Bearing pre-tightening force unloading device and unloading method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of bearing disassembly and assembly, and particularly discloses a bearing pretightening force unloading device and method.The bearing pretightening force unloading device comprises a tensioning assembly, the tensioning assembly is composed of a support, a wedge-shaped block and two pressure-bearing blocks, the wedge-shaped block is driven by a bolt to move, the distance between the two pressure-bearing blocks is increased, and therefore axial thrust on a bearing is achieved; and the device can be easily taken down. According to the bearing dismounting device, the bearing can be efficiently dismounted without damage on the electric spindle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of bearing disassembly and assembly, and in particular to a bearing preload unloading device and unloading method. Background Art

[0002] At present, cylindrical roller bearings are important parts of electric spindles. During the assembly process of the electric spindle, the cylindrical roller bearings need to be matched with clearance according to the actual size of the spindle and the bearing chamber, so that the bearings can play the best effect when the electric spindle is running. The inner hole of the cylindrical roller bearing is a 1:12 tapered hole, and the matching spindle position is an outer cone surface with the same taper. After the bearing clearance is matched, the two cone surfaces fit tightly together and need to be separated by a certain external force.

[0003] In the related technology, the electric spindle is a high-speed, high-precision component. During the assembly process, due to the compact space of the electric spindle, great care should be taken to ensure that no contaminants enter the bearing and the shoulder surface of the spindle is damaged when the bearing is removed from the spindle. At present, we use a thin copper rod to knock the bearing. The copper rod is soft and will not damage the bearing when knocking.

[0004] The above-mentioned related technologies have the following defects: after the copper rod is repeatedly subjected to force, copper slag will fall onto the bearing, which accelerates the wear of the bearing and makes the bearing unable to be used for a long time. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to ensure that the long-term use of the bearing is not affected after the bearing is removed from the electric spindle, the present application provides a bearing preload unloading device and an unloading method.

[0006] The present application provides a bearing preload unloading device and unloading method using the following technical solutions: A bearing preload unloading device and unloading method, comprising a tensioning assembly, wherein the tensioning assembly comprises a bracket, a wedge block and two pressure bearing blocks, wherein the two pressure bearing blocks are arranged opposite to each other in the width direction of the bracket, and the first end of the pressure bearing block is connected to the bracket; The wedge block is movably mounted on the bracket between the two pressure blocks, and when the wedge block moves toward the bracket, the distance between the two pressure blocks can be expanded.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, two pressure blocks are inserted into the gap between the shaft shoulder and the bearing, and one pressure block is opposite to the shaft shoulder, and the other pressure block is opposite to the bearing. When the wedge block moves toward the bracket, it can effectively expand the distance between the two pressure blocks and push the bearing away from the shaft shoulder. Eventually, the bearing will break through the force point after being subjected to the axial force and displace with the main shaft, so that the bearing can be easily removed. The bearing preload unloading device provided by the present invention has the characteristics of simple structure, easy operation and high safety, and can disassemble the bearing efficiently and losslessly without damaging the electric spindle.

[0008] Preferably, a side plate is connected between the first end of the pressure block and the bracket, and the side plate can be elastically deformed.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, when the wedge block moves toward the bracket, the distance between the two pressure blocks can be easily expanded.

[0010] Preferably, side elastic pads are provided on the opposite sides of the two pressure blocks.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the side elastic pad can effectively buffer the impact between the pressure block and the shaft shoulder and the bearing, so that the shaft shoulder and the bearing are not easily crushed by the pressure block.

[0012] Preferably, in the direction from the second end of the pressure block to the bracket, the distance between the two pressure blocks decreases.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the decreasing spacing design of the pressure blocks enables the wedge blocks to apply thrust more evenly during movement, so that the thrust is stable when the bearing is pushed away from the shaft shoulder, thereby effectively avoiding the problem of bearing damage caused by stable thrust.

[0014] Preferably, the wedge block is disposed between the two pressure-bearing blocks, in contact with the two pressure-bearing blocks, and the end with a small diameter points toward the bracket; In the direction from the second end of the pressure block to the bracket, the wedge block is telescopically mounted on the bracket.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, when the wedge block is arranged between the two pressure blocks and contacts them, it can be ensured that the wedge block can evenly apply thrust during the movement, so that the distance between the two pressure blocks is effectively expanded. At the same time, because the small diameter end of the wedge block points to the bracket, when the wedge block moves toward the bracket, it can more efficiently push the pressure block away, thereby realizing effective unloading of the bearing preload.

