Post-flood emergency inspection and evaluation method and system for highway bridge structure

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of bridge engineering detection and evaluation, in particular to a post-flood emergency inspection and evaluation method and system for a highway bridge structure. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring information of a post-flood highway bridge state and a hydrogeological state; determining the post-flood condition grade of the bridge; acquiring an emergency evaluation result of the post-flood structure of the bridge; constructing a post-flood integral structure safety evaluation model of the bridge; determining post-flood overall structure safety evaluation indexes of the bridge; and obtaining a special evaluation result of the post-flood overall structure of the bridge. According to the method, by applying the analytic hierarchy process, the human subjective influence is reduced, and supplementation and perfection of standard specification related contents in the current bridge flood-fighting field are realized; through a simple, rapid and efficient inspection and evaluation means, clear guidance is provided for rapid inspection of the damage condition of the post-flood bridge and efficient evaluation of the structural safety and the traffic capacity, smooth proceeding of emergency rush-repair and traffic-guarantee work is guaranteed, and casualties and economic losses are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of bridge engineering detection and evaluation, and in particular to a method and system for post-flood emergency inspection and evaluation of a highway bridge structure. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, due to the combined influence of climate, geology and human factors, bridge damage incidents have occurred frequently and the situation is severe. As a key node of highway traffic, bridges are crucial in post-disaster emergency rescue. Therefore, it is particularly important to conduct post-flood emergency inspections and assessments of bridge structures to reduce casualties and economic losses.

[0003] At present, the standards and specifications for bridge flood control in my country mainly focus on bridge flood control design, pre-flood assessment and treatment measures, while the inspection and assessment guidance for bridges in disaster areas after the flood is relatively lacking. After the actual disaster occurs, on-site personnel often lack effective guidance and find it difficult to quickly determine the damage to the bridge, which affects the timely implementation of emergency repair and maintenance work. In addition, traditional inspection and assessment methods are easily affected by human factors, and the accuracy and objectivity of the assessment results are insufficient.

[0004] The present invention aims to develop a quantitative post-flood emergency inspection and evaluation method for highway bridge structures. The method is simple to operate, quick to respond, and highly efficient in evaluation. By using the analytic hierarchy process, a scientific calculation model for the evaluation level is established, which can effectively avoid the subjective bias of humans in traditional methods, and provide a scientific basis for quickly identifying bridge damage conditions and accurately evaluating structural safety and traffic capacity after a disaster, thereby providing solid technical support for emergency repair and maintenance work. In addition, the present invention also fills the gap in the emergency inspection and evaluation of bridge structures after floods in my country's current standards and specifications for bridge flood control, and has important practical application value and broad social benefits. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the defects in the prior art, the present invention provides a method and system for emergency inspection and evaluation of highway bridge structures after a flood.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for emergency inspection and assessment of a highway bridge structure after a flood, comprising the following steps: obtaining information on the state of a highway bridge after a flood and the hydrogeological state, the information including information on the state of the bridge superstructure, the state of the substructure, other states, and information on hydrological conditions and geological hazards, the other states including the state of bearings, the state of conical slope protection and the state of abutment wall protection, the state of a water-passing section, and the state of bridge deck deposits; determining the post-flood condition grade of the bridge according to the information on the post-flood state of the highway bridge and the hydrogeological state; obtaining an emergency assessment result of the post-flood structure of the bridge according to the post-flood condition grade of the bridge; constructing a safety assessment model for the overall structure of the bridge after a flood based on the emergency assessment result; determining the safety assessment index of the overall structure of the bridge after a flood through the safety assessment model for the overall structure of the bridge after a flood; obtaining a special assessment result of the overall structure of the bridge after a flood according to the safety assessment index of the overall structure of the bridge after a flood; and implementing emergency inspection and assessment of the highway bridge structure after a flood through the emergency assessment result and the special assessment result. The present invention achieves a comprehensive grasp of the post-flood condition of bridges by comprehensively acquiring information on the status and hydrogeological status of highway bridges after floods, and provides a detailed data basis for emergency assessment and special assessment of bridge structures; by determining the post-flood condition level of bridges, the degree of damage to bridges can be quickly and accurately judged, and a clear direction and basis can be provided for emergency assessment of bridge structures after floods; by constructing a safety assessment model for the overall structure of bridges after floods, safety assessment indicators can be scientifically and systematically determined, and strong support can be provided for special assessments; through the results of special assessments and emergency assessments, a comprehensive and in-depth assessment of the post-flood condition of highway bridge structures can be achieved, and a scientific decision-making basis can be provided for the maintenance and management of bridges, effectively improving the efficiency and accuracy of emergency inspections and assessments of highway bridges after floods.

[0007] Optionally, determining the post-flood condition grade of a bridge according to the information on the post-flood highway bridge status and the hydrogeological status includes: obtaining a bridge superstructure status score, a substructure status score, and other status scores according to the information on the post-flood highway bridge status and the hydrogeological status; obtaining a hydrogeological status score according to the information on the post-flood highway bridge status and the hydrogeological status; and constructing a comprehensive scoring model for the post-flood status of a bridge using the superstructure status score, the substructure status score, the other status scores, and the hydrogeological status score, wherein the comprehensive scoring model for the post-flood status of a bridge satisfies the following expression: , in, Provide a comprehensive score for the bridge's post-flood status. Score the condition of the bridge superstructure, Score the condition of the bridge substructure, Rate other bridge conditions. The present invention achieves a quantitative evaluation of the various states of the bridge after the flood by obtaining the state scores of the superstructure, the substructure, other states and the hydrogeological state of the bridge respectively, so that the evaluation results are more objective and accurate; by constructing a comprehensive scoring model for the state of the bridge after the flood that comprehensively considers the bridge structure and the hydrogeological state, the overall state of the bridge after the flood is fully reflected, providing a scientific basis for determining the state grade of the bridge after the flood; by using the comprehensive scoring model for the state of the bridge after the flood to determine the state grade of the bridge after the flood, a rapid and accurate evaluation of the state of the bridge after the flood is achieved.

