Shield tunnel segment structure deformation adjusting and supporting device and method

Abstract

The invention provides a shield tunnel segment structure deformation adjusting and supporting device and method, belongs to the technical field of tunnel maintenance, and is used for shield tunnel segment deformation adjusting and repairing. The device comprises a movable carrier and at least one set of supporting rings, the movable carrier carries the supporting rings to move in the tunnel, the axis direction of the supporting rings is consistent with the axis direction of the tunnel, the outer ring direction of the supporting rings faces the inner ring face of the tunnel, and the inner ring sides of the supporting rings are connected to the movable carrier; a supporting structure is arranged on the outer ring side of the supporting ring and comprises a supporting plate and an expansion structure arranged between the supporting plate and the supporting ring, and when the expansion structure expands, the supporting plate is away from the supporting ring and close to the inner ring face of the tunnel. The method is combined with the device, bentonite slurry is injected before formal grouting adjustment, the internal friction angle of sandy soil behind the duct piece is reduced, the fluidity is improved, favorable conditions are created for follow-up grouting adjustment, the adjustment efficiency and accuracy are improved, the construction process is simplified, and the construction period is shortened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel maintenance, and in particular relates to a shield tunnel segment structure deformation adjustment support device and method. Background Art

[0002] Shield tunnel is an important form of subway construction, especially suitable for soft soil. It forms a continuous underground passage through the excavation of shield machine and the assembly of pipe segments. Shield tunnel has the advantages of fast construction speed and little impact on ground traffic, so it is widely used in urban subway construction.

[0003] During the long-term operation of shield tunnels, the tunnel segments may deform due to the influence of geological conditions, external environment, construction quality and other factors. This deformation may manifest as convergence deformation, which in turn causes joint opening, water leakage and other phenomena, seriously threatening the tunnel structure and operational safety. When the deformation exceeds a certain limit, it will also cause a series of structural diseases such as crushing and falling of segment concrete.

[0004] In view of the deformation problem of shield tunnel segments in soft soil layers such as water-rich sand layers, deformation adjustment needs to be carried out in a timely manner. Grouting reinforcement and other measures can be used to repair tunnel deformation and improve the structural stability and safety of the tunnel. However, the corresponding construction process is relatively complicated, and reasonable structural support needs to be ensured during the construction process to improve the quality of repair and the safety of the repair process. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art mentioned above, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a shield tunnel segment structure deformation adjustment support device and method, which is used to reasonably support the segment structure during the shield tunnel segment deformation repair construction process, thereby improving the repair quality and the safety of the repair process.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object and other related objects, the present invention provides a shield tunnel segment structure deformation adjustment support device and method.

[0007] Among them, a shield tunnel segment structure deformation adjustment support device includes a mobile carrier and a support ring, the mobile carrier carries the support ring to move in the tunnel, the support ring includes at least one group, the axis direction of the support ring is consistent with the axis direction of the tunnel, the outer ring direction of the support ring faces the inner ring surface of the tunnel, and the inner ring side of the support ring is connected to the mobile carrier; A support structure is arranged on the outer ring side of the support ring, and the support structure comprises a support plate and an expansion structure arranged between the support plate and the support ring. When the expansion structure expands, the support plate moves away from the support ring and approaches the inner ring surface of the tunnel.

[0008] Optionally, there are multiple groups of support structures that act independently of each other to support local areas of the tunnel.

[0009] Optionally, the support ring includes an inner ring body and a side ring body, the inner ring body is located inside the support ring and is fixedly connected to the mobile carrier, the two side ring bodies are connected to both sides of the inner ring body, and the inner ring body and the side ring body form a groove structure facing the tunnel wall; The expansion structure is arranged in the groove structure, and the support plate is located at one side of the opening of the groove structure and is driven by the expansion structure to move toward or away from the tunnel wall.

[0010] Optionally, on a single side of the support ring, the support structures are arranged in a circumferential array; On both sides of the support ring, the support structures on both sides are symmetrically arranged; The support plate is a sheet structure, one end of which is a straight plate and the other end is an arc-shaped plate, one side of the straight plate is fixedly connected to the action end of the expansion structure, one side of the arc-shaped plate is inclined with the support ring and extends toward the wall of the tunnel, and the arc-shaped plate and the wall of the tunnel have the same bending direction; On one side of the support ring, for two adjacent support structures of the circumferential array, the arc-shaped plate pieces of the support plate on the front support structure are located outside the straight plate pieces of the support plate on the rear support structure, but there is a first spacing area between them; At the top of the support ring, the arc-shaped plates of the support plates of the two support structures are symmetrical about the vertical plane, and a second spacing area is provided between the bottom of the two arc-shaped plates and the support ring.

[0011] Optionally, on both sides of the support ring, the expansion structure includes a first telescopic device, the first telescopic device includes four groups of first telescopic cylinders arranged in parallel, and each of the first telescopic cylinders is connected between the inner ring body and a straight plate piece of the support plate of the same group.

