferably, the number of live bacteria in the yeast powder is 50-300 billion cfu / g; preferably, the lactic acid bacteria include one or more of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Pediococcus acidilactici, Enterococcus faecalis or Enterococcus faecium; more preferably, the number of live bacteria in the lactic acid bacteria powder is 100-100 billion cfu / g; preferably, the bacillus includes one or more of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus brevis, Bacillus lentus or Bacillus laterosporus; more preferably, the number of live bacteria in the bacillus powder is 100-100 billion cfu / g.

[0009] Furthermore, the fermentation enzymes include: 0.01-1 parts of protease and 0.01-1 parts of cellulase; preferably, the enzymatic activity of the protease is 50,000-300,000 U / g; preferably, the enzymatic activity of the cellulase is 5,000-100,000 U / g.

[0010] Further, the anaerobic fermentation includes fermenting the mixed material using a fermentation tank, a fermentation box or a breathing bag; preferably, the temperature of the anaerobic fermentation is 25-45° C.; preferably, the time of the anaerobic fermentation is 2-10 days.

[0011] Furthermore, using a fermentation tank for anaerobic fermentation includes: naturally piling the mixed material in the fermentation tank and fermenting it after covering it with a film; preferably, using a fermentation box for anaerobic fermentation includes: placing the mixed material in the fermentation box for sealed fermentation, and the loading factor of the fermentation box is 90%-100%; preferably, using a breathing bag for anaerobic fermentation includes: placing the mixed material in a fermentation bag containing a breathing valve for sealed fermentation.

[0012] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, according to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fermented feed prepared by the above-mentioned method for preparing fermented feed for feeding nursery pigs, in which the number of live lactic acid bacteria in the fermented feed is ≥3 billion cfu / g, and based on the mass of dry matter, the mass proportion of crude protein in the fermented feed is ≥20%, the mass proportion of acid-soluble protein in the crude protein is ≥30%, the mass proportion of lactic acid in the fermented feed is ≥3.5%, the mass proportion of mannan in the fermented feed is ≥8%, and the mass proportion of β-glucan in the fermented feed is ≥15%.

[0013] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, according to the third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fermented feed prepared by the above-mentioned method for preparing fermented feed for feeding nursery pigs or the use of the above-mentioned fermented feed in nursery pig breeding.

[0014] Furthermore, the above application includes: configuring the fermented feed into liquid feed and then feeding it to nursery pigs; the dry matter mass of the fermented feed accounts for 5%-10% of the dry matter mass in the liquid feed; preferably, during the process of configuring the fermented feed into liquid feed, the fermented feed is not dried.

[0015] By applying the technical solution of the present invention and utilizing the above-mentioned preparation method, by using alternative raw materials such as corn DDGS, rice bran meal, bran and wheat, not only the shortage of corn and soybean meal is alleviated, but also the feed cost is reduced, which has significant economic benefits. More importantly, by using specific fermentation bacteria and enzymes, these alternative raw materials can be effectively converted under anaerobic conditions to generate feed rich in live bacteria and metabolites, which has a positive impact on the digestion and absorption capacity, growth performance and immunity of nursery pigs, reduces the negative impact on the environment, and shows good ecological benefits. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0017] Terminology explanation:

[0018] Nursery pigs: also known as weaned piglets, refer to pigs that need to be raised and managed in a specific environment from weaning to a certain weight (such as 30 kg). During this period, the digestive system of piglets is not fully developed, their resistance is weak, and they are easily affected by diseases.

[0019] As mentioned in the background technology, there is a gap in the supply of corn and soybean meal. Therefore, the development of a fermented feed that does not require corn and soybean meal can not only guarantee the nutritional needs of piglets, but also improve their intestinal health and immune status, reduce the occurrence of diarrhea, and has important application value. At present, there are few studies reporting that fermented feed can directly enhance the immunity of nursery pigs, which provides room for the exploration of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention aims to prepare a fermented feed with high live bacteria and high metabolite content by optimizing the fermentation matrix and the combination of bacteria and enzymes to meet the special nutritional needs of nursery pigs, while enhancing their physiological functions and reducing the risk of disease. On this basis, a series of protection schemes of the present application are proposed.

[0020] In a first typical embodiment of the present application, a method for preparing a fermented feed for feeding nursery pigs is provided, the preparation method comprising: mixing a fermentation matrix, a fermentation additive, a fermentation bacteria and a fermentation enzyme to obtain a mixed material; performing anaerobically fermentation on the mixed material to obtain a fermented feed; wherein the fermentation matrix comprises corn DDGS, rice bran meal, bran and wheat, the fermentation additive comprises yeast cell walls and yeast powder, the fermentation bacteria comprises yeast, lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus, and the fermentation enzyme comprises protease and cellulase.

