Multi-channel water quality sampling and analyzing device with pollution source tracing function

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-channel water quality sampling and analyzing device with a pollution source tracing function. The multi-channel water quality sampling and analyzing device comprises more than three filtering and sampling ports arranged at each sampling point in a water body to be detected, all the filtering sampling ports are connected in parallel and then sequentially connected with a pressure meter, a flowmeter and a water quality monitoring unit; the pressure meter, the flow meter and the water quality monitoring unit are all connected with the control analysis unit; the control analysis unit controls all the filtering sampling ports and the water quality monitoring unit to work according to data fed back by the pressure meter, the flow meter and the water quality monitoring unit. According to the invention, monitoring of a plurality of monitoring points by a single water quality monitoring instrument is realized, and a hydraulic model and a pollution diffusion model are combined to deduce a pollution discharge position and a discharge amount.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water quality sampling and analysis, and in particular to a multi-channel water quality sampling and analysis device with a pollution source tracing function. Background Art

[0002] In water environment governance projects, water quality monitoring is an important means to maintain the effect of black and odorous water body governance. By rationally deploying water quality monitoring stations in river networks and pipe networks, we can track the effectiveness of project governance, trace the source of pollution in a timely manner when problems arise, and achieve long-term clean water environment. For this reason, in areas with densely populated rivers, in order to achieve good monitoring results, more water quality monitoring stations need to be built, and the project investment is very huge.

[0003] Therefore, how to achieve the monitoring of multiple monitoring points by a single water quality monitoring instrument, and at the same time combine the hydraulic model and pollution diffusion model to infer the pollution emission location and emission amount has become a technical problem that technical personnel in this field urgently need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a multi-channel water quality sampling and analysis device with pollution tracing function, the purpose of which is to realize the monitoring of multiple monitoring points by a single water quality monitoring instrument, and at the same time combine the hydraulic model and pollution diffusion model to infer the pollution emission location and emission amount.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention discloses a multi-channel water quality sampling and analysis device with pollution source tracing function, comprising more than three filter sampling ports arranged at each sampling point in the water body to be tested;

[0006] All the filter sampling ports are connected in parallel and then connected to a pressure gauge, a flow meter and a water quality monitoring unit in sequence;

[0007] The pressure meter, the flow meter, and the water quality monitoring unit are all connected to the control and analysis unit;

[0008] The control and analysis unit controls the operation of all the filter sampling ports and the water quality monitoring unit according to the data fed back by the pressure meter, the flow meter and the water quality monitoring unit;

[0009] The control and analysis unit controls all the filter sampling ports to sequentially extract the sample to be tested from each sampling point into the water quality monitoring unit for testing, and then forms a data sequence with the test results of each sampling point at different times t;

[0010] The pressure gauge is used to monitor whether there is an underpressure situation at any of the filter sampling ports, and to send an alarm to the water quality monitoring unit;

[0011] The flow meter is used to monitor the sampling flow rate, and when the flow rate is too low, it sends an air path obstruction alarm to the water quality monitoring unit;

[0012] The water quality monitoring unit analyzes the water samples from each of the filter sampling ports one by one and records the data according to the instructions of the control and analysis unit.

[0013] Preferably, each of the filter sampling ports is provided with a sampling valve;

[0014] All the sampling valves are connected to the control and analysis unit, and are opened by the control and analysis unit when the control and analysis unit controls any of the filter sampling ports to extract the sample to be tested from the corresponding sampling point;

[0015] A sampling pump and a three-way valve are provided between the pressure gauge and the flow meter;

[0016] A recoil bypass is led out through a three-way connection on the pipeline between all the filter sampling ports and the corresponding sampling valves, and all the recoil bypasses are connected in parallel to the third end of the three-way valve;

[0017] Each of the backwash bypasses is provided with a backwash valve;

[0018] The main pipe after all the backwash bypasses are connected in parallel is connected to the air washing channel through a tee;

[0019] The air washing channel is provided with a high-pressure air washing valve, and the other end is connected to a high-pressure air source.