[0012] Optionally, on both sides of the support ring, the expansion structure further includes a second telescopic device, the second telescopic device includes a group of second telescopic cylinders, the second telescopic cylinders pass through the straight plate pieces of the support plates of the same group, and are connected between the inner ring body and the arc-shaped plate pieces of another adjacent group of support plates; The second telescopic cylinder is located in the middle area of ​​the four groups of the first telescopic cylinders.

[0013] Optionally, a box shell with a single-side opening is provided at the end of the telescopic shaft of the second telescopic cylinder, the box shell is located in the first spacing area, the opening surface of the box shell faces the back of the arc-shaped plate of the support plate, the opening surface of the box shell is also arc-shaped and matches the arc surface trend of the arc-shaped plate, and the spacing between the opening surface of the box shell and the arc-shaped plate is adjusted by the second telescopic cylinder; A first air bag is arranged in the box shell, and the first air bag abuts against the back surface of the arc-shaped plate at a corresponding position.

[0014] Optionally, at the top of the support ring, a second airbag is arranged in the second spacing area, and the second airbag abuts against the back surface of the arc-shaped plate at a corresponding position.

[0015] Optionally, the mobile vehicle is provided with wheels and a grouting system, the wheels drive the mobile vehicle to move, and the grouting system injects grout into the rear side of the pipe segment through grouting holes reserved or newly drilled on the pipe segment.

[0016] A method for adjusting the deformation of a shield tunnel segment structure adopts a support device for adjusting the deformation of a shield tunnel segment structure as described in any one of the above items, comprising the following steps: Tunnel segment deformation survey: measure the deformation section of each section of the tunnel, compare it with the tunnel design section, and determine the deformation of the tunnel segment; The tunnel segment deformation adjustment is to adjust the deformation at various locations according to the result of the tunnel segment deformation survey step, including the following sub-steps: The mobile carrier carries the support ring to the section to be adjusted; According to the result of the tunnel segment deformation survey step, the tunnel deformation section, the design section and the adjustment target section of the section to be adjusted are obtained; The supporting structures of the supporting rings move, and the arc-shaped plates of each supporting structure come into contact with the tunnel segments in the corresponding areas, that is, they are in a deformed section state; Grouting adjustment: first, inject bentonite slurry into the grouting holes on the top of the tunnel, and then perform grouting in the grouting holes on one or both sides of the tunnel. During the grouting process, the pipe segment gradually deforms and squeezes the support structure. The support structure gradually shrinks according to the squeezing force to ensure that the squeezing force does not exceed the set value. The grouting stop conditions are: the support structure shrinks to the designed cross-section state, or the squeezing force converges and stabilizes during the grouting process, or the grouting pressure exceeds 0.5MPa. When grouting stops, the extrusion pressure of each supporting structure's supporting point is recorded. After grouting stops, the grouting channel is cut off, and each supporting structure maintains support and continues to obtain the extrusion pressure of each supporting point. After the extrusion pressure stabilizes, each supporting structure slowly moves to gradually withdraw the support until the extrusion pressure reaches zero and stops moving. According to the supporting points of each supporting structure or the re-survey of the tunnel section, the new actual tunnel section is obtained. If it meets the adjustment target section, the deformation adjustment of the current section segment is ended; if it does not meet the requirements, the deformation adjustment of the tunnel segment is carried out again.

[0017] As described above, the shield tunnel segment structure deformation adjustment support device and method of the present invention have at least the following beneficial effects: The support device for deformation adjustment of the shield tunnel segment structure combined with its method significantly improves the flexibility and efficiency of deformation adjustment of the tunnel segment. The mobile carrier carries the support ring to flexibly move in the tunnel, cooperates with the expansion of the support structure, and accurately supports the inner ring surface of the tunnel. The support force of the segment structure during the repair process can be adjusted as needed. Combined with the deformation adjustment method of the shield tunnel segment, by injecting bentonite slurry before the formal grouting adjustment, the internal friction angle of the sand behind the segment is effectively reduced, the fluidity is improved, and favorable conditions are created for subsequent grouting adjustments, which significantly improves the efficiency and accuracy of deformation adjustment, simplifies the construction process, shortens the construction period, reduces the tunnel maintenance cost, and ensures the stability and safety of the tunnel structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram showing the working state of the present invention in a tunnel.

[0019] Figure 2 It is a schematic overall diagram of the present invention having multiple support rings.

[0020] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram showing the present invention when working in a tunnel.

[0021] Figure 4 Shown is a schematic diagram of the support ring of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the support ring of the present invention with the side ring body hidden.

[0023] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a support ring with a second telescopic device according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 7 Shown is a partial schematic diagram of the support ring of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 8 Shown is a schematic diagram of the expansion structure of the present invention.

[0026] Fig. 9 Shown is a schematic diagram of the grouting area of ​​the present invention.

[0027] Fig.10 Shown is a schematic diagram of the tunnel cross-section adjustment of the present invention.