[0021] The principle of the fermented feed preparation method provided by the present application is to use specific microorganisms and enzyme systems to act on the selected fermentation matrix, and through the anaerobic fermentation process, the macromolecular nutrients (such as protein and cellulose) in the feed raw materials are converted into small molecular nutrients that are more easily absorbed by nursery pigs. Specifically, corn DDGS (corn dry whole alcohol grains), rice bran meal, bran and wheat are used as fermentation matrices, which are rich in carbohydrates and proteins, providing sufficient raw materials for the growth of microorganisms and enzymes; yeast cell walls and yeast powder are used as fermentation additives, which can not only provide additional nutrition for the fermentation process, but also enhance the activity and stability of the fermentation bacteria; fermentation bacteria, including yeast, lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus, produce beneficial metabolites such as lactic acid and malic acid through their growth and metabolic activities, and these microorganisms can inhibit the growth of pathogens in the animal digestive tract and improve the intestinal microbial environment; fermentation enzymes, including proteases and cellulases, are responsible for degrading proteins and cellulose in the matrix, promoting the release and conversion of nutrients, so that the fermented feed, under the action of microorganisms, forms a new type of feed that is nutritious, easy to digest and absorb, and rich in probiotics and metabolites.

[0022] The fermented feed prepared by the above preparation method has improved crude protein, acid-soluble protein / crude protein and lactic acid contents compared to the substrate before fermentation, and the obtained fermented feed with high live bacteria and high metabolite content has a higher live bacteria count than the fermented feed after drying. At the same time, because the sample is not dried, it is rich in probiotics and various volatile organic acids and alcohol esters produced by their metabolism, and the flavor of the sample is better, which is conducive to feeding by nursery pigs.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment, the fermentation substrate comprises: 40-55 parts of corn DDGS (including but not limited to 40, 42.5, 45, 47.5, 50, 52.5 or 55 parts), 20-30 parts of rice bran meal (including but not limited to 20, 22, 24, 25, 27 or 30 parts), 5-10 parts of bran (including but not limited to 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 parts) and 5-10 parts of wheat (including but not limited to 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 parts).

[0024] By using the fermentation matrix with the above ratio, the nutritional characteristics of various raw materials can be fully utilized, the digestibility and utilization rate of feed can be improved, and the feed cost can be reduced, and the dependence on soybean meal and corn can be reduced, which is conducive to reducing the demand for traditional high-protein feed raw materials, promoting the diversification of feed raw materials, and having positive significance for environmental protection and sustainable breeding. Moreover, these raw materials are widely available and relatively low in price, which is conducive to reducing feed costs and improving the economic benefits of breeding.

[0025] If the ratio of each component in the fermentation matrix exceeds the above preferred range, the prepared fermented feed is slightly inferior. For example, when the ratio of corn DDGS in the fermentation matrix is ​​higher than the above preferred range, during the fermentation process, the growth of yeast and lactic acid bacteria is restricted, the live bacteria after fermentation are low, and the content of bacterial metabolites such as lactic acid will also be greatly reduced, resulting in a decrease in the performance of the prepared fermented feed.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment, the fermentation additive includes: 5-15 parts of yeast cell walls (including but not limited to 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 or 15 parts) and 5-15 parts of yeast powder (including but not limited to 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 or 15 parts).

[0027] The addition of yeast cell walls and yeast powder can promote the proliferation of fermentation bacteria, effectively prevent and reduce intestinal diseases in nursery pigs, and improve feed conversion efficiency. It is suitable for intestinal health management and growth performance improvement of nursery pigs. The rapid proliferation of fermentation bacteria can also further improve the conversion of fermentation substrates and obtain more nutrients through fermentation.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment, the fermenting bacteria include: 0.01-3 parts of yeast powder, 0.01-3 parts of lactic acid bacteria powder and 0.01-3 parts of bacillus powder; preferably, the yeast includes one or more of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida utilis, and Kluyveromyces marxianus; more preferably, the number of live bacteria in the yeast powder is 50-300 billion cfu / g; preferably, the lactic acid bacteria include one or more of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Pediococcus acidilactici, Enterococcus faecalis or Enterococcus faecium; more preferably, the number of live bacteria in the lactic acid bacteria powder is 100-100 billion cfu / g; preferably, the bacillus includes one or more of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus brevis, Bacillus lentus or Bacillus laterosporus; more preferably, the number of live bacteria in the bacillus powder is 100-100 billion cfu / g.

[0029] The above-mentioned bacterial strain combination can work synergistically to promote the decomposition and transformation of nutrients in feed, and generate more beneficial metabolites, such as lactic acid, malic acid and other beneficial ingredients, which are suitable for improving the quality of fermented feed and the digestion and absorption capacity of nursery pigs.