[0020] Preferably, each of the filtration sampling ports is provided with an independent sampling pump;

[0021] The sampling pump of each of the filter sampling ports is connected to the control and analysis unit, and is opened by the control and analysis unit when the control and analysis unit controls any of the filter sampling ports to extract the sample to be tested at the corresponding sampling point;

[0022] A three-way valve is provided on the main pipe connected to the pressure gauge after all the filter sampling ports are connected in parallel;

[0023] The third end of the three-way valve is provided with a flushing outlet.

[0024] Preferably, the water quality monitoring unit comprises a waste liquid outlet;

[0025] The sampling pump is a dual pump hot standby type;

[0026] The distance between every two adjacent sampling points, that is, every two adjacent filtration sampling ports, is not less than 100 meters.

[0027] Preferably, each of the filtering sampling ports adopts a sampling pipeline laid openly or buried underground to form a sampling port with filtering function from the monitoring point to the water quality monitoring unit;

[0028] The sampling pipeline is made of corrosion-resistant and aging-resistant material.

[0029] Preferably, the control and analysis unit adopts a PLC or single-chip computer form, and realizes the switching of different working modes by controlling the sampling valve, backwash valve, high-pressure air washing valve, sampling pump and water quality monitoring unit, collects water samples to the water quality monitoring unit, and issues an alarm in the form of an alarm light when the water sample index concentration feedback from the water quality monitoring unit exceeds the limit, or when the pressure gauge and the flow meter feedback fail, and realizes the uploading of system information at the same time;

[0030] The working modes include initialization mode, sampling monitoring mode, backwashing mode and high-pressure gas washing mode;

[0031] The initialization mode is: the sampling pump stops running, all the sampling valves and all the backwash valves are in a closed state, and the state of the three-way valve is that the first end is connected to the second end;

[0032] The sampling monitoring mode is: all the sampling valves are in an open state, all the backwash valves are in a closed state, the sampling pump is in a running state, and the state of the three-way valve is that the first end is connected to the second end;

[0033] The backwashing mode is: the water quality monitoring unit stops working, all the sampling valves are in a closed state, all the backwashing valves corresponding to the filter sampling ports that need to be backwashed are in an open state, the high-pressure air washing valve is in a closed state, the state of the three-way valve is that the first end is connected to the third end, and the sampling pump is in a running state;

[0034] The high pressure air washing mode is:

[0035] The water quality monitoring unit stops working, all the sampling valves are in a closed state, all the backwash valves corresponding to the filter sampling ports that need to be backwashed are in an open state, the high-pressure air washing valve is in a closed state, the state of the three-way valve is that the first end and the second end are connected, and the sampling pump is in a stopped state.

[0036] More preferably, the control and analysis unit issues an alarm when the following situations occur:

[0037] When the water quality monitoring unit detects that the water quality monitoring index of any of the filter sampling ports exceeds a threshold, a water quality over-limit alarm is issued, and the over-limit water quality monitoring index and the sampling point are determined at the same time;

[0038] When the sampling pump is in operation, the negative pressure of the pressure gauge exceeds the normal range and an alarm for blocking the pipeline in front of the sampling pump is issued;

[0039] When the sampling pump is in operation, the flow meter indicates zero and issues an alarm indicating a pipeline obstruction behind the sampling pump;

[0040] In the sampling monitoring mode, the sampling pump is in operation, but a sampling pump failure alarm is issued when the flow meter or the pressure gauge indicates zero;

[0041] When the water quality monitoring unit sends out a fault signal, a water quality monitoring unit WQA fault alarm is issued.

[0042] Preferably, each of the data sequences at least includes time t and water quality monitoring indicators;

[0043] The water quality monitoring indicators include, but are not limited to, one or more of water quality monitoring indicators such as COD, BOD, pH, ORP, DO, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus and total nitrogen.

[0044] Preferably, among all the data sequences, the data sequence corresponding to the sampling point in the middle of the long straight section of the river channel, or the sampling point at the river channel intersection is [data0], and the data sequences of the remaining sampling points are [data1] to [datan].