[0016] Preferably, the tensioning assembly further comprises a bolt, and the length direction of the bolt is arranged along the direction from the second end of the pressure block to the bracket; The head of the bolt is located on a side of the bracket away from the wedge block; One end of the screw rod of the bolt is rotatably connected to the bracket, and the other end is threadedly connected to the wedge block.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, by rotating the bolt, the wedge block can be accurately moved along a predetermined direction between the pressure blocks, thereby effectively and accurately controlling the change in the distance between the two pressure blocks.

[0018] Preferably, the bearing preload unloading device further comprises two alignment components, and in the length direction of the bracket, the two alignment components are respectively located on both sides of the bolt; The calibration assembly includes a guide rod, a spring rod, and a pressure sensor. The guide rod, the spring rod, and the pressure sensor are sequentially connected in the length direction of the bolt. The guide rod is slidably connected to the wedge block and the bracket, and the pressure sensor is connected to the bracket.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, when the two pressure blocks are inserted into the gap between the shaft shoulder and the bearing, the two guide rods are pressed against the side wall of the spindle. If the pressure of the two pressure sensors is equal, it means that the two pressure blocks are exactly facing the shaft shoulder and the bearing respectively. When the distance between the two pressure blocks is enlarged, one pressure block can effectively contact and press against the shaft shoulder, and the other can effectively contact and press against the bearing, ensuring that the shaft shoulder, the bearing and the two pressure blocks are evenly stressed, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the bearing unloading process. At the same time, it avoids damage to the electric spindle due to excessive local pressure.

[0020] Preferably, the alignment assembly further comprises a magnet, which is arranged on a side of the wedge-shaped block away from the bracket and connected to the guide rod; The bearing preload unloading device also includes a magnetic tube, which is used to be sleeved on the electric spindle and attracted to the magnet; The magnetic tube comprises two semicircular tubes, and the two semicircular tubes are connected to form the magnetic tube.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the magnet can be firmly adsorbed on the magnetic tube, ensuring that the calibration component is stably and reliably fixed on the electric spindle, thereby avoiding position deviation caused by manual adjustment. In addition, when the distance between the two pressure blocks is increased, the magnetic tube isolation can also ensure that the spindle will not be scratched.

[0022] A bearing preload unloading method, based on the above-mentioned bearing preload unloading device, comprises the following steps: Sleeve the magnetic tube on the main shaft between the shaft shoulder and the bearing; Insert the two pressure blocks into the gap between the shaft shoulder and the bearing, with one pressure block facing the shaft shoulder and the other pressure block facing the bearing; Rotating the bolt to move the wedge block toward the bracket; The wedge block expands the distance between the two pressure blocks and pushes the bearing away from the shaft shoulder. Eventually, the bearing will break through the force point after being subjected to the axial force and will be displaced from the main shaft, so that the bearing can be easily removed.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, not only can the bearing be quickly unloaded, but also damage to the bearing or spindle during operation can be effectively avoided. This method uses a magnetic tube to fix the position, ensuring that the pressure block is accurately inserted into the gap between the shaft shoulder and the bearing, thereby improving the operation accuracy. At the same time, by rotating the bolt, the wedge block moves and expands the distance between the two pressure blocks, thereby applying a uniform axial force, so that the bearing is smoothly separated from the spindle, ensuring the safety and reliability of the disassembly process.

[0024] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. By using the wedge block and pressure block structure in the tensioning assembly, the bearing preload can be effectively unloaded without damaging the main shaft and bearing, avoiding the copper slag pollution and bearing wear problems that may be caused by knocking with a copper rod in the traditional method; 2. A side plate is arranged between the first end of the pressure block and the bracket, so that the pressure block has a certain elastic deformation capacity, so that it is more uniform and stable when the preload is applied, thereby improving the working reliability and service life of the device; 3. A side elastic pad is arranged on the opposite side of the pressure block to further enhance the buffering performance of the pressure block, ensuring that no damage is caused to the bearing during the unloading process, while improving the safety of operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the embodiment of the present application installed on the electric spindle; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of an embodiment of the present application.