[0030] In the above preparation method, it is preferred to dissolve the bacterial powder into bacterial liquid and then mix it with the fermentation substrate, fermentation additives and fermentation enzymes. Firstly, the bacteria in the bacterial powder are generally dormant or have low activity, and the activity can be improved after dissolution; secondly, in the preparation process of fermented feed, the bacterial liquid dissolved in water is more conducive to uniform distribution.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment, the fermentation enzymes include: 0.01-1 parts of protease and 0.01-1 parts of cellulase; preferably, the enzymatic activity of the protease is 50,000-300,000 U / g; preferably, the enzymatic activity of the cellulase is 5,000-100,000 U / g.

[0032] The addition of the above-mentioned fermentation enzymes can accelerate the biochemical reactions during the fermentation process, improve the decomposition efficiency of protein and cellulose in the feed, and generate more small molecules that are easy to digest and absorb. It is suitable for improving the digestibility of feed and improving the growth performance of nursery pigs.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment, the anaerobic fermentation includes fermenting the mixed material using a fermentation tank, a fermentation box or a breathing bag; preferably, the temperature of the anaerobic fermentation is 25-45° C.; preferably, the time of the anaerobic fermentation is 2-10 days.

[0034] The above-mentioned anaerobic fermentation conditions can promote the growth and metabolism of beneficial bacteria while inhibiting the activities of harmful microorganisms. They are suitable for improving the safety and nutritional value of fermented feed, reducing the use of antibiotics, and promoting the healthy growth of nursery pigs.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment, anaerobic fermentation using a fermentation tank includes: naturally piling the mixed material in the fermentation tank and fermenting it after covering it with a film; preferably, anaerobic fermentation using a fermentation box includes: placing the mixed material in the fermentation box for sealed fermentation, and the loading factor of the fermentation box is 90%-100%; preferably, anaerobic fermentation using a breathing bag includes: placing the mixed material in a fermentation bag containing a breathing valve for sealed fermentation.

[0036] The above fermentation method can be flexibly selected according to the actual situation and equipment conditions of the feed factory or pig farm, and is suitable for pig farms of different sizes and conditions to improve fermentation efficiency and feed quality.

[0037] In a second typical embodiment of the present application, a fermented feed prepared by the above-mentioned method for preparing fermented feed for feeding nursery pigs is provided, wherein the number of live lactic acid bacteria in the fermented feed is ≥3 billion cfu / g; based on the mass of dry matter, the mass proportion of crude protein in the fermented feed is ≥20%, the mass proportion of acid-soluble protein in the crude protein (i.e., acid-soluble protein / crude protein) is ≥30%, the mass proportion of lactic acid in the fermented feed is ≥3.5%, the mass proportion of mannan in the fermented feed is ≥8%, and the mass proportion of β-glucan in the fermented feed is ≥15%.

[0038] These indicators show that the fermented feed prepared by this method has the characteristics of high active lactic acid bacteria, high protein, high acid-soluble protein, high lactic acid, high mannan and high β-glucan, can significantly improve the intestinal health of nursery pigs, enhance immunity, promote growth, and is suitable for nutritional supplementation and health management of nursery pigs.

[0039] In the above-mentioned method for preparing fermented feed, yeast, lactic acid bacteria and bacillus all proliferate and ferment, but the periods of proliferation are different. For example, yeast is a facultative anaerobe, bacillus is an aerobic bacterium or a facultative anaerobe, and lactic acid bacteria is an anaerobic bacterium, so the proliferation and fermentation of the above three bacteria are not carried out synchronously. In the early stage of fermentation, the fermentation system is mainly composed of yeast and bacillus; as the oxygen content in the fermentation system decreases, lactic acid bacteria gradually begin to proliferate. The fermentation of such a mixed strain can be achieved by controlling the fermentation parameters in the preparation method. In the detection of the final product (i.e., fermented feed), it is sufficient to detect the number of live lactic acid bacteria. In the third typical embodiment of the present application, a fermented feed prepared by the above-mentioned method for preparing fermented feed for feeding nursery pigs or the use of the above-mentioned fermented feed in nursery pig breeding is provided.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment, the application includes: configuring the fermented feed into liquid feed and then feeding it to nursery pigs; the dry matter mass of the fermented feed accounts for 5%-10% of the dry matter mass of the liquid feed, including but not limited to 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9% or 10%.

[0041] Preferably, the main component of the liquid feed is the basic diet in the prior art.