[0045] Preferably, when pollution occurs, the time point when water quality abnormality occurs at any of the sampling points in the direction of pollution transmission is T1, and the time when the pollution is transmitted to the sampling point in the middle of the long straight section of the river channel, or the sampling point at the confluence of the river channels is T0. Then, based on the time difference, the water quality diffusion equation or the diffusion experimental data at the initial stage of system setting are used to infer the distance L between the pollution source and the sampling point in the middle of the long straight section of the river channel, or the sampling point at the confluence of the river channels, thereby determining the location of the pollution source.

[0046] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0047] The present invention can extract water samples from multiple monitoring points for analysis and monitoring. Through pipeline design and "time-sharing multiplexing" control mode, a single water quality monitoring instrument can monitor multiple monitoring points, reduce equipment investment, and improve equipment utilization.

[0048] The present invention combines hydraulic models and pollution diffusion models to infer the location and amount of pollution emissions, providing an efficient means for pollution source tracing.

[0049] The concept, specific structure and technical effects of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to fully understand the purpose, characteristics and effects of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing the arrangement of three sampling points in a water body according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing the principle of tracing the source of pollution in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention improved into a first structure.

[0053] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention being improved into a second structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] Example

[0055] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, a multi-channel water quality sampling and analysis device with pollution source tracing function includes more than three filter sampling ports FS arranged at each sampling point in the water body to be tested;

[0056] All filter sampling ports FS are connected in parallel and then connected to the pressure gauge PI, flow meter FI and water quality monitoring unit WQA in turn;

[0057] The pressure meter PI, flow meter FI, and water quality monitoring unit WQA are all connected to the control and analysis unit CAU;

[0058] The control and analysis unit CAU controls the operation of all filter sampling ports FS and water quality monitoring unit WQA according to the data fed back by the pressure gauge PI, flow meter FI and water quality monitoring unit WQA;

[0059] The control and analysis unit CAU controls all the filter sampling ports FS to sequentially extract the samples to be tested from each sampling point and enter the water quality monitoring unit WQA for testing, and then the test results of each sampling point at different times t form a data sequence;

[0060] The pressure gauge PI is used to monitor whether there is underpressure at any filter sampling port FS and send an alarm to the water quality monitoring unit WQA;

[0061] The flow meter FI is used to monitor the sampling flow rate and send a gas path blockage alarm to the water quality monitoring unit WQA when the flow rate is too low;

[0062] The water quality monitoring unit WQA analyzes the water samples from each filter sampling port FS one by one and records the data according to the instructions of the control and analysis unit CAU.

[0063] In some embodiments, the multi-channel water quality sampling and analysis device with pollution source tracing function can also be improved as follows: Figure 3 The first structure shown;

[0064] Among them, each filter sampling port FS is equipped with a sampling valve XVa;

[0065] All sampling valves XVa are connected to the control and analysis unit CAU and are opened by the control and analysis unit CAU when the control and analysis unit CAU controls any filter sampling port FS to extract the sample to be tested at the corresponding sampling point;

[0066] A sampling pump SP and a three-way valve TSV are provided between the pressure gauge PI and the flow meter FI;

[0067] A recoil bypass is led out through a three-way connection on the pipeline between all filter sampling ports FS and the corresponding sampling valve XVa, and all recoil bypasses are connected in parallel to the third end c of the three-way valve TSV;

[0068] Each backwash bypass is equipped with a backwash valve XVb;

[0069] The main pipe after all the backwash bypasses are connected in parallel is connected to the gas washing channel GC through a tee;

[0070] The gas washing channel GC is provided with a high-pressure gas washing valve XVc, and the other end is connected to the high-pressure gas source X.