[0027] Reference numerals: 1. Electric spindle; 11. Spindle; 12. Shoulder; 13. Bearing; 2. Tensioner assembly; 21. Bracket; 22. Side plate; 23. Side elastic pad; 24. Pressure block; 25. Wedge block; 2501. Screw hole; 26. Bolt; 3. Alignment assembly; 31. Guide rod; 32. Spring rod; 33. Pressure sensor; 34. Magnet; 4. Magnetic tube; 41. Semicircular tube. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following is combined with Figure 1-3 This application is described in further detail.

[0029] The embodiments of the present application disclose a bearing preload unloading device and an unloading method.

[0030] Reference Figure 1 The electric spindle 1 includes a spindle 11, a shoulder 12 and a bearing 13. The spindle 11 is a tapered rod, and the shoulder 12 is installed at the end of the spindle 11 with a larger diameter. The bearing 13 is sleeved at the end of the spindle 11 with a smaller diameter, tightly fitting the side wall of the spindle 11, and the bearing 13 is fixed to the spindle 11 by friction. The function of the bearing 13 preload unloading device is to push the bearing 13 away from the shoulder 12.

[0031] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 A bearing 13 preload unloading device includes a tensioning assembly 2, the tensioning assembly 2 includes a bracket 21, a wedge block 25 and two pressure blocks 24. In the width direction of the bracket 21, the two pressure blocks 24 are arranged opposite to each other, and the first end of the pressure block 24 is connected to the bracket 21. The two pressure blocks 24 are provided with side elastic pads 23 on the opposite sides. The side elastic pads 23 can effectively buffer the impact between the pressure block 24 and the shaft shoulder 12 and the bearing 13, so that the shaft shoulder 12 and the bearing 13 are not easily crushed by the pressure block 24. A side plate 22 is connected between the first end of the pressure block 24 and the bracket 21, and the side plate 22 can be elastically deformed. The wedge block 25 is movably installed on the bracket 21 between the two pressure blocks 24, and when the wedge block 25 moves toward the bracket 21, the side plate 22 is deformed, and the distance between the two pressure blocks 24 can be expanded.

[0032] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3In the embodiment of the present application, two pressure blocks 24 are inserted into the gap between the shoulder 12 and the bearing 13, and one pressure block 24 is opposite to the shoulder 12, and the other pressure block 24 is opposite to the bearing 13. When the wedge block 25 moves toward the bracket 21, it can effectively expand the distance between the two pressure blocks 24, and push the bearing 13 away from the shoulder 12. Finally, after the bearing 13 is subjected to the axial force, it will break through the force point and displace with the main shaft 11, and the bearing 13 can be easily removed. The bearing 13 preload unloading device provided by the present invention has the characteristics of simple structure, easy operation, and high safety, and can efficiently and non-destructively disassemble the bearing 13 without damaging the electric spindle 1.

[0033] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 , in the direction from the second end of the pressure block 24 to the bracket 21, the spacing between the two pressure blocks 24 decreases. In the embodiment of the present application, the decreasing spacing design of the pressure blocks 24 enables the wedge block 25 to apply thrust more evenly during the movement process, so that the thrust is stable when the bearing 13 is pushed away from the shaft shoulder 12, thereby effectively avoiding the problem of damage to the bearing 13 caused by the stable thrust.

[0034] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The wedge block 25 is disposed between the two pressure blocks 24, in contact with the two pressure blocks 24, and one end with a small diameter points to the bracket 21. In the direction from the second end of the pressure block 24 to the bracket 21, the wedge block 25 is telescopically mounted on the bracket 21. In the embodiment of the present application, when the wedge block 25 is disposed between the two pressure blocks 24 and in contact with them, it can be ensured that the wedge block 25 can evenly apply thrust during the movement, so that the distance between the two pressure blocks 24 is effectively expanded. At the same time, since the small diameter end of the wedge block 25 points to the bracket 21, when the wedge block 25 moves toward the bracket 21, it can more efficiently push the pressure block 24 away, thereby achieving effective unloading of the preload force of the bearing 13.

[0035] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3The tensioning assembly 2 further includes a bolt 26, the length direction of which is arranged along the direction from the second end of the pressure block 24 to the bracket 21. The head of the bolt 26 is located on the side of the bracket 21 away from the wedge block 25. One end of the screw rod of the bolt 26 is rotatably connected to the bracket 21, and the other end is screwed to the wedge block 25, and the wedge block 25 is provided with a screw hole 2501, and the screw rod of the bolt 26 is screwed to the wedge block 25 through the screw hole 2501. In the embodiment of the present application, by rotating the bolt 26, the wedge block 25 can be accurately moved along a predetermined direction between the pressure blocks 24, thereby effectively and accurately controlling the distance change between the two pressure blocks 24.