[0042] In order to facilitate circulation and preservation, commercial feeds are often dried at high temperatures after fermentation, which will cause most probiotics to die during the drying process, and most volatile alcohols, esters and organic acids that are appetizing and growth-promoting are blown away. Some nutrients are also destroyed by high temperatures, reducing the nutritional value of the fermented feed. In addition to being rich in live bacteria, the fermented feed of the present application, especially the liquid feed after configuration, is also rich in numerous probiotic metabolites such as alcohols, esters and organic acids, rather than simply adding live bacteria to the fermented feed.

[0043] In the above application, based on the characteristics of the fermented feed of the present application that it is suitable for liquid feeding, it is preferred to configure the fermented feed into liquid feed for feeding, that is, the fermented feed with high live bacteria and high metabolite content obtained by the present invention can be directly mixed with commonly used basal diets and other feeds without drying steps, and configured as liquid feed, which reduces energy consumption, reduces production costs, and can also ensure that the feed has a high number of live bacteria, and its market prospects are broader. Liquid feeding refers to a feeding method in which a flowing mixture prepared by processing and mixing feed and a liquid medium (water, skim milk or other liquids containing nutrients) is used to feed animals. The most typical case is feeding native pigs with swill in rural areas. With the development of liquid feeding research and the popularization of computer-controlled feeding systems, liquid feeding methods have begun to be used all over the world, especially in the nursery pig feeding stage. Existing studies have shown that liquid feeding can reduce respiratory diseases in pigs, improve the growth performance and feed conversion rate of pigs, and reduce breeding costs.

[0044] The above application method can improve the palatability of feed and promote the appetite of nursery pigs. At the same time, liquid feed has good fluidity, which is convenient for automated feeding in large-scale pig farms. It is suitable for improving the feed conversion efficiency and growth performance of nursery pigs, reducing feeding costs and improving economic benefits.

[0045] To sum up, the fermented feed preparation method of the present application can not only provide a feed with high nutritional value and excellent digestibility and absorption rate, but also meet the growth needs of nursery pigs under different environments by adjusting the use of fermentation matrix, additives, strains and enzymes, and controlling fermentation conditions. It can be further configured into liquid feed for feeding nursery pigs, providing a green, efficient and sustainable feed solution for the breeding industry.

[0046] The beneficial effects of the present application will be further explained in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0047] Example 1.1

[0048] (1) Seed solution preparation

[0049] According to the mass ratio of the premixed substrate, weigh 0.01 parts of yeast powder, 0.01 parts of lactic acid bacteria powder, 1 part of Bacillus powder, 0.01 parts of protease, 1 part of cellulase, and 30 parts of water, stir at 30±5°C for 10 minutes, and prepare seed solution for use.

[0050] (2) Inoculation and mixing

[0051] Weigh 40 parts of corn DDGS, 30 parts of rice bran meal, 10 parts of yeast cell wall, 5 parts of food yeast powder, 5 parts of bran, and 10 parts of wheat, and mix them thoroughly with the seed liquid reserved in (1) in a mixer.

[0052] (3) Anaerobic fermentation

[0053] The evenly mixed sample was transferred into a fermentation bag with a breathing buckle, sealed, and fermented at 25° C. for 10 days to prepare a fermented feed with high live bacteria and high metabolite content.

[0054] Example 1.2

[0055] (1) Seed solution preparation

[0056] According to the mass ratio of the premixed substrate, weigh 1 part of yeast powder, 1 part of lactic acid bacteria powder, 3 parts of Bacillus powder, 1 part of protease, 0.01 part of cellulase, and 30 parts of water, stir at 30±5℃ for 10 minutes, and prepare seed solution for use.

[0057] (2) Inoculation and mixing

[0058] Weigh 45 parts of corn DDGS, 20 parts of rice bran meal, 5 parts of yeast cell wall, 15 parts of food yeast powder, 10 parts of bran, and 5 parts of wheat, and mix them thoroughly with the seed liquid reserved in (1) in a mixer.

[0059] (3) Anaerobic fermentation

[0060] The evenly mixed sample was transferred into a fermentation bag with a breathing buckle, sealed, and fermented at 35° C. for 7 days to prepare a fermented feed with high live bacteria and high metabolite content.

[0061] Example 1.3

[0062] (1) Seed solution preparation

[0063] According to the mass ratio of the premixed substrate, weigh 3 parts of yeast powder, 3 parts of lactic acid bacteria powder, 0.01 parts of Bacillus powder, 0.5 parts of protease, 1 part of cellulase, and 30 parts of water, stir at 30±5℃ for 10 minutes, and prepare seed solution for use.