[0028] Among them: mobile carrier 1, support plate 2, straight plate piece 20, arc plate piece 21, expansion structure 3, first telescopic cylinder 31, second telescopic cylinder 32, box shell 33, support ring 4, inner ring body 40, side ring body 41, first spacer area 51, second spacer area 52, deformed section 90, designed section 91, target section 92, top grouting hole 80, and grouting holes 81 on both sides. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following is a description of the implementation of the present invention by means of specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification.

[0030] See also Figures 1 to 10 . It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in the drawings of this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification for people familiar with this technology to understand and read, and are not used to limit the limiting conditions for the implementation of the present invention, so they have no substantial technical significance. Any modification of the structure, change in the proportional relationship, or adjustment of the size should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed by the present invention without affecting the effects and purposes that can be achieved by the present invention. At the same time, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" quoted in this specification are only for the convenience of description, and are not used to limit the scope of the implementation of the present invention. Changes or adjustments in their relative relationships should also be regarded as the scope of the implementation of the present invention without substantially changing the technical content.

[0031] The following embodiments are only for illustration purposes and can be combined with each other, and are not limited to the contents presented in the following single embodiments.

[0032] For this example, please refer to Figure 1-8 , an embodiment of a support device for adjusting the deformation of a shield tunnel segment structure provided by the present invention comprises a mobile carrier 1 and a support ring 4, the mobile carrier 1 carries the support ring 4 and moves in the tunnel, the support ring 4 comprises at least one group, the axial direction of the support ring 4 is consistent with the axial direction of the tunnel, the outer ring direction of the support ring 4 faces the inner ring wall of the tunnel, and the inner ring side of the support ring 4 is connected to the mobile carrier 1. The mobile carrier 1 can be a carrier or a trolley with a mobile function such as a tunnel inspection vehicle, and the support ring 4 as a whole can be set as an independent structure and detachably installed on the mobile carrier 1. Taking the mobile carrier 1 as a tunnel inspection vehicle as an example, in conventional inspection operations, the tunnel inspection vehicle does not need to be installed with the support ring 4, and the support ring 4 is only installed on the tunnel inspection vehicle when the tunnel segment needs to be adjusted. The support ring 4 is a ring with a notch, the notch faces downward, and the support ring 4 as a whole can cover the mobile carrier 1 from top to bottom and be detachably installed therewith. Once installed as one, the outer periphery of the support device will be a multi-circle arc shape, matching the tunnel cross section; Specifically, a support structure is provided on the outer ring side of the support ring 4, and the support structure includes a support plate 2 and an expansion structure 3 provided between the support plate 2 and the support ring 4. When the expansion structure 3 expands, the support plate 2 moves away from the support ring 4 and approaches the inner ring surface of the tunnel; when the expansion structure 3 contracts in the reverse direction, the support plate 2 moves away from the inner ring surface of the tunnel and approaches the body of the support ring 4. The expansion structure 3 can adjust the support distance and support force of the support plate 2 on the inner ring surface of the tunnel.

[0033] To better describe the beneficial effects of the above embodiment, the following is described in conjunction with a shield tunnel segment structure deformation adjustment method. The method uses a shield tunnel segment structure deformation adjustment support device as described above, and includes the following steps: Tunnel segment deformation survey, please refer to Fig.10 , measure the deformation section 90 of each section of the tunnel, compare it with the tunnel design section 91, judge the deformation of the tunnel segment, and formulate an adjustment plan, including determining the adjustment target section 92. Generally speaking, the adjustment target section 92 is a range, not a single value. Underground lines are mainly shield tunnel structures. During the operation cycle of the tunnel, the environment around the tunnel will inevitably change, and with the continuous development of urbanization, such environmental changes have become more frequent. In general, changes in the environment around the tunnel can be divided into two categories: ① unloading conditions, mainly caused by activities such as foundation pit or tunnel excavation; ② loading conditions, mainly caused by engineering activities such as illegal soil abandonment, road construction, and river backfilling. Loading and unloading will lead to the appearance of additional stress fields and displacement fields, thereby destroying the original equilibrium state of the tunnel. Compared with other methods, the shield tunnel structure has a large number of joints. The characteristics of multiple joints reduce the overall stiffness of the tunnel in the circumferential and longitudinal directions. Changes in the surrounding environment can easily cause deformation of the shield tunnel, which in turn causes a series of structural diseases, posing hidden dangers to the safe operation of the tunnel. During the tunnel operation cycle, the tunnel needs to be monitored regularly. If there are large abnormal changes in the convergence deformation of the tunnel in the line section, especially when the monitoring value exceeds the design value, it will seriously threaten the safety of the tunnel structure if it is not promptly managed; Tunnel segment deformation adjustment, according to the results of the tunnel segment deformation survey step, the deformation of each location is adjusted. Generally speaking, the deformation of the tunnel structure mainly presents the following Fig.10 The compressive deformation shown in the figure is manifested as the tunnel section widening but the height decreasing, which further causes a series of structural defects such as crushing of the segment concrete, falling blocks, water leakage and mud leakage, which seriously threatens the tunnel structure and operational safety. Therefore, the tunnel structure remediation work is mainly carried out around the cross-sectional convergence deformation, and the main remediation methods include lateral micro-disturbance grouting, etc. In this scheme, the tunnel segment deformation adjustment includes the following sub-steps: The mobile carrier 1 carries the support ring 4 to the section to be adjusted. Figure 1 ; According to the results of the tunnel segment deformation survey step, the tunnel deformation section 90, the design section 91 and the adjustment target section 92 of the section to be adjusted are obtained. Fig.10 ; The supporting structure of the supporting ring 4 moves, and the arc-shaped plates 21 of each supporting structure contact with the tunnel segments in the corresponding area, that is, in the state of deformed cross section 90, at this time, they are only in contact with each other but do not provide supporting force, and then the main work of deformation adjustment of the tunnel segments is carried out; For grouting adjustment, please refer to Fig. 9 First, inject bentonite slurry into the grouting hole 80 at the top of the tunnel, and then inject grouting into the grouting holes 81 on one or both sides of the tunnel. It should be noted that Fig. 9 The locations of the grouting holes marked in the figure are only for reference and not for accuracy. Bentonite slurry is first injected from the top to mix the sand and soil, reduce the internal friction angle and improve fluidity. By reducing the friction between the sand and soil, it also acts as a lubricant, making it easier to perform grouting on both sides of the tunnel to restore the deformation of the pipe segments and improve the effect of subsequent grouting.