[0036] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The bearing 13 preload unloading device also includes two alignment components 3, which are respectively located on both sides of the bolt 26 in the length direction of the bracket 21. The alignment component 3 includes a guide rod 31, a spring rod 32, and a pressure sensor 33. The guide rod 31, the spring rod 32, and the pressure sensor 33 are sequentially connected in the length direction of the bolt 26. The guide rod 31 is slidably connected to the wedge block 25 and the bracket 21, and the pressure sensor 33 is connected to the bracket 21. In the embodiment of the present application, when the two pressure blocks 24 are inserted into the gap between the shaft shoulder 12 and the bearing 13, the two guide rods 31 are pressed against the side wall of the main shaft 11. If the pressures of the two pressure sensors 33 are equal, it means that the two pressure blocks 24 are exactly opposite to the shaft shoulder 12 and the bearing 13, respectively. When the distance between the two pressure blocks 24 is enlarged, one pressure block 24 can effectively contact and press against the shaft shoulder 12, and the other can effectively contact and press against the bearing 13, ensuring that the shaft shoulder 12, the bearing 13 and the two pressure blocks 24 are evenly stressed, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the unloading process of the bearing 13. At the same time, damage to the electric spindle 1 due to excessive local pressure is avoided.

[0037] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the positioning assembly 3 also includes a magnet 34, which is arranged on the side of the wedge block 25 away from the bracket 21 and is connected to the guide rod 31. The bearing 13 preload unloading device also includes a magnetic tube 4, which is used to be sleeved on the electric spindle 1 and attracted to the magnet 34. The magnetic tube 4 includes two semicircular tubes 41, and the two semicircular tubes 41 are connected to form the magnetic tube 4. In the embodiment of the present application, the magnet 34 can be firmly adsorbed on the magnetic tube 4 to ensure that the positioning assembly 3 is stably and reliably fixed on the electric spindle 1, thereby avoiding position deviation caused by manual adjustment. In addition, when the distance between the two pressure blocks 24 is enlarged, the spindle 11 can also be ensured not to be scratched under the isolation of the magnetic tube 4.

[0038] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2and Figure 3 A bearing 13 preload unloading method, based on the above-mentioned bearing 13 preload unloading device, comprises the following steps: The magnetic tube 4 is placed on the main shaft 11 between the shaft shoulder 12 and the bearing 13 .

[0039] Two pressure blocks 24 are inserted into the gap between the shaft shoulder 12 and the bearing 13 , with one pressure block 24 facing the shaft shoulder 12 and the other pressure block 24 facing the bearing 13 .

[0040] The bolt 26 is rotated to move the wedge block 25 toward the bracket 21 .

[0041] The wedge block 25 expands the distance between the two pressure blocks 24 and pushes the bearing 13 away from the shaft shoulder 12. Finally, the bearing 13 will break through the force point after being subjected to the axial force and will be displaced from the main shaft 11, so that the bearing 13 can be easily removed.

[0042] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In the embodiment of the present application, not only can the bearing 13 be quickly unloaded, but also the bearing 13 or the main shaft 11 can be effectively avoided from being damaged during operation. The method uses the magnetic tube 4 to fix the position, ensuring that the pressure block 24 is accurately inserted into the gap between the shaft shoulder 12 and the bearing 13, thereby improving the operation accuracy. At the same time, by rotating the bolt 26, the wedge block 25 is moved and the distance between the two pressure blocks 24 is enlarged, thereby applying a uniform axial force, so that the bearing 13 is smoothly separated from the main shaft 11, ensuring the safety and reliability of the disassembly process.