[0064] (2) Inoculation and mixing

[0065] Weigh 40 parts of corn DDGS, 25 parts of rice bran meal, 15 parts of yeast cell wall, 10 parts of food yeast powder, 5 parts of bran, and 5 parts of wheat, and mix them thoroughly with the seed liquid reserved in (1) in a mixer.

[0066] (3) Anaerobic fermentation

[0067] The evenly mixed sample was transferred into a fermentation bag with a breathing buckle, sealed, and fermented at 45° C. for 2 days to prepare a fermented feed with high live bacteria and high metabolite content.

[0068] Example 1.4

[0069] (1) Seed solution preparation

[0070] According to the mass ratio of the premixed substrate, weigh 1 part of yeast powder, 1 part of lactic acid bacteria powder, 1 part of Bacillus powder, 1 part of protease, 0.5 part of cellulase, and 30 parts of water, stir at 30±5℃ for 10 minutes, and prepare seed solution for use.

[0071] (2) Inoculation and mixing

[0072] Weigh 55 parts of corn DDGS, 20 parts of rice bran meal, 10 parts of yeast cell wall, 5 parts of food yeast powder, 5 parts of bran, and 5 parts of wheat, and mix them thoroughly with the seed liquid reserved in (1) in a mixer.

[0073] (3) Anaerobic fermentation

[0074] The evenly mixed sample was transferred into a fermentation bag with a breathing buckle, sealed, and fermented at 40°C for 3 days to prepare a fermented feed with high live bacteria and high metabolite content.

[0075] Comparative Example 1.1

[0076] (1) Seed solution preparation

[0077] According to the mass ratio of the premixed substrate, 0.5 parts of protease, 0.5 parts of cellulase, and 30 parts of water were weighed respectively, and the temperature was 30±5°C, and stirred for 10 minutes to prepare the seed solution for use.

[0078] (2) Inoculation and mixing

[0079] Weigh 40 parts of corn DDGS, 25 parts of rice bran meal, 10 parts of yeast cell wall, 10 parts of food yeast powder, 10 parts of bran, and 5 parts of wheat, and mix them thoroughly with the seed liquid reserved in (1) in a mixer.

[0080] (3) Anaerobic fermentation

[0081] The evenly mixed sample was transferred into a fermentation bag with a breathing buckle, sealed, and fermented at 35° C. for 5 days to prepare a fermented feed.

[0082] Comparative Example 1.2

[0083] (1) Seed solution preparation

[0084] According to the mass ratio of the premixed substrate, weigh 1 part of yeast powder, 0.5 parts of lactic acid bacteria powder, 0.01 parts of Bacillus powder, and 30 parts of water, stir at 30±5°C for 10 minutes, and prepare the seed solution for use.

[0085] (2) Inoculation and mixing

[0086] Weigh 40 parts of corn DDGS, 25 parts of rice bran meal, 5 parts of yeast cell wall, 15 parts of food yeast powder, 5 parts of bran, and 10 parts of wheat, and mix them thoroughly with the seed liquid reserved in (1) in a mixer.

[0087] (3) Anaerobic fermentation

[0088] The evenly mixed sample was transferred into a fermentation bag with a breathing buckle, sealed, and fermented at 25°C for 5 days to prepare a fermented feed.

[0089] Comparative Example 1.3

[0090] (1) Seed solution preparation

[0091] According to the mass ratio of the premixed substrate, weigh 0.1 parts of yeast powder, 0.1 parts of lactic acid bacteria powder, 1 part of Bacillus powder, 1 part of protease, 1 part of cellulase, and 30 parts of water, stir at 30±5°C for 10 minutes, and prepare seed solution for use.

[0092] (2) Inoculation and mixing

[0093] Weigh 50 parts of corn DDGS, 20 parts of rice bran meal, 15 parts of food yeast powder, 10 parts of bran, and 5 parts of wheat, and mix them thoroughly with the seed liquid reserved in (1) in a mixer.

[0094] (3) Anaerobic fermentation

[0095] The evenly mixed sample was transferred into a fermentation bag with a breathing buckle, sealed, and fermented at 30°C for 7 days to prepare a fermented feed.

[0096] Comparative Example 1.4

[0097] (1) Seed solution preparation

[0098] According to the mass ratio of the premixed substrate, weigh 1 part of yeast powder, 0.5 parts of lactic acid bacteria powder, 0.01 parts of Bacillus powder, 0.5 parts of protease, 0.5 parts of cellulase, and 30 parts of water, stir at 30±5℃ for 10 minutes, and prepare seed solution for use.

[0099] (2) Inoculation and mixing

[0100] Weigh 55 parts of corn DDGS, 20 parts of rice bran meal, 5 parts of yeast cell wall, 10 parts of bran, and 10 parts of wheat, and mix them thoroughly with the seed solution reserved in (1) in a mixer.