[0034] Bentonite is a non-metallic mineral with montmorillonite as the main mineral component, also known as bentonite, bentonite or bentonite. The determination of the amount of bentonite slurry to be injected needs to comprehensively consider the deformation degree of the tunnel segment, the physical properties of the sand behind the segment (such as particle size distribution, water content, porosity, etc.) and the expected grouting effect. The properties of bentonite are closely related to its montmorillonite content. In actual operation, when selecting bentonite, the reasonable type of bentonite and the amount of bentonite slurry to be injected can be determined through laboratory simulation tests or small-scale field tests. Bentonite slurry with moderate concentration can better fill the pores of the sand and form a stable sand-soil mixed structure, thereby reducing the internal friction angle and better promoting the flow and diffusion of the slurry in the mixed sand during the subsequent grouting process, so as to ensure that the subsequent segment adjustment grouting process is efficient and accurate.

[0035] During the grouting process of bentonite slurry, it is necessary to pay close attention to the changes in parameters such as grouting pressure and grouting rate. The selection of grouting pressure should be determined according to the strength of the sand behind the segment and the depth of the grouting hole to ensure that the bentonite slurry can fully penetrate into the sand behind the segment and form a good slurry layer. The control of the grouting rate should be adjusted according to the changes in grouting pressure and grouting volume. During implementation, the soil conditions at different construction sites are different. In order to obtain targeted construction parameters, soil can be taken from behind the tunnel segment at the construction site to analyze the physical properties of the soil, and then a laboratory simulation test or a small-scale field test can be established to obtain the changes in the physical properties of the soil and the impact on the subsequent segment adjustment grouting from different locations and different injection amounts of bentonite slurry in the tunnel, and the key grouting parameters for real adjustment can be set accordingly.

[0036] After the bentonite slurry grouting is completed, the subsequent lateral grouting can adopt micro-disturbance grouting, according to the deformation of each side of the tunnel. If only one side is deformed, grouting is only performed on one side. During the grouting process, the segment gradually deforms (restores its shape) and squeezes the supporting structure. The supporting structure gradually shrinks according to the size of the squeezing force to ensure that the squeezing force does not exceed the set value. This set value should not be too large. Its function is to ensure that the supporting structure has abutment and limiting effect on the segment, but it cannot affect the shape recovery of the segment caused by the grouting pressure. The grouting stop conditions are: the supporting structure shrinks to the design section 91 state, or the squeezing force converges and stabilizes during the grouting process, or the grouting pressure exceeds 0.5Mpa. The grouting holes on the side of the tunnel can be set according to the deformation situation, mainly in the area with larger deformation. The longitudinal hole spacing of the grouting holes along the tunnel should be greater than the transverse hole spacing. During the on-site grouting process, the segment ring will undergo a certain horizontal displacement under the action of the grouting pressure, such as Fig.10 In the process of recovering from the deformed section 90 to the designed section 91, excessive horizontal displacement will cause the lateral misalignment and deformation of the segment ring, which may cause water leakage in the annular joint. To avoid this problem, the method of grouting with spaced holes is adopted along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and on the basis of following the orderly and controllable grouting principle of "uniform, small amount, multi-point, and multiple times", a support structure is set to support and abut the segment from the inside of the tunnel, but attention should be paid to the control of the extrusion force between the support structure and the segment. Ideally, the support structure only provides limiting and abutment, but no reaction force. That is, the support structure only contacts and tracks the deformation and return of the segment without restricting the deformation and return of the segment, and ensures that the process proceeds smoothly and slowly. However, if the segment is displaced significantly or even loosens from the wall, the support structure can also ensure that the segment remains in place and does not fall off; When grouting stops, record the extrusion pressure (small but not zero) of each supporting structure at the supporting point. After grouting stops, cut off the grouting channel, and each supporting structure maintains support and continues to obtain the extrusion pressure of each supporting point. After the extrusion pressure stabilizes, each supporting structure slowly moves to gradually withdraw the support until the extrusion pressure reaches zero and stops. Fig.10 Before grouting, due to the influence of water and soil pressure around the tunnel and the ground load, the tunnel cross section presents a "flattened" large deformation deformation section 90. During the grouting process, the horizontal pressure generated by the slurry increases the lateral force of the tunnel, and the tunnel convergence deformation is reduced relative to the initial state. The tunnel cross-sectional size is restored to a certain extent, such as returning to the design section 91. After the grouting is completed, with the dissipation of the excess pore water pressure outside the tunnel and the consolidation of the soil, the tunnel convergence deformation will increase again. Due to the micro-disturbance of the soil during the grouting process and the solidification and hardening of the slurry, the mechanical properties of the soil around the tunnel are improved, so that the tunnel convergence deformation will not be completely restored to the state before grouting, but will rebound, for example, stabilize in the area of ​​the adjusted target section 92.