[0071] In some embodiments, the multi-channel water quality sampling and analysis device with pollution source tracing function can also be improved as follows: Figure 4 The second structure shown; each filter sampling port FS is equipped with an independent sampling pump SP;

[0072] The sampling pump SP of each filter sampling port FS is connected to the control and analysis unit CAU, and is opened by the control and analysis unit CAU when the control and analysis unit CAU controls any filter sampling port FS to extract the sample to be tested at the corresponding sampling point;

[0073] A three-way valve TSV is provided on the main pipe after all the filter sampling ports FS are connected in parallel to the pressure gauge PI;

[0074] The third end of the three-way valve TSV is provided with a flushing drain port FD.

[0075] In certain embodiments, the water quality monitoring unit WQA comprises a waste drain WD;

[0076] The sampling pump SP is in double pump hot standby mode;

[0077] The distance between every two adjacent sampling points, that is, every two adjacent filter sampling ports FS, shall not be less than 100 meters.

[0078] In practical applications, the waste liquid outlet WD is used to discharge the waste liquid of the water sample after analysis.

[0079] The sampling pump SP provides power for sampling and transportation. It can be used in a single pump form or in a dual pump hot standby form to improve system reliability.

[0080] In some embodiments, each filter sampling port FS uses a sampling pipeline laid openly or buried underground to form a sampling port with filtering function from the monitoring point to the water quality monitoring unit;

[0081] The sampling pipeline is made of corrosion-resistant and anti-aging materials.

[0082] like Figure 3 As shown, it is improved as Figure 3 The multi-channel water quality sampling and analysis device with pollution tracing function of the first structure shown in the figure has a control and analysis unit CAU in the form of a PLC or a single-chip computer, which switches between different working modes by controlling the sampling valve XVa, the backwash valve XVb, the high-pressure air washing valve XVc, the sampling pump SP and the water quality monitoring unit WQA, collects water samples to the water quality monitoring unit WQA, and issues an alarm in the form of an alarm light when the water sample index concentration feedback from the water quality monitoring unit WQA exceeds the limit, or when the pressure gauge PI and the flow meter FI feedback fail, and the system information is uploaded at the same time;

[0083] like Figure 3 The working modes of the multi-channel water quality sampling and analysis device with pollution tracing function of the first structure shown include initialization mode, sampling monitoring mode, backwashing mode and high-pressure air washing mode;

[0084] The initialization mode is: the sampling pump SP stops running, all sampling valves XVa and all backwash valves XVb are in a closed state, and the state of the three-way valve TSV is that the first end a is connected to the second end b;

[0085] The sampling monitoring mode is: all sampling valves XVa are in the open state, all backwash valves XVb are in the closed state, the sampling pump SP is in the running state, and the state of the three-way valve TSV is that the first end a is connected to the second end b;

[0086] The backwashing mode is: the water quality monitoring unit WQA stops working, all sampling valves XVa are in a closed state, all backwashing valves XVb corresponding to the filter sampling ports FS that need to be backwashed are in an open state, the high-pressure air washing valve XVc is in a closed state, the state of the three-way valve TSV is that the first end a is connected to the third end c, and the sampling pump SP is in a running state;

[0087] High pressure air washing modes are:

[0088] The water quality monitoring unit WQA stops working, all sampling valves XVa are in a closed state, all backwash valves XVb corresponding to the filter sampling ports FS that need to be backwashed are in an open state, the high-pressure air washing valve XVc is in a closed state, the state of the three-way valve TSV is that the first end a is connected to the second end b, and the sampling pump SP is in a stopped state.

[0089] The sampling monitoring mode can achieve the following functions:

[0090] The system takes samples and monitors each monitoring point in turn in a certain order. It mainly cycles the following control steps: stop collecting data from the water quality monitoring unit WQA, open the sampling valve XVa of the current filtration sampling port FS, close the sampling valve XVa of the previous filtration sampling port FS, continue to drain water according to the set time or drain water until the instrument readings are stable, and start collecting data from the water quality monitoring unit WQA;