[0101] (3) Anaerobic fermentation

[0102] The evenly mixed sample was transferred into a fermentation bag with a breathing buckle, sealed, and fermented at 40° C. for 5 days to prepare a fermented feed.

[0103] Example 1.5

[0104] (1) Seed solution preparation

[0105] According to the mass ratio of the premixed substrate, weigh 0.5 parts of yeast powder, 1 part of lactic acid bacteria powder, 0.5 parts of Bacillus powder, 1 part of protease, 0.01 parts of cellulase, and 30 parts of water, stir at 30±5°C for 10 minutes, and prepare seed solution for use.

[0106] (2) Inoculation and mixing

[0107] Weigh 40 parts of corn DDGS, 20 parts of rice bran meal, 10 parts of yeast cell wall, 10 parts of food yeast powder, 10 parts of bran, and 10 parts of wheat, and mix them thoroughly with the seed liquid reserved in (1) in a mixer.

[0108] (3) Anaerobic fermentation

[0109] The evenly mixed sample was transferred into a fermentation bag with a breathing buckle, sealed, and fermented at 35°C for 5 days. The fermentation was completed.

[0110] (4) Drying

[0111] The material after fermentation is dried to a moisture content of ≤12% to prepare fermented feed.

[0112] Example 1.6

[0113] (1) Seed solution preparation

[0114] According to the mass ratio of the premixed substrate, weigh 1 part of yeast powder, 1 part of lactic acid bacteria powder, 1 part of Bacillus powder, 1 part of protease, 0.5 part of cellulase, and 30 parts of water, stir at 30±5℃ for 10 minutes, and prepare seed solution for use.

[0115] (2) Inoculation and mixing

[0116] Weigh 65 parts of corn DDGS, 20 parts of rice bran meal, 10 parts of yeast cell wall, 5 parts of food yeast powder, 5 parts of bran, and 5 parts of wheat, and mix them thoroughly with the seed liquid reserved in (1) in a mixer.

[0117] (3) Anaerobic fermentation

[0118] The evenly mixed sample was transferred into a fermentation bag with a breathing buckle, sealed, and fermented at 40°C for 3 days to prepare a fermented feed with high live bacteria and high metabolite content.

[0119] The samples prepared in the embodiment and the comparative example were tested respectively, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0120] Table 1 Main physical and chemical indicators of fermented feed for nursery pigs

[0121]

[0122]

[0123] In Table 1, the contents of crude protein, acid-soluble protein / crude protein, lactic acid, malic acid, mannan and β-glucan in the fermented feed were all measured on a dry matter basis.

[0124] Example 2.1: Application test of fermented feed with high live bacteria and high metabolite content in nursery pigs

[0125] In order to further verify the functional effects of the above fermented feed products, animal experiments were conducted by adding samples of the embodiments, comparative samples and a fermented feed product on the market to prove the advantages of this product in application.

[0126] The application effect of high live bacteria and high metabolites is judged from the growth performance and immunity of nursery pigs.

[0127] 300 healthy nursery pigs with the same genetic background, basically the same age and weight were selected and divided into 5 treatment groups according to the principle of half male and half female and similar weight, namely the control group, a fermented feed group on the market (the main ingredients are corn, soybean meal and corn germ meal), the comparative group, and the fermented feed group with high live bacteria and high metabolite content. Each treatment group had 5 replicates, each replicate had 2 pens, and each pen had 6 pigs. The composition and nutritional level of the basal diet are shown in Table 2.

[0128] The feed of the "control group" was the basic diet.

[0129] The feed of the "existing technology group" was supplemented with 10% of a fermented feed sample from the market in the basic diet.

[0130] The feed of the "Comparative Example 1.3 Group" was prepared by adding 10% of the sample of Comparative Example 1.3 to the basic diet.

[0131] The feed of the "Example 1.5 Group" was supplemented with 10% of the sample of Example 1.5 in the basal diet.

[0132] The feed of the "Example 1.4 Group" was prepared by adding 10% of the sample of Example 1.4 to the basal diet.

[0133] The physicochemical indexes of the above four samples are shown in Table 3. Before feeding, drinking water was added to the diet of each group, and the feed-water ratio was controlled to be 1:3, and the mixture was mixed well and set aside.

[0134] Table 2 Basic diet composition and nutritional level (air-dried basis)

[0135] composition Content (wt%) Nutritional Information content corn 54.00 Digestible energy (MJ / kg) 14.26 Dehulled soybean meal 20.00 Crude protein (%) 19.17 Expanded soybeans 8.5 calcium(%) 0.71 Imported fish meal 4.00 Available phosphorus (%) 0.34 Whey Powder 5.00 Lysine(%) 1.29 glucose 3.00 grease 2.00 Stone powder 0.80 Calcium Hydrogen Phosphate 1.00 salt 0.35 Lysine 0.35 Premix 1.00 .