[0037] Finally, to ensure the quality of the adjustment, it is necessary to re-survey the support points of each supporting structure or the tunnel section to obtain a new actual tunnel section. If it meets the adjustment target section 92, the deformation adjustment of the current segment is terminated; if it does not meet the requirements, the deformation adjustment of the tunnel segment is performed again.

[0038] In the above embodiments, the shield tunnel segment structure deformation adjustment support device and method significantly improve the efficiency and safety of tunnel maintenance. The combination of the mobile carrier and the support ring makes the support operation flexible and convenient, and can be quickly deployed and adjusted according to the tunnel deformation. The notch design and detachable installation characteristics of the support ring further enhance its adaptability and practicality.

[0039] At the method level, effective control of tunnel structure deformation is achieved through surveying the deformation of tunnel segments and combining grouting adjustment technology. During the grouting process, the dynamic adjustment of the support structure ensures the stable application of grouting pressure and the slow recovery of the segments, avoiding the lateral misalignment and deformation of the segment ring caused by excessive horizontal displacement. At the same time, the limiting and abutment effects provided by the support structure not only ensure the grouting effect, but also avoid the influence of the reaction force on the recovery deformation of the segments.

[0040] In summary, the application of the present device and method not only effectively restores the stability and safety of the tunnel structure, but also greatly reduces the construction difficulty and cost, providing a strong guarantee for the long-term safe operation of the shield tunnel.

[0041] In this embodiment, there are multiple groups of support structures that act independently to support local areas of the tunnel. The multiple independent designs of the support structures significantly improve the flexibility and accuracy of the support. In view of the diversity and deformation differences of the tunnel cross-sections, each support structure can act independently to provide local support as needed to ensure the maximum support effect. This refined support method not only optimizes the support efficiency, but also effectively avoids the problem of over-support or under-support, and improves the overall adjustment effect of the tunnel structure deformation.

[0042] In this embodiment, the support ring 4 includes an inner ring body 40 and a side ring body 41. The inner ring body 40 is located inside the support ring 4 and is fixedly connected to the mobile vehicle 1. The two side ring bodies 41 are connected to both sides of the inner ring body 40. The inner ring body 40 and the side ring body 41 form a groove structure facing the tunnel wall. The inner ring body 40 and the side ring body 41 can be welded into one body using steel structural parts, and then detachably connected to the mobile vehicle. The expansion structure 3 is arranged in the groove structure, and the support plate 2 is located on the opening side of the groove structure, and is pushed toward or away from the tunnel wall under the drive of the expansion structure 3. The groove structure design of the support ring enhances its structural stability and supporting force transmission efficiency. The inner ring body and the side ring body are welded together to ensure the overall strength of the support ring. The expansion structure in the groove structure can flexibly drive the support plate and transmit the reaction force to the inner ring body and the mobile carrier, so as to achieve accurate and stable support for the tunnel wall. This design not only improves the reliability and flexibility of the support, but also effectively reduces the overall weight and complexity of the device, facilitates the detachable connection between the support ring 4 and the mobile carrier, and is more convenient for the rapid deployment and implementation of the device.