[0008] Optionally, the emergency assessment results of the bridge post-flood structure obtained based on the post-flood condition level of the bridge include: when the post-flood condition level of the bridge is level one, the functions of the main load-bearing components of the bridge are all good, the functions of the secondary components are good or slightly damaged, and the overall condition is good; when the post-flood condition level of the bridge is level two, some of the main load-bearing components of the bridge are moderately damaged, the secondary components are severely damaged, and the overall condition is damaged; when the post-flood condition level of the bridge is level three, the main load-bearing components of the bridge are all moderately damaged or some are severely damaged, and the overall condition is damaged. The present invention realizes a rapid assessment of the structural state of the bridge after a flood by clarifying the corresponding relationship between the bridge post-flood condition level and the emergency assessment result; when the bridge post-flood condition level is level one, by confirming that the functions of the main load-bearing components of the bridge are all good, and the functions of the secondary components are all good or slightly damaged, the overall condition of the bridge is quickly judged to be good, which provides a clear direction for bridge maintenance, reduces unnecessary maintenance costs and time consumption, and improves assessment efficiency; when the bridge post-flood condition level is level two, by identifying that some of the main load-bearing components of the bridge are moderately damaged, and the secondary components are severely damaged, the overall condition of the bridge is accurately judged to be damaged, which helps to timely identify the safety hazards of the bridge and take necessary repair measures, so as to fully ensure the traffic safety of the bridge; when the bridge post-flood condition level is level three, by confirming that the main load-bearing components of the bridge are all moderately damaged or partially severely damaged, the overall condition of the bridge is accurately judged to be damaged, which helps to take emergency measures in time to prevent further damage to the bridge.

[0009] Optionally, the construction of the overall structural safety assessment model of the bridge after the flood based on the emergency assessment results includes: when the emergency assessment results meet the general provisions for conducting a special assessment of the safety of the bridge structure after the flood, a special assessment of the bridge structure after the flood is carried out according to the following steps: determining the assessment index of the water damage of the upper structure of the bridge after the flood; determining the assessment index of the water damage of the lower structure of the bridge after the flood; determining the assessment index of the water damage of other structures of the bridge after the flood; determining the assessment index of the hydrological risk after the flood; using the assessment index of the water damage of the upper structure, the water damage of the lower structure and the water damage of other structures and the assessment index of the hydrological risk, the overall structural safety assessment model of the bridge after the flood is constructed. The present invention realizes a comprehensive and detailed consideration of the safety of the bridge structure after the flood by analyzing the emergency assessment results, and provides a more accurate basis for the safety assessment of the overall structure of the bridge; by constructing the overall structural safety assessment model of the bridge after the flood, the structural safety status of the bridge after the flood is comprehensively assessed, potential safety hazards are effectively identified, and scientific decision-making support is provided for the maintenance and management of the bridge.

[0010] Optionally, the determination of the evaluation index of the water damage condition of the bridge superstructure after the flood includes: determining the evaluation index of the water damage condition of the bridge superstructure after the flood according to the water damage condition evaluation table of beam bridges and arch bridges. The present invention determines the evaluation index of the water damage condition of the bridge superstructure after the flood in a targeted manner through the water damage condition evaluation table of beam bridges and arch bridges, so that the evaluation result is more accurate and in line with reality, which helps to more accurately judge the damage condition of the bridge superstructure.

[0011] Optionally, determining the evaluation index of water damage to the substructure of the bridge after a flood includes: constructing an evaluation model for water damage to the substructure of the bridge after a flood, and the evaluation model for water damage to the substructure of the bridge after a flood satisfies the following expression: , in, It is an evaluation index of water damage to the bridge substructure. It is the sub-item coefficient of the evaluation index of water damage of the bridge substructure. To assess the water damage of bridge piers, abutments and foundations. ; The evaluation index of the water damage to the substructure of the bridge after the flood is determined by the evaluation model of the water damage to the substructure of the bridge after the flood. The present invention constructs an evaluation model of the water damage to the substructure of the bridge after the flood, comprehensively considers the water damage to the piers, abutments and foundations, etc., realizes a comprehensive evaluation of the water damage to the substructure of the bridge, and improves the accuracy and scientificity of the evaluation; by using the sub-item coefficients in the evaluation model, the weights of different sub-items are flexibly adjusted to reflect the severity of the water damage to the substructure of different bridges, providing more accurate guidance for bridge repair and maintenance work.

[0012] Optionally, determining the evaluation index of water damage to other structures of bridges after a flood includes: constructing an evaluation model for water damage to other structures of bridges after a flood, wherein the evaluation model for water damage to other structures of bridges after a flood satisfies the following expression: , in, It is an evaluation index for water damage of other bridge structures. It is the sub-item coefficient of the water damage assessment index for other bridge structures. To evaluate the indexes of bearings, conical slope protection, water-passing sections and bridge deck deposits. ; The evaluation index of water damage to other structures of bridges after floods is determined by the evaluation model of water damage to other structures of bridges after floods. The present invention realizes a comprehensive evaluation of bearings, cone slope protection, water-passing sections and bridge deck deposits by constructing an evaluation model of water damage to other structures of bridges after floods, which helps to timely discover and deal with water damage problems of other structures of bridges; by using the sub-item coefficients in the evaluation model, the weights of different sub-items are reasonably adjusted to reflect the severity of water damage to different structures, providing a more scientific basis for bridge maintenance decisions.

[0013] Optionally, determining the evaluation index of post-flood hydrological risk includes: constructing a post-flood hydrological risk evaluation model, and the post-flood hydrological risk evaluation model satisfies the following expression: , in, is a hydrological risk assessment indicator. is the sub-item coefficient of the hydrological risk assessment index, It is an evaluation index for flood routes, water level conditions, flow velocity conditions, eddy current conditions and floating debris conditions. ; In order to consider the risk amplification factor of the bridge water damage condition, the risk amplification factor satisfies the following expression: , in, It is an evaluation index for water damage of bridge superstructure. It is an evaluation index of water damage to the bridge substructure. It is an evaluation index for water damage to other structures of the bridge. The present invention constructs a post-flood hydrological risk assessment model, comprehensively considers multiple factors such as flood routes, water level conditions, flow velocity conditions, eddy conditions, and floating object conditions, and achieves a comprehensive assessment of post-flood hydrological risks, improving the accuracy and scientificity of the assessment; by using the risk magnification factor to incorporate water damage to the upper and lower parts of the bridge and other structures into the hydrological risk assessment, the assessment results can more accurately reflect the actual risk status of the bridge during the flood season.