[0136] Note: The premix described in Table 2 provides 5000 IU of vitamin A, 1500 IU of vitamin D3, 52 IU of vitamin E, 3.5 mg of vitamin K3, 2.2 mg of vitamin B1, 0.5 mg of vitamin B6, 10 μg of vitamin B12, 11.5 mg of pantothenic acid, 20 mg of niacin, 10 μg of biotin, 0.46 mg of folic acid, 550 mg of 50% choline chloride, 100 mg of antioxidant BHT, 54 mg of Mn, 0.27 mg of Se and 0.27 mg of Co per kilogram of feed.

[0137] Table 3 Physical and chemical indicators of four samples

[0138]

[0139]

[0140] In Table 3, the contents of crude protein, acid-soluble protein / crude protein, lactic acid, malic acid, mannan and β-glucan in the fermented feed were all measured on a dry matter basis.

[0141] Daily management was carried out according to the routine feeding management of the pig farm, ensuring that the nursery pigs had free access to food and water, and the ambient temperature was controlled at around 25°C. The entire experiment lasted 28 days. Before and at the end of the experiment, the pigs were fasted for 12 hours (free access to water) and then weighed. The weight was recorded and the daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily weight gain (ADG) and feed-to-weight ratio (F / G) of the experimental pigs were calculated. The diarrhea of ​​each pen of pigs was recorded every day and the diarrhea rate was calculated. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0142] Table 4 Effects of fermented feed on growth performance of nursery pigs

[0143] project Control group Existing Technology Group Comparative Example 1.3 Group Example 1.5 Group Example 1.4 Group ADFI(g / d) 881±64 913±148 932±139 921±142 946±106 ADG(g / d) 530±42 554±86 575±72 561±78 600±63 F / G 1.67±0.10 1.65±0.10 1.62 1.64 1.58±0.07 DR <![CDATA[8.2 a ]]> <![CDATA[5.2 ab ]]> <![CDATA[3.4 b ]]> <![CDATA[4.2 ab ]]> <![CDATA[1.3 b ]]> .

[0144] Note: In Table 4, different letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P<0.05), while the same letter or no letter in the column indicates no significant difference (P>0.05).

[0145] It can be seen from Table 4 that, compared with the control group, adding a fermented feed from the market, the comparative sample and the product of the present invention can improve the growth performance of nursery pigs and reduce the diarrhea rate, among which the product of the present invention has the best effect.

[0146] After 28 days of the experiment, one boar was selected from each pen, and blood was collected from the anterior vena cava into a centrifuge tube, centrifuged at 3000rpm for 10 minutes, and serum was separated for detecting immune-related indicators in the serum. One boar was selected from each pen, and samples of about 5 cm of the middle section of the jejunum and ileum were taken after dissection. After being rinsed with 4°C saline, they were fixed in 4% formaldehyde solution, sliced ​​after dehydration, waxing, embedding, etc., and then sealed after hematoxylin-eosin staining to observe the intestinal tissue morphology. The results are shown in Table 5.

[0147] Table 5 Effects of fermented feed on intestinal morphology and immunity of nursery pigs

[0148]

[0149]

[0150] Note: In Table 5, different letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P<0.05), while the same letter or no letter in the column indicates no significant difference (P>0.05).

[0151] As shown in Table 5, compared with the control group, adding a fermented feed from the market, the comparative sample and the product of the present invention can increase the villus height of the jejunum and ileum of nursery pigs, reduce the crypt depth of the jejunum and increase the villus height / crypt depth of the jejunum, among which the product of the present invention has the best effect.

[0152] The absorption function of the intestine is related to the height of the villi. The higher the villi, the stronger the ability to absorb nutrients. The production rate of enterocytes is determined by the depth of the crypts. The shallower the crypts, the higher the maturity rate of enterocytes. The villus height / crypt depth can reflect changes in intestinal structure, and the ratio decreases when the intestinal mucosa is damaged.

[0153] As shown in Table 5, compared with the control group, comparative example group and prior art group, adding the sample of Example 1.5 and the product of Example 1.4 can both increase the serum globulin content of nursery pigs, among which the effect of Example 1.4 group is the best. This shows that the above fermented feed can increase the immunity of nursery pigs by increasing the serum globulin content.

[0154] In summary, the fermented feed with high live bacteria and high metabolite content produced by the present invention can not only improve the growth performance and reduce the diarrhea rate of nursery pigs, but also improve intestinal function and enhance immunity when fed to nursery pigs in liquid form.