[0091] Mixed monitoring function: the system samples multiple monitoring points at the same time, monitors the mixed water samples, and obtains mixed water samples from several sampling points. The main control steps include: opening the sampling valve XVa of the filter sampling port FS of the relevant sampling point and closing the sampling valve XVa of the filter sampling port FS of the irrelevant sampling point, continuously draining water according to the set time or draining water until the instrument reading is stable, and starting and maintaining the data collection of the water quality monitoring unit WQA;

[0092] Fixed-point continuous monitoring function, the system continuously monitors the water quality of a certain monitoring point to continuously monitor the water quality of the selected monitoring point. The main control steps include: selecting the sampling point, opening the sampling valve XVa of the filter sampling port FS of the selected sampling point and closing the sampling valve XVa of the filter sampling port FS of other sampling points, continuously draining water according to the set time or draining water until the instrument reading is stable, and starting and maintaining the data collection of the water quality monitoring unit WQA.

[0093] Backwash mode can achieve the following functions:

[0094] Timed purge: In sampling monitoring mode, purge the filter sampling port FS according to the time and purge sequence set by the system;

[0095] Conditional purging: in sampling monitoring mode, when the system detects air path obstruction or water inlet failure, the filter sampling port FS is temporarily purged in the set order.

[0096] The high pressure air washing mode can achieve the following functions:

[0097] Timed purge: In the sampling monitoring mode, purge the filter sampling port FS according to the time and purge sequence set by the system;

[0098] Conditional purging: in sampling monitoring mode, when the system detects air path obstruction or water inlet failure, the filter sampling port FS is temporarily purged in the set order.

[0099] In some embodiments, the control and analysis unit CAU issues an alarm when the following situations occur;

[0100] When the water quality monitoring unit WQA detects that the water quality monitoring index of any filter sampling port FS exceeds the threshold, it will issue a water quality over-limit alarm and determine the over-limit water quality monitoring index and sampling point at the same time;

[0101] When the sampling pump SP is in operation, the negative pressure of the pressure gauge PI exceeds the normal range and an alarm for the pipeline blockage in front of the sampling pump is issued;

[0102] When the sampling pump SP is in operation, the flow meter FI reading is zero and an alarm for pipeline blockage after the sampling pump is issued;

[0103] In sampling monitoring mode, the sampling pump SP is in operation, but the flow meter FI or pressure gauge PI indicates zero, and a sampling pump failure alarm is issued;

[0104] When the water quality monitoring unit WQA sends out a fault signal, a water quality monitoring unit WQA fault alarm is issued.

[0105] In some embodiments, each data series includes at least time t and a water quality monitoring indicator;

[0106] The water quality monitoring indicators include but are not limited to one or more of COD, BOD, pH, ORP, DO, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus and total nitrogen water quality monitoring indicators.

[0107] In some embodiments, among all data sequences, the data sequence of the sampling point corresponding to the middle position of the long straight section of the river channel or the sampling point at the confluence of the river channel is [data0], and the data sequences of the remaining sampling points are [data1] to [datan].

[0108] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, when pollution occurs, the time point when water quality abnormality appears at any sampling point in the direction of pollution transmission is T1, and the time when pollution is transmitted to the sampling point in the middle of the long straight section of the river channel, or the sampling point at the confluence of the river channel is T0. Then, based on the time difference, the water quality diffusion equation or the diffusion experimental data in the initial stage of system setting are used to infer the distance L between the pollution source and the sampling point in the middle of the long straight section of the river channel, or the sampling point at the confluence of the river channel, thereby determining the location of the pollution source.

[0109] Through the above-mentioned technical means, if abnormal water quality (including exceeding the standard and abnormal rise) occurs at a certain sampling point in a certain direction, the location of the pollution source and the direction of pollution transmission can be determined.

[0110] The preferred specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above. It should be understood that a person skilled in the art can make many modifications and changes based on the concept of the present invention without creative work. Therefore, any technical solution that can be obtained by a person skilled in the art through logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiments based on the concept of the present invention on the basis of the prior art should be within the scope of protection determined by the claims.