[0014] Optionally, the overall structural safety assessment model of the bridge after a flood satisfies the following expression: , in, It is the overall structural safety assessment index of the bridge after flood. is a hydrological risk assessment indicator. , , They are the water damage assessment indicators for the bridge superstructure, substructure, and other structures. , , They are the water damage sub-item coefficients of the bridge superstructure, substructure and other structures. The present invention combines the hydrological risk assessment index with the water damage assessment index of the bridge superstructure, substructure and other structures to achieve a comprehensive assessment of the overall structural safety of the bridge after the flood, which helps to timely discover and deal with the safety hazards of the bridge structure; by using the sub-item coefficients to flexibly adjust the weights of different structural parts to reflect their importance in the overall structural safety of the bridge, the pertinence and practicality of the assessment results are improved.

[0015] Optionally, the obtaining of the special evaluation result of the overall structure of the bridge after a flood according to the overall structure safety evaluation index of the bridge after a flood includes: when the overall structure safety evaluation index of the bridge after a flood falls within the interval When the bridge is intact or slightly damaged, the bridge structure is safe; when the overall structural safety assessment index of the bridge after the flood falls into the interval When the bridge is damaged to a certain extent, but has not yet endangered the safety of the bridge structure; when the overall structural safety assessment index of the bridge after the flood falls into the interval When the bridge is seriously damaged, but the structure has not yet failed; when the overall structural safety assessment index of the bridge after the flood falls into the interval The present invention achieves a rapid and accurate judgment of the overall structural safety status of the bridge after the flood by setting a clear correspondence between the evaluation index interval and the safety status of the bridge structure, which helps to quickly grasp the safety status of the bridge; it gives corresponding safety assessment results for bridges with different degrees of damage, provides clear guidance for bridge maintenance and management, and helps to take necessary repair measures in a timely manner to prevent further damage and ensure the safe operation of the bridge.

[0016] In the second aspect, the present invention provides a post-flood emergency inspection and evaluation system for highway bridge structures, comprising an input device, a processor, an output device and a memory, wherein the input device, the processor, the output device and the memory are interconnected, wherein the memory is used to store a computer program, the computer program includes program instructions, the processor is configured to call the program instructions, and the system uses the post-flood emergency inspection and evaluation method for highway bridge structures. The present invention realizes a systematic and comprehensive evaluation of the safety of bridge structures after floods by integrating a comprehensive evaluation model of the upper part, lower part, other structures and hydrological risks of the bridge after floods, and effectively improves the efficiency and accuracy of the post-flood emergency inspection of bridges; by using the clear correspondence between the evaluation index interval and the safety status of the bridge structure, the degree of damage and safety status of the bridge can be quickly judged, which is conducive to taking repair measures in time to ensure the safe passage of the bridge. In addition, the system also realizes the standardization and automation of the evaluation process, improves the consistency and operability of the evaluation, and is conducive to reducing maintenance costs and improving the overall management efficiency and safety of bridges. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 A flowchart of a post-flood emergency inspection and evaluation method for a highway bridge structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a post-flood emergency inspection and evaluation system for highway bridge structures according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is an operation flow chart of the post-flood emergency inspection and evaluation system for highway bridge structures according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. It should be noted that the embodiments described herein are only for illustration and are not intended to limit the present invention. In the following description, a large number of specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it is obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art that these specific details do not need to be adopted to implement the present invention. In other examples, in order to avoid confusing the present invention, known circuits, software or methods are not specifically described.

[0019] Throughout the specification, references to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "an example," or "an example" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, the phrases "in one embodiment," "in an embodiment," "an example," or "an example" appearing in various places throughout the specification do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment or example. In addition, particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in one or more embodiments or examples in any suitable combination and / or subcombination. In addition, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the figures provided herein are for illustrative purposes and that the figures are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0020] See also Figure 1 The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for post-flood emergency inspection and evaluation of a highway bridge structure, the method comprising the following steps: S1. Obtain information on the status of highway bridges and hydrogeological conditions after the flood season.

[0021] Among them, S1 includes the following steps: S11. Obtain information on the status of highway bridges after the flood season.

[0022] Among them, S11 includes the following steps: S111. Obtain information on the status of the superstructure of highway bridges after the flood season.

[0023] In one embodiment, information on the status of the superstructure of the beam bridge after the flood season is obtained.

[0024] Specifically, visually inspect the surface of the beam to record whether there is any damage, cracking, etc., and use professional detection tools such as crack width gauges to measure the cracks in detail.

[0025] Furthermore, displacement observation points are set on the beam body, and the lateral and vertical displacements are measured using a total station.

[0026] Furthermore, visually inspect the integrity, stability and height of the guardrails, and check the clarity, integrity and color of the signs; test the brightness of the lighting system and the working condition of the lamps.

[0027] Furthermore, check whether the drainage pipes are unobstructed and whether there is any blockage, and check the integrity of the rainwater inlets and rainwater gutters.

[0028] Furthermore, the integrity and flatness of the bridge deck pavement were visually inspected.

[0029] Furthermore, the presence of unusual noises and vibrations in the structure can be detected through hearing and touch, and vibration monitoring equipment can be used to monitor the bridge and record vibration data.

[0030] In another embodiment, information on the state of the arch bridge superstructure is obtained.

[0031] Specifically, the main arch surface is visually inspected to record whether there is any damage, cracking, etc., and professional detection tools such as crack width gauges are used to measure the cracks in detail.

[0032] Furthermore, check whether there is damage or cracking at the arch hinges, arch top, and 1 / 4 key positions, and record the specific location and extent of the damage or cracking.

[0033] Furthermore, check whether the mortar joints are intact and whether any masonry blocks have fallen off, and record the area of ​​the falling off and compare it with 10% of the single-span facade.

[0034] Furthermore, displacement observation points are set on the upper beam body, and measuring equipment such as a total station is used to measure the lateral and vertical displacements.

[0035] Furthermore, check the integrity of the bridge guardrails, signs, lighting systems, and drainage systems.

[0036] Furthermore, record whether there are any problems such as washout, contamination, deformation, etc.

[0037] Furthermore, check the integrity and flatness of the bridge deck pavement.

[0038] Furthermore, the presence of unusual noises and vibrations in the structure can be detected through hearing and touch, and vibration monitoring equipment can be used to monitor the bridge and record vibration data.

[0039] S112. Obtain information on the status of the substructure of highway bridges after the flood season.

[0040] In one embodiment, information on the status of the substructure of a highway bridge after a flood is obtained.

[0041] Specifically, the bridge piers are visually inspected using drone equipment to record the integrity and erosion of the pier body, and the surface of the pier body is gently tapped using tools such as a small hammer to determine by the sound whether there are cavities or damage inside.

[0042] Furthermore, use tools such as magnifying glasses to closely observe the surface of the pier body and cap beam, and record defects and cracks; for cracks found, use tools such as crack width gauges to measure the width and length of the cracks.

[0043] Furthermore, leveling points are set on the piers, and the settlement of the piers at different time points is measured using a level. The inclination of the piers is measured using an inclinometer, and the stability of the piers is determined based on the settlement data.

[0044] Furthermore, a comprehensive visual inspection of the abutment is conducted to record the overall condition of the abutment, including whether it is intact and whether there is any erosion. If erosion is found, the extent of erosion needs to be further determined and whether the steel bars have been exposed.

[0045] Furthermore, use a small hammer or other tool to gently tap the surface of the abutment to determine whether there are cavities or damage inside by the sound.

[0046] Furthermore, the surface of the abutment is closely observed using tools such as telescopes and magnifying glasses to record defects and cracks. For cracks found, the width, length and direction of the cracks are measured using tools such as crack width gauges.

[0047] Furthermore, level points were set on the abutments and settlement observations were carried out using a level instrument in accordance with the specifications. The settlement at different time points is recorded, and the tilt of the abutment is measured using equipment such as a total station or inclinometer.

[0048] Combined with the settlement data, the stability of the abutment is comprehensively judged.

[0049] Furthermore, check whether the bridge abutment has been destroyed by natural disasters such as floods, and check whether the backfill of the abutment is tight and whether there is any squeezing or hollowing out.

[0050] Furthermore, a comprehensive inspection of the arch foot and surrounding environment is carried out, including using measuring tools such as tape measures and vernier calipers to measure and record the size of the arch foot, erosion depth, etc.; observing and recording whether there are exposed reinforcement, defects, cracks, etc. at the arch foot, and whether there are cracks in the surrounding bedrock.

[0051] Furthermore, non-destructive testing technologies such as ultrasound and radar are used to inspect the inside of the arch foot to determine whether there is internal damage or defects, and the corrosion potential of the steel bars is tested to evaluate the degree of corrosion of the steel bars.

[0052] Furthermore, drones are used to take photos or videos of the bridge arch footing to record the current status of the arch footing, and the photos or videos are post-processed to mark the location and degree of damage to the arch footing.

[0053] Furthermore, use measuring tape, crack detector and other professional tools and equipment to conduct detailed inspections on the pile body, pile foundation and expanded foundation; record the integrity of the pile body and pile foundation, including the location, length, width and other information of the cracks; use measuring tools to measure the actual value of the buried depth of the pile foundation and record the data; observe and record the exposure of the expanded foundation, including the exposed area, location and other information.

[0054] S113. Obtain information on other status of highway bridges after the flood season.

[0055] In one embodiment, the bridge bearings are first inspected on site, and professional tools and equipment such as crack detectors and deformation measuring instruments are used to conduct a detailed inspection of the bearings.

[0056] Furthermore, the integrity of the bearings is recorded, including the location, area, degree of damage, etc., and the deformation of the bearings is measured using measuring tools and the data is recorded. At the same time, observe and record whether there is obvious relative displacement between the upper and lower structures.

[0057] Furthermore, observe the overall condition of the cone slope protection and abutment retaining wall, and record whether there are obvious cracks, damage or loss of filling materials; use a camera to take photos or videos of the cone slope protection and abutment retaining wall; use tools such as crack width gauges to measure the width, length and depth of cracks, and record the location, shape and number of cracks; observe whether there is missing or loose mortared stone filling materials on the surface of the cone slope protection and abutment retaining wall; based on the on-site observation results, estimate the number and area of ​​lost mortared stone filling materials; use measuring tools such as tape measures and laser rangefinders to delineate the scope of the collapse area; calculate the collapse area based on the delineated collapse area; if the collapse shape is irregular, it can be divided into multiple regular shapes, such as rectangles, triangles, etc., and then the areas are calculated separately and summed up; compare the calculated collapse area with the total area of ​​the cone slope protection and abutment retaining wall to obtain the collapse area ratio.

[0058] Furthermore, use measuring tools such as tape measures and laser rangefinders to measure the aperture size of the bridge holes; observe and record the floating objects in the bridge holes, including type, quantity, distribution, etc. For single-hole bridges, use measuring tools to measure the maximum width of the blockage, compare it with the aperture size, and calculate the ratio of the blockage width to the aperture size. For multi-hole bridges, count the number of blocked bridge holes, compare it with the total number of bridge holes, and calculate the ratio of blocked bridge holes to the total number of bridge holes.

[0059] Furthermore, carefully observe the bridge deck conditions, including the type, quantity, distribution of the deposits, and the width of the blocked bridge deck; use measuring tools such as tape measures and laser rangefinders to measure the width of the bridge deck blocked by deposits, and compare it with the total width of the bridge deck to calculate the blockage ratio.

[0060] S12. Obtain information on post-flood hydrogeological conditions.

[0061] In one embodiment, information on post-flood hydrogeological conditions is obtained.

[0062] Specifically, on-site inspections were conducted on the water bodies and geological structures around the bridge site. Telescopes, drones and other equipment were used to conduct long-distance observations of the area above and around the bridge site to identify potential geological hazards.

[0063] Furthermore, measuring tools such as tape measures, laser rangefinders, and flow meters are used to accurately measure the water level and flow rate under the bridge.

[0064] Furthermore, the observed and measured data are recorded, including water level, flow velocity, type and amount of floating objects, cracks and collapse of geological structures, etc.

[0065] S2. Determine the post-flood condition level of the bridge based on the information.

[0066] Among them, S2 includes the following steps: S21. Based on the information, obtain a bridge superstructure status score.

[0067] In one embodiment, a beam bridge superstructure condition score is obtained.

[0068] Specifically, based on the on-site information and combined with Table 1, the status score of the beam bridge superstructure was obtained.

[0069] It should be noted that if any of the information described in Table 1 is found during the on-site inspection, the corresponding score will be taken and the status and score will be determined according to the highest score. For beams with multiple spans, the status and score of the beam bridge superstructure will be determined according to the highest score of a single beam.

[0070]

[0071]

[0072] In another embodiment, a condition score of an arch bridge superstructure is obtained.

[0073] Specifically, based on the on-site information and combined with Table 3, the arch bridge superstructure status score was obtained.

[0074]

[0075] It should be noted that if any of the information described in Table 3 is found during the on-site inspection, the corresponding score will be taken and the status and score will be determined according to the highest score. For bridges with multiple arches, the status and score of the arch bridge superstructure will be determined according to the highest score of the single-span arch.

[0076] S22. Based on the information, obtain a bridge substructure status score.

[0077] In one embodiment, a bridge substructure status scoring model is constructed and used to calculate the bridge substructure status score. The bridge substructure status scoring model satisfies the following expression: , in, Score the condition of the bridge substructure, Score the condition of the bridge piers. Score the condition of the abutments, Score the arch condition. As the basic status score, is the number of bridge substructure component types.

[0078] It should be noted that the pier condition score is determined based on the on-site information and Table 4.

[0079]

[0080]

[0081] It should be noted that if any of the inspection results in Table 4 are found during the on-site inspection, the corresponding score will be taken and the highest score will be used to determine the condition score. If there are multiple piers, the pier condition score will be determined based on the highest score of a single pier.

[0082] Furthermore, the abutment condition score is determined according to the provisions of Table 6.

[0083]

[0084] It should be noted that if any of the inspection results in Table 6 are found during the on-site inspection, the corresponding score will be taken and the abutment condition score will be determined based on the highest value.

[0085] Furthermore, the arch foot status score is determined according to the provisions of Table 7.

[0086] It should be noted that if any of the inspection results in Table 7 are found during the on-site inspection, the corresponding score will be taken and the highest value will be used to determine the status score. For those where the water level is too deep and has not receded, the arch foot cannot be inspected, and no obvious abnormalities are found in the main arch ring, it is advisable to assess moderate damage for safety reasons.

[0087]

[0088] Furthermore, the basic status score is determined according to the provisions of Table 8.

[0089]

[0090] It should be noted that if any of the inspection results in Table 8 are found during the on-site inspection, the corresponding score will be taken and the highest value will be used to determine the status score. For those where the water level is too deep and has not receded, the foundation cannot be inspected, and no obvious abnormalities are found in the superstructure and piers, for safety reasons, it is advisable to assess them as moderately damaged.

[0091] S23. Based on the information, obtain other status scores of the bridge.

[0092] In one embodiment, by constructing and utilizing a bridge other state scoring model, the bridge other state score is calculated. The bridge substructure state scoring model satisfies the following expression: , in, Rate other bridge conditions. Score the bearing condition, Score the condition of the cone slope protection and bridge abutment wall protection. Score the water section status. Score the condition of the bridge deck deposits. For other status assessment quantities, the values ​​are taken according to the actual situation of the bridge and meet the following conditions:

[0093] It should be noted that when , , and When any of the items in takes the value 3, The value of is 3. The bearing condition score is determined based on the on-site inspection results and Table 9.

[0094]

[0095] It should be noted that if any of the inspection results in Table 9 are found during the on-site inspection, the corresponding score will be taken and the status score will be determined based on the highest value.

[0096] Furthermore, based on the on-site inspection results and in combination with the provisions of Table 10, the scores for the condition of the cone slope protection and the abutment retaining wall are determined.

[0097]

[0098] It should be noted that if any of the inspection results in Table 10 are found during the on-site inspection, the corresponding score will be taken and the status score will be determined based on the highest value.

[0099] Furthermore, based on the on-site inspection results and in combination with the provisions of Table 11, the water-passing section status score is determined.

[0100]

[0101] It should be noted that if any of the inspection results in Table 11 are found during the on-site inspection, the corresponding score will be taken and the status score will be determined based on the highest value.

[0102] Furthermore, based on the on-site inspection results and in combination with the provisions of Table 12, determine the bridge deck deposit status score.

[0103]

[0104] It should be noted that if any of the inspection results in Table 12 are found during the on-site inspection, the corresponding score will be taken and the status score will be determined based on the highest value.

[0105] S24. Based on the information, obtain a hydrogeological status score.

[0106] In one embodiment, the hydrogeological status score is determined based on the on-site inspection results in combination with the provisions of Table 13.

[0107]

[0108] It should be noted that if any of the inspection results described in the table above are found during the on-site inspection, the corresponding score will be taken and the status score will be determined based on the highest value.

[0109] S25. Construct a comprehensive scoring model for the post-flood bridge status using the superstructure status score, the substructure status score, the other status scores, and the hydrogeological status score.

[0110] In one embodiment, a comprehensive scoring model for the post-flood state of a bridge is constructed based on the bridge state score and the hydrogeological state score. The comprehensive scoring model for the post-flood state of a bridge satisfies the following expression: , in, Provide a comprehensive score for the bridge's post-flood status. Score the condition of the bridge superstructure, Score the condition of the bridge substructure, Rate other bridge conditions. Score the hydrogeological status.

[0111] S26. Obtain a comprehensive score of the bridge's post-flood status through the comprehensive scoring model for the bridge's post-flood status.

[0112] In one embodiment, the comprehensive score model for the post-flood state of the bridge constructed in step S25 is solved according to the superstructure state score, the substructure state score, the other state scores and the hydrogeological state score to obtain the comprehensive score for the post-flood state of the bridge.

[0113] S27. Determine the post-flood condition grade of the bridge based on the comprehensive score of the post-flood condition of the bridge.

[0114] In one embodiment, the bridge post-flood condition grade is determined according to the comprehensive score of the bridge post-flood condition in combination with the provisions of Table 14. The condition description corresponding to the bridge post-flood condition grade is shown in Table 15.

[0115]

[0116]

[0117] S3. Obtain emergency assessment results of the bridge's post-flood structure based on the bridge's post-flood condition level.

[0118] In one embodiment, the post-flood condition level of the bridge is determined to be level one. Combined with Table 15, the emergency assessment results of the bridge traffic are obtained, which include: the main load-bearing components are functioning well; the secondary components are functioning well or slightly damaged; the secondary disaster risk is low; and the bridge has the capacity for normal traffic.

[0119] In another embodiment, the post-flood condition level of the bridge is determined to be level 2, and combined with Table 15, the emergency assessment results of the bridge traffic are obtained, which include: some main load-bearing components are moderately damaged; secondary components are seriously damaged; there is a certain secondary disaster risk; there is still capacity for traffic, but the tonnage of vehicles passing through is limited.

[0120] In another embodiment, the post-flood condition level of the bridge is determined to be level three, and combined with Table 15, the emergency assessment results of the bridge traffic are obtained, which include: some major load-bearing components are seriously damaged, or all are moderately damaged; there is a high risk of secondary disasters; and the bridge is not capable of traffic.

[0121] S4. Based on the emergency assessment results, a post-flood overall structural safety assessment model for the bridge is constructed.

[0122] In one embodiment, based on the emergency assessment results and combined with the general provisions of bridge structure special assessment, the need for bridge overall safety special assessment is determined. The general provisions are as follows: Post-flood assessment of highway bridges should be divided into emergency assessment and special assessment. Emergency assessment should be completed on-site according to the emergency inspection structure; After the emergency inspection and assessment of highway bridges after the flood season, if any of the following situations occur, a special assessment should be carried out: 1. The post-flood condition of the bridge is graded as Grade III; 2. The bridge's post-flood condition is Grade II, and there is a need for large vehicles weighing more than 14 tons to pass during the subsequent maintenance phase; 3. The condition of the bridge tends to deteriorate.

[0123] 4. Other situations where front-line maintenance personnel believe that special assessments are necessary.

[0124] When the emergency assessment results meet the general requirements for conducting a special assessment of the safety of the bridge structure after a flood, the special assessment of the bridge structure after a flood shall be conducted according to the following steps: S41. Determine the evaluation indicators for water damage to the superstructure of bridges after floods.

[0125] In this embodiment, based on Table 1 and Table 3, the evaluation index of the superstructure state or water damage of the bridge after the flood is determined.

[0126] S42. Determine the evaluation indicators for water damage to the bridge substructure after a flood.

[0127] In this embodiment, a model for assessing water damage to the substructure of a bridge after a flood is first constructed. The model for assessing water damage to the substructure of a bridge after a flood satisfies the following expression: , in, It is an evaluation index of water damage to the bridge substructure. It is the sub-item coefficient of the evaluation index of water damage of the bridge substructure. To assess the water damage of bridge piers, abutments and foundations. ;in, According to Table 16, Take values ​​according to Table 4, Table 6 and Table 8.

[0128]

[0129] Furthermore, by calculating the water damage assessment model for the bridge substructure after a flood, data of the water damage assessment index for the bridge substructure after a flood were obtained.

[0130] S43. Determine the evaluation indicators for water damage to other structures of bridges after floods.

[0131] In this embodiment, a model for assessing water damage to other structures of bridges after a flood is first constructed. The model for assessing water damage to other structures of bridges after a flood satisfies the following expression: , in, It is an evaluation index for water damage of other bridge structures. It is the sub-item coefficient of the water damage assessment index for other bridge structures. To evaluate the indexes of bearings, conical slope protection, water-passing sections and bridge deck deposits. ;in, According to Table 17, Take the values ​​according to Table 9, Table 10, Table 11 and Table 12. It should be noted that when , and When any one of the is 3, The value is 3.

[0132]

[0133] Furthermore, by calculating the water damage assessment model for other structures of the bridge after a flood, data of assessment indicators for water damage assessment for other structures of the bridge after a flood were obtained.

[0134] S44. Determine the assessment indicators of post-flood hydrological risks.

[0135] For bridges that have been damaged but have not completely collapsed after a flood, there is a possibility of secondary disasters if the hydrological conditions are unfavorable. Therefore, the existing water damage of the bridge and the hydrological conditions after the flood should be comprehensively considered to assess the hydrological risk and determine the overall structural safety level of the bridge after the flood.

[0136] In one embodiment, a post-flood hydrological risk assessment model is first constructed, and the post-flood hydrological risk assessment model satisfies the following expression: , in, is a hydrological risk assessment indicator. is the sub-item coefficient of the hydrological risk assessment index, It is an evaluation index for flood routes, water level conditions, flow velocity conditions, eddy current conditions and floating debris conditions. ; In order to consider the risk amplification factor of the bridge water damage condition, the risk amplification factor satisfies the following expression: , in, It is an evaluation index for water damage of bridge superstructure. It is an evaluation index of water damage to the bridge substructure. It is an evaluation index for water damage of other bridge structures. According to Table 18, the Take values ​​according to Table 19, Table 20, Table 21, Table 22 and Table 23.

[0137]

[0138]

[0139]

[0140]

[0141]

[0142]

[0143] It should be noted that when , , When any item is equal to 3, it indicates that the bridge has been completely damaged or is in a dangerous state, and there is no need to calculate the hydrological risk sub-item assessment scale.

[0144] S45. Using the evaluation indicators of the water damage to the upper structure, the water damage to the lower structure and the water damage to other structures as well as the evaluation indicators of the hydrological risks, a post-flood overall structural safety evaluation model of the bridge is constructed.

[0145] In one embodiment, based on step S41, step S42, step S43, and step S44, a safety assessment model of the overall structure of the bridge after a flood is constructed. The safety assessment model of the overall structure of the bridge after a flood satisfies the following expression:

[0146] in, It is the overall structural safety assessment index of the bridge after flood. is a hydrological risk assessment indicator. , , They are the water damage assessment indicators for the bridge superstructure, substructure, and other structures. , , They are the sub-item coefficients for water damage to the bridge superstructure, substructure and other structures.

[0147] S5. Determine the overall structural safety assessment index of the bridge after a flood by using the overall structural safety assessment model of the bridge after a flood.

[0148] In one embodiment, the coefficients of the overall structural safety assessment model of the bridge after the flood are firstly determined. , , According to Table 24, Obtain values ​​according to Table 25.

[0149]

[0150]

[0151] Furthermore, by combining step S41, step S42, step S43, and step S44, the scale of the overall structural safety assessment index of the bridge after the flood is calculated.

[0152] S6. Obtain a special assessment result of the overall structure of the bridge after a flood according to the overall structural safety assessment index of the bridge after a flood.

[0153] In one embodiment, based on step S4, the scale of the overall structural safety assessment index of the bridge after the flood is calculated, and combined with Table 26, the overall structural safety level of the bridge after the flood is determined.

[0154]

[0155] It should be noted that when , , When any item is equal to 3, it indicates that the bridge has been completely damaged or is in a dangerous state, and the overall structural safety level of the bridge after the flood should be directly determined as Level 4.

[0156] Furthermore, based on the safety level of the overall structure of the bridge after the flood, combined with Table 27, a special assessment result of the overall structure of the bridge after the flood is obtained.

[0157]

[0158] S7. Through the emergency assessment results and the special assessment results, emergency inspection and assessment of highway bridge structures after floods are carried out.

[0159] In one embodiment, emergency inspection and evaluation of highway bridges after a traffic flood is performed based on the emergency evaluation result obtained in step S3 and the special evaluation result obtained in step S6.

[0160] It should be noted that if a special assessment is not required, emergency measures should be taken directly; if a special assessment is required, emergency measures should be taken after the special assessment. The emergency measures include: In case of bridge deviation, correction methods such as the sleeper-covered support method, the bridge deck steel guide beam method, the end integral jacking method, and the saddle-type support method are used. Simple tools such as crowbars are used to pry and drag the beam to restore it to its original position, ensuring that the bridge has the ability to pass traffic quickly.

[0161] In case of insufficient bearing capacity, the following reinforcement methods are adopted: increasing cross-section, gluing steel plates, gluing fiber composite materials, external prestressing and changing the structural system.

[0162] In order to deal with the scouring of bridge abutments and bridge approach, direct filling or grouting method is adopted.

[0163] Real-time monitoring is required for bridges on lifeline networks or bridges with major hidden dangers. The monitoring content includes the displacement of components such as beams or arches, the displacement of bridge deck staggered joints, the settlement of substructure piers and abutments, the effective area of ​​support, and the deformation or crack changes of major load-bearing components.

[0164] It should be noted that remote visualization equipment is generally used for monitoring, including solar-powered wireless signal transmission cameras, displacement meters, sensors for unmanned storage, recording and transmission of stress and strain, crack width recorders, etc. This monitoring work requires professional units and personnel to complete.

[0165] See also Figure 2 , Figure 2 The structure diagram of the post-flood emergency inspection and evaluation system for highway bridge structures in an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. The system includes an input device, a processor, an output device, and a memory, wherein the input device, the processor, the output device, and the memory are interconnected, wherein the memory is used to store a computer program, the computer program includes program instructions, and the processor is configured to call the program instructions. The system uses the post-flood emergency inspection and evaluation method for highway bridge structures, and its operation process is as follows: Figure 3 shown.

[0166] In this embodiment, the input device includes a data acquisition module and a user interaction interface. The data acquisition module is responsible for collecting status information and hydrogeological status information of highway bridges after the flood season; the user interaction interface allows input of additional evaluation parameters or adjustment of system settings.

[0167] The processor is a high-performance computing unit, which contains multiple processing cores and high-speed cache. It is responsible for processing and analyzing the data obtained by the input device, including calculating the comprehensive score of the bridge's post-flood status and obtaining the emergency inspection and evaluation results.

[0168] The output device includes a display screen and a printing device. The display screen is used to display information such as the comprehensive score of the bridge's post-flood structural status, the condition level, and the emergency inspection and evaluation results; the printing device is used to generate a detailed evaluation report.

[0169] The memory adopts a high-speed solid-state hard disk, which has the characteristics of fast reading and writing speed, large capacity and high reliability. It is mainly used to store data input by the input device and the result data processed by the processor, and can meet the needs of large data storage.

[0170] In summary, the present invention has the characteristics of simple operation, rapid response and efficient evaluation. By using the analytic hierarchy process and scientifically establishing the calculation mode of the evaluation level, it can effectively avoid the subjective bias of human beings in traditional methods, and provide a scientific basis for quickly identifying the damage status of bridges after disasters and accurately evaluating the structural safety and traffic capacity, thereby providing a solid technical support for emergency repair and maintenance work. In addition, the present invention also fills the gap in the emergency inspection and evaluation of bridge structures after floods in the current standards and specifications in the field of bridge flood control in my country, and has important practical application value and broad social benefits.

[0171] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein by equivalents. These modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be included in the scope of the claims and specification of the present invention.

Claims

1. A post-flood emergency inspection and assessment method for highway bridge structures, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Obtaining information on the status of highway bridges and hydrogeological conditions after the flood season, including information on the status of the bridge superstructure, substructure, other conditions, and hydrological conditions and geological hazards. The other conditions include the status of bearings, conical slope protection and abutment wall protection, water-passing section status, and bridge deck deposit status; Determine the post-flood condition level of the bridge based on the post-flood highway bridge condition and hydrogeological condition information; Obtain emergency assessment results of the bridge structure after the flood according to the bridge post-flood condition level; Based on the emergency assessment results, a safety assessment model of the overall structure of the bridge after the flood is constructed; Determine the overall structural safety assessment index of the bridge after a flood by using the overall structural safety assessment model of the bridge after a flood; According to the safety assessment index of the overall structure of the bridge after the flood, a special assessment result of the overall structure of the bridge after the flood is obtained; Through the emergency assessment results and the special assessment results, emergency inspection and assessment of highway bridge structures after floods can be achieved.

2. A post-flood emergency inspection and assessment method for highway bridge structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: Determining the bridge post-flood condition level according to the information of the highway bridge status and hydrogeological status after the flood includes: Obtaining a bridge superstructure status score, a substructure status score, and other status scores based on the information on the highway bridge status and hydrogeological status after the flood season; Obtaining a hydrogeological status score based on the information on the highway bridge status and hydrogeological status after the flood season; The superstructure status score, the substructure status score, the other status scores and the hydrogeological status score are used to construct a comprehensive scoring model for the post-flood status of the bridge. The comprehensive scoring model for the post-flood status of the bridge satisfies the following expression: ， in, Provide a comprehensive score for the bridge's post-flood status. Score the condition of the bridge superstructure, Score the condition of the bridge substructure, Rate other bridge conditions. Score the hydrogeological status; The post-flood condition grade of the bridge is determined by the comprehensive scoring model for the post-flood condition of the bridge.

3. A post-flood emergency inspection and assessment method for highway bridge structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The obtaining of the emergency assessment result of the bridge structure after the flood according to the bridge post-flood condition level includes: When the post-flood condition of a bridge is graded as level one, the main load-bearing components of the bridge are in good condition, the secondary components are in good condition or slightly damaged, and the overall condition is good; When the post-flood condition of a bridge is graded as Level 2, some of the main load-bearing components of the bridge are moderately damaged, and the secondary components are severely damaged, and the overall condition is damaged; When the post-flood condition level of the bridge is level three, the main load-bearing components of the bridge are moderately damaged or partially severely damaged, and the overall condition is damaged.

4. A post-flood emergency inspection and assessment method for highway bridge structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the emergency assessment results, constructing a post-flood overall structural safety assessment model for the bridge includes: When the emergency assessment results meet the general requirements for conducting a special assessment of the safety of the bridge structure after a flood, the special assessment of the bridge structure after a flood shall be conducted according to the following steps: Determine the evaluation indicators of water damage to the superstructure of bridges after floods; Determine the evaluation indicators of water damage to the bridge substructure after the flood season; Determine the evaluation indicators of water damage to bridges and other structures after floods; Determine the assessment indicators of post-flood hydrological risks; By using the evaluation indicators of the water damage of the upper structure, the water damage of the lower structure and the water damage of other structures and the evaluation indicators of the hydrological risks, a safety evaluation model of the overall structure of the bridge after the flood season is constructed.

5. A post-flood emergency inspection and evaluation method for highway bridge structures according to claim 4, characterized in that: The evaluation indicators for determining the water damage of the bridge superstructure after the flood season include: Based on the water damage assessment table for beam bridges and arch bridges, determine the assessment indicators for water damage to the superstructure of the bridge after a flood.

6. A post-flood emergency inspection and assessment method for highway bridge structures according to claim 4, characterized in that: The evaluation indicators for determining the water damage of the bridge substructure after the flood season include: A model for assessing water damage to the substructure of a bridge after a flood is constructed, and the model for assessing water damage to the substructure of a bridge after a flood satisfies the following expression: ， in, It is an evaluation index of water damage to the bridge substructure. It is the sub-item coefficient of the evaluation index of water damage of the bridge substructure. To assess the water damage of bridge piers, abutments and foundations. ; The evaluation index of the water damage condition of the bridge substructure after a flood is determined by using the evaluation model for the water damage condition of the bridge substructure after a flood.

7. A post-flood emergency inspection and evaluation method for highway bridge structures according to claim 4, characterized in that: The evaluation indicators for determining water damage to other structures of bridges after floods include: A model for assessing water damage to other structures of bridges after floods is constructed, and the model for assessing water damage to other structures of bridges after floods satisfies the following expression: ， in, It is an evaluation index for water damage of other bridge structures. It is the sub-item coefficient of the water damage assessment index for other bridge structures. To evaluate the indexes of bearings, conical slope protection, water-passing sections and bridge deck deposits. ; Determine the assessment index of water damage to other structures of bridges after floods through the assessment model of water damage to other structures of bridges after floods; The assessment indicators for determining post-flood hydrological risks include: A post-flood hydrological risk assessment model is constructed, and the post-flood hydrological risk assessment model satisfies the following expression: ， in, is a hydrological risk assessment indicator. is the sub-item coefficient of the hydrological risk assessment index, It is an evaluation index for flood routes, water level conditions, flow velocity conditions, eddy current conditions and floating debris conditions. ; In order to consider the risk amplification factor of the bridge water damage condition, the risk amplification factor satisfies the following expression: ， in, It is an evaluation index for water damage of bridge superstructure. It is an evaluation index of water damage to the bridge substructure. It is an assessment indicator for water damage to other bridge structures.

8. A post-flood emergency inspection and evaluation method for highway bridge structures according to claim 4, characterized in that: The overall structural safety assessment model of the bridge after flood meets the following expression: ， in, It is the overall structural safety assessment index of the bridge after flood. is a hydrological risk assessment indicator. , , They are the water damage assessment indicators for the bridge superstructure, substructure, and other structures. , , They are the sub-item coefficients for water damage to the bridge superstructure, substructure and other structures.

9. The post-flood emergency inspection and evaluation method for highway bridge structures according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The obtaining of the special assessment results of the overall structure of the bridge after the flood according to the overall structure safety assessment index of the bridge after the flood includes: When the overall structural safety assessment index of the bridge after flood falls into the interval When the bridge is intact or slightly damaged, the bridge structure is safe; When the overall structural safety assessment index of the bridge after flood falls into the interval When the bridge is damaged, it has some damage, but it has not yet endangered the safety of the bridge structure; When the overall structural safety assessment index of the bridge after flood falls into the interval When the bridge is seriously damaged, the structure has not yet failed; When the overall structural safety assessment index of the bridge after flood falls into the interval The bridge structure fails.

10. A post-flood emergency inspection and evaluation system for highway bridge structures, the system using a post-flood emergency inspection and evaluation method for highway bridge structures according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The system includes an input device, a processor, an output device and a memory, wherein the input device, the processor, the output device and the memory are connected to each other, wherein the memory is used to store a computer program, the computer program includes program instructions, and the processor is configured to call the program instructions.

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