[0155] From the above description, it can be seen that the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects: in the above-mentioned method for preparing fermented feed for feeding nursery pigs, by using corn DDGS, rice bran meal, bran and wheat to replace corn and soybean meal, not only the problem of raw material shortage and dependence on imports is alleviated, but also the feed cost is reduced. At the same time, by using specific fermentation bacteria and enzymes, these alternative raw materials can be effectively converted under anaerobic conditions to generate feed rich in live bacteria and metabolites, which significantly improves the digestion and absorption capacity, growth performance and immunity of nursery pigs, reduces the diarrhea rate, and shows good economic and ecological benefits. In addition, this method can also reduce environmental pollution in pig farms, because the fermentation process can degrade anti-nutritional factors in feed, reduce the emission of harmful gases such as ammonia, and is conducive to building a green and sustainable pig farming industry, which is suitable for pig farms that focus on environmental protection and sustainable development. Through the fermented feed preparation method provided by this application, pig farms can not only improve the growth rate and health level of nursery pigs, but also reduce feeding costs, reduce the impact on the environment, achieve a dual improvement in economic and ecological benefits, and provide strong technical support for the green development of the pig farming industry.

[0156] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a fermented feed for feeding nursery pigs, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises: Mixing a fermentation substrate, a fermentation additive, a fermentation bacterium and a fermentation enzyme to obtain a mixed material; Anaerobic fermentation is performed on the mixed material to obtain the fermented feed; Wherein, the fermentation matrix includes corn DDGS, rice bran meal, bran and wheat, The fermentation additives include yeast cell walls and yeast powder. The fermentation bacteria include yeast, lactic acid bacteria and bacillus, The fermentation enzymes include proteases and cellulases.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation matrix comprises: 40-55 parts of corn DDGS, 20-30 parts of rice bran meal, 5-10 parts of bran and 5-10 parts of wheat.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation additives include: 5-15 parts of yeast cell walls and 5-15 parts of yeast powder.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation bacteria include: 0.01-3 parts of yeast powder, 0.01-3 parts of lactic acid bacteria powder and 0.01-3 parts of bacillus powder; Preferably, the yeast comprises one or more of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida utilis, and Kluyveromyces marxianus; More preferably, the viable count of the yeast powder is 5-30 billion cfu / g; Preferably, the lactic acid bacteria include one or more of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Pediococcus acidilactici, Enterococcus faecalis or Enterococcus faecium; More preferably, the viable count of the lactic acid bacteria powder is 10-100 billion cfu / g; Preferably, the Bacillus includes one or more of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus lentus or Bacillus laterosporus; More preferably, the viable bacterial count of the Bacillus powder is 10-100 billion cfu / g.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation enzymes include: 0.01-1 parts of protease and 0.01-1 parts of cellulase; Preferably, the enzyme activity of the protease is 50,000-300,000 U / g; Preferably, the enzymatic activity of the cellulase is 0.5-100,000 U / g.

6. The preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The anaerobic fermentation includes fermenting the mixed material using a fermentation tank, a fermentation box or a breathing bag; Preferably, the temperature of the anaerobic fermentation is 25-45°C; Preferably, the anaerobic fermentation time is 2-10 days.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The anaerobic fermentation using the fermentation tank includes: naturally stacking the mixed material in the fermentation tank, covering it with a film, and then fermenting it; Preferably, the anaerobic fermentation using the fermentation box comprises: placing the mixed material in the fermentation box for sealed fermentation, the filling factor of the fermentation box being 90%-100%; Preferably, the anaerobic fermentation using the breathing bag comprises: placing the mixed material in a fermentation bag containing a breathing valve for sealed fermentation.

8. The fermented feed prepared by the method for preparing a fermented feed for nursery pigs according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: In the fermented feed, The number of viable lactic acid bacteria is ≥ 3 billion cfu / g, Calculated on the basis of dry matter mass, the mass proportion of crude protein in the fermented feed is ≥20%, the mass proportion of acid-soluble protein in the crude protein is ≥30%, the mass proportion of lactic acid in the fermented feed is ≥3.5%, the mass proportion of mannan in the fermented feed is ≥8%, and the mass proportion of β-glucan in the fermented feed is ≥15%.

9. Use of the fermented feed prepared by the method for preparing a fermented feed for feeding nursery pigs according to any one of claims 1 to 7 or the fermented feed according to claim 8 in nursery pig breeding.

10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that: The application comprises: preparing the fermented feed into liquid feed and then feeding the nursery pigs; The dry matter mass of the fermented feed accounts for 5%-10% of the dry matter mass of the liquid feed; Preferably, during the process of configuring the fermented feed into the liquid feed, the fermented feed is not dried.

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