Claims

1. A multi-channel water quality sampling and analysis device with pollution source tracing function; characterized in that: It includes three or more filter sampling ports (FS) arranged at each sampling point in the water body to be tested; All the filter sampling ports (FS) are connected in parallel and then connected to a pressure gauge (PI), a flow meter (FI) and a water quality monitoring unit (WQA); The pressure meter (PI), the flow meter (FI), and the water quality monitoring unit (WQA) are all connected to a control and analysis unit (CAU); The control and analysis unit (CAU) controls the operation of all the filter sampling ports (FS) and the water quality monitoring unit (WQA) according to the data fed back by the pressure meter (PI), the flow meter (FI) and the water quality monitoring unit (WQA); The control and analysis unit (CAU) controls all the filter sampling ports (FS) to sequentially extract the sample to be tested from each sampling point and enter the water quality monitoring unit (WQA) for testing, and then the test results of each sampling point at different times t form a data sequence; The pressure gauge (PI) is used to monitor whether there is an underpressure situation at any of the filter sampling ports (FS) and send an alarm to the water quality monitoring unit (WQA); The flow meter (FI) is used to monitor the sampling flow rate, and when the flow rate is too low, it sends an air path blockage alarm to the water quality monitoring unit (WQA); The water quality monitoring unit (WQA) analyzes the water samples from each of the filter sampling ports (FS) one by one and records the data according to the instructions of the control and analysis unit (CAU).

2. The multi-channel water quality sampling and analysis device with pollution source tracing function according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Each of the filter sampling ports (FS) is provided with a sampling valve (XVa); All the sampling valves (XVa) are connected to the control and analysis unit (CAU), and are opened by the control and analysis unit (CAU) when the control and analysis unit (CAU) controls any of the filter sampling ports (FS) to extract the sample to be tested at the corresponding sampling point; A sampling pump (SP) and a three-way valve (TSV) are provided between the pressure gauge (PI) and the flow meter (FI); A recoil bypass is led out through a three-way connection on the pipeline between all the filter sampling ports (FS) and the corresponding sampling valves (XVa), and all the recoil bypasses are connected in parallel to the third end (c) of the three-way valve (TSV); Each of the backwash bypasses is provided with a backwash valve (XVb); The main pipe after all the backwash bypasses are connected in parallel is connected to the gas washing channel (GC) through a three-way connection; The gas washing channel (GC) is provided with a high-pressure gas washing valve (XVc), and the other end is connected to a high-pressure gas source (X).

3. The multi-channel water quality sampling and analysis device with pollution source tracing function according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Each of the filter sampling ports (FS) is provided with an independent sampling pump (SP); The sampling pump (SP) of each of the filter sampling ports (FS) is connected to the control and analysis unit (CAU), and is opened by the control and analysis unit (CAU) when the control and analysis unit (CAU) controls any of the filter sampling ports (FS) to extract the sample to be tested at the corresponding sampling point; A three-way valve (TSV) is provided on the main pipe connected to the pressure gauge (PI) after all the filter sampling ports (FS) are connected in parallel; The third end of the three-way valve (TSV) is provided with a flushing drain (FD).

4. The multi-channel water quality sampling and analysis device with pollution source tracing function according to any one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that: The water quality monitoring unit (WQA) comprises a waste discharge outlet (WD); Each of the sampling pumps (SP) is in a dual-pump hot standby form; The distance between every two adjacent sampling points, that is, every two adjacent filtering sampling ports (FS), is not less than 100 meters.

5. The multi-channel water quality sampling and analysis device with pollution source tracing function according to any one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that: Each of the filtration sampling ports (FS) is a sampling port with filtration function from the monitoring point to the water quality monitoring unit by using a sampling pipeline laid openly or buried underground; The sampling pipeline is made of corrosion-resistant and aging-resistant material.