[0043] In this embodiment, the support structures are arranged in a circumferential array on one side of the support ring 4; On both sides of the support ring 4, the support structures on both sides are symmetrically arranged; The support plate 2 is a sheet structure, see Figure 4 and Figure 8 , one end is a straight plate 20, and the other end is an arc plate 21. One side of the straight plate 20 is fixedly connected to the action end of the expansion structure 3, and one side of the arc plate 21 is inclined with the support ring 4 and extends toward the wall of the tunnel. The arc plate 21 and the wall of the tunnel have the same bending direction, and it is easier to adapt to the cross section of the tunnel to form a support when it is pressed against the tunnel wall. The support plate 2 can be a sheet structure formed by stacking multiple layers of steel sheets, and strain gauges are arranged between the stacked layers. A rubber cushion layer is arranged on the overall surface after stacking. The strain gauge can detect the strain of the arc plate 21, and then calculate the supporting force. The rubber cushion layer can play a protective role and serve as a buffer for the supporting contact part. The support plate adopts a design combining a straight plate and an arc plate. The arc plate part can better fit the shape of the tunnel wall, thereby improving the stability and adaptability of the support. The multi-layer steel sheet stacking structure enhances the support strength and has a strong elastic deformation ability. At the same time, the built-in strain gauge can monitor the supporting force in real time to ensure construction safety. The rubber cushion layer acts as a buffer, effectively protecting the tunnel wall and reducing friction damage during the support process; On one side of the support ring 4, see Figure 5 , two adjacent support structures in a circular array, the arc-shaped plate piece 21 of the support plate 2 on the front support structure is located outside the straight plate piece 20 of the support plate 2 on the rear support structure, but there is a first spacing area 51 between them. This support structure design enables the support plates of adjacent support structures to form a staggered layout when they are arranged in a single-sided circular array on the support ring. A first spacing area is left between the arc-shaped plate piece and the straight plate piece, which not only ensures the comprehensiveness of the support but also avoids mutual interference. The first spacing area is used to set up other devices. Multiple support structures work together to greatly enhance the stability and strength of the overall support, providing a more reliable safety guarantee for tunnel construction; At the top of the support ring 4, the arc-shaped plates 21 of the support plates 2 of the two support structures are symmetrical about the vertical plane, and there is a second spacing area 52 between the bottom of the two arc-shaped plates 21 and the support ring 4. Compared with the transverse section deformation, the longitudinal impact of the tunnel is relatively small and generally does not affect the structural safety. Therefore, the tunnel structure improvement work is mainly carried out around the transverse section deformation of the cross section, so it is necessary to give priority to ensuring lateral support. The support plates 2 on both sides need to be arranged in a mirror image, and the two arc-shaped plates 21 in the top area are opposite to each other, ensuring effective support for the transverse and vertical sections of the tunnel, and through the setting of the second spacing area, the interaction between the support structures is optimized, and the second spacing area can also be used to set other devices.

[0044] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 5 On both sides of the support ring 4, the expansion structure 3 includes a first telescopic device, which includes four groups of first telescopic cylinders 31 arranged in parallel. Each first telescopic cylinder 31 is connected between the inner ring body 40 and the straight plate 20 of the support plate 2 of the same group. The telescopic movement of the first telescopic cylinder 31 can control the translation of the straight plate 20, and the translation of the straight plate 20 can drive the arc plate 21 to abut against the tunnel wall. The arc plate 21 can automatically bend and deform according to the degree of abutment, adapt to the shape of the tunnel wall, and form a fitting support. In general, through four groups of first telescopic cylinders arranged in parallel, the translation of the straight plate of the support plate is accurately controlled, thereby driving the arc plate to abut closely against the tunnel wall. The automatic bending and deformation ability of the arc plate enables it to appropriately fit various tunnel wall shapes and provide stable and uniform support. This design not only improves the support effect, but also enhances the safety and flexibility of construction.

[0045] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 6-Figure 8 , on both sides of the support ring 4, the expansion structure 3 also includes a second telescopic device, which includes a group of second telescopic cylinders 32. After the second telescopic cylinders 32 pass through the straight plate pieces 20 of the support plate 2 of the same group, they are connected between the inner ring body 40 and the arc-shaped plate pieces 21 of another adjacent group of support plates 2; the second telescopic cylinders 32 are located in the middle area of ​​the four groups of first telescopic cylinders 31. When the second telescopic cylinders 32 are telescoped, the second telescopic cylinders 32 can abut against the rear side of the arc-shaped plate pieces 21 to form support. In specific implementation, the first telescopic cylinder 31 first allows the straight plate pieces 20 to translate and drive the arc-shaped plate pieces 21 to abut against the tunnel wall, and then the arc-shaped plate pieces are automatically bent and deformed to adapt to the shape of the tunnel wall, and finally the second telescopic cylinders 32 extend and abut against the rear side of the arc-shaped plate pieces 21, thereby providing a better support effect. By adding the second telescopic cylinder, the support structure is further optimized. The second telescopic cylinder not only enhances the supporting force of the arc-shaped plate pieces, but also improves the stability and adaptability of the support. The first telescopic cylinder first makes the curved plate contact with the tunnel wall and automatically bends and deforms, and then the second telescopic cylinder provides additional support, ensuring both fit and support. This design significantly improves the effect and safety of tunnel support.