[0043] The implementation principle of a bearing 13 preload unloading device and unloading method in the embodiment of the present application is: Put the magnetic tube 4 on the main shaft 11 between the shoulder 12 and the bearing 13. Insert two pressure blocks 24 into the gap between the shoulder 12 and the bearing 13, and make one pressure block 24 opposite to the shoulder 12 and the other pressure block 24 opposite to the bearing 13, and make the magnet 34 adsorb on the magnetic tube 4 to ensure that the tensioning assembly 2 is stably and reliably fixed on the side wall of the electric spindle 1. Rotate the bolt 26 to move the wedge block 25 toward the bracket 21. The wedge block 25 expands the distance between the two pressure blocks 24 and pushes the bearing 13 away from the shoulder 12. Finally, after the bearing 13 is subjected to the axial force, it will break through the force point and displace with the main shaft 11, and the bearing 13 can be easily removed.

[0044] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in this application should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which this application belongs. The words "first", "second", "third" and similar words used in the specification and claims of this application do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "One" or "one" and similar words do not indicate a quantitative limit, but indicate that there is at least one. "Include" or "comprise" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing before "include" or "comprise" include the elements or objects listed after "include" or "comprise" and their equivalents, and do not exclude other elements or objects. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0045] The above are all optional embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A bearing preload unloading device, characterized in that: The tensioning assembly (2) comprises a bracket (21), a wedge block (25) and two pressure blocks (24); in the width direction of the bracket (21), the two pressure blocks (24) are arranged opposite to each other, and the first ends of the pressure blocks (24) are connected to the bracket (21); The wedge block (25) is movably mounted on the bracket (21) between the two pressure blocks (24), and when the wedge block (25) moves toward the bracket (21), the distance between the two pressure blocks (24) can be expanded.

2. A bearing preload unloading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A side plate (22) is connected between the first end of the pressure bearing block (24) and the bracket (21), and the side plate (22) is elastically deformable.

3. A bearing preload unloading device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Side elastic pads (23) are provided on opposite sides of the two pressure blocks (24).

4. A bearing preload unloading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the direction from the second end of the pressure block (24) to the bracket (21), the distance between the two pressure blocks (24) decreases gradually.

5. A bearing preload unloading device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The wedge block (25) is disposed between the two pressure blocks (24), is in contact with the two pressure blocks (24), and has an end with a small diameter pointing toward the bracket (21); In the direction from the second end of the pressure block (24) to the bracket (21), the wedge block (25) is telescopically mounted on the bracket (21).

6. A bearing preload unloading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tensioning assembly (2) further comprises a bolt (26), wherein the length direction of the bolt (26) is arranged along the direction from the second end of the pressure block (24) to the bracket (21); The head of the bolt (26) is located on a side of the bracket (21) away from the wedge block (25); One end of the screw rod of the bolt (26) is rotatably connected to the bracket (21), and the other end is threadedly connected to the wedge block (25).

7. A bearing preload unloading device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The bearing preload unloading device further comprises two alignment components (3), wherein the two alignment components (3) are respectively located on both sides of the bolt (26) in the length direction of the bracket (21); The calibration assembly (3) comprises a guide rod (31), a spring rod (32), and a pressure sensor (33). The guide rod (31), the spring rod (32), and the pressure sensor (33) are connected in sequence in the length direction of the bolt (26). The guide rod (31) is slidably connected to the wedge block (25) and the bracket (21), and the pressure sensor (33) is connected to the bracket (21).

8. A bearing preload unloading device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The alignment assembly (3) further comprises a magnet (34), wherein the magnet (34) is arranged on a side of the wedge block (25) away from the bracket (21) and is connected to the guide rod (31); The bearing preload unloading device further comprises a magnetic tube (4), wherein the magnetic tube (4) is used to be sleeved on the electric spindle (1) and to attract the magnet (34); The magnetic tube (4) comprises two semicircular tubes (41), and the two semicircular tubes (41) are connected to form the magnetic tube (4).

9. A method for unloading a bearing (13) preload, based on a bearing preload unloading device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The steps include: The magnetic tube (4) is sleeved on the main shaft (11) between the shaft shoulder (12) and the bearing (13); Inserting the two pressure blocks (24) into the gap between the shaft shoulder (12) and the bearing (13), with one of the pressure blocks (24) facing the shaft shoulder (12) and the other of the pressure blocks (24) facing the bearing (13); Rotating the bolt (26) to move the wedge block (25) toward the bracket (21); The wedge block (25) increases the distance between the two pressure blocks (24) and pushes the bearing (13) in a direction away from the shaft shoulder (12). Finally, the bearing (13) is subjected to an axial force and breaks through the force point, thereby generating displacement with the main shaft (11), so that the bearing (13) can be easily removed.

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