6. The multi-channel water quality sampling and analysis device with pollution source tracing function according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The control and analysis unit (CAU) is in the form of a PLC or a single-chip computer, and realizes the switching of different working modes by controlling the sampling valve (XVa), the backwash valve (XVb), the high-pressure air washing valve (XVc), the sampling pump (SP) and the water quality monitoring unit (WQA), collects water samples to the water quality monitoring unit (WQA), and when the water quality monitoring unit (WQA) feeds back that the concentration of the water sample index exceeds the limit, or the pressure meter (PI) and the flow meter (FI) feed back that a fault occurs, an alarm is issued in the form of an alarm light, and system information is uploaded at the same time; The working modes include initialization mode, sampling monitoring mode, backwashing mode and high-pressure gas washing mode; The initialization mode is: the sampling pump (SP) stops running, all the sampling valves (XVa) and all the backwash valves (XVb) are in a closed state, and the state of the three-way valve (TSV) is that the first end (a) is connected to the second end (b); The sampling monitoring mode is: all the sampling valves (XVa) are in an open state, all the backwash valves (XVb) are in a closed state, the sampling pump (SP) is in a running state, and the state of the three-way valve (TSV) is that the first end (a) is connected to the second end (b); The backwashing mode is: the water quality monitoring unit (WQA) stops working, all the sampling valves (XVa) are in a closed state, all the backwashing valves (XVb) corresponding to the filter sampling ports (FS) that need to be backwashed are in an open state, the high-pressure air washing valve (XVc) is in a closed state, the state of the three-way valve (TSV) is that the first end (a) is connected to the third end (c), and the sampling pump (SP) is in an operating state; The high pressure air washing mode is: The water quality monitoring unit (WQA) stops working, all the sampling valves (XVa) are in a closed state, all the backwash valves (XVb) corresponding to the filter sampling ports (FS) that need to be backwashed are in an open state, the high-pressure air washing valve (XVc) is in a closed state, the state of the three-way valve (TSV) is that the first end (a) is connected to the second end (b), and the sampling pump (SP) is in a stopped state.

7. The multi-channel water quality sampling and analysis device with pollution source tracing function according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The control and analysis unit (CAU) issues an alarm when the following situations occur: When the water quality monitoring unit (WQA) detects that the water quality monitoring index of any of the filter sampling ports (FS) exceeds a threshold, a water quality over-limit alarm is issued, and the over-limit water quality monitoring index and the sampling point are determined at the same time; When the sampling pump (SP) is in operation, the negative pressure of the pressure gauge (PI) exceeds the normal range and an alarm for blockage of the pipeline in front of the sampling pump is issued; When the sampling pump (SP) is in operation and the flow meter (FI) indicates zero, an alarm for a pipeline blockage behind the sampling pump is issued; In the sampling monitoring mode, the sampling pump (SP) is in operation, but a sampling pump failure alarm is issued when the flow meter (FI) or the pressure gauge (PI) indicates zero; When the water quality monitoring unit (WQA) sends a fault signal, a water quality monitoring unit WQA fault alarm is issued.

8. The multi-channel water quality sampling and analysis device with pollution source tracing function according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Each of the data sequences at least includes time t and water quality monitoring indicators; The water quality monitoring indicators include but are not limited to one or more of COD, BOD, pH, ORP, DO, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus and total nitrogen water quality monitoring indicators.

9. The multi-channel water quality sampling and analysis device with pollution source tracing function according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Among all the data sequences, the data sequence corresponding to the sampling point in the middle of the long straight section of the river channel, or the sampling point at the confluence of the river channel is [data0], and the data sequences of the remaining sampling points are [data1] to [datan].

10. The multi-channel water quality sampling and analysis device with pollution source tracing function according to claim 1, characterized in that: When pollution occurs, the time point when water quality abnormality appears at any sampling point in the direction of pollution transmission is T1, and the time when the pollution is transmitted to the sampling point in the middle of the long straight section of the river channel, or the sampling point at the confluence of the river channels is T0. Then, based on the time difference, the water quality diffusion equation or the diffusion experimental data in the initial stage of system setting are used to infer the distance L between the pollution source and the sampling point in the middle of the long straight section of the river channel, or the sampling point at the confluence of the river channels, thereby determining the location of the pollution source.

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