[0046] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 , a box shell 33 with a single-side opening is provided at the end of the telescopic shaft of the second telescopic cylinder 32, the box shell 33 is located in the first spacing area 51, the opening surface of the box shell 33 faces the back of the arc-shaped plate 21 of the support plate 2, the opening surface of the box shell 33 is also arc-shaped and matches the arc surface trend of the arc-shaped plate 21, and the distance between the opening surface of the box shell 33 and the arc-shaped plate 21 is adjusted by the second telescopic cylinder 32; A first airbag is arranged in the box shell 33, and the first airbag abuts against the back of the arc-shaped plate 21 at the corresponding position. On the basis of the previous embodiment, in this embodiment, when supporting the back of the arc-shaped plate 21, the box shell 33 itself does not contact the back of the arc-shaped plate 21, but is supported by the expansion of the first airbag. Because the arc-shaped plate 21 will deform when it fits the tunnel wall, the end of the telescopic shaft of the second telescopic cylinder 32 directly abutting against the arc-shaped plate 21 may not be effective, and the automatic deformation of the arc-shaped plate 21 may not be able to fully adapt to the tunnel wall. In this embodiment, the first airbag is flexible and can easily support the back of the arc-shaped plate 21 when it is expanded, so that the arc-shaped plate 21 can fit the tunnel wall more snugly.

[0047] The above embodiment achieves flexible support for the back of the arc-shaped plate by introducing the first airbag. Compared with rigid support, the expansion of the airbag can better adapt to the deformation of the arc-shaped plate, ensuring its close fit with the tunnel wall. At the same time, it avoids the problem of uneven support that may be caused by the direct contact of the second telescopic cylinder, and improves the support effect and the overall stability of the tunnel. This flexible support method not only enhances safety, but also provides a more flexible and efficient solution for tunnel construction and maintenance.

[0048] In this embodiment, at the top of the support ring 4, see Figure 5 A second airbag is provided in the second spacer 52, and the second airbag abuts against the back of the arc-shaped plate 21 at the corresponding position. The expansion of the second airbag allows the back of the arc-shaped plate 21 to abut against and adapt to the top wall of the tunnel. The expansion of the second airbag can flexibly adapt to the elastic deformation of the arc-shaped plate, ensure its close fit with the top wall of the tunnel, and improve the stability and safety of the support.

[0049] In this embodiment, the mobile vehicle 1 is provided with wheels and a grouting system. The wheels drive the mobile vehicle 1 to move, and the grouting system injects grout into the rear side of the segment through the grouting holes reserved or newly drilled on the segment. The tunnel segment grouting system mainly includes key components such as a grouting pump, a grouting pipeline, a grouting pipe, a slurry mixer, a liquid storage tank, a material storage equipment, a metering device, and a control device. The grouting pump is responsible for injecting the evenly mixed grouting material into the grouting pipe under high pressure. The grouting pipeline and the grouting pipe ensure that the slurry can be accurately delivered to the rear area of ​​the tunnel segment that needs to be adjusted. The slurry mixer is used in conjunction with the liquid storage tank, the material storage equipment, and the metering equipment to efficiently prepare the grouting material according to the predetermined ratio, ensuring that the performance of the slurry meets the engineering requirements.

[0050] In summary, the present invention effectively overcomes various shortcomings in the prior art, can produce beneficial technical effects, and has significant progress.

[0051] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with the art may modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by a person of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed by the present invention shall still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shield tunnel segment structure deformation adjustment support device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a mobile carrier (1) and a support ring (4), wherein the mobile carrier (1) carries the support ring (4) and moves in a tunnel, wherein the support ring (4) comprises at least one group, wherein the axial direction of the support ring (4) is consistent with the axial direction of the tunnel, the outer ring direction of the support ring (4) faces the inner ring surface of the tunnel, and the inner ring side of the support ring (4) is connected to the mobile carrier (1); A support structure is provided on the outer ring side of the support ring (4), the support structure comprising a support plate (2) and an expansion structure (3) provided between the support plate (2) and the support ring (4); when the expansion structure (3) expands, the support plate (2) moves away from the support ring (4) and approaches the inner ring surface of the tunnel.

2. A shield tunnel segment structure deformation adjustment support device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The support structures include multiple groups and operate independently of each other to support local areas of the tunnel.

3. A shield tunnel segment structure deformation adjustment support device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The support ring (4) comprises an inner ring body (40) and a side ring body (41); the inner ring body (40) is located inside the support ring (4) and is fixedly connected to the mobile vehicle (1); the two side ring bodies (41) are connected to two sides of the inner ring body (40); the inner ring body (40) and the side ring bodies (41) form a groove-shaped structure facing the tunnel wall; The expansion structure (3) is arranged in the groove-shaped structure, and the support plate (2) is located on the opening side of the groove-shaped structure and moves toward or away from the tunnel wall under the drive of the expansion structure (3).

4. A shield tunnel segment structure deformation adjustment support device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: On one side of the support ring (4), the support structures are arranged in a circumferential array; On both sides of the support ring (4), the support structures on both sides are symmetrically arranged; The support plate (2) is a sheet-like structure, one end of which is a straight plate (20) and the other end of which is a curved plate (21); one side of the straight plate (20) is fixedly connected to the action end of the expansion structure (3); one side of the curved plate (21) is inclined with the support ring (4) and extends toward the wall of the tunnel; the curved plate (21) and the wall of the tunnel have the same bending direction; On one side of the support ring (4), for two adjacent support structures in the circumferential array, the arc-shaped plate piece (21) of the support plate (2) on the front support structure is located outside the straight plate piece (20) of the support plate (2) on the rear support structure, but with a first spacing area (51) between them; At the top of the support ring (4), the arc-shaped plates (21) of the support plates (2) of the two support structures are symmetrical about a vertical plane, and a second spacing area (52) is provided between the bottom of the two arc-shaped plates (21) and the support ring (4).

5. A shield tunnel segment structure deformation adjustment support device as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: On both sides of the support ring (4), the expansion structure (3) comprises a first telescopic device, the first telescopic device comprising four groups of first telescopic cylinders (31) arranged in parallel, each of the first telescopic cylinders (31) being connected between the inner ring body (40) and a straight plate piece (20) of the support plate (2) of the same group.

6. A shield tunnel segment structure deformation adjustment support device as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: On both sides of the support ring (4), the expansion structure (3) further comprises a second telescopic device, the second telescopic device comprising a group of second telescopic cylinders (32), the second telescopic cylinders (32) passing through the straight plate pieces (20) of the same group of support plates (2), and then connected between the inner ring body (40) and the arc-shaped plate pieces (21) of another adjacent group of support plates (2); The second telescopic cylinder (32) is located in the middle area of ​​the four groups of the first telescopic cylinders (31).

7. A shield tunnel segment structure deformation adjustment support device as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: A box shell (33) with a single-sided opening is provided at the end of the telescopic shaft of the second telescopic cylinder (32); the box shell (33) is located in the first spacing area (51); the opening surface of the box shell (33) faces the back side of the arc-shaped plate (21) of the support plate (2); the opening surface of the box shell (33) is also arc-shaped and matches the arc surface trend of the arc-shaped plate (21); the distance between the opening surface of the box shell (33) and the arc-shaped plate (21) is adjusted by the second telescopic cylinder (32); A first airbag is arranged in the box shell (33), and the first airbag abuts against the back surface of the arc-shaped plate (21) at a corresponding position.

8. A shield tunnel segment structure deformation adjustment support device as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: A second airbag is provided in the second spacer area (52) at the top of the support ring (4), and the second airbag abuts against the back surface of the arc-shaped plate (21) at a corresponding position.

9. The shield tunnel segment structure deformation adjustment support device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mobile carrier (1) is provided with wheels and a grouting system. The wheels drive the mobile carrier (1) to move. The grouting system injects grout toward the rear side of the pipe segment through grouting holes reserved or newly drilled on the pipe segment.

10. A method for adjusting deformation of a shield tunnel segment structure, characterized in that: The shield tunnel segment structure deformation adjustment support device according to any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises the following steps: Tunnel segment deformation survey, measuring the deformation section (90) of each section of the tunnel, comparing it with the tunnel design section (91), and determining the deformation of the tunnel segment; The tunnel segment deformation adjustment is to adjust the deformation at various locations according to the result of the tunnel segment deformation survey step, including the following sub-steps: The mobile carrier (1) carries the support ring (4) to the section to be adjusted; According to the result of the tunnel segment deformation survey step, the tunnel deformation section (90), the design section (91) and the adjustment target section (92) of the section to be adjusted are obtained; The supporting structure of the supporting ring (4) moves, and the arc-shaped plates (21) of each supporting structure are in contact with the tunnel segments in the corresponding area, that is, in a deformed cross-section (90) state; Grouting adjustment, firstly injecting bentonite slurry into the grouting hole (80) at the top of the tunnel, and then grouting is performed in the grouting holes (81) on one or both sides of the tunnel. During the grouting process, the pipe segment gradually deforms and squeezes the support structure. The support structure gradually shrinks according to the squeezing force to ensure that the squeezing force does not exceed the set value. The grouting stop condition is: the support structure shrinks to the designed cross-section (91), or the squeezing force converges and stabilizes during the grouting process, or the grouting pressure exceeds 0.5 MPa; When grouting stops, the extrusion pressure of each supporting structure's supporting point is recorded. After grouting stops, the grouting channel is cut off, and each supporting structure maintains support and continues to obtain the extrusion pressure of each supporting point. After the extrusion pressure stabilizes, each supporting structure slowly moves to gradually withdraw the support until the extrusion pressure reaches zero and stops moving. According to the support point positions of each support structure or the tunnel section is re-surveyed to obtain a new actual tunnel section. If it meets the adjustment target section (92), the deformation adjustment of the current section segment is terminated; if it does not meet the adjustment target section, the deformation adjustment of the tunnel segment is performed